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Airoldi EM, Christakis NA. Induction of social contagion for diverse outcomes in structured experiments in isolated villages. Science 2024; 384:eadi5147. [PMID: 38696582 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi5147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Certain people occupy topological positions within social networks that enhance their effectiveness at inducing spillovers. We mapped face-to-face networks among 24,702 people in 176 isolated villages in Honduras and randomly assigned villages to targeting methods, varying the fraction of households receiving a 22-month health education package and the method by which households were chosen (randomly versus using the friendship-nomination algorithm). We assessed 117 diverse knowledge, attitude, and practice outcomes. Friendship-nomination targeting reduced the number of households needed to attain specified levels of village-wide uptake. Knowledge spread more readily than behavior, and spillovers extended to two degrees of separation. Outcomes that were intrinsically easier to adopt also manifested greater spillovers. Network targeting using friendship nomination effectively promotes population-wide improvements in welfare through social contagion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo M Airoldi
- Department of Statistics, Operations, and Data Science, Fox School of Business, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Data Science Institute, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Nicholas A Christakis
- Yale Institute for Network Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Sociology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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2
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Maldonado-Barrueco A, Utrilla C, Hernández-González A, Perteguer MJ, Díaz-Pollán B, Untoria-Tabares Y, Díaz-Menéndez M, Falces-Romero I, Gutiérrez-Arroyo A, García-Rodríguez J, Montero-Vega D. Intraventricular neurocysticercosis in a migrant from Honduras. J Travel Med 2024; 31:taad090. [PMID: 37406005 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taad090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
We report in Madrid (Spain) a case of intraventricular neurocysticercosis in a migrant from Choluteca (Honduras), which was confirmed by epidemiological, radiological and microbiological criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Utrilla
- Radiology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid 28016, Spain
| | - Ana Hernández-González
- Helminth Laboratory, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid 28016, Spain
| | - María J Perteguer
- Helminth Laboratory, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid 28016, Spain
- CIBERINFEC ISCIII, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28016, Spain
| | - Beatriz Díaz-Pollán
- CIBERINFEC ISCIII, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28016, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid 28016, Spain
| | - Yeray Untoria-Tabares
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid 28016, Spain
| | - Marta Díaz-Menéndez
- CIBERINFEC ISCIII, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28016, Spain
- Imported Pathology and International Health Unit, CSUR for Adult and Pediatric Imported Tropical Pathology, High Level Isolation Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid 28016, Spain
| | - Iker Falces-Romero
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid 28016, Spain
- CIBERINFEC ISCIII, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28016, Spain
| | | | | | - Dolores Montero-Vega
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid 28016, Spain
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3
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Meeker KA, Hayes BE, Randa R, Saunders J. Examining Risk Factors of Intimate Partner Violence Victimization in Central America: A Snapshot of Guatemala and Honduras. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2024; 68:468-487. [PMID: 33345648 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x20981049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The current study examines country-specific risk factors of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization among Guatemalan and Honduran women. More specifically, we examine if (in)equality between partners, experience of controlling or emotionally abusive behavior, and components of the intergenerational transmission of violence significantly affect the risk of lifetime IPV victimization for Guatemalan (N = 5,645) and Honduran women (N = 9,427). We address this by analyzing both the 2014 to 2015 Guatemala Demographic and Health Survey and the 2011 to 2012 Honduras Demographic and Health Survey. Results suggest that equality between partners operates differently across the two nations, which is likely related to social norms in each country. In particular, having more decisional input is a protective factor against IPV victimization for Guatemalan women. Increased educational attainment, however, is a risk factor for IPV victimization among Honduran women. Implications, especially as they pertain to social service agencies and programming, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ryan Randa
- Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
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4
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Overman K, Nicholson P, Nunziato C, Antunez M, Daly P, Forseth M. One World Surgery: The Evolution of a Locally Run Surgical Mission in Honduras. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2024; 106:370-378. [PMID: 37733878 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.23.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT One World Surgery (OWS) is a medical mission organization that treats a variety of orthopaedic conditions and focuses on local partnerships, education, capacity-building, and high-quality care. OWS runs a Honduran ambulatory surgery center (ASC) with >50 full-time local staff; it operates year-round and accommodates visiting surgical teams bimonthly. Across its 12-year history, 8,703 surgical procedures have been performed and 54,940 total consults have been completed, with increasing autonomy of the local medical staff. From 2009 through 2021, OWS has provided 74 million U.S. dollars in surgical and consult patient care. By addressing global surgical disparities via life-enhancing surgical care in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) settings, the OWS ASC mission model may be a useful blueprint for other medical missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Overman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Peter Nicholson
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Carl Nunziato
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas
| | | | | | - Michael Forseth
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Summit Orthopedics, Eagan, Minnesota
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Paraje G, Araya D, Monteiro M. Off-premises demand elasticities for pure alcohol in five Latin American countries: The case of Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica, Honduras, and Uruguay. Int J Drug Policy 2024; 124:104316. [PMID: 38219676 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is ample evidence from high-income countries that fiscal policies such as alcohol taxes can affect the consumption of alcohol by increasing alcohol prices. In the case of Latin American countries, much less is known about how sensitive alcohol demand is to alcohol price changes. This study aims to expand the evidence base on the sensitivity of off-premises pure alcohol demand to price and expenditure increases in five Latin American countries: Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica, Honduras, and Uruguay, which have different socioeconomic profiles and alcohol consumption patterns. DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional study MEASUREMENTS: The price and expenditure elasticities were estimated using an Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS). Own price and expenditure elasticities for off-premises pure alcohol were estimated using representative household surveys, which collect data on households' expenses to construct the consumer basket of goods and services used to calculate the consumer price index (CPI) for the country. FINDINGS Own price elasticities of off-premises pure alcohol for all countries were negative, inelastic, and significant at 1 %. They were -0.418 for Argentina; -0.656 for Chile; and for Costa Rica, Honduras, and Uruguay, they were equal to -0.608, -0.509, and -0.32, respectively. Expenditure elasticities were positive and significant at 1 %, except for Costa Rica, which was significant at 10 %. They were equal to 0.865 in Argentina; 0.943 in Chile; 1.182 in Costa Rica; 0.874 in Honduras; and 0.857 in Uruguay. Elasticities for Costa Rica should be interpreted cautiously, as there is insufficient geographical price variability to identify the demand correctly. CONCLUSIONS Results were consistent with previous literature for countries from other regions. Governments should expand this study to measure total demand elasticities to improve the design of alcohol tax policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Paraje
- School of Business, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Millennium Nucleus for the Evaluation and Analysis of Drug Policies (nDP), Avenida Diagonal Las Torres 2640, Peñalolén, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
| | - Daniel Araya
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Maristela Monteiro
- Department of Non-Communicable Diseases and Mental Health, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, United States
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Moreno F. Moral reasoning about gang violence in context: A comparative study with children and adolescents exposed to maras in Honduras and not exposed in Nicaragua. Child Dev 2024; 95:e1-e20. [PMID: 37589079 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
This study examined how youth morally deliberate about conditions of gang violence shaping their communities. Participants (N = 80; 10-11 and 14-15 years; 50% female) exposed to gangs (maras) in Honduras and not exposed to maras in Nicaragua evaluated hypothetical situations of physical harm in contexts of chronic gang violence. Results indicated that mara-exposed youth were more likely to endorse harming a rival gang member in some contexts, but not others. Moreover, in some contexts, males were more likely to endorse harming others as necessary. Few age differences emerged, suggesting comparability among children and adolescents. Discussion focuses on how children and adolescents coordinate different moral and social concepts and concerns pertaining to acts of physical harm in situations involving gangs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin Moreno
