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Rainforest bird communities threatened by extreme fire. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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2
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Quintero E, Isla J, Jordano P. Methodological overview and data‐merging approaches in the study of plant–frugivore interactions. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Isla
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC Sevilla Spain
| | - Pedro Jordano
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC Sevilla Spain
- Dept Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Univ. de Sevilla Sevilla Spain
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3
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Hernandez JO, Maldia LS, Park BB. Research Trends and Methodological Approaches of the Impacts of Windstorms on Forests in Tropical, Subtropical, and Temperate Zones: Where Are We Now and How Should Research Move Forward? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1709. [PMID: 33291785 PMCID: PMC7762080 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Windstorm is one of the destructive natural disturbances, but the scale-link extent to which recurrent windstorms influenced forests ecosystems is poorly understood in a changing climate across regions. We reviewed the synergistic impacts of windstorms on forests and assessed research trends and methodological approaches from peer-reviewed articles published from 2000 to 2020 in tropical (TRF), subtropical (SUF), and temperate (TEF) forests/zones, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Overall, the majority of the reviewed studies were conducted in TRF (i.e., 40%), intermediate in SUF (i.e., 34%), and the lowest in TEF (i.e., 26%). Among the four levels of biological organization, the species-population and community-ecosystem levels had the highest number of study cases, while the molecular-cellular-individual and landscape levels had the lowest study cases in all forest types. Most of the articles reviewed dealt largely on tree mortality/survival and regeneration/succession for TRF, tree mortality/survival and species composition/richness/diversity for SUF, and stem density, gap dynamics, and regeneration/succession for TEF. However, research on the effects of windstorms on mycorrhizal symbioses, population genetics, and physiological adaptation, element fluxes via litterfall, litter decomposition, belowground processes, biological invasion, and tree health are less common in all forest types. Further, most of the studies were conducted in permanent plots but these studies mostly used observational design, while controlled studies are obviously limited. Consequently, more observational and controlled studies are needed on the topic reviewed, particularly studies at the molecular-cellular-individual and landscape levels, to help inform forest management decision-making about developing sustainable and resilient forests amid climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan O. Hernandez
- Department of Environment and Forest Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
- Department of Forest Biological Sciences, College of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines;
| | - Lerma S.J. Maldia
- Department of Forest Biological Sciences, College of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines;
| | - Byung Bae Park
- Department of Environment and Forest Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
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Gamboa A, Barragán F. Preferencias de los granívoros con respecto al tamaño y la calidad de las bellotas en un bosque de Quercus en la zona centroseptentrional de México. ANIMAL BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION 2020. [DOI: 10.32800/abc.2020.43.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Acorns of the species of the genus Quercus are highly appreciated by a diverse group of animals. It remains unclear whether the choice to move an acorn is related to the intrinsic characteristics of the fruit. In this work, we aimed to determine whether the size and quality of acorns (healthy or damaged) influenced their removal. We found that Q. affinis was the species with the largest acorns but the lowest removal rate, and Q. eduardii was the species with the smallest acorns but highest removal rates. Two groups of vertebrates carried out this removal, and this activity occurred at two clearly separate times. Jays Aphelocoma spp. carried out their activity during the day, and rodents Peromyscus spp. removed acorns at night. Size and quality only had a significant influence on the removal of Q. affinis. Our results suggest that absence of large animals could put the establishment of species with large acorns (such as Q. affinis) at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Gamboa
- IPICYT/División de Ciencias Ambientales, SLP, Mexico
| | - F. Barragán
- IPICYT/División de Ciencias Ambientales, SLP, Mexico
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5
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Verga EG, Sánchez Hümoller HL, Vergara-Tabares DL, Galetto L, Peluc SI. Importancia para la conservación de las aves de un relicto de bosque en la región fitogeográfica del Espinal, Argentina. NEOTROPICAL BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.14.e37920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
La región fitogeográfica del Espinal en Argentina está críticamente amenazada, ya que gran parte de su territorio históricamente cubierto por bosque fue convertido a cultivos. Con el fin de evidenciar el valor de conservación de bosques relictuales en la región, realizamos un inventario de las especies de aves presentes en uno de los relictos de Espinal más grandes del centro de la provincia de Córdoba, evaluando si cumple con las condiciones para formar parte de la red de Áreas de Importancia para la Conservación de las Aves (AICAs). Registramos 116 especies, pertenecientes a 32 familias, lo cual representa aproximadamente un cuarto del total de especies citadas para la provincia. La ocurrencia de una “especie amenazada a nivel mundial” (Rheaamericana), dos “especies de distribución restringida a nivel nacional” (Poospizaornata y Xolmisrubetra), y 18 especies “específicas de un bioma” hace que este relicto de Espinal cumpla al menos con tres de los criterios para considerar un área como AICA. Este trabajo resalta el gran valor del sitio estudiado para la conservación de las aves, constituyendo un reservorio regional de diversidad. En base a estos resultados y a la crítica situación de conservación que enfrenta el Espinal, consideramos que es imprescindible revalorizar el área como un AICA.
