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Kangalgil M, Sahinler A, Kırkbir IB, Ozcelik AO. Associations of maternal characteristics and dietary factors with anemia and iron-deficiency in pregnancy. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2021; 50:102137. [PMID: 33838301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2021.102137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anemia and iron deficiency during pregnancy influence maternal and fetal health, birth outcomes, and the risk of chronic disease in offspring. This study aimed to examine the association with sociodemographic, maternal factors, supplement use and dietary intakes, and anemia and iron deficiency in pregnancy. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 165 pregnant women aged between 19 and 45 years who were interviewed, and dietary intake was assessed by 24-hours dietary recall, supplement records and food frequency questionnaire. Learning Vector Quantization feature selection method which is one of the machine learning techniques was used to extract important variables from sociodemographic, maternal, and dietary factors. RESULTS The prevalence of anemia was 15.2% and prevalence of iron deficiency was 65.5%. Total intake of iron, phosphorus, vitamin B1 and B2 were importance factors for iron deficiency while age, number of births, use of folic acid supplement, dietary folate equivalent and total iron intake were importance factors for anemia. CONCLUSIONS Maternal and dietary characteristics were the most crucial risk factors for anemia while dietary factors were the most important risk factor for iron deficiency in pregnancy. The development of anemia and iron deficiency is associated with the coexistence of many nutrient deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melda Kangalgil
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Ayhan Sahinler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trabzon Numune Training and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Bucan Kırkbir
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ayse Ozfer Ozcelik
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Pados BF, Fuller K. Establishing a Foundation for Optimal Feeding Outcomes in the NICU. Nurs Womens Health 2020; 24:202-209. [PMID: 32387143 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwh.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many infants in the NICU experience difficulties with oral feeding, which contribute to prolonged length of stay. Oral feeding is a complex task involving sensorimotor functioning of the face, mouth, and larynx, as well as coordination of sucking, swallowing, and breathing. The care provided in the NICU starting at birth sets the stage for future oral feeding. The purpose of this article is to describe strategies that will establish a positive foundation to support optimal oral feeding. Nurses can use these strategies to protect newborns from noxious stimuli and promote positive auditory, tactile, gustatory, and olfactory experiences to optimize neurodevelopment for the complex task of feeding.
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Konstantinidis D, Dimitropoulos K, Langlet B, Daras P, Ioakimidis I. Validation of a Deep Learning System for the Full Automation of Bite and Meal Duration Analysis of Experimental Meal Videos. Nutrients 2020; 12:E209. [PMID: 31941145 PMCID: PMC7020058 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating behavior can have an important effect on, and be correlated with, obesity and eating disorders. Eating behavior is usually estimated through self-reporting measures, despite their limitations in reliability, based on ease of collection and analysis. A better and widely used alternative is the objective analysis of eating during meals based on human annotations of in-meal behavioral events (e.g., bites). However, this methodology is time-consuming and often affected by human error, limiting its scalability and cost-effectiveness for large-scale research. To remedy the latter, a novel "Rapid Automatic Bite Detection" (RABiD) algorithm that extracts and processes skeletal features from videos was trained in a video meal dataset (59 individuals; 85 meals; three different foods) to automatically measure meal duration and bites. In these settings, RABiD achieved near perfect agreement between algorithmic and human annotations (Cohen's kappa κ = 0.894; F1-score: 0.948). Moreover, RABiD was used to analyze an independent eating behavior experiment (18 female participants; 45 meals; three different foods) and results showed excellent correlation between algorithmic and human annotations. The analyses revealed that, despite the changes in food (hash vs. meatballs), the total meal duration remained the same, while the number of bites were significantly reduced. Finally, a descriptive meal-progress analysis revealed that different types of food affect bite frequency, although overall bite patterns remain similar (the outcomes were the same for RABiD and manual). Subjects took bites more frequently at the beginning and the end of meals but were slower in-between. On a methodological level, RABiD offers a valid, fully automatic alternative to human meal-video annotations for the experimental analysis of human eating behavior, at a fraction of the cost and the required time, without any loss of information and data fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kosmas Dimitropoulos
- Visual Computing Lab, CERTH-ITI, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.K.); (K.D.); (P.D.)
| | - Billy Langlet
- Innovative Use of Mobile Phones to Promote Physical Activity and Nutrition across the Lifespan (the IMPACT) Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Petros Daras
- Visual Computing Lab, CERTH-ITI, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.K.); (K.D.); (P.D.)
| | - Ioannis Ioakimidis
- Innovative Use of Mobile Phones to Promote Physical Activity and Nutrition across the Lifespan (the IMPACT) Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Stockholm, Sweden;
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Barreiro R, Díaz-Bao M, Cepeda A, Regal P, Fente CA. Fatty acid composition of breast milk in Galicia (NW Spain): A cross-country comparison. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 135:102-114. [PMID: 30103921 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Based on the premise that the fatty acid composition of human milk can be substantially altered by diet, the current study investigated the fatty acid profile (fattyacidome) of breast milk in Galicia, a small region located in the north-west of Spain and characterized by the Southern European Atlantic Diet (SEAD). A cross-country comparison was also performed to assess worldwide variety and diet impact, reviewing the profiles reported various European, North and South American, Asian and African countries and Australia. Galician human milk appeared similar to the rest of Europe, with some particular features related to the SEAD (dairy, pork, beef and sunflower and olive oils), such as relatively high levels of linoleic acid and lower α-linolenic acid. The results also showed the existence of woman-specific profiles and significant changes over lactation in some fatty acids. Worldwide, the fatty acid profiles were similar, with the clear exception of Asiatic breast milk. The impact of fatty acids on infant health warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Barreiro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - M Díaz-Bao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - A Cepeda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - P Regal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.
| | - C A Fente
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
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Pounis G, Bonanni A, Ruggiero E, Di Castelnuovo A, Costanzo S, Persichillo M, Bonaccio M, Cerletti C, Riccardi G, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Iacoviello L. Food group consumption in an Italian population using the updated food classification system FoodEx2: Results from the Italian Nutrition & HEalth Survey (INHES) study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:307-328. [PMID: 28274729 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Dietary habits evolve over time, being influenced by many factors and complex interactions. This work aimed at evaluating the updated information on food group consumption in Italy. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 8944 (4768 women and 4176 men) participants aged >18 years from all over Italy recruited in 2010-13 (Italian Nutrition & HEalth Survey, INHES) was analyzed. The recruitment was performed using computer-assisted-telephone-interviewing and one-day 24-h dietary recall retrieved from all participants. The updated, second version, of FoodEx2 food classification system was applied to extract data on food group consumption. The participation rate was 53%; 6.2% of the participants declared to follow a special diet, the most prevalent being hypo-caloric diets (55.7% of special diets). Men compared to women presented significantly higher intakes of "grains and grain-based products", "meat and meat products", "animal and vegetable fats and oils and primary derivatives" and "alcoholic beverages" (P for all<0.001); moreover, men had lower intakes of "milk and dairy products", "water and water-based beverages" and "products for non-standard diets, food imitates and food supplements" (P for all<0.001). Differences in food group intake among age groups, geographical regions and educational level groups were also identified (P for all<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Data on the consumption of more than 70 food groups and sub-groups were illustrated in different strata. The present analysis could be considered as an updated source of information for future nutrition research in Italy and in the EU.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pounis
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - A Bonanni
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - E Ruggiero
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - A Di Castelnuovo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - S Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - M Persichillo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - M Bonaccio
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - C Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - G Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - M B Donati
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - G de Gaetano
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - L Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.
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Farooq M, Sazonov E. Segmentation and Characterization of Chewing Bouts by Monitoring Temporalis Muscle Using Smart Glasses With Piezoelectric Sensor. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2016; 21:1495-1503. [PMID: 28113335 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2016.2640142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Several methods have been proposed for automatic and objective monitoring of food intake, but their performance suffers in the presence of speech and motion artifacts. This paper presents a novel sensor system and algorithms for detection and characterization of chewing bouts from a piezoelectric strain sensor placed on the temporalis muscle. The proposed data acquisition device was incorporated into the temple of eyeglasses. The system was tested by ten participants in two part experiments, one under controlled laboratory conditions and the other in unrestricted free-living. The proposed food intake recognition method first performed an energy-based segmentation to isolate candidate chewing segments (instead of using epochs of fixed duration commonly reported in research literature), with the subsequent classification of the segments by linear support vector machine models. On participant level (combining data from both laboratory and free-living experiments), with ten-fold leave-one-out cross-validation, chewing were recognized with average F-score of 96.28% and the resultant area under the curve was 0.97, which are higher than any of the previously reported results. A multivariate regression model was used to estimate chew counts from segments classified as chewing with an average mean absolute error of 3.83% on participant level. These results suggest that the proposed system is able to identify chewing segments in the presence of speech and motion artifacts, as well as automatically and accurately quantify chewing behavior, both under controlled laboratory conditions and unrestricted free-living.