- Institute for the Study of Global Racial Justice, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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Valenzuela-Ponce H, Carbajal C, Soto-Nava M, Tapia-Trejo D, García-Morales C, Murillo W, Lorenzana I, Reyes-Terán G, Ávila-Ríos S. Honduras HIV cohort: HLA class I and CCR5-Δ32 profiles and their associations with HIV disease outcome. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0161323. [PMID: 37962394 PMCID: PMC10714756 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01613-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE We identify both canonical and novel human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-HIV associations, providing a first step toward improved understanding of HIV immune control among the understudied Honduras Mestizo population. Our results are relevant to understanding the protective or detrimental effects of HLA subtypes in Latin America because their unique HLA diversity poses challenges for designing vaccines against HIV and interpreting results from such vaccine trials. Likewise, the description of the HLA profile in an understudied population that shows a unique HLA immunogenetic background is not only relevant for HIV immunology but also relevant in population genetics, molecular anthropology, susceptibility to other infections, autoimmune diseases, and allograft transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Valenzuela-Ponce
- CIENI Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Candy Carbajal
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Maribel Soto-Nava
- CIENI Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniela Tapia-Trejo
- CIENI Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia García-Morales
- CIENI Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Wendy Murillo
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Ivette Lorenzana
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Gustavo Reyes-Terán
- Comisión Coordinadora de Institutos Nacional de Salud y Hospitales de Alta Especialidad, Secretar ´ıa de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Santiago Ávila-Ríos
- CIENI Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
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Ghasemian A, Christakis NA. The enmity paradox. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20040. [PMID: 37973933 PMCID: PMC10654772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47167-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The "friendship paradox" of social networks states that, on average, "your friends have more friends than you do". Here, we theoretically and empirically explore a related and overlooked paradox we refer to as the "enmity paradox". We use empirical data from 24,678 people living in 176 villages in rural Honduras. We empirically show that, for a real negative undirected network (created by symmetrizing antagonistic interactions), the paradox exists as it does in the positive world. Specifically, a person's enemies have more enemies, on average, than a person does. Furthermore, in a mixed world of positive and negative ties, we study the conditions for the existence of the paradox, which we refer to as the "mixed-world paradox", both theoretically and empirically, finding that, for instance, a person's friends typically have more enemies than a person does. We also confirm the "generalized" enmity paradox for non-topological attributes in real data, analogous to the generalized friendship paradox (e.g., the claim that a person's enemies are richer, on average, than a person is). As a consequence, the naturally occurring variance in the degree distribution of both friendship and antagonism in social networks can skew people's perceptions of the social world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ghasemian
- Yale Institute for Network Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
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Sabillón L, Alvarado J, Leiva A, Mendoza R, Espinal R, Leslie JF, Bianchini A. Presence, Co-Occurrence, and Daily Intake Estimates of Aflatoxins and Fumonisins in Maize Consumed in Food-Insecure Regions of Western Honduras. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:559. [PMID: 37755985 PMCID: PMC10534461 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15090559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne mycotoxins are a significant food safety risk in developing countries. Our objective was to determine the occurrence of and exposure levels to aflatoxins (AFs) and fumonisins (FBs) in maize intended for human and animal consumption in food-insecure regions of western Honduras. Total AFs and FBs were quantified with a monoclonal antibody-based affinity spectrofluorimetric method. FBs were detected in 614/631 samples of maize destined for human consumption at 0.3 to 41 mg/kg (mean, 2.7 mg/kg). Of the 614 positive samples, 147 had FB levels exceeding the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advisory threshold of 4.0 mg/kg. AFs were detected in 109/631 samples of maize for human consumption with concentrations between 1.0 and 490 µg/kg (mean, 10 µg/kg). AF levels in 34 samples exceeded the FDA regulatory limit (i.e., 20 µg/kg). The average probable daily intake of AFs in western Honduras ranged from 0 to 260 ng/kg body weight/day, and for FBs, the average probable daily intake ranged from 17 to 53 μg/kg body weight/day. AFs and FBs co-occurred in 106/631 samples with 60 samples containing both toxins at levels greater than the FDA regulatory levels. Samples of maize intended for animal feed had significantly higher AF (mean, 22 µg/kg) and FB (mean, 7.6 mg/kg) contamination levels than those observed in samples destined for human consumption. Thus, the maize supply chain in western Honduras is contaminated with mycotoxins at levels that pose health risks to both humans and livestock. More effective mycotoxin surveillance and implementation of effective mitigation strategies are needed to reduce mycotoxin contamination and exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Sabillón
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
- Center of Excellence in Sustainable Food and Agricultural Systems, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Jackeline Alvarado
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zamorano University, San Antonio de Oriente P.O. Box 93, Honduras
| | - Alejandra Leiva
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zamorano University, San Antonio de Oriente P.O. Box 93, Honduras
| | - Rodrigo Mendoza
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
- The Food Processing Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Raúl Espinal
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zamorano University, San Antonio de Oriente P.O. Box 93, Honduras
| | - John F. Leslie
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Andréia Bianchini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
- The Food Processing Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
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10
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Kennett DJ, Harper TK, VanDerwarker A, Thakar HB, Domic A, Blake M, Benz BF, George RJ, Scheffler TE, Culleton BJ, Kistler L, Hirth KG. Trans-Holocene Bayesian chronology for tree and field crop use from El Gigante rockshelter, Honduras. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287195. [PMID: 37352287 PMCID: PMC10289419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
El Gigante rockshelter in western Honduras provides a deeply stratified archaeological record of human-environment interaction spanning the entirety of the Holocene. Botanical materials are remarkably well preserved and include important tree (e.g., ciruela (Spondias), avocado (Persea americana)) and field (maize (Zea mays), beans (Phaseolus), and squash (Cucurbita)) crops. Here we provide a major update to the chronology of tree and field crop use evident in the sequence. We report 375 radiocarbon dates, a majority of which are for short-lived botanical macrofossils (e.g., maize cobs, avocado seeds, or rinds). Radiocarbon dates were used in combination with stratigraphic details to establish a Bayesian chronology for ~9,800 identified botanical samples spanning the last 11,000 years. We estimate that at least 16 discrete intervals of use occurred during this time, separated by gaps of ~100-2,000 years. The longest hiatus in rockshelter occupation was between ~6,400 and 4,400 years ago and the deposition of botanical remains peaked at ~2,000 calendar years before present (cal BP). Tree fruits and squash appeared early in the occupational sequence (~11,000 cal BP) with most other field crops appearing later in time (e.g., maize at ~4,400 cal BP; beans at ~2,200 cal BP). The early focus on tree fruits and squash is consistent with early coevolutionary partnering with humans as seed dispersers in the wake of megafaunal extinction in Mesoamerica. Tree crops predominated through much of the Holocene, and there was an overall shift to field crops after 4,000 cal BP that was largely driven by increased reliance on maize farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J. Kennett
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas K. Harper
- Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Amber VanDerwarker
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Heather B. Thakar
- Department of Anthropology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alejandra Domic
- Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael Blake
- Department of Biology, Texas Wesleyan University, Forth Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bruce F. Benz
- Department of Anthropology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Richard J. George
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Timothy E. Scheffler
- Department of Anthropology, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Brendan J. Culleton
- Institutes of Energy and the Environment, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Logan Kistler
- Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Kenneth G. Hirth
- Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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11
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Sokhanvar A. The impact of electrification on energy poverty in Honduras. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:73009-73017. [PMID: 37209344 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Sokhanvar
- Graduate School of Economics and Management, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia.