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6
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Nuñez CL, Clark JS, Clark CJ, Poulsen JR. Low-intensity logging and hunting have long-term effects on seed dispersal but not fecundity in Afrotropical forests. AOB PLANTS 2019; 11:ply074. [PMID: 30697404 PMCID: PMC6346634 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/ply074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Hunting and logging, ubiquitous human disturbances in tropical forests, have the potential to alter the ecological processes that govern population recruitment and community composition. Hunting-induced declines in populations of seed-dispersing animals are expected to reduce dispersal of the tree species that rely on them, resulting in potentially greater distance- and density-dependent mortality. At the same time, selective logging may alter competitive interactions among tree species, releasing remaining trees from light, nutrient or space limitations. Taken together, these disturbances may alter the community composition of tropical forests, with implications for carbon storage, biodiversity conservation and ecosystem function. To evaluate the effects of hunting and logging on tree fecundity and seed dispersal, we use 3 years of seed rain data from a large-scale observational experiment in previously logged, hunted and protected forests in northern Republic of Congo (Brazzaville). We find that low-intensity logging had a meaningful long-term effect on species-specific seed dispersal distances, though the direction and magnitude varied and was not congruent within dispersal vector. Tree fecundity increased with tree diameter, but did not differ appreciably across disturbance regimes. The species-specific dispersal responses to logging in this study point towards the long-lasting toll of disturbance on ecological function and highlight the necessity of conserving intact forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase L Nuñez
- University Program in Ecology, Duke University, Durham, USA
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, USA
- Corresponding author’s e-mail address:
| | - James S Clark
- University Program in Ecology, Duke University, Durham, USA
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - Connie J Clark
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - John R Poulsen
- University Program in Ecology, Duke University, Durham, USA
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, USA
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7
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Quitián M, Santillán V, Bender IMA, Espinosa CI, Homeier J, Böhning‐Gaese K, Schleuning M, Lena Neuschulz E. Functional responses of avian frugivores to variation in fruit resources between natural and fragmented forests. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Quitián
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Frankfurt (SBiK-F) Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Departament of Biological SciencesGoethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Vinicio Santillán
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Frankfurt (SBiK-F) Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Departament of Biological SciencesGoethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Irene M. A. Bender
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Frankfurt (SBiK-F) Frankfurt am Main Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology, Geobotany and Botanical GardenMartin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Homeier
- Albrecht von Haller Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of Goettingen Goettingen Germany
| | - Katrin Böhning‐Gaese
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Frankfurt (SBiK-F) Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Departament of Biological SciencesGoethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Matthias Schleuning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Frankfurt (SBiK-F) Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Eike Lena Neuschulz
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Frankfurt (SBiK-F) Frankfurt am Main Germany
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Palmer GJ, Catterall CP. Impacts of rainforest fragmentation on the composition of ground-active vertebrate communities and their patterns of seed consumption. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202870. [PMID: 30208055 PMCID: PMC6135387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-dispersal seed consumption by rainforest vertebrates on the forest floor can substantially influence the community dynamics of rainforest trees. Studies of rainforest vertebrate seed predators at a community level, however, are lacking. Furthermore, there is very limited understanding of the effects of forest fragmentation on seed predators and their feeding behaviour. Here, we test whether communities of vertebrate seed predators, and their patterns of feeding on rainforest tree seeds, are altered when clearing creates forest fragments in an agricultural matrix. Using infra-red trail cameras deployed at stations with and without seeds of 20 local tree species, we identified four mammal and three bird species (from 18 recorded vertebrate taxa at mainly species level) as common post-dispersal seed predators in subtropical rainforest of eastern Australia. Statistical comparisons of species-specific frequencies between six sites in continuous forest and six in small rainforest fragments (4–21 ha) showed that habitat fragmentation substantially altered species composition of seed predator communities. Two species, both small rodents, had lower abundances in fragments than in continuous forest, while higher abundances were observed in fragments for a further four species: two small birds, a medium-sized marsupial and the small non-native rodent Rattus rattus. The abundance of one larger bird species did not change. Predatory interest in seeds was also significantly affected by habitat fragmentation and generally increased in each species’ habitat of greater abundance. Collectively, seed predators showed behaviours associated with potential or actual seed consumption on an average of 43% of camera days with seeds, with about 50% of seeds physically removed or damaged after five days’ exposure. Camera data have revealed community-level changes in seed predator abundance and feeding that are likely to cause altered patterns of plant recruitment following rainforest fragmentation, but these will be complex in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary J. Palmer