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Hartmann‐Boyce J, Aveyard P, Koshiaris C, Jebb SA. Development of tools to study personal weight control strategies: OxFAB taxonomy. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:314-20. [PMID: 26748902 PMCID: PMC4744943 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the development of the Oxford Food and Activity Behaviors (OxFAB) taxonomy and questionnaire to explore the cognitive and behavioral strategies used by individuals during weight management attempts. METHODS The taxonomy was constructed through a qualitative analysis of existing resources and a review of existing behavior change taxonomies and theories. The taxonomy was translated into a questionnaire to identify strategies used by individuals. Think-aloud interviews were conducted to test the face/concept validity of the questionnaire, and test-retest reliability was assessed in a sample of 138 participants. RESULTS The OxFAB taxonomy consists of 117 strategies grouped into 23 domains. Compared to taxonomies used to describe interventions, around half of the domains and strategies identified are unique to the OxFAB taxonomy. The OxFAB questionnaire consists of 117 questions, one for each strategy from the taxonomy. Test-retest resulted in a mean PABAK score of 0.61 (SD 0.15). Questions were revised where appropriate. CONCLUSIONS The OxFAB taxonomy and questionnaire provide a conceptual framework to identify the cognitive and behavioral strategies used by individuals during attempts at weight control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Aveyard
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Susan A. Jebb
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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Pegorini V, Karam LZ, Pitta CSR, Cardoso R, da Silva JCC, Kalinowski HJ, Ribeiro R, Bertotti FL, Assmann TS. In Vivo Pattern Classification of Ingestive Behavior in Ruminants Using FBG Sensors and Machine Learning. Sensors (Basel) 2015; 15:28456-71. [PMID: 26569250 PMCID: PMC4701289 DOI: 10.3390/s151128456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pattern classification of ingestive behavior in grazing animals has extreme importance in studies related to animal nutrition, growth and health. In this paper, a system to classify chewing patterns of ruminants in in vivo experiments is developed. The proposal is based on data collected by optical fiber Bragg grating sensors (FBG) that are processed by machine learning techniques. The FBG sensors measure the biomechanical strain during jaw movements, and a decision tree is responsible for the classification of the associated chewing pattern. In this study, patterns associated with food intake of dietary supplement, hay and ryegrass were considered. Additionally, two other important events for ingestive behavior were monitored: rumination and idleness. Experimental results show that the proposed approach for pattern classification is capable of differentiating the five patterns involved in the chewing process with an overall accuracy of 94%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Pegorini
- Federal University of Technology-Paraná, Pato Branco-PR 85503-390, Brazil.
| | - Leandro Zen Karam
- Federal University of Technology-Paraná, Pato Branco-PR 85503-390, Brazil.
- Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil.
| | | | - Rafael Cardoso
- Federal University of Technology-Paraná, Pato Branco-PR 85503-390, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Richardson Ribeiro
- Federal University of Technology-Paraná, Pato Branco-PR 85503-390, Brazil.
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Wüenstel JW, Kowalkowska J, Wądołowska L, Słowińska MA, Niedźwiedzka E, Kurp L. Habitual eating of breakfast, consumption frequency of selected food and overweight prevalence in adolescents from various age groups. Dev Period Med 2015; 19:193-201. [PMID: 26384123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess the influence of eating breakfast on the consumption of selected food and overweight prevalence among adolescents from different age groups. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study group consisted of students aged 13-18.9 (n=1700). Their height and weight measurements were used to calculate their body mass index and interpreted according to international standards for adolescents. Food consumption was assessed via the frequency method and involved the consumption of breakfast, dietary "bre and sweetened beverages. We used Block's validated questionnaire to assess the intake of dietary "bre and its sources. Analysis of the results was carried out in three age groups: 13-14.9, 15-16.9 and 17-18.9 years old. We used one-factor logistic regression adjusted by gender. RESULTS The percentage of adolescents with a regular habit of eating breakfast dropped by 5.7 percentage points when compared to adolescents aged 13-14.9 and 17-18.9 (from 54.2% to 48.5%), which was a phenomenon accompanied by an increase in the percentage of adolescents who ate breakfast irregularly or hardly ever (by 3.7 and 1.9 percentage points, respectively). Eating breakfast infrequently was related to a more frequent consumption of sweetened beverages (the odds ratio: from 2.32 to 2.67 depending on the age group) and a higher prevalence of a "bre-poor diet (from 1.49 to 2.23). Among adolescents aged 13-14.9 who hardly ever ate breakfast, the chance of being overweight increased by 83% in comparison to adolescents with regular habits of eating breakfast. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of eating breakfast decreased with the adolescents' age, especially among girls. Eating breakfast infrequently was associated with unhealthy nutrition, typical examples of which are lower intake of dietary "bre and more frequent consumption of sweetened beverages, and in the youngest group of adolescents caused a higher prevalence of overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Kowalkowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Lidia Wądołowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Niedźwiedzka
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Lidia Kurp
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
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Tsuruya K, Fukuma S, Wakita T, Ninomiya T, Nagata M, Yoshida H, Fujimi S, Kiyohara Y, Kitazono T, Uchida K, Shirota T, Akizawa T, Akiba T, Saito A, Fukuhara S. Dietary patterns and clinical outcomes in hemodialysis patients in Japan: a cohort study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116677. [PMID: 25607947 PMCID: PMC4301814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Objectives Little is known about actual dietary patterns and their associations with clinical outcomes in hemodialysis patients. We identified dietary patterns in hemodialysis patients in Japan and examined associations between dietary patterns and clinical outcomes. Design, setting, participants, measurements We used data from 3,080 general-population participants in the Hisayama study (year 2007), and data from 1,355 hemodialysis patients in the Japan Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (JDOPPS: years 2005–2007). Food intake was measured using a brief self-administered diet-history questionnaire (BDHQ). To identify food groups with the Hisayama population data, we used principal components analysis with Promax rotation. We adjusted the resulting food groups for total daily energy intake, and then we used those adjusted food-group scores to identify dietary patterns in the JDOPPS patients by cluster analysis (Ward’s method). We then used Cox regression to examine the association between dietary patterns and a composite of adverse clinical outcomes: hospitalization due to cardiovascular disease or death due to any cause. Results We identified three food groups: meat, fish, and vegetables. Using those groups we then identified three dietary patterns: well-balanced, unbalanced, and other. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found an association between an unbalanced diet and important clinical events (hazard ratio 1.90, 95% C.I. 1.19–3.04). Conclusions Hemodialysis patients whose diet was unbalanced were more likely to have adverse clinical outcomes. Thus hemodialysis patients might benefit not only from portion control, but also from a diet that is well-balanced diet with regard to the food groups identified here as meat, fish, and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Tsuruya
- Department of Integrated Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shingo Fukuma
- Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for Health Outcomes and Process Evaluation Research (iHope International), Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Innovative Research for Communities and Clinical Excellence, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | - Toshiharu Ninomiya
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nagata
- Community Medicine Education Unit, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hisako Yoshida
- Department of Integrated Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Yutaka Kiyohara
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Uchida
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Nakamura-Gakuen University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shirota
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Nakamura-Gakuen University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tadao Akizawa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Akiba
- Department of Blood Purification and Internal Medicine, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Saito
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis Center, Shonantobu General Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shunichi Fukuhara
- Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Innovative Research for Communities and Clinical Excellence, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Gajda K, Sulich A, Hamułka J, Białkowska A. Comparing diabetic with non-diabetic overweight subjects through assessing dietary intakes and key parameters of blood biochemistry and haematology. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig 2014; 65:133-138. [PMID: 25272580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An important way of preventing type 2 diabetes is by adopting a proper diet by which means appropriate control over blood glycaemia and lipids can be achieved. OBJECTIVES To assess selected biochemical and haematological markers in overweight subjects or those suffering from type 2 diabetes in relation to their estimated dietary intake. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted in 2012 on n = 86 overweight or obese subjects living in Warsaw or its environs, of whom n = 43 had type 2 diabetes. Dietary intakes were compared between non-diabetics (control group) and diabetics (test group) by 3 day records, whilst the relevant blood biochemistry and haematology results were obtained from medical records; with patient consent. RESULTS Diabetic subjects had significantly higher serum glucose and CRP levels than controls, respectively; 190 vs 98 mg/ dl and 1.4 vs 1.1 mg/dl. Lipid profiles were however more significantly abnormal in controls, compared to diabetics with respectively; total cholesterol 220 vs 194 mg/dl, LDL-cholesterol 131 vs 107 mg/dl and triglycerides 206 vs 157 mg/dl. There were no significant differences in HDL-cholesterol; respectively 55 vs 51 mg/dl. In the diabetics, calorific intakes from carbohydrates, especially sugars, were significantly lower than controls i.e. 9% vs 13%. The proportional share of calories derived from dietary fats did not differ between groups, nevertheless a positive correlation was observed between dietary fat content with blood cholesterol concentrations in diabetics. CONCLUSIONS Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism were confirmed in both overweight and diabetic (type 2) subjects. In addition, both groups demonstrated untoward lipid profiles that correlated with their improper nutrition.