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12
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Witinok-Huber R, Clark ML, Volckens J, Young BN, Benka-Coker ML, Walker E, Peel JL, Quinn C, Keller JP. Effects of household and participant characteristics on personal exposure and kitchen concentration of fine particulate matter and black carbon in rural Honduras. Environ Res 2022; 214:113869. [PMID: 35820656 PMCID: PMC10696621 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Traditional cooking with solid fuels (biomass, animal dung, charcoals, coal) creates household air pollution that leads to millions of premature deaths and disability worldwide each year. Exposure to household air pollution is highest in low- and middle-income countries. Using data from a stepped-wedge randomized controlled trial of a cookstove intervention among 230 households in Honduras, we analyzed the impact of household and personal variables on repeated 24-h measurements of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon (BC) exposure. Six measurements were collected approximately six-months apart over the course of the three-year study. Multivariable mixed models explained 37% of variation in personal PM2.5 exposure and 49% of variation in kitchen PM2.5 concentrations. Additionally, multivariable models explained 37% and 47% of variation in personal and kitchen BC concentrations, respectively. Stove type, season, presence of electricity, primary stove location, kitchen enclosure type, stove use time, and presence of kerosene for lighting were all associated with differences in geometric mean exposures. Stove type explained the most variability of the included variables. In future studies of household air pollution, tracking the cooking behaviors and daily activities of participants, including outdoor exposures, may explain exposure variation beyond the household and personal variables considered here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Witinok-Huber
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Maggie L Clark
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - John Volckens
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Bonnie N Young
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Ethan Walker
- School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Jennifer L Peel
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Casey Quinn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Joshua P Keller
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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13
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García-Santos S, Sánchez-Murillo R, Peña-Paz T, Chirinos-Escobar MJ, Hernández-Ortiz JO, Mejía-Escobar EJ, Ortega L. Water stable isotopes reveal a complex rainfall to groundwater connectivity in central Honduras. Sci Total Environ 2022; 844:156941. [PMID: 35753477 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The inter-mountainous region of central Honduras has been experiencing abrupt urban drinking water shortages during the last decade. Land use fragmentation and rainfall deficits have rapidly reduced surface water quality and quantity in this region. Here we present a 3-yr (2018-2020) tracer study within the headwaters of the Choluteca River basin (2949 km2). We sampled rainfall (weekly N = 156; daily N = 270), drilled wells (N = 166; up to ~300 m depth), boreholes (N = 70; ~4-12 m depth), and springs (N = 128) to assess the spatiotemporal connectivity between rainfall and mean groundwater recharge elevations (MREs). Clear W-shaped incursions characterized rainfall isotopic seasonality from the dry to the wet season. Air mass back trajectory analysis revealed three primary moisture sources: 73 % (east, Caribbean Sea), 17 % (southwest, Pacific Ocean), and 10 % (north; Gulf of Mexico). Groundwater sources exhibited a strong meteoric origin with evidence of secondary evaporation evolution, characterized by low d-excess values. MREs for the drilled wells ranged from 821 to 2018 m asl with a mean value of 1570 ± 150 m asl. Seasonal isotopic variability during dry-wet transitions and the influence of rapid infiltration limited the performance of the MRE method in springs and boreholes. MREs coincided primarily with coniferous forests, pasture, and crop areas, within regions of moderate to high transmissivity. These results are intended to guide the mapping and delineation of critical recharge areas in central Honduras to enhance municipal water regulations, effective environmental protection, and long-term conservation practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S García-Santos
- Instituto Hondureño de Ciencias de la Tierra, IHCIT, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - R Sánchez-Murillo
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas at Arlington, 500 Yates Street, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
| | - T Peña-Paz
- Centro Experimental y de Innovación del Recurso Hídrico (CEIRH), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - M J Chirinos-Escobar
- Instituto Hondureño de Ciencias de la Tierra, IHCIT, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - J O Hernández-Ortiz
- Centro Experimental y de Innovación del Recurso Hídrico (CEIRH), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - E J Mejía-Escobar
- Instituto Hondureño de Ciencias de la Tierra, IHCIT, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - L Ortega
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Isotope Hydrology Section, Vienna International Center, Vienna, Austria
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14
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Paz LDC, Banegas RC, Luz AG, Costa ML. Robson's Ten Group Classification System to Evaluate Cesarean Section Rates in Honduras: The Relevance of Labor Induction. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2022; 44:830-837. [PMID: 36216268 PMCID: PMC9948060 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1753547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To use the Robson Ten Group Classification (RTGC) to analyze cesarean section (CS) rates in a Honduran maternity hospital, with focus in groups that consider induction of labor. METHODS Cross-sectional study. Women admitted for childbirth (August 2017 to October 2018) were classified according to the RTGC. The CS rate for each group and the contribution to the overall CS rate was calculated, with further analyses of the induction of labor among term primiparous (group 2a), term multiparous (group 4a), and cases with one previous CS (group 5.1). RESULTS A total of 4,356 women were considered, with an overall CS rate of 26.1%. Group 3 was the largest group, with 38.6% (1,682/4,356) of the cases, followed by Group 1, with 30.8% (1,342/4,356), and Group 5, with 10.3% (450/4,356). Considering the contribution to overall CS rates per group, Group 5 contributed with 30.4% (345/1,136) of the CSs and within this group, 286/345 (82.9%) had 1 previous CS, with a CS rate > 70%. Groups 1 and 3, with 26.6% (291/1,136) and 13.5% (153/1,136), respectively, were the second and third larger contributors to the CS rate. Groups 2a and 4a had high induction success, with low CS rates (18.4 and 16.9%, respectively). CONCLUSION The RTGC is a useful tool to assess CS rates in different healthcare facilities. Groups 5, 1, and 3 were the main contributors to the CS rate, and groups 2 and 4 showed the impact and importance of induction of labor. These findings may support future interventions to reduce unnecessary CS, especially among primiparous and in women with previous CS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adriana Gomes Luz