- School of Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Carla P. Catterall
- School of Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
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de Paula Mateus D, Groeneveld J, Fischer R, Taubert F, Martins VF, Huth A. Defaunation impacts on seed survival and its effect on the biomass of future tropical forests. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dantas de Paula Mateus
- Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ Leipzig; Dept of Ecological Modelling; PO Box 500136 DE-04301 Leipzig Germany
| | - Juergen Groeneveld
- Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ Leipzig; Dept of Ecological Modelling; PO Box 500136 DE-04301 Leipzig Germany
- Inst. of Forest Growth and Forest Computer Sciences; Technische Univ. Dresden; Tharandt Germany
| | - Rico Fischer
- Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ Leipzig; Dept of Ecological Modelling; PO Box 500136 DE-04301 Leipzig Germany
| | - Franziska Taubert
- Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ Leipzig; Dept of Ecological Modelling; PO Box 500136 DE-04301 Leipzig Germany
| | - Valéria F. Martins
- Dept of Natural Sciences, Maths and Education; Centre for Agrarian Sciences, Federal Univ. of Sao Carlos - UFSC; Araras SP Brazil
| | - Andreas Huth
- Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ Leipzig; Dept of Ecological Modelling; PO Box 500136 DE-04301 Leipzig Germany
- Inst. of Environmental Systems Research; Univ. of Osnabrück; Osnabrück Germany
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10
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Catterall CP. Fauna as passengers and drivers in vegetation restoration: A synthesis of processes and evidence. ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT & RESTORATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/emr.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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11
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Charles LS, Dwyer JM, Mayfield MM. Rainforest seed rain into abandoned tropical Australian pasture is dependent on adjacent rainforest structure and extent. AUSTRAL ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan S. Charles
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - John M. Dwyer
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water Flagship Ecosciences Precinct Dutton Park, Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Margaret M. Mayfield
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
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12
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Making dispersal syndromes and networks useful in tropical conservation and restoration. Glob Ecol Conserv 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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13
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Avian frugivory and seed dispersal of a large fruited tree in an Indian moist deciduous forest. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Morán-López T, Fernández M, Alonso CL, Flores-Rentería D, Valladares F, Díaz M. Effects of forest fragmentation on the oak-rodent mutualism. OIKOS 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.02061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Morán-López
- Dept of Biogeography and Global Change (BCG-MNCN); Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC; c/Serrano 115 bis ES-28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Miguel Fernández
- Dept of Biogeography and Global Change (BCG-MNCN); Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC; c/Serrano 115 bis ES-28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Cesar Luis Alonso
- Dept of Biogeography and Global Change (BCG-MNCN); Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC; c/Serrano 115 bis ES-28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Dulce Flores-Rentería
- Dept of Biogeography and Global Change (BCG-MNCN); Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC; c/Serrano 115 bis ES-28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Fernando Valladares
- Dept of Biogeography and Global Change (BCG-MNCN); Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC; c/Serrano 115 bis ES-28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Mario Díaz
- Dept of Biogeography and Global Change (BCG-MNCN); Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC; c/Serrano 115 bis ES-28006 Madrid Spain