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Kantorowicz M, Olszewska-Czyż I, Kolarzyk E, Chomyszyn-Gajewska M. Influence of diet on oral health in young adults--pilot study. Przegl Lek 2014; 71:505-511. [PMID: 25826970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diet is a factor that can modify, among others, the course of caries, dental erosive lesions and periodontal disease. It is important to know the influence of diet on the clinical oral condition in young adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS 20 women and 20 men aged 19-21 participated in the study. During a clinical examination of the patients the following clinical indices were estimated: Ap- proximal Plaque Index (API), Bleeding on Probing (BOP) and DMFT indices. The frequency and quality of food products consumed were noted in a special questionnaire. Results with p ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS The average API value for the female participants was 77.37%, BOP--23.84% and DMFT--9.9. The t-test results for independent samples showed that women who consumed meat and meat products two times a week or more, had statistically higher API (p = 0.01) and BOP (p = 0.05) values, than the mean value for these indexes. Women who consumed grain products and grain-based products two times a week or more, had higher API values compared to the mean value for this index (p = 0.02). The average API value for the male participants was 34.25%, BOP--10.15% and DMFT--9.05, respectively. Men who consumed milk and dairy products three times a week or less had statistically lower API (p = 0.05) and BOP values (p = 0.02), relative to the mean index values. CONCLUSIONS The chemical composition and texture of the food intake can affect oral health. Besides instruction in oral hygiene, doctors and dentists should also assess the eating habits of their patients.
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Antoniazzi CE, López JA, Duré M, Falico DA. [Feeding of two amphibian species (Anura: Hylidae) during the low temperatures season and its relationship with energy storage in Santa Fe, Argentina]. REV BIOL TROP 2013; 61:875-886. [PMID: 23885597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Feeding of two amphibian species (Anura: Hylidae) during the low temperatures season and its relationship with energy storage in Santa Fe, Argentina. In environments with thermal and pluvial seasonality such as those of the Middle Paraná River floodplain (Province of Santa Fe, Argentina), most amphibian species reproduce during the warm season and drastically diminish their activity during winter. Even though, a few species remain active during the cold season, such as Hypsiboas pulchellus that has its reproductive peak during the autumn-winter period (and the consequent energy demand). The objective of this study was to analyze and compare the feeding and development of fat bodies during the low temperature season for H. pulchellus and Dendropsophus nanus. We analyzed entire gastrointestinal tract contents of both species (H. pulchellus = 110 specimens; D. nanus = 114 specimens) and applied an index (IRI%) that combines prey abundance, volume and frequency to describe frogs diets; we used fat bodies weights as indicators of stored energy reserves. We compared diet between species with a niche overlap index (Ojk: 0-1) and used null models to ascribe statistical significance to evaluate overlap; and we analyzed variation in empty guts proportions through months and between species. Also, using ANCOVAs we explored differences in fat bodies, number and volume of prey consumed along months, between species and sexes. The most important preys in H. pulchellus diet during the cold season were Araneae (IRI% = 34.96), Chironomidae (IRI% = 33.08), Tipulidae (IRI% = 11.44) and Gryllidae (IR1% = 7.31); while for D. nanus, Chironomidae (IR1% = 48.14), Tipulidae (IRI% = 18.41), Psychodidae (IRI% = 7.44) and Araneae (IRI% = 7.34). Diet overlap between species was elevated (Ojk=0.78) and higher than expected by chance (mean simulated indices: Ojk = 0.04; p[observed > or = expected]<0.01; p[observed < or = expected] = 1). In H. pulchellus there was a monthly variation in number of prey per gut, while in D. nanus there was a difference in fat bodies development between sexes. Fat bodies development, number of prey per gut and preys volume also varied between species. Despite diet similarity between H. pulchellus and D. nanus, each species showed a different strategy to accumulate energy and support their activity during the cold season. The low rate of gastrointestinal emptiness in H. pulchellus (< 10% in any analyzed month) together with the poor development of their fat bodies, allows us to point out that, to sustain the breeding elevated energy demands, this species continues with a high feeding rate even at the low temperatures of cold season. On the other hand, the rate of gastrointestinal emptiness of D. nanus was higher than that of H. pulchellus (May = 17.24%, July = 22.22% and August = 35.71%), while their fat bodies were well developed. Thus, D. nanus would depend more on their stored reserves to sustain the energy demands of being active during the low temperatures season and hence would reach the reproductive season in spring-summer in good body condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Elizabet Antoniazzi
- Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje el Pozo S/N (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Chola L, Fadnes LT, Engebretsen IMS, Tumwine JK, Tylleskar T, Robberstad B. Infant feeding survival and Markov transition probabilities among children under age 6 months in Uganda. Am J Epidemiol 2013; 177:453-62. [PMID: 23384876 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kws254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Infant feeding studies are typically presented as single-event models, without considering the dynamic nature of feeding. We analyzed the determinants of infant feeding duration using both single- and multiple-event Cox regression models. The Cox model was compared with parametric survival models, which were used to estimate feeding-state transition probabilities. Data were taken from a community randomized trial promoting exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in Uganda from 2005 to 2008. Peer counselors visited intervention mothers once antenatally and 4 times after birth. Results showed that children in the control group were more likely to be switched from exclusive breastfeeding (EBF)/predominant breastfeeding (PBF) to mixed feeding (MF)/replacement feeding (RF). Children in intervention clusters (hazard ratio = 0.33, 95% confidence interval: 0.26, 0.42) and rural areas (hazard ratio = 0.79, 95% confidence interval: 0.63, 0.99) had a lower risk of EBF/PBF cessation. Based on the Akaike Information Criterion, parametric models were better fitted than the Cox model. The analytical approach to assessing infant feeding duration used in this study takes into account transitions between feeding categories, allowing for multiple events. This will enhance understanding of infant feeding practices and give policy-makers a better picture of the versatility of infant feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumbwe Chola
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Janas-Kozik M, Zejda J, Stochel M, Brozek G, Janas A, Jelonek I. [Orthorexia--a new diagnosis?]. Psychiatr Pol 2012; 46:441-450. [PMID: 23045897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Orthorexia nervosa (Greek: ortho--correct, right; orexis--appetite, desire) is a term introduced in 1997 by the American doctor Steven Bratman and is defined as a pathological fixation with righteous and healthy eating. Clear classification criteria oforthorexia have not been developed yet and there has been an on-going discussion whether it belongs to the group of eating disorders or the obsessive-compulsive disorders. AIM The aim of this paper is to summarise briefly the current state of knowledge regarding orthorexia and to point out the difficulties connected with an attempt to classify it in a given disorders group as well as with the attempt to establish the classification criteria. DISCUSSION Despite the fact that the problem of orthorexia has been signalled in the Polish media, it has neither been discussed nor published in the Polish medical literature yet. Orthorexia starts when a diet becomes an escape from life--everyday activities are dominated by planning, buying and preparing "proper" meals. Each departure from this regime causes anxiety and guilty conscience and leads to even further tightening of the dietary habits. According to Bratmann, orthorexia is connected with an illusory feeling of safety (preventing from diseases), the urge to exercise a full control over one's life (elimination of the unpredictable), "a hidden conformism" (eating philosophy helps in a subconscious way to achieve a culturally accepted model of a beautiful body), a search for spirituality and identity, and a desire for self-deprivation. CONCLUSIONS The arguments presented in this paper substantiate the expediency of implementing the epidemiological studies which will show the scale of the problem, its prevalence and conditionings. Data obtained in this way should facilitate the verification of classification criteria and will also help to formulate the diagnostic criteria of orthorexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Janas-Kozik