- Department of Obstetrics, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Laura Costa
- Department of Obstetrics, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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15
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Ramos-Zaldívar H, Reyes-Perdomo K, Espinoza-Moreno N, Dox-Cruz E, Urbina T, Caballero A, Dominguez E, Calix S, Monterroso-Reyes J, Vásquez E, Ortiz T, Rodríguez-Machado H, Solis M, Silva I, Galeano M, Alvarado A, Medina A, Guerrero-Díaz L, Jiménez-Faraj J, Santos C, Arita W, Montufar D, Sabillón J, Sorto M, Navarro X, Palomo-Bermúdez V, Andino H, Guzman S, Reyes M, Pazf E, Enamorado J, Sagastume Y, Rivera A, Sarmiento C, Pineda X, Puerto V, Landaverde J, Reyes S, Perdomo I, Rivera J, Girón W, Sabillón K, Leiva P, Toro K, Montes-Gambarelli J, Flores C, Salas-Huenuleo E, Andia M. SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF THYMIC PEPTIDES IN THE TREATMENT OF HOSPITALIZED COVID-19 PATIENTS IN HONDURAS. Georgian Med News 2022:99-105. [PMID: 36427851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) active cases continue to demand the development of safe and effective treatments. This is the first clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of oral thymic peptides. ; We conducted a nonrandomized phase 2 trial with a historic control group to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a daily 250-mg oral dose of thymic peptides in the treatment of hospitalized Covid-19 patients. Comparisons based on standard care from registry data were performed after propensity score matching. The primary outcomes were survival, time to recovery, and number of participants with treatment-related adverse events or side effects by day 20. ; A total of 44 patients were analyzed in this study: 22 in the thymic peptide group and 22 in the standard care group. There were no deaths in the intervention group compared to 24% mortality in standard care by day 20 (log-rank P=0.02). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a significantly shorter time to recovery by day 20 in the thymic peptide group than in the standard care group (median, 6 days vs. 12 days; hazard ratio for recovery, 2.75 [95% confidence interval, 1.34 to 5.62]; log-rank P=0.002). No side effects or adverse events were reported. ; In patients hospitalized with Covid-19, the use of thymic peptides resulted in no side effects, adverse events, or deaths by day 20. Compared with the registry data, a significantly shorter time to recovery and mortality reduction were measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ramos-Zaldívar
- 1Grupo de Investigación Médica de la Universidad Católica de Honduras, (GIMUNICAH), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Honduras; 2Doctoral Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - K Reyes-Perdomo
- 1Grupo de Investigación Médica de la Universidad Católica de Honduras, (GIMUNICAH), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Honduras; 3Psiquiatría Infantil y del Adolescente, Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile
| | - N Espinoza-Moreno
- 1Grupo de Investigación Médica de la Universidad Católica de Honduras, (GIMUNICAH), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Honduras
| | - E Dox-Cruz
- 1Grupo de Investigación Médica de la Universidad Católica de Honduras, (GIMUNICAH), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Honduras
| | - Th Urbina
- 1Grupo de Investigación Médica de la Universidad Católica de Honduras, (GIMUNICAH), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Honduras
| | - A Caballero
- 1Grupo de Investigación Médica de la Universidad Católica de Honduras, (GIMUNICAH), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Honduras
| | - E Dominguez
- 1Grupo de Investigación Médica de la Universidad Católica de Honduras, (GIMUNICAH), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Honduras
| | - S Calix
- 1Grupo de Investigación Médica de la Universidad Católica de Honduras, (GIMUNICAH), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Honduras
| | - J Monterroso-Reyes
- 1Grupo de Investigación Médica de la Universidad Católica de Honduras, (GIMUNICAH), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Honduras
| | - E Vásquez
- 1Grupo de Investigación Médica de la Universidad Católica de Honduras, (GIMUNICAH), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Honduras
| | - T Ortiz
- 1Grupo de Investigación Médica de la Universidad Católica de Honduras, (GIMUNICAH), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Honduras
| | - H Rodríguez-Machado
- 1Grupo de Investigación Médica de la Universidad Católica de Honduras, (GIMUNICAH), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Honduras
| | - M Solis
- 1Grupo de Investigación Médica de la Universidad Católica de Honduras, (GIMUNICAH), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Honduras
| | - I Silva
- 1Grupo de Investigación Médica de la Universidad Católica de Honduras, (GIMUNICAH), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Honduras
| | - M Galeano
- 1Grupo de Investigación Médica de la Universidad Católica de Honduras, (GIMUNICAH), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Honduras
| | - A Alvarado
- 1Grupo de Investigación Médica de la Universidad Católica de Honduras, (GIMUNICAH), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Honduras
| | - A Medina
- 1Grupo de Investigación Médica de la Universidad Católica de Honduras, (GIMUNICAH), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Honduras
| | - L Guerrero-Díaz
- 1Grupo de Investigación Médica de la Universidad Católica de Honduras, (GIMUNICAH), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Honduras
| | - J Jiménez-Faraj
- 1Grupo de Investigación Médica de la Universidad Católica de Honduras, (GIMUNICAH), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Honduras; 4Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Juan I. Menchaca, México
| | - C Santos
- 1Grupo de Investigación Médica de la Universidad Católica de Honduras, (GIMUNICAH), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Honduras; 5Hospital del Valle, San Pedro Sula, Honduras
| | - W Arita
- 1Grupo de Investigación Médica de la Universidad Católica de Honduras, (GIMUNICAH), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Honduras
| | - D Montufar