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Clark NJ, Adlard RD, Clegg SM. Molecular and morphological characterization of Haemoproteus (Parahaemoproteus) ptilotis, a parasite infecting Australian honeyeaters (Meliphagidae), with remarks on prevalence and potential cryptic speciation. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:1921-8. [PMID: 25855347 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4380-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Avian Haemoproteus (Haemosporida) parasites occur in birds on all continents apart from Antarctica. Molecular screening techniques have uncovered previously unforeseen levels of Haemoproteus lineage diversity; however, fewer than 20% of genetic parasite lineages have been linked to morphological descriptions. The process of linking morphological descriptions to DNA barcodes for Haemoproteus spp. is important for the study of host-parasite interactions and the potential for cryptic speciation. Here, we describe cytochrome-b barcodes and morphological diagnostics for the identification of Haemoproteus (Parahaemoproteus) ptilotis, a systematically confusing parasite found in Australian honeyeaters (family Meliphagidae). We characterised infections from the original type host (Lichenostomus chrysops; Family Meliphagidae) as well as from four co-occurring meliphagid species in southeast Queensland, Australia, to investigate intraspecific variation in morphology and lineage identity. We recorded eight lineages that grouped into a well-supported monophyletic group, supporting the linkage of the described lineages to H. ptilotis. However, comparisons of diagnostics between the type host and co-occurring meliphagid hosts revealed high genetic diversity and variable morphology that could be indicative of cryptic speciation. This study highlights that morphological descriptions alongside molecular characterisation remain crucial if we are to gain an understanding of the true diversity and host specificity of protozoan parasites in Australia and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Clark
- Environmental Futures Research Institute and Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD 4222, Australia,
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16
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Moran C, Catterall CP. Responses of seed-dispersing birds to amount of rainforest in the landscape around fragments. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2014; 28:551-560. [PMID: 24548306 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Habitat loss and fragmentation alter the composition of bird assemblages in rainforest. Because birds are major seed dispersers in rainforests, fragmentation-induced changes to frugivorous bird assemblages are also likely to alter the ecological processes of seed dispersal and forest regeneration, but the specific nature of these changes is poorly understood. We assessed the influence of fragment size and landscape forest cover on the abundance, species composition, and functional properties of the avian seed disperser community in an extensively cleared, former rainforest landscape of subtropical Australia. Bird surveys of fixed time and area in 25 rainforest fragments (1-139 ha in size across a 1800 km(2) region) provided bird assemblage data which were coupled with prior knowledge of bird species' particular roles in seed dispersal to give measurements of seven different attributes of the seed disperser assemblage. We used multimodel regression to assess how patch size and surrounding forest cover (within 200 m, 1000 m, and 5000 m radii) influenced variation in the abundance of individual bird species and of functional groups based on bird species' responses to fragmentation and their roles in seed dispersal. Surrounding forest cover, specifically rainforest cover, generally had a greater effect on frugivorous bird assemblages than fragment size. Amount of rainforest cover within 200 m of fragments was the main factor positively associated with abundances of frugivorous birds that are both fragmentation sensitive and important seed dispersers. Our results suggest a high proportion of local rainforest cover is required for the persistence of seed-dispersing birds and the maintenance of seed dispersal processes. Thus, even small rainforest fragments can function as important parts of habitat networks for seed-dispersing birds, whether or not they are physically connected by vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cath Moran
- Environmental Futures Centre and Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia; Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, 4870, Australia
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Reid JL, Mendenhall CD, Rosales JA, Zahawi RA, Holl KD. Landscape context mediates avian habitat choice in tropical forest restoration. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90573. [PMID: 24595233 PMCID: PMC3942431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Birds both promote and prosper from forest restoration. The ecosystem functions birds perform can increase the pace of forest regeneration and, correspondingly, increase the available habitat for birds and other forest-dependent species. The aim of this study was to learn how tropical forest restoration treatments interact with landscape tree cover to affect the structure and composition of a diverse bird assemblage. We sampled bird communities over two years in 13 restoration sites and two old-growth forests in southern Costa Rica. Restoration sites were established on degraded farmlands in a variety of landscape contexts, and each included a 0.25-ha plantation, island treatment (trees planted in patches), and unplanted control. We analyzed four attributes of bird communities including frugivore abundance, nectarivore abundance, migrant insectivore richness, and compositional similarity of bird communities in restoration plots to bird communities in old-growth forests. All four bird community variables were greater in plantations and/or islands than in control treatments. Frugivore and nectarivore abundance decreased with increasing tree cover in the landscape surrounding restoration plots, whereas compositional similarity to old-growth forests was greatest in plantations embedded in landscapes with high tree cover. Migrant insectivore richness was unaffected by landscape tree cover. Our results agree with previous studies showing that increasing levels of investment in active restoration are positively related to bird richness and abundance, but differences in the effects of landscape tree cover on foraging guilds and community composition suggest that trade-offs between biodiversity conservation and bird-mediated ecosystem functioning may be important for prioritizing restoration sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Leighton Reid