- Oddział Psychiatrii i Psychoterapii Wieku Rozwojowego Centrum Pediatrii im. Jana Pawła II w Sosnowcu
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Tian Y, Min J, Liu P, Sun J. [Clustering analysis on the dietary patterns of residents in Jiangsu Province]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2011; 40:771-775. [PMID: 22279676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using clustering analysis to classify the dietary patterns of residents. METHODS Analysis of dietary survey data in 2002 of 3938 permanent residents selected from Jiangsu Province was performed by a fast clustering program (fastclus) in SAS 9.1 to explore the clusters of dietary patterns. RESULTS Three dietary patterns were identified as: I Traditional mode, II Western mode and III Balanced diets mode. The food consumption of different dietary patterns analyzed by multivariate analysis was statistically significant (F = 521.34, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Clustering analysis can be used as a kind of method for the study of dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- School of Public Health, Southest University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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17
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Ortega I, Martín A, Díaz Y. [Distribution, population parameters, and diet of Astropecten marginatus (Asteroidea: Astropectinidae) in the Venezuelan Atlantic coast]. REV BIOL TROP 2011; 59:53-69. [PMID: 21516638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Astropecten marginatus is a sea star widely distributed in Northern and Eastern South America, found on sandy and muddy bottoms, in shallow and deep waters. To describe some of its ecological characteristics, we calculated it spatial-temporal distribution, population parameters (based on size and weight) and diet in the Orinoco Delta ecoregion (Venezuela). The ecoregion was divided in three sections: Golfo de Paria, Boca de Serpiente and Plataforma Deltana. Samples for the rainy and dry seasons came from megabenthos surveys of the "Línea Base Ambiental Plataforma Deltana (LBAPD)" and "Corocoro Fase I (CFI)" projects. The collected sea stars were measured, weighted and dissected by the oral side to extract their stomach and identify the preys consumed. A total of 570 sea stars were collected in LBAPD project and 306 in CFI one. The highest densities were found during the dry season in almost all sections. In LBAPD project the highest density was in "Plataforma Deltana" section (0.007 +/- 0.022 ind/m2 in dry season and 0.014 +/- 0.06 ind/m2 in rainy season) and in the CFI project the densities in "Golfo de Paria" section were 0.705 +/- 0.829 ind/m2 in rainy season and 1.027 +/- 1.107 ind/m2 in dry season. The most frequent size range was 3.1-4.6cm. The highest biomass was found in "Golfo de Paria" section (7.581 +/- 0.018 mg/m2 in dry season and 0.005 +/- 6.542 x 10(-06) mg/m2 in rainy season for 2004-2005 and 3.979 +/- 4.024 mg/m2 in dry season; and 3.117 +/- 3.137 mg/m2 in rainy season for 2006). A linear relationship was found between the sea star size and its weight but no relationship was observed between its size and the depth where it was collected. Mollusks are dominant in the sea star diet (47.4% in abundance). The diet in any of the sections, seasons or between projects or size class was heterogeneous, using multivariate ordinations (MDS) and SIMPER analysis and there was no difference in the prey number or food elements that a sea star can eat. Although A. marginatus has been described as a predator, in this study were also inferred scavenger and detritivorous habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Ortega
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Departamento de Estudios Ambientales, Centro de Biodiversidad Marina, Laboratorio de Crustáceos Peracáridos, Apdo. 89000, Caracas 1086-A, Venezuela.
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Bronkowska M, Martynowicz H, Zmich K, Szuba A, Biernat J, Andrzejak R. [Eating habits of obese patients with diagnosed hypertension]. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig 2010; 61:75-81. [PMID: 20803904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was aimed, therefore, at investigating eating habits of patients with diagnosed arterial hypertension of the Clinic of Occupational Diseases and Arterial Hypertension, Clinical Hospital of the Medical Academy in Wrocław. It covered 52 persons with diagnosed arterial hypertension--patients of the Clinic of Occupational Diseases and Arterial Hypertension, Clinical Hospital of the Medical Academy in Wrocław. Evaluation of their eating habits was conducted with the use of an original, standardized questionnaire elaborated at the Chair of Human Nutrition, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences. Amongst examined patients 12.9% of men and 33.3% of women were eating 4 meals, 5 meals--5% of women and 3% of men, and more than 5 meals--3.2% of men. It was demonstrated that the majority of sick persons have eaten the white wheat bread. It concerned over 33% women and 58% men. Close 29% patients vegetables were found in a diet in 3 portions, at 14% of them--in 4 portions, however almost 10% ill women ate 5 portions of vegetables mane. About 38% women provided with only 2 portions of vegetables per day, and 10%--only one. The appropriate supply of fruits realized 81% of women and 78% of men. Irregular consumptions of the milk and dairy products declared 67% women and 48% men. It is recommended the alteration of the warehouse of the nutritional rations ill from the arterial hypertension consists for increasing cereals in the diet of the participation of solid meal, leguminous seeds, vegetables and fruits and reducing the share of animal fats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bronkowska
- Zakład Zywienia Człowieka, Katedra Technologii Rolnej i Przechowalnictwa, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu.
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Bardolia P, Burnside G, Ashcroft A, Milosevic A, Goodfellow SA, Rolfe EA, Pine CM. Prevalence and Risk Indicators of Erosion in Thirteen- to Fourteen-Year-Olds on the Isle of Man. Caries Res 2010; 44:165-8. [PMID: 20453505 DOI: 10.1159/000314067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Bardolia
- Liverpool University Dental Hospital, Liverpool, UK
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20
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Szczerbński R, Karczewski JK, Siemienkowicz J. [Selected nourishment habits depending on physical activity of 14-16 year-old teenagers in the north-eastern Poland on the example of Sokolski district]. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig 2010; 61:83-86. [PMID: 20803905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the survey was the evaluation of specific nourishment habits among 14-16 year-old teenagers of a different physical activity in the north-eastern Poland on the example of Sokolski district. The 14-16-year teenagers from secondary school, in Sokolski district (368 boys and 368 girls) were examined. They were chosen at random. The researches were carried out from November to December in 2006-2007 school year by the method of a diagnostic poll with the aid of the anonymous questionnaire. The low percentage of teenagers who declared the proper nourishment habits was stated, and it was observed that the more physically active teenagers were the more of them declared rational nourishment habits within the scope of analyzed nourishment habits.