- 1Grupo de Investigación Médica de la Universidad Católica de Honduras, (GIMUNICAH), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Honduras
| | - J Sabillón
- 1Grupo de Investigación Médica de la Universidad Católica de Honduras, (GIMUNICAH), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Honduras
| | - M Sorto
- 1Grupo de Investigación Médica de la Universidad Católica de Honduras, (GIMUNICAH), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Honduras
| | - X Navarro
- 1Grupo de Investigación Médica de la Universidad Católica de Honduras, (GIMUNICAH), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Honduras
| | - V Palomo-Bermúdez
- 1Grupo de Investigación Médica de la Universidad Católica de Honduras, (GIMUNICAH), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Honduras; 5Hospital del Valle, San Pedro Sula, Honduras
| | - H Andino
- 1Grupo de Investigación Médica de la Universidad Católica de Honduras, (GIMUNICAH), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Honduras
| | - S Guzman
- 6Hospital Santa Bárbara Integrado, Santa Bárbara, Honduras
| | - M Reyes
- 6Hospital Santa Bárbara Integrado, Santa Bárbara, Honduras
| | - E Pazf
- 6Hospital Santa Bárbara Integrado, Santa Bárbara, Honduras
| | - J Enamorado
- 6Hospital Santa Bárbara Integrado, Santa Bárbara, Honduras
| | - Y Sagastume
- 6Hospital Santa Bárbara Integrado, Santa Bárbara, Honduras
| | - A Rivera
- 6Hospital Santa Bárbara Integrado, Santa Bárbara, Honduras
| | - C Sarmiento
- 6Hospital Santa Bárbara Integrado, Santa Bárbara, Honduras
| | - X Pineda
- 6Hospital Santa Bárbara Integrado, Santa Bárbara, Honduras
| | - V Puerto
- 6Hospital Santa Bárbara Integrado, Santa Bárbara, Honduras
| | - J Landaverde
- 6Hospital Santa Bárbara Integrado, Santa Bárbara, Honduras6Hospital Santa Bárbara Integrado, Santa Bárbara, Honduras
| | - S Reyes
- 6Hospital Santa Bárbara Integrado, Santa Bárbara, Honduras
| | - I Perdomo
- 6Hospital Santa Bárbara Integrado, Santa Bárbara, Honduras
| | - J Rivera
- 6Hospital Santa Bárbara Integrado, Santa Bárbara, Honduras
| | - W Girón
- 6Hospital Santa Bárbara Integrado, Santa Bárbara, Honduras
| | - K Sabillón
- 6Hospital Santa Bárbara Integrado, Santa Bárbara, Honduras
| | - P Leiva
- 7Triaje de Santa Bárbara, Secretaría de Salud de Honduras
| | - K Toro
- 7Triaje de Santa Bárbara, Secretaría de Salud de Honduras
| | - J Montes-Gambarelli
- 1Grupo de Investigación Médica de la Universidad Católica de Honduras, (GIMUNICAH), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Honduras
| | - C Flores
- 1Grupo de Investigación Médica de la Universidad Católica de Honduras, (GIMUNICAH), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Honduras; 8Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de San Pedro Sula, Secretaría de Salud de Honduras
| | | | - M Andia
- 10Biomedical Imaging Center Radiology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; 11Millennium Nucleus in Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Santiago, Chile
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Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a widespread issue that affects millions of individuals each year. Prior research suggests that IPV approval is associated with an increased likelihood of IPV perpetration. However, scant research has examined predictors of IPV approval, and even less has examined the predictors of IPV approval in Latin America. Social cognitive theory describes the acquisition of ideas, values, attitudes, and behaviors through social observation, including through media. This study uses social cognitive theory to examine the effects of media use on men's approval of IPV in Honduras, while controlling for demographic variables and IPV risk factors. We hypothesized that greater engagement with media (via television, radio, and newspapers or magazines) would be associated with decreases in the approval of IPV. Using ordinal logistic regression, we analyzed data from the Men's Survey Module of the 2011-2012 Honduras Demographic and Health Survey. The final sample included 4,760 currently partnered men. Results suggest that listening to the radio one or more times per week was associated with greater IPV approval, while newspaper/magazine and television use were not significantly associated with IPV approval. Education, marital status, increased age at first cohabitation, and having a female partner or someone else making decisions about earnings were all protective against IPV approval. Further investigation into the content of Honduran radio and other media is called for in order to inform interventions to reduce acceptance of IPV.
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Zúniga-Briceño AI, Erazo-Fino LE, Burgos-Zúniga CC. Resultado materno perinatal de las gestantes con infección confirmada por COVID-19, hospital Santa Teresa, Comayagua, Honduras. Serie de casos. Rev Colomb Obstet Ginecol 2022; 73:175-183. [PMID: 35939414 PMCID: PMC9395197 DOI: 10.18597/rcog.3762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objetivos: Describir el resultado materno y perinatal de las gestantes con infección confirmada por COVID-19 en una institución hospitalaria en Comayagua, Honduras. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo tipo serie de casos. Se incluyeron gestantes sintomáticas que consultaron o fueron remitidas desde el 1 de marzo de 2020 hasta el 31 de marzo del 2021 a una institución pública de referencia, con diagnóstico confirmado por PCR de infección por COVID-19. Se midieron variables sociodemográficas, obstétricas, severidad de la infección, estancia hospitalaria, complicaciones maternas y perinatales. Se estimó la frecuencia de infección por COVID-19 y los resultados maternos y perinatales de estas gestaciones; se realizó análisis descriptivo. Resultados: En el periodo descrito consultaron 2.258 gestantes, de estas se incluyeron 23, quienes cumplieron con los criterios de selección, para una frecuencia de infección por COVID-19 del 1,01 %. La población de estudio se caracterizó por estar constituida por mujeres jóvenes y en unión libre. Trece pacientes recibieron manejo ambulatorio por cuadro clínico leve, diez requirieron hospitalización. Las embarazadas manejadas ambulatoriamente finalizaron la gestación vía cesárea (76,9 %) por estado fetal insaisfactorio, con edad gestacional mayor o igual a 37 semanas, y tres casos fueron pretérmino (36 semanas). De las gestantes hospitalizadas, una desarrolló aborto espontáneo, y nueve finalizaron la gestación por una indicación obstétrica. Se presentó un parto prematuro y se documentó una muerte materna (4 %) y neonatal. Conclusiones: El 1 % de las gestantes adquirieron la infección por COVID-19 en el Hospital Santa Teresa de Comayagua en el perido de estudio. Se requieren más estudios que analicen el impacto materno perinatal de la infección por COVID-19 en la región centroamericana.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luz Enid Erazo-Fino
- Médico de Guardia Unidad de Labor y Partos, Hospital Santa Teresa, Comayagua (Honduras).