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Chase D. Mendenhall
- Center for Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - J. Abel Rosales
- Organization for Tropical Studies, San Vito de Coto Brus, Costa Rica
| | - Rakan A. Zahawi
- Organization for Tropical Studies, San Vito de Coto Brus, Costa Rica
| | - Karen D. Holl
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
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18
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Martins VF, Cazotto LPD, Santos FAMD. Dispersal spectrum of four forest types along an altitudinal range of the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s1676-06020140003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In ecological communities, the proportion of plant species with different dispersal syndromes is known as the dispersal spectrum, which can result from different selective pressures such as climate. This is because variations in temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure and precipitation result in distinct flora and fauna among different sites. If climate conditions along an altitudinal range act as a strong direct or indirect selective pressure on dispersal syndromes, the dispersal spectrum among plant communities in different altitudes should be distinct. We organized the dispersal syndromes in five hierarchical levels according to the levels of detail in diaspore morphology and, consequently, different degrees of specificity to the dispersers. Then we identified, within each hierarchical level, the syndromes of tree species of four forest types of the Atlantic Rainforest along a 1200 m altitudinal range in Southeast Brazil. Among 327 species, we found two syndromes in the most general hierarchical level (abiotic and biotic dispersal), three in the following level (wind, self and animal), three in the intermediate level (barochory, autochory and endozoochory), two in the forth level (mammal and bird), and 12 syndromes in the most specific level, all of which were related to the morphology of diaspores dispersed by wind, autochory, mammals and birds. The dispersal spectrum in the five hierarchical levels was similar among the four forest types. Overall, the majority of species is dispersed by biotic agents, considered here as animals and the parent plant itself. Within biotic agents, the most important are animals, specifically birds. Most bird-dispersed species present drupoid diaspores. Our results indicate that the selective pressures on dispersal syndromes originated from climate conditions that vary with altitude are not strong, hence resulting in the same dispersal spectrum among the forest types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Forni Martins
- University of Campinas, Brazil; University of Campinas, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Brazil
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19
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Zhang H, Chu LM. Seed rain and seedling survival are major factors limiting vegetation regeneration on rehabilitated quarries. LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11355-013-0231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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Morales JM, García D, Martínez D, Rodriguez-Pérez J, Herrera JM. Frugivore behavioural details matter for seed dispersal: a multi-species model for cantabrian thrushes and trees. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65216. [PMID: 23776452 PMCID: PMC3679117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal movement and behaviour is fundamental for ecosystem functioning. The process of seed dispersal by frugivorous animals is a showcase for this paradigm since their behaviour shapes the spatial patterns of the earliest stage of plant regeneration. However, we still lack a general understanding of how intrinsic (frugivore and plant species traits) and extrinsic (landscape features) factors interact to determine how seeds of a given species are more likely to be deposited in some places more than in others. We develop a multi-species mechanistic model of seed dispersal based on frugivore behavioural responses to landscape heterogeneity. The model was fitted to data from three-years of spatially-explicit field observations on the behaviour of six frugivorous thrushes and the fruiting patterns of three fleshy-fruited trees in a secondary forest of the Cantabrian range (N Spain). With such model we explore how seed rain patterns arise from the interaction between animal behaviour and landscape heterogeneity. We show that different species of thrushes respond differently to landscape heterogeneity even though they belong to the same genus, and that provide complementary seed dispersal functions. Simulated seed rain patterns are only realistic when at least some landscape heterogeneity (forest cover and fruit abundance) is taken into account. The common and simple approach of re-sampling movement data to quantify seed dispersal produces biases in both the distance and the habitat at which seeds arrive. Movement behaviour not only affects dispersal distance and seed rain patterns but also can affect frugivore diet composition even if there is no built-in preference for fruiting species. In summary, the fate of seeds produced by a given plant species is strongly affected by both the composition of the frugivore assemblage and the landscape-scale context of the plant location, including the presence of fruits from other plants (from the same or different species).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Morales
- Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA-CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Black River, Argentina.