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Centritto F, Iacoviello L, di Giuseppe R, De Curtis A, Costanzo S, Zito F, Grioni S, Sieri S, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Di Castelnuovo A. Dietary patterns, cardiovascular risk factors and C-reactive protein in a healthy Italian population. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2009; 19:697-706. [PMID: 19303267 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2008.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Revised: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/27/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dietary habits have been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. This study aimed at evaluating the association of non-predefined dietary patterns with CVD risk profile and C-reactive protein (CRP). METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed 7646 healthy subjects from the Moli-sani project, an on-going cross-sectional cohort study of men and women aged >or=35, randomly recruited from a general Italian population. The Italian EPIC food frequency questionnaire was used. Food patterns were generated using principal factor analysis (PFA) and reduced rank regression (RRR). Three dietary patterns were identified by PFA. The "Olive Oil and Vegetables" pattern, characterized by high intake of olive oil, vegetables, legumes, soups, fruits and fish, was associated with relatively lower values of glucose, lipids, CRP, blood pressure and individual global CVD risk score. The "Pasta and Meat" pattern, characterized by high intake of pasta, tomato sauce, red meat, animal fats and alcohol, was positively associated with glucose, lipids, CRP and CVD risk score. The "Eggs and Sweets" pattern, characterized by positive loadings of eggs, processed meat, margarines, butter, sugar and sweets, was associated with high values of CRP. The first RRR pattern was similar to the "Pasta and Meat" pattern both in composition and association with CVD risk profile. CONCLUSIONS In a large healthy Italian population, non-predefined dietary patterns including foods considered to be rather unhealthy, were associated with higher levels of cardiovascular risk factors, CRP and individual global CVD risk, whereas a "prudent-healthy" pattern was associated with lower levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Centritto
- Laboratory of Genetic and Environmental Epidemiology, Research Laboratories, John Paul II Centre for High Technology Research and Education in Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University, Largo Gemelli 1, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
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Kolbert E. XXXL: why are we so fat? New Yorker 2009:73-77. [PMID: 19697500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Abstract
Acrylamide, a probable human carcinogen, is formed during high-temperature cooking of many commonly consumed foods. It is widespread; approximately 30% of calories consumed in the United States are from foods containing acrylamide. In animal studies, acrylamide causes mammary tumors, but it is unknown whether the level of acrylamide in foods affects human breast cancer risk. The authors studied the association between acrylamide intake and breast cancer risk among 90,628 premenopausal women in the Nurses' Health Study II. They calculated acrylamide intake from food frequency questionnaires in 1991, 1995, 1999, and 2003. From 1991 through 2005, they documented 1,179 cases of invasive breast cancer. They used Cox proportional hazards models to assess the association between acrylamide and breast cancer risk. The multivariable-adjusted relative risk of premenopausal breast cancer was 0.92 (95% confidence interval: 0.76, 1.11) for the highest versus the lowest quintile of acrylamide intake (P(trend) = 0.61). Results were similar regardless of smoking status or estrogen and progesterone receptor status of the tumors. The authors found no associations between intakes of foods high in acrylamide, including French fries, coffee, cereal, potato chips, potatoes, and baked goods, and breast cancer risk. They found no evidence that acrylamide intake, within the range of US diets, is associated with increased risk of premenopausal breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Odoms-Young AM, Zenk S, Mason M. Measuring food availability and access in African-American communities: implications for intervention and policy. Am J Prev Med 2009; 36:S145-50. [PMID: 19285205 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2008] [Revised: 12/08/2008] [Accepted: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health concern in the U.S. As compared to whites, minority populations are disproportionately at risk, with the highest prevalence rates of overweight and obesity occurring among African American women. Although researchers and policymakers argue that environmental approaches have the greatest potential to reverse the rising prevalence of obesity, critical gaps remain in our understanding of the complex mechanisms that underlie the associations between neighborhood food environments and weight status. A major challenge has been the need for reliable and valid measures to assess aspects of the neighborhood food environment that encourage or inhibit healthful eating behaviors and weight management. Investigators have made considerable gains in the development of tools and approaches to measure neighborhood food environments overall, but few studies focus on the specific challenges and issues associated with characterizing neighborhood food environments in communities of color. This paper highlights important considerations for measuring food environments in African-American neighborhoods and their implications for developing programmatic and policy solutions to reduce racial disparities in overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Odoms-Young
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
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Huizinga MM, Carlisle AJ, Cavanaugh KL, Davis DL, Gregory RP, Schlundt DG, Rothman RL. Literacy, numeracy, and portion-size estimation skills. Am J Prev Med 2009; 36:324-8. [PMID: 19285197 PMCID: PMC2692952 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Revised: 10/16/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Portion-size estimation is an important component of weight management. Literacy and numeracy skills may be important for accurate portion-size estimation. It was hypothesized that low literacy and numeracy would be associated with decreased accuracy in portion estimation. METHODS A cross-sectional study of primary care patients was performed from July 2006 to August 2007; analyses were performed from January 2008 to October 2008. Literacy and numeracy were assessed with validated measures (the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine and the Wide Range Achievement Test, third edition). For three solid-food items and one liquid item, participants were asked to serve both a single serving and a specified weight or volume amount representing a single serving. Portion-size estimation was considered accurate if it fell within +/-25% of a single standard serving. RESULTS Of 164 participants, 71% were women, 64% were white, and mean (SD) BMI was 30.6 (8.3) kg/m(2). While 91% reported completing high school, 24% had <9th-grade literacy skills and 67% had <9th-grade numeracy skills. When all items were combined, 65% of participants were accurate when asked to serve a single serving, and 62% were accurate when asked to serve a specified amount. In unadjusted analyses, both literacy and numeracy were associated with inaccurate estimation. In multivariate analyses, only lower literacy was associated with inaccuracy in serving a single serving (OR=2.54; 95% CI=1.11, 5.81). CONCLUSIONS In this study, many participants had poor portion-size estimation skills. Lower literacy skills were associated with less accuracy when participants were asked to serve a single serving. Opportunities may exist to improve portion-size estimation by addressing literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Margaret Huizinga
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
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Prescha A, Pieczyńska J, Ilow R, Poreba J, Neubauer K, Smereka A, Grajeta H, Biernat J, Paradowski L. Assessment of dietary intake of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig 2009; 60:185-189. [PMID: 19803452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The dietary intake of patients with irritable bowel syndrome was assessed using 24-h dietary recall. The energy value and nutrient contents in the daily food rations were calculated by Nutritionist IV computer program with the Polish database. Differentiations in the Polish RDA coverage for energy and nutrients were observed in the studied group. Fat, saturated fatty acid, phosphorus and also vitamin A, E and C contents were above the RDA in the patients' daily food ration. The majority of IBS individuals did not meet recommendations for carbohydrate intake. Calcium and cooper intake was below the Polish RDA. The insufficient vitamin B2 intake and excessive Fe supply have been shown in the male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Prescha
- Department of Food Science and Dietetics, Medical University, Wrocław.
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Jagielska G. [Eating disorders of infancy and early childhood]. Przegl Lek 2009; 66:110-113. [PMID: 19485268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Feeding problems are frequently observed among the population of infants and small children. This problems include food refusal, overeating, selective eating and bizarre food habits. That problems might be transient, but they may last for many years among some of children. They could lead to poor weight gain, specific nutritional deficiencies and even failure to thrive. In ICD-10 classification two diagnostic categories regarding eating disorders during this life period have been proposed (Eating disorders and Pica of infancy and early childhood). That criteria are too general though, they don't tell much about etiology and they don't allow to make decision about using specific therapy for the disorder as well. The author presents American authors' propositions regarding more specific categories of feeding problems differentiation in this particular age group and presents casuistic descriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Jagielska
- Klinika Psychiatrii Wieku Rozwojowego Warszawskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego, Warszawa.
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DiBello JR, Kraft P, McGarvey ST, Goldberg R, Campos H, Baylin A. Comparison of 3 methods for identifying dietary patterns associated with risk of disease. Am J Epidemiol 2008; 168:1433-43. [PMID: 18945692 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwn274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced rank regression and partial least-squares regression (PLS) are proposed alternatives to principal component analysis (PCA). Using all 3 methods, the authors derived dietary patterns in Costa Rican data collected on 3,574 cases and controls in 1994-2004 and related the resulting patterns to risk of first incident myocardial infarction. Four dietary patterns associated with myocardial infarction were identified. Factor 1, characterized by high intakes of lean chicken, vegetables, fruit, and polyunsaturated oil, was generated by all 3 dietary pattern methods and was associated with a significantly decreased adjusted risk of myocardial infarction (28%-46%, depending on the method used). PCA and PLS also each yielded a pattern associated with a significantly decreased risk of myocardial infarction (31% and 23%, respectively); this pattern was characterized by moderate intake of alcohol and polyunsaturated oil and low intake of high-fat dairy products. The fourth factor derived from PCA was significantly associated with a 38% increased risk of myocardial infarction and was characterized by high intakes of coffee and palm oil. Contrary to previous studies, the authors found PCA and PLS to produce more patterns associated with cardiovascular disease than reduced rank regression. The most effective method for deriving dietary patterns related to disease may vary depending on the study goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia R DiBello
- Department of Community Health, International Health Institute, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Hernández I, Aguilar C, González Sansón G. [Trophie webs of reef fishes at Cuba's NW area. II. Functional groups]. REV BIOL TROP 2008; 56:1391-1401. [PMID: 19419052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A conceptual model of the food webs, mainly with fish, was built in a rocky shore of Havana City with data covering from October 2004 to February 2006. The stomach contents of the most abundant fish was complemented with the literature. We used the Relative Importance Index method to describe diets of carnivorous and omnivorous fish; and a modification of the Relative Abundance method for sponge eaters and herbivorous fish. Agglomerative numeric classification techniques were used to determine the diet's similarity. The matrix was made using Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index. Ten functional trophic groups were formed on the basis of diet similarity. The cascade effect is evidenced in this area by the big top predator shortage and the dominance of a few low trophic level species. The regulator role of top predators is low because of over-fishing: the trophic web of this area is highly altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivet Hernández
- Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 16. e/1ra y 3ra. No. 114, Miramar, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba.