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18
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Marten GG, Caballero X, Larios A, Bendaña H. Proof of concept for eliminating Aedes aegypti production by means of integrated control including turtles, copepods, tilapia, larvicides, and community participation in Monte Verde, Honduras. Acta Trop 2022; 227:106269. [PMID: 34896104 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Monte Verde, a peri‑urban squatter community near San Pedro Sula, virtually eliminated Aedes aegypti production in all known larval habitats: wells; water storage containers including pilas (open concrete water tanks used for laundry), 200-liter drums, 1000-liter plastic "cisterns," buckets; and objects collecting rainwater. The project began in 2016 when Monte Verde was overrun with dengue, Zika, and chikungunya. During more than a year of experimentation, Monte Verde residents crafted an effective, sustainable, and environmentally friendly toolkit that was inexpensive but required full community participation. Biological control with copepods, turtles, and tilapia was at the core of the toolkit, along with a mix of other methods such as getting rid of unnecessary containers, scrubbing them to remove Ae. aegypti eggs, and covering them to exclude mosquitoes or rainwater. Environmentally friendly larvicides also had a limited but crucial role. Key design features: (1) toolkit components known to be nearly 100% effective at preventing Ae. aegypti production when fitted to appropriate larval habitats; (2) using Ae. aegypti larval habitats as a resource by transforming them into "egg sinks" to drive Ae. aegypti population decline; (3) dedicated community volunteers who worked with their neighbors, targeting 100% coverage of all known Ae. aegypti larval habitats with an appropriate control method; (4) monthly monitoring in which the volunteers visited every house to assess progress and improve coverage as an ongoing learning experience for both volunteers and residents. Taking pupae as an indicator of Ae. aegypti production, from September 2018 to the end of the record in December 2021 (except for a brief lapse during COVID lockdown in 2020), the monthly count of pupae fluctuated between zero and 0.6% of the 22,984 pupae counted in the baseline survey at the beginning of the project. Adult Ae. aegypti declined to low numbers but did not disappear completely. There were no recognizable cases of dengue, Zika, or chikungunya after June 2018, though the study design based on a single site did not provide a basis for rigorous confirmation that Monte Verde's Ae. aegypti control program was responsible. Nonetheless, Monte Verde's success at eliminating Ae. aegypti production can serve as a model for extending this approach to other communities. Key ingredients for success were outside stimulation and facilitation to foster shared community awareness and commitment regarding the problem and its solution, enduring commitment of local leadership, compatibility of the toolkit with the local community, overcoming social obstacles, rapid results with "success breeding success," and building resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hilda Bendaña
- Operación Bendición Honduras, San Pedro Sula, Honduras
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Kjerfve B, McField M, Thattai D, Giró A. Coral reef health in the Gulf of Honduras in relation to fluvial runoff, hurricanes, and fishing pressure. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 172:112865. [PMID: 34419696 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Gulf of Honduras includes extensive coral reefs in Belize and Guatemala, classified into four biogeographic zones, which are differentially affected by runoff, hurricanes, and fishing. Runoff mostly impacts the coastal and adjacent channel reefs. The Belize Barrier Reef (BBR) experiences less runoff impact due to the prevailing cyclonic ocean circulation. Hurricane waves powerfully impact the BBR, only occasionally the lee-side of Glover's Reef, and rarely the coastal and channel reefs. Fishing pressure is most intense on the coastal and channel reefs, comparatively modest on the BBR, and low at Glover's Reef. The effects of the three local stressors were evaluated using observations from 24 sites in the Gulf of Honduras. Data were analyzed using the Reef Health Index (RHI), with the highest RHI (4.3) for two Glover's Reef sites, medium RHI (2.6) for 10 sites on the barrier reef, and lowest RHI (2.1) for 8 coastal reef sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Kjerfve
- School of the Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - Melanie McField
- Healthy Reefs Initiative, Smithsonian Institution, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | | | - Ana Giró
- Healthy Reefs Initiative, Guatemala City, Guatemala
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Villain P, Carvalho AL, Lucas E, Mosquera I, Zhang L, Muwonge R, Selmouni F, Sauvaget C, Basu P. Cross-sectional survey of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer screening programs in selected low- and middle-income countries: Study from the IARC COVID-19 impact study group. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:97-107. [PMID: 33533501 PMCID: PMC8014228 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a study to document the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on cancer screening continuum in selected low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). LMICs having an operational cancer control plan committed to screen eligible individuals were selected. Managers/supervisors of cancer screening programs were invited to participate in an online survey and subsequent in-depth interview. Managers/supervisors from 18 programs in 17 countries participated. Lockdown was imposed in all countries except Brazil. Screening was suspended for at least 30 days in 13 countries, while diagnostic-services for screen-positives were suspended in 9 countries. All countries except Cameroon, Bangladesh, India, Honduras and China managed to continue with cancer treatment throughout the outbreak. The participants rated service availability compared to pre-COVID days on a scale of 0 (no activities) to 100 (same as before). A rating of ≤50 was given for screening services by 61.1%, diagnostic services by 44.4% and treatment services by 22.2% participants. At least 70% participants strongly agreed that increased noncompliance of screen-positive individuals and staff being overloaded or overwhelmed with backlogs would deeply impact screening programs in the next 6 months at least. Although many of the LMICs were deficient in following the "best practices" to minimize service disruptions, at least some of them made significant efforts to improve screening participation, treatment compliance and program organization. A well-coordinated effort is needed to reinitiate screening services in the LMICs, starting with a situational analysis. Innovative strategies adopted by the programs to keep services on-track should be mutually shared.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric Lucas
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Li Zhang
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - Partha Basu
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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21
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Sharp TM, Morris S, Morrison A, de Lima Corvino D, Santiago GA, Shieh WJ, Rico E, Kopp E, Muñoz-Jordán JL, Marttos A, Paz-Bailey G, Abbo LM, Stanek D. Fatal Dengue Acquired in Florida. N Engl J Med 2021; 384:2257-2259. [PMID: 34107186 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2023298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler M Sharp
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, PR
| | | | | | | | | | - Wun-Ju Shieh
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
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Cardona Cordero NR, Ramos JP, Tavarez ZQ, McIntosh S, Avendaño E, DiMare C, Ossip DJ, De Ver Dye T. Relationship between perceived social support and postpartum care attendance in three Latin American countries: a cross-sectional analytic study. Glob Health Res Policy 2021; 6:16. [PMID: 33958000 PMCID: PMC8103641 DOI: 10.1186/s41256-021-00196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum Care is a strategy to improve survival of women and newborns, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Early post-partum care can promote healthy behaviors and the identification of risk factors associated with poorer pregnancy-related outcomes. The objective of this study was to assess the association of perceived social support with attendance to post-partum care in women from three Latin-American and Caribbean countries: Costa Rica, Dominican Republic and Honduras. METHODS Women aged 18+ who completed a pregnancy in the past 5 years were interviewed in local healthcare and community settings in each country. Perceived social support (PSS) was the primary explanatory variable and the primary outcome was self-reported attendance to post-partum care. Odds Ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals derived from logistic regression documented the association between variables. Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) were calculated, controlling for social and pregnancy-related confounders. Hosmer- Lemeshow's Goodness-of-Fit statistic was computed to assess model fit. RESULTS Our cohort of 1199 women across the three Latin-American and Caribbean countries showed relatively high attendance to post-partum care (82.6%, n = 990). However, 51.7% (n = 581) of women reported lower levels of total PSS. Women were more likely to attend postpartum care if they had mean and higher levels of PSS Family subscale (OR: 1.9, 95%CI: 1.4, 2.7), Friends subscale (OR 1.3, 95%CI: 0.9,1.8), Significant Other subscale (OR 1.8, 95%CI: 1.3, 2.4) and the Total PSS (OR 1.8, 95%CI: 1.3, 2.5). All associations were statistically significant at p < 0.05, with exception of the Friends subscale. Women with higher levels of total PSS were more likely to attend to post-partum care (AOR:1.40, 0.97, 1.92) even after controlling for confounders (education, country, and food insecurity). CONCLUSIONS Women with higher perceived social support levels were more likely to attend to post-partum care. From all countries, women from Dominican Republic had lower perceived social support levels and this may influence attendance at post-partum care for this subgroup. Societal and geographic factors can act as determinants when evaluating perceived social support during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy R. Cardona Cordero