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Plein M, Längsfeld L, Neuschulz EL, Schultheiß C, Ingmann L, Töpfer T, Böhning-Gaese K, Schleuning M. Constant properties of plant–frugivore networks despite fluctuations in fruit and bird communities in space and time. Ecology 2013; 94:1296-306. [DOI: 10.1890/12-1213.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Markl JS, Schleuning M, Forget PM, Jordano P, Lambert JE, Traveset A, Wright SJ, Böhning-Gaese K. Meta-analysis of the effects of human disturbance on seed dispersal by animals. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2012; 26:1072-81. [PMID: 22971077 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01927.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Animal-mediated seed dispersal is important for sustaining biological diversity in forest ecosystems, particularly in the tropics. Forest fragmentation, hunting, and selective logging modify forests in myriad ways and their effects on animal-mediated seed dispersal have been examined in many case studies. However, the overall effects of different types of human disturbance on animal-mediated seed dispersal are still unknown. We identified 35 articles that provided 83 comparisons of animal-mediated seed dispersal between disturbed and undisturbed forests; all comparisons except one were conducted in tropical or subtropical ecosystems. We assessed the effects of forest fragmentation, hunting, and selective logging on seed dispersal of fleshy-fruited tree species. We carried out a meta-analysis to test whether forest fragmentation, hunting, and selective logging affected 3 components of animal-mediated seed dispersal: frugivore visitation rate, number of seeds removed, and distance of seed dispersal. Forest fragmentation, hunting, and selective logging did not affect visitation rate and were marginally associated with a reduction in seed-dispersal distance. Hunting and selective logging, but not fragmentation, were associated with a large reduction in the number of seeds removed. Fewer seeds of large-seeded than of small-seeded tree species were removed in hunted or selectively logged forests. A plausible explanation for the consistently negative effects of hunting and selective logging on large-seeded plant species is that large frugivores, as the predominant seed dispersers for large-seeded plant species, are the first animals to be extirpated from hunted or logged forests. The reduction in forest area after fragmentation appeared to have weaker effects on frugivore communities and animal-mediated seed dispersal than hunting and selective logging. The differential effects of hunting and selective logging on large- and small-seeded tree species underpinned case studies that showed disrupted plant-frugivore interactions could trigger a homogenization of seed traits in tree communities in hunted or logged tropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Markl
- Biodiversity, Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
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Albrecht J, Neuschulz EL, Farwig N. Impact of habitat structure and fruit abundance on avian seed dispersal and fruit predation. Basic Appl Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Menke S, Böhning-Gaese K, Schleuning M. Plant-frugivore networks are less specialized and more robust at forest-farmland edges than in the interior of a tropical forest. OIKOS 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.20210.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yoshikawa T, Isagi Y. Dietary breadth of frugivorous birds in relation to their feeding strategies in the lowland forests of central Honshu, Japan. OIKOS 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19888.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Duarte L, Carlucci M, Fontana C, Hartz S, Pillar V. Plant diaspore traits as indicators of mutualistic interactions in woody vegetation patches developing into a grassland-forest mosaic. COMMUNITY ECOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1556/comec.12.2011.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Neuschulz EL, Botzat A, Farwig N. Effects of forest modification on bird community composition and seed removal in a heterogeneous landscape in South Africa. OIKOS 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19097.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pulp–seed attachment is a dominant variable explaining legitimate seed dispersal: a case study on woolly monkeys. Oecologia 2011; 166:693-701. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-011-1926-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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King P, Milicich L, Burns KC. Body size determines rates of seed dispersal by giant king crickets. POPUL ECOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10144-010-0222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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TWIGG LAURIEE, LOWE TIMJ, TAYLOR CATHERINEM, CALVER MIKEC, MARTIN GARYR, STEVENSON CLAIRE, HOW RIC. The potential of seed-eating birds to spread viable seeds of weeds and other undesirable plants. AUSTRAL ECOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2009.01992.