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Gupta S. Dear (food) diary. A new study shows that dieters can double their weight loss by jotting down what foods they eat. Time 2008; 172:70. [PMID: 18831096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Arcos IT, Jiménez F, Harvey CA, Casanoves F. [Richness and abundance of birds in riparian forest belts of varied breadths at the Sesesmiles river microwatershed, Copan, Honduras]. REV BIOL TROP 2008; 56:355-369. [PMID: 18624250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Richness and abundance of birds in riparian forest belts of varied breadths at the Sesesmiles river microwatershed, Copan, Honduras. Riparian forests protect many species of plants and animals. We studied bird communities in riparian forest belts of the Sesesmiles river microwatershed, Copan, Honduras (140 degrees 43' 12" - 140 degrees 58' 35" N, 88 degrees 53' 23" - 89 degrees 14' 17" W). The main goal was to explore the effects of belt breadth on the richness and abundance of avian species visiting these forests. We selected 20 belts, and randomly established 30 observation points to monitor bird presence in the dry (March-April 2005) and rainy (June-July 2005) season (N= 60 observations). A total of 1,294 birds belonging to 145 species were recorded. Bird diversity was significantly correlated to the breadth of the riparian belts, with a greater number of species and individuals in belts 50 m wide or wider. Insectivorous and nectarivorous birds were the most abundant guilds. All bird species identified depend to some degree on riparian forests and are affected by belt breadth. Riparian belts over 50 m should be kept or established in order to conserve bird populations within agricultural and fragmented landscapes in similar tropical areas.
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Arusoğlu G, Kabakçi E, Köksal G, Merdol TK. [Orthorexia nervosa and adaptation of ORTO-11 into Turkish]. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2008; 19:283-291. [PMID: 18791881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Orthorexia is a pathological fixation about the consumption of healthy food. The present study aimed to reveal the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of ORTO-15, which was developed to evaluate orthorexia, and to investigate the relationship betweenorthorexia, and eating attitude, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and some demographic variables. METHOD The study included 994 participants aged between 19 and 66 years. ORTO-15, the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory, and the Eating Attitude Test-40 were administered to the participants. RESULTS A 3-factor solution with varimax rotation explained 40.62% of the variance. When 4 items with factor loadings below+/- 0.50 were eliminated from ORTO-15, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.62. The remaining 11 items were thought to have statistically satisfactory properties for the Turkish version of ORTO and were collectively referred to as ORTO-11. This version was used to investigate the relationship between orthorexia, and eating attitude and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Pathological eating attitude and obsessive-compulsive symptoms were related to orthorexia. Women exhibited more orthorexic symptoms then men. In the present study high a body mass index was an important variable for orthorexia, but only together with gender (female), pathological eating attitude, and increased obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The results, implications, and limitations of the study are discussed. CONCLUSION ORTO-11 demonstrated statistically satisfactory properties. Orthorexia was related to pathological eating attitude and obsessive-compulsive symptoms; however, caution should be used when generalizing the reported results.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sucking problems in preterm infants can be specified by means of visual observation. The Neonatal Oral-Motor Assessment Scale (NOMAS) is the visual observation method most commonly used to assess the non-nutritive sucking (NNS) and nutritive sucking (NS) skills of infants up to approximately 8 weeks postterm. During the first 2 min of a regular feeding the infant's sucking skill is assessed, either immediately or on video. Although NOMAS has been used since 1993, little is known about the method's reliability. The aim of our study was to determine the test-retest and inter-rater reliability of NOMAS. METHODS The 75 infants included in this study were born at 26-36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). Four observers participated in the study. They were trained and certified to administer NOMAS in the Netherlands by M.M. Palmer between 2000 and 2002. RESULTS We found the test-retest agreement of NOMAS to be 'fair' to 'almost perfect' (Cohen's kappa [kappa] between 0.33 and 0.94), whereas the inter-rater agreement with respect to the diagnosis was 'moderate' to 'substantial' (Cohen's kappa, between 0.40 and 0.65). As a diagnostic tool, however, the current version of NOMAS cannot be used for both full-term and preterm infants. For a measuring instrument such as NOMAS, one should aim at reliability coefficients for inter-rater and test-retest agreement of at least 0.8. A Cohen's kappa of 0.6 or less we find unacceptable. Nonetheless, by observing sucking and swallowing according to a protocol much useful information can be gathered about the development of an infant's sucking skills. For instance, whether the infant is able to co-ordinate sucking and swallowing, whether the infant can maintain sucking, swallowing and breathing during the continuous phase and whether the infant is able to suck rhythmically with equally long bursts. In addition, NOMAS offers useful aids for intervention. CONCLUSIONS NOMAS should be re-adjusted in order to improve inter-rater agreement, and at the same time current insights into the development of sucking and swallowing should be incorporated in the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saakje P da Costa
- School for Health Care Studies, Hanze University Groningen, University for Applied Sciences, Eyssoniusplein 18, 9714 CE Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
An assessment of the insect guild structure associated with immature and mature eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière, at high and low elevations was made before the invasion by the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae (Annand), and elongate hemlock scale, Fiorinia externa Ferris. Guild dynamics were determined among 243 insect species associated with eastern hemlock in the southern Appalachians. Detritivore, hematophage, herbivore, fungivore, parasitoid, predator, scavenger, and transient guild assignments were made. The herbivore and transient guilds were subdivided into chewers, sapsuckers, flower feeders, pollen feeders, pollen/nectar/sap feeders, and seed feeders. A significant association was found between guilds on immature and mature hemlocks at low elevations, but no significant association was found at high elevations. There was also a strong association of phytophagous insects on immature hemlocks and scavengers on mature hemlocks. The observed transient, scavenger, and predator guilds had a significantly lower co-occurrence among species indicating segregation of the species within these guilds. The herbivore guild had a significantly higher co-occurrence among species than the simulated index indicating aggregation of species within this guild across sites. Detritivore, hematophage, and parasitoid guilds did not differ significantly from the simulated community. These results document a diverse and dynamic insect community on eastern hemlock before invasion by hemlock woolly adelgid and elongate hemlock scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Dilling
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Panagiotakos DB, Pitsavos C, Arvaniti F, Stefanadis C. Adherence to the Mediterranean food pattern predicts the prevalence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and obesity, among healthy adults; the accuracy of the MedDietScore. Prev Med 2007; 44:335-40. [PMID: 17350085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2006] [Revised: 12/10/2006] [Accepted: 12/18/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the accuracy of a diet score in relation to hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and obesity. METHODS A diet score (range 0-55) has been developed that assesses adherence to the Mediterranean diet. For the consumption of items presumed to be close to Mediterranean dietary pattern (non-refined cereals, fruits, vegetables, legumes, olive oil, fish and potatoes) scores 0 to 5 for never, rare, frequent, very frequent, weekly and daily consumption were assigned, while for the consumption of foods presumed to be away from this pattern (red meat and products, poultry and full fat dairy products) scores on a reverse scale were assigned. Positive and negative predictive values, in relation to hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and obesity status of the ATTICA study participants (n=3042, enrolment 2001-02 in Athens metropolitan area, aged 18-89 years) were calculated and the 10-year CHD risk based on Framingham equations was estimated, too. RESULTS The positive predictive values of the score regarding hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and obesity are: 45% (95% CI 43%-48%), 46% (95% CI 44%-49%), 12% (95% CI 11%-14%) and 33% (95% CI 30%-35%), while the negative predictive values are 86% (95% CI 85%-88%), 71% (95% CI 69%-74%), 98% (95% CI 97%-99%) and 97% (95% CI 96%-98%), respectively. Moreover, a 10-unit increase in the diet score is associated with 4% lower 10-year CHD risk (+/-0.1%, p<0.001). CONCLUSION The proposed Mediterranean Diet Score may be useful in detecting individuals prone to the development of nutrition-related health conditions and cardiovascular disease.