- University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department Research Division, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - José Perez Ramos
- University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department Research Division, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Zahira Quiñones Tavarez
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Santiago De Los Caballeros, 51000 República Dominicana
| | - Scott McIntosh
- University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department Research Division, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Esteban Avendaño
- Universidad de Ciencias Médicas, 400 metros oeste del M.A.G., Carr. Vieja a Escazú, San José, 10108 Costa Rica
| | - Carmen DiMare
- Universidad de Ciencias Médicas, 400 metros oeste del M.A.G., Carr. Vieja a Escazú, San José, 10108 Costa Rica
| | - Deborah J. Ossip
- University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department Research Division, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Timothy De Ver Dye
- University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department Research Division, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
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Flynn TG, Dunaway CM, LaRochelle E, Lyons K, Kennedy LS, Romano ME, Li Z, Spaller MR, Cervinski MA, Bejarano S, Tsongalis GJ, Huyck KL. Reducing dermal exposure to agrochemical carcinogens using a fluorescent dye-based intervention among subsistence farmers in rural Honduras. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 234:113734. [PMID: 33799075 PMCID: PMC10805516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational exposure to agrochemicals, some of which are known or suspected carcinogens, is a major health hazard for subsistence agricultural workers and their families. These impacts are more prevalent in low-and-middle income countries (LMIC) due to weak regulations, lack of awareness of the risks of contamination, predominant use of handheld backpack style spraying equipment, general lack of personal protective equipment (PPE), and low literacy about proper agrochemical application techniques. Reducing exposure to agrochemicals was identified as a paramount concern by rural Hondurans working with a community-engaged research initiative. Fluorescent tracer dyes have been described as a means of visualizing and quantifying dermal exposure to agricultural chemicals, and exposure models adapted for LMIC have been developed previously. Tracer dyes have also been used in educational simulations to promote pesticide safety. However, studies evaluating the effectiveness of these educational dye interventions in reducing future exposure have been lacking. AIM To evaluate whether observing one's own chemical contamination after applying agrochemicals changed the amount of occupational dermal exposure during a subsequent chemical application. METHODS We employed a multi-modal community intervention in a rural village in Honduras that incorporated chemical safety education and use of a fluorescent tracer dye during pesticide application on two consecutive occasions, and compared dermal exposure between the intervention group (previous dye experience and safety education, n = 6) and the control group (safety education only, n = 7). RESULTS Mean total visual score (TVS) of the tracer dye, which accounts for both extent and intensity of whole-body contamination, was lower among those who had previously experienced the dye intervention (mean TVS = 41.3) than among participants who were dye-naïve (mean TVS = 78.4), with a difference between means of -37.10 (95% CI [-66.26, -7.95], p = 0.02). Stratifying by body part, contamination was significantly lower for the anterior left lower extremity and bilateral feet for the dye-experienced group vs. dye-naïve, with most other segments showing a trend toward decreased contamination as well. CONCLUSION Participants who had previously experienced the dye intervention were significantly less contaminated than the dye-naïve control group during a subsequent spraying event. The findings of this small pilot study suggest that a multi-modal, community-based approach that utilizes fluorescence-augmented contamination for individualized learning (FACIL) may be effective in reducing dermal exposure to carcinogenic agrochemicals among subsistence farmers in Honduras and other LMIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Flynn
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Rope Ferry Road, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
| | - Charlene M Dunaway
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Rope Ferry Road, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
| | - Ethan LaRochelle
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
| | - Kathleen Lyons
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.
| | - Linda S Kennedy
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.
| | - Megan E Romano
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Rope Ferry Road, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
| | - Zhongze Li
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Rope Ferry Road, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
| | - Mark R Spaller
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Rope Ferry Road, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA; Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
| | - Mark A Cervinski
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.
| | - Suyapa Bejarano
- La Liga Contra el Cáncer, Barrio Suyapa, 8 Calle, 10-11 Avenida, San Pedro Sula, Cortés, C.A, Honduras.
| | - Gregory J Tsongalis
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.
| | - Karen L Huyck
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA; Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA.
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Benka-Coker ML, Young BN, Keller JP, Walker ES, Rajkumar S, Volckens J, Good N, Quinn C, L'Orange C, Weller ZD, Africano S, Osorto Pinel AB, Peel JL, Clark ML. Impact of the wood-burning Justa cookstove on fine particulate matter exposure: A stepped-wedge randomized trial in rural Honduras. Sci Total Environ 2021; 767:144369. [PMID: 33429278 PMCID: PMC7919923 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
TRIAL DESIGN We evaluated the impact of a biomass stove intervention on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations using an individual-level, stepped-wedge randomized trial. METHODS We enrolled 230 women in rural Honduran households using traditional biomass stoves and randomly allocated them to one of two study arms. The Justa stove, the study intervention, was locally-sourced, wood-burning, and included an engineered combustion chamber and chimney. At each of 6 visits over 3 years, we measured 24-hour gravimetric personal and kitchen PM2.5 concentrations. Half of the households received the intervention after Visit 2 and half after Visit 4. We conducted intent-to-treat analyses to evaluate the intervention effect using linear mixed models with log-transformed kitchen or personal PM2.5 (separately) as the dependent variable, adjusting for time. We also compared PM2.5 concentrations to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. RESULTS Arms 1 and 2 each had 115 participants with 664 and 632 completed visits, respectively. Median 24-hour average personal PM2.5 exposures were 81 μg/m3 (25th-75th percentile: 50-141 μg/m3) for the traditional stove condition (n=622) and 43 μg/m3 (25th-75th percentile: 27-73 μg/m3) for the Justa stove condition (n=585). Median 24-hour average kitchen concentrations were 178 μg/m3 (25th-75th percentile: 69-440 μg/m3; n=629) and 53 μg/m3 (25th-75th percentile: 29-103 μg/m3; n=578) for the traditional and Justa stove conditions, respectively. The Justa intervention resulted in a 32% reduction in geometric mean personal PM2.5 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 20-43%) and a 56% reduction (95% CI: 46-65%) in geometric mean kitchen PM2.5. During rainy and dry seasons, 53% and 41% of participants with the Justa intervention had 24-hour average personal PM2.5 exposures below the WHO interim target-3 guideline (37.5 μg/m3), respectively. CONCLUSION The Justa stove intervention substantially lowered personal and kitchen PM2.5 and may be a provisional solution that is feasible for Latin American communities where cleaner fuels may not be available, affordable, or acceptable for some time. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02658383.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bonnie N Young