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Gosper CR, Vivian-Smith G. Fruit traits of vertebrate-dispersed alien plants: smaller seeds and more pulp sugar than indigenous species. Biol Invasions 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-009-9617-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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DEBUSE VALERIEJ, HOUSE ALANPN, TAYLOR DAVIDW, SWIFT SCOTTA. Landscape structure influences tree density patterns in fragmented woodlands in semi-arid eastern Australia. AUSTRAL ECOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2009.01967.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Yoshikawa T, Isagi Y, Kikuzawa K. Relationships between bird-dispersed plants and avian fruit consumers with different feeding strategies in Japan. Ecol Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-009-0612-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kanowski J, Catterall CP, Neilan W. Potential value of weedy regrowth for rainforest restoration. ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT & RESTORATION 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-8903.2008.00399.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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LAURANCE WILLIAMF, CURRAN TIMOTHYJ. Impacts of wind disturbance on fragmented tropical forests: A review and synthesis. AUSTRAL ECOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2008.01895.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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CATTERALL CARLAP, MCKENNA STEPHEN, KANOWSKI JOHN, PIPER SCOTTD. Do cyclones and forest fragmentation have synergistic effects? A before–after study of rainforest vegetation structure at multiple sites. AUSTRAL ECOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2008.01902.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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BUCKLEY YVONNEM, ANDERSON SANDRA, CATTERALL CARLAP, CORLETT RICHARDT, ENGEL THOMAS, GOSPER CARLR, NATHAN RAN, RICHARDSON DAVIDM, SETTER MELISSA, SPIEGEL ORR, VIVIAN-SMITH GABRIELLE, VOIGT FRIEDERIKEA, WEIR JACQUELINEES, WESTCOTT DAVIDA. Management of plant invasions mediated by frugivore interactions. J Appl Ecol 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01210.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Dennis AJ, Westcott DA. Reducing complexity when studying seed dispersal at community scales: a functional classification of vertebrate seed dispersers in tropical forests. Oecologia 2006; 149:620-34. [PMID: 16858588 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-006-0475-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2006] [Accepted: 05/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The process of seed dispersal has a profound effect on vegetation structure and diversity in tropical forests. However, our understanding of the process and our ability to predict its outcomes at a community scale are limited by the frequently large number of interactions associated with it. Here, we outline an approach to dealing with this complexity that reduces the number of unique interactions considered by classifying the participants according to their functional similarity. We derived a classification of dispersers based on the nature of the dispersal service they provide to plants. We described the quantities of fruit handled, the quality of handling and the diversity of plants to which the service is provided. We used ten broad disperser traits to group 26 detailed measures for each disperser. We then applied this approach to vertebrate dispersers in Australia's tropical forests. Using this we also develop a classification that may be more generally applicable. For each disperser, data relating to each trait was obtained either from the field or published literature. First, we identified dispersers whose service outcomes were so distinct that statistical analysis was not required and assigned them to functional groups. The remaining dispersers were assigned to functional groups using cluster analysis. The combined processes created 15 functional groups from 65 vertebrate dispersers in Australian tropical forests. Our approach--grouping dispersers on the basis of the type of dispersal service provided and the fruit types it is provided to--represents a means of reducing the complexity encountered in tropical seed dispersal systems and could be effectively applied in community level studies. It also represents a useful tool for exploring changes in dispersal services when the distribution and abundance of animal populations change due to human impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Dennis
- CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems and the Rainforest CRC, P.O. Box 780, Atherton, QLD, 4883, Australia.
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KITAMURA S, YUMOTO T, POONSWAD P, CHUAILUA P, PLONGMAI K, NOMA N, MARUHASHI T, WOHANDEE P. Fruit-frugivore interactions in a moist evergreen forest of Khao Yai National Park in Thailand. TROPICS 2005. [DOI: 10.3759/tropics.14.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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