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Shapin S. Vegetable love: the history of vegetarianism. New Yorker 2007:80-4. [PMID: 17249152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
MESH Headings
- Animal Rights/history
- Animal Rights/trends
- Animals
- Diet, Vegetarian/ethnology
- Diet, Vegetarian/history
- Diet, Vegetarian/psychology
- Ethics/classification
- Ethics/history
- Europe
- Feeding Behavior/classification
- Feeding Behavior/ethics
- Feeding Behavior/psychology
- Food/history
- History, 15th Century
- History, 16th Century
- History, 17th Century
- History, 18th Century
- History, 19th Century
- History, 20th Century
- History, Ancient
- History, Medieval
- Humans
- India
- Meat/adverse effects
- Meat/history
- Religion/history
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Wansink B. What really determines what we eat. The hidden truth. Diabetes Self Manag 2006; 23:44, 47-8, 51. [PMID: 17195334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
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Anton SD, Newton RL, Sothern M, Martin CK, Stewart TM, Williamson DA. Association of depression with Body Mass Index, sedentary behavior, and maladaptive eating attitudes and behaviors in 11 to 13-year old children. Eat Weight Disord 2006; 11:e102-8. [PMID: 17075232 DOI: 10.1007/bf03327566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the relation of different behavioral dimensions of depression with weight-related variables (BMI percentile, sedentary behavior, eating attitudes, and weight control behaviors) in children aged 11 to 13 years. Depression was assessed using the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). Sedentary behavior was measured in 45 sixth grade students (23 boys and 22 girls) using a validated 24-hour recall instrument, the Self-Administered Physical Activity Checklist. BMI was calculated directly from measured height and weight (kg/m2). The Children's Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT) was used to measure eating attitudes and weight control behaviors. There were not significant gender differences in reported minutes (142 vs. 91 minutes for boys vs. girls; p=0.25) of sedentary behavior (i.e., television watching and video game playing). The major finding of this study was that certain aspects of depression (i.e., interpersonal problems and feelings of ineffectiveness) were correlated with higher levels of sedentary behavior in children aged 11 to 13. A factor analysis of the study variables indicated that most dimensions of depression, sedentary behavior, and body size represent distinct but correlated behavioral dimensions. This study provides support for a link between specific aspects of depression (i.e., interpersonal problems and feelings of ineffectiveness) and sedentary behavior in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Anton
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
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Abstract
This study examined whether or not rigid and flexible dimensions of restraint could differentiate between women who self-identified as dieting to lose weight versus those who self-identified as dieting to maintain weight. Four hundred thirty-three women responded to dichotomous questions regarding their dieting status and completed the Eating Inventory and Rigid and Flexible Control Scales (RC16 and FC12, respectively). Logistic regressions were conducted using dieting status as the dependent variable and RC16 scores, FC12 scores, susceptibility to overeating, and BMI as the independent variables. Scores on the RC16 and BMI correctly identified 73.6% of women as dieting to lose weight; scores on the RC16 and FC12 correctly identified 52.6% of women as dieting to maintain weight. Susceptibility to overeating was unrelated to dieting status. Results indicate that rigid control over eating is strongly related to dieting to lose weight and that both rigid and flexible control are related to dieting to maintain weight. This latter relationship is in need of further exploration. Results of this study support the contention that restraint and dieting are related, however, they are not equivalent constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Timko
- Center for Counseling and Student Development, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA.
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Makino M, Hashizume M, Tsuboi K, Yasushi M, Dennerstein L. Comparative study of attitudes to eating between male and female students in the People's Republic of China. Eat Weight Disord 2006; 11:111-7. [PMID: 17075237 DOI: 10.1007/bf03327555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to compare eating attitudes and lifestyles of male and female college students in China (Beijing). SUBJECTS AND METHODS The subjects of this study consisted of 217 male and 177 female college students. They were asked to fill out the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) and a lifestyle questionnaire. RESULTS The percentages of those above the cutoff point on the EAT-26 for abnormal eating attitudes were 4.7% of male and 6.2% of female students. Body perception of being fat (distorted body image) was the factor most associated with abnormal eating attitudes. DISCUSSION Weight related concern was prevalent amongst the Chinese students. This suggests that the culture of the beauty of thinness is common among young students in Beijing, particularly female students.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Makino
- Office for Gender and Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Dennis AJ, Westcott DA. Reducing complexity when studying seed dispersal at community scales: a functional classification of vertebrate seed dispersers in tropical forests. Oecologia 2006; 149:620-34. [PMID: 16858588 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-006-0475-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2006] [Accepted: 05/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The process of seed dispersal has a profound effect on vegetation structure and diversity in tropical forests. However, our understanding of the process and our ability to predict its outcomes at a community scale are limited by the frequently large number of interactions associated with it. Here, we outline an approach to dealing with this complexity that reduces the number of unique interactions considered by classifying the participants according to their functional similarity. We derived a classification of dispersers based on the nature of the dispersal service they provide to plants. We described the quantities of fruit handled, the quality of handling and the diversity of plants to which the service is provided. We used ten broad disperser traits to group 26 detailed measures for each disperser. We then applied this approach to vertebrate dispersers in Australia's tropical forests. Using this we also develop a classification that may be more generally applicable. For each disperser, data relating to each trait was obtained either from the field or published literature. First, we identified dispersers whose service outcomes were so distinct that statistical analysis was not required and assigned them to functional groups. The remaining dispersers were assigned to functional groups using cluster analysis. The combined processes created 15 functional groups from 65 vertebrate dispersers in Australian tropical forests. Our approach--grouping dispersers on the basis of the type of dispersal service provided and the fruit types it is provided to--represents a means of reducing the complexity encountered in tropical seed dispersal systems and could be effectively applied in community level studies. It also represents a useful tool for exploring changes in dispersal services when the distribution and abundance of animal populations change due to human impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Dennis
- CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems and the Rainforest CRC, P.O. Box 780, Atherton, QLD, 4883, Australia.
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Leimu R, Koricheva J. A Meta‐Analysis of Genetic Correlations between Plant Resistances to Multiple Enemies. Am Nat 2006; 168:E15-37. [PMID: 16874611 DOI: 10.1086/505766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2005] [Accepted: 02/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Genetic correlations between plant resistances to multiple natural enemies are important because they have the potential to determine the mode of selection that natural enemies impose on a host plant, the structure of herbivore and pathogen communities, and the success of plant breeding for resistance to multiple diseases and pests. We conducted a meta-analysis of 29 published studies of 16 different plant species reporting a total of 467 genetic correlations between resistances to multiple herbivores or pathogens. In general, genetic associations between resistances to multiple natural enemies tended to be positive regardless of the breeding design, type of attacker, and type of host plant. Positive genetic correlations between resistances were stronger when both attackers were pathogens or generalist herbivores and when resistance to different enemies was tested independently, suggesting that generalists may be affected by the same plant resistance traits and that interactions among natural enemies are common. Although the mean associations between resistances were positive, indicating the prevalence of diffuse selection and generalized defenses against multiple enemies, the large variation in both the strength and the direction of the associations suggests a continuum between pairwise and diffuse selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roosa Leimu
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland.
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Pala V, Sieri S, Masala G, Palli D, Panico S, Vineis P, Sacerdote C, Mattiello A, Galasso R, Salvini S, Ceroti M, Berrino F, Fusconi E, Tumino R, Frasca G, Riboli E, Trichopoulou A, Baibas N, Krogh V. Associations between dietary pattern and lifestyle, anthropometry and other health indicators in the elderly participants of the EPIC-Italy cohort. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2006; 16:186-201. [PMID: 16580586 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2005.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2004] [Revised: 05/16/2005] [Accepted: 05/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epidemiological studies have shown that dietary behaviour is an important aetiological factor in various chronic diseases. We used principal component factor analysis to identify dietary patterns and to examine the associations of these patterns with health-related variables in a sample of elderly (> or =60 years) Italians participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). METHODS AND RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis was applied to the intake of food groups as estimated by semi-quantitative food questionnaires. Individual participants were assigned factor scores, indicating the extent to which their diet conformed to each of the four dietary patterns identified: prudent (cooked vegetables, pulses, cabbage, seed oil and fish); pasta & meat (pasta, tomato sauce, red meat, processed meat, bread and wine); olive oil & salad (raw vegetables, olive oil, soup and chicken); and sweet & dairy (sugar, cakes, ice cream, coffee and dairy). Highly educated people had high scores on prudent and low scores on pasta & meat. The pasta & meat and prudent patterns were strongly positively associated with body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) in men and women. Hyperlipidaemic men and women consumed more of the prudent and olive oil & salad patterns and less of the sweet & dairy pattern than those with normal lipids. The olive oil & salad was significantly higher and the pasta & meat and sweet & dairy patterns significantly lower in men and women who had dieted over the previous year, suggesting awareness of the health consequences of these patterns. CONCLUSIONS Dietary pattern analysis provides a characterization of recurrent dietary behaviour in elderly people, and can be used to provide tangible dietary advice to elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Pala
- Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milan National Cancer Institute, Italy.
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Nunes DM, Hartz SM. Feeding dynamics and ecomorphology of Oligosarcus jenynsii (Gunther, 1864) and Oligosarcus robustus (Menezes, 1969) in the Lagoa Fortaleza, southern Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2006; 66:121-32. [PMID: 16680315 DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842006000100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligosarcus jenynsii and Oligosarcus robustus are fishes of Characidae family that occur in Rio Grande do Sul, Uruguay and northern Argentina. This work purported to study the feeding dynamics (repletion and hepatosomatic indexes and condition factor) over time, and to investigate the coexistence of these two species by evaluating the partition of resources using qualitative and quantitative analyses of diet, temporal and spatial segregation throughout the water column and some ecomorphological aspects of the species in the Lagoa Fortaleza. Specimens were sampled monthly, from May 2000 to April 2001 during 24 h/month, using stationary gill nets of different mesh sizes. The records of each individual included total and standard length; total, stomach and liver weight; sex and stomach repletion. The variation of the mean values of repletion index and relative frequencies of stomach repletion stages indicate that O. jenynsii and O. robustus do not present seasonal differences in feeding intensity. The hepatosomatic index shows an allocation of energy to the liver during every period except reproduction, when part of the energy is used for gonad maturation. The estimated condition factor for both species reveals an increase in the reproductive period, evidencing the influence of gonads upon the condition of the fish. The diet analysis revealed that O. robustus is piscivorous, whereas O. jenynsii is a generalist carnivore, tending to piscivory as well. The active period of O. robustus is more concentrated at sunrise and sunset, whereas O. jenynsii is continually active, a characteristic related to hunting for prey. The ecomorphological analysis revealed differences between the two species in the dimensions of the mouth. Evidence suggests that the species coexist, sharing food sources, differing in oral morphology but ingesting similar prey, possibly because food is not a limiting factor in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Nunes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Ahn Y, Paik HY, Ahn YO. Item non-responses in mailed food frequency questionnaires in a Korean male cancer cohort study. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2006; 15:170-7. [PMID: 16672200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Item non-responses are frequently encountered in mailed food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) in epidemiological studies. The effects of item non-responses in a FFQ on presumed nutrient intake and subject classifications were examined in this study of a male cancer cohort in Korea. A semi-quantitative FFQ was developed and mailed to adult males aged between 40 and 59 in Seoul. Among the 14,533 cohort participants, 7,647 subjects who fully completed the FFQ initially and 216 subjects who completed the frequency missing items at resurvey were compared. When item non-responses were treated as not eaten, the average nutrient intakes of this group were significantly lower than both the average intake of subjects who fully completed at the initial survey and the average intake of those who completed at the resurvey. Increases in nutrient intakes during resurvey were substantively proportional to the number of items originally omitted. Cross classifications of item non-response subjects by nutrient intake after the initial survey and after resurvey showed misclassification towards lower quantile. Moreover, distribution of 'never or seldom' answer of resurvey group was similar to initial complete group. These results indicate that treating item non-responses as not eaten introduces bias when estimating nutrient intakes or when classifying subjects on the basis of nutrient intakes. More study is required to determine how best to treat non-response items in FFQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younjhin Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong Chongno-Gu Seoul, Korea.
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Lim U, Schenk M, Kelemen LE, Davis S, Cozen W, Hartge P, Ward MH, Stolzenberg-Solomon R. Dietary determinants of one-carbon metabolism and the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: NCI-SEER case-control study, 1998-2000. Am J Epidemiol 2005; 162:953-64. [PMID: 16221809 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwi310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of dietary one-carbon determinants remains largely unexplored for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). In a population-based case-control study of non-African-American adult (aged 20-74 years) women and men from four US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results study centers (Detroit, Michigan; Iowa; Los Angeles, California; and Seattle, Washington; 1998-2000), the authors examined folate; vitamins B2, B6, and B12; methionine; and a one-carbon antagonist, alcohol, in 425 incident NHL cases and 359 controls who completed a detailed food frequency questionnaire. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by using unconditional logistic regression. Higher intake of one-carbon determinants from food was associated with a lower risk of NHL, but that for only vitamin B6 (highest vs. lowest quartile: odds ratio = 0.57, 95% confidence interval: 0.34, 0.95; p trend = 0.01) and methionine (odds ratio = 0.49, 95% confidence interval: 0.31, 0.76; p trend = 0.002) reached statistical significance. Folate from food was inversely associated with diffuse subtype (odds ratio = 0.47, 95% confidence interval: 0.23, 0.94; p trend = 0.03). The authors found no association between total (food plus supplement) vitamins and NHL. Nonusers of alcohol had an elevated NHL risk compared with users, and alcohol did not modify other nutrient-NHL associations. Findings suggest that one-carbon nutrients, particularly vitamin B6 and methionine, may be protective against NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Lim
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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Lai JQ, Yin SA, Yang XG, Ma GS. [Distribution of feeding index and association between feeding index and growth of infants and young child aged 6 - 24 months]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2005; 34:617-9. [PMID: 16329612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Data from the Nutrition and Health Survey of the Chinese People on 2002 were use to explore the feasibility of creating a composite feeding index and examine the association between feeding practices and growth of infants and young child. METHODS The variables used for index were as follows: current breast-feeding, introduction of complementary foods, the past month and feeding frequency. The index was made age specific for 6- to 9-, 9- to 12- and 12- to 24-month-old age groups, age-specific feeding terciles were created to evaluate the association between feeding index and growth. RESULTS the socres of feeding practice were different significantly between urban and rural. Bivariate analyses showed that feeding practices were strongly and significantly associated with child growth in China, especially with increasing age, the scores of feeding practices were increasing. CONCLUSION The present study showed that better feeding practices were more important for children of lower socioeconomic status, The data available in CNHS data can be used effectively to create a composite child feeding index which could be targeted by nutrition education and behavior change interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qiang Lai
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
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48
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Abstract
AIM To validate a questionnaire for the diagnosis of orhorexia oervosa, an eating disorder defined as "maniacal obsession for healthy food". MATERIALS AND METHODS 525 subjects were enrolled. Then they were randomized into two samples (sample of 404 subjects for the construction of the test for the diagnosis of orthorexia ORTO-15; sample of 121 subjects for the validation of the test). The ORTO-15 questionnaire, validated for the diagnosis of orthorexia, is made-up of 15 multiple-choice items. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The test we proposed for the diagnosis of orthorexia (ORTO 15) showed a good predictive capability at a threshold value of 40 (efficacy 73.8%, sensitivity 55.6% and specificity 75.8%) also on verification with a control sample. However, it has a limit in identifying the obsessive disorder. For this reason we maintain that further investigation is necessary and that new questions useful for the evaluation of the obsessive-compulsive behavior should be added to the ORTO-15 questionnaire.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Donini
- Istituto di Scienza dell'Alimentazione, Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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49
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Schurr MR, Powell ML. The role of changing childhood diets in the prehistoric evolution of food production: An isotopic assessment. Am J Phys Anthropol 2005; 126:278-94. [PMID: 15386227 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Earlier weaning has often been suggested as a cause for population growth after the evolution of food production. However, evidence for weaning-time reduction is largely circumstantial. Collagen stable nitrogen- and carbon-isotope ratios from juvenile and adult burials from four sites in eastern North America were measured to estimate weaning onsets and durations before and after the appearance of intensive food production. Two preagricultural Late Archaic sites (Indian Knoll and Carlston Annis) are compared with two highly agricultural Middle Mississippian sites (Angel and Tinsley Hill). Isotopic data and paleodemographic measures of birth rates provide no evidence for changes in weaning behavior or fertility with the development of food production in the prehistoric Lower Ohio Valley. Birth rates and weaning behavior appear to have been roughly the same at all four sites. These results indicate that models attributing population growth after the appearance of food production to earlier weaning are not universally applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Schurr
- Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
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50
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Nieradko-Iwanicka B. [An alternative approach to the teaching of obesity as a civilization-related disease]. Ann Acad Med Stetin 2005; 51 Suppl 1:113-7. [PMID: 16602437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Universities are relying on student-activating methods in teaching. This work was concerned with an approach to teaching of obesity as a civilization-related disease to medical students. Brainstorming, snowball discussion, careful reading of medical texts, evidence-based medicine, and practicals on how to measure BMI and WHR were exploited. Analysis of medical histories to disclose risk factors of ischemic heart disease and polymetabolic syndrome X are proposed. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies of obesity and its disorders are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nieradko-Iwanicka
- Katedra i Zaklad Higieny Akademii Medycznej im. prof. Feliksa Skubiszewskiego ul. Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin
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