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Joshua P Keller
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ethan S Walker
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Sarah Rajkumar
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - John Volckens
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Nicholas Good
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Casey Quinn
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Christian L'Orange
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Zachary D Weller
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Anibal B Osorto Pinel
- Trees, Water & People, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Asociación Hondureña para el Desarrollo, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Jennifer L Peel
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Maggie L Clark
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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Fagbamigbe AF, Oyinlola FF, Morakinyo OM, Adebowale AS, Fagbamigbe OS, Uthman AO. Mind the gap: what explains the rural-nonrural inequality in diarrhoea among under-five children in low and medium-income countries? A decomposition analysis. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:575. [PMID: 33757471 PMCID: PMC7988905 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10615-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diarrhoea poses serious health problems among under-five children (U5C) in Low-and Medium-Income Countries (LMIC) with a higher prevalence in rural areas. A gap exists in knowledge on factors driving rural-non-rural inequalities in diarrhoea development among U5C in LMIC. This study investigates the magnitude of rural-non-rural inequalities in diarrhoea and the roles of individual-level and neighbourhood-level factors in explaining these inequalities. METHODS Data of 796,150 U5C, from 63,378 neighbourhoods across 57 LMIC from the most recent Demographic and Health Survey (2010-2018) was analysed. The outcome variable was the recent experience of diarrhoea while independent variables consist of the individual- and neighbourhood-level factors. Data were analysed using multivariable Fairlie decomposition at p < 0.05 in Stata Version 16 while visualization was implemented in R Statistical Package. RESULTS Two-thirds (68.0%) of the children are from rural areas. The overall prevalence of diarrhoea was 14.2, 14.6% vs 13.4% among rural and non-rural children respectively (p < 0.001). From the analysis, the following 20 countries showed a statistically significant pro-rural inequalities with higher odds of diarrhoea in rural areas than in nonrural areas at 5% alpha level: Albania (OR = 1.769; p = 0.001), Benin (OR = 1.209; p = 0.002), Burundi (OR = 1.399; p < 0.001), Cambodia (OR = 1.201; p < 0.031), Cameroon (OR = 1.377; p < 0.001), Comoros (OR = 1.266; p = 0.029), Egypt (OR = 1.331; p < 0.001), Honduras (OR = 1.127; p = 0.027), India (OR = 1.059; p < 0.001), Indonesia (OR = 1.219; p < 0.001), Liberia (OR = 1.158; p = 0.017), Mali (OR = 1.240; p = 0.001), Myanmar (OR = 1.422; p = 0.004), Namibia (OR = 1.451; p < 0.001), Nigeria (OR = 1.492; p < 0.001), Rwanda (OR = 1.261; p = 0.010), South Africa (OR = 1.420; p = 0.002), Togo (OR = 1.729; p < 0.001), Uganda (OR = 1.214; p < 0.001), and Yemen (OR = 1.249; p < 0.001); and pro-non-rural inequalities in 9 countries. Variations exist in factors associated with pro-rural inequalities across the 20 countries. Overall main contributors to pro-rural inequality were neighbourhood socioeconomic status, household wealth status, media access, toilet types, maternal age and education. CONCLUSIONS The gaps in the odds of diarrhoea among rural children than nonrural children were explained by individual-level and neighbourhood-level factors. Sustainable intervention measures that are tailored to country-specific needs could offer a better approach to closing rural-non-rural gaps in having diarrhoea among U5C in LMIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Fagbamigbe
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
- Division of Health Sciences, Populations, Evidence and Technologies Group, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
- Division of Population and Behavioural Studies, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, Fife, UK.
| | - F F Oyinlola
- Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - O M Morakinyo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - A S Adebowale
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - O S Fagbamigbe
- Techmodia, London, West Sussex, UK
- Portsmouth Business School, Faculty of Business and Law, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - A O Uthman
- Division of Health Sciences, Populations, Evidence and Technologies Group, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Sierra Castillo L, Fujiwara M. Assessment of a small-scale fishery: Lane Snapper (Lutjanus synagris) using a length metric method. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0233479. [PMID: 33524063 PMCID: PMC7850502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-scale fisheries are hard to assess because of the limited availability of data. Therefore, a method requiring easy-to-obtain catch-data is important for the assessment and management of small-scale fisheries. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of fishing gear selectivity on a length-based metric method proposed by Froese by estimating three indicators using catch-data from Lane Snapper (Lutjanus synagris) collected in Honduras. These indicators are (1) the percentage of mature individuals in the catch, (2) the percentage of fish within the range of estimated optimal lengths to be captured, and (3) the percentage of fish larger than the optimal length. These indicators determine the level of overfishing. The indicators were estimated separately for catch-data corresponding to gill nets, and each indicator was estimated with and without selectivity correction. Selectivity and mesh sizes of the fishing gear had a major impact on the estimation of indicators 1 and 2. As for indicator 3, it consistently showed a high level of exploitation. The three estimated indicators suggested that the Lane Snapper fishery in Honduras is experiencing overfishing. Overall, the method appears to be promising for the assessment of small-scale fisheries, but it should be used cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Sierra Castillo
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Masami Fujiwara
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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Malik FA, Alonso JP, Sanclemente LN, Vilajeliu A, Gutierrez M, Gonzalez-Casanova I, Jones D, Omer S, Ropero AM, Belizán M. Health care providers perspectives about maternal immunization in Latin America. Vaccine 2020; 39 Suppl 2:B50-B54. [PMID: 33127187 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antenatal care providers have a key role in providing appropriate information and immunization recommendations to improve pregnant women's vaccine uptake. The objective of this study is to describe health care providers' perspectives and experience regarding the implementation of maternal immunization programs in Latin America. METHODS We conducted 33 in-depth interviews of health care providers from Argentina, Brazil, Honduras, Mexico, and Peru (6-7 per country). Qualitative data analysis was conducted using a combination of both manual techniques and the computer software program NVivo. We identified and coded main themes related to maternal immunization. RESULTS The main themes identified in this analysis were practices related to maternal immunization, knowledge and training, resource availability and interactions with pregnant women. Healthcare providers knew that recommendations exists but some did not know their content; they expressed concerns about insufficient training. Providers from all five countries expressed the need for additional human resources and supplies. They also expressed a desire for women to be more proactive and ask more questions during the health visits. CONCLUSION This is the first multi-country study assessing the perspectives of health care providers about maternal immunization practices at the facility level in Latin America. Recommendations based on the results from this study include implementing additional trainings around maternal immunization, especially targeting obstetricians and midwives. These trainings should be conducted in coordination with improvements to supply chain and other structural issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauzia A Malik
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Juan Pedro Alonso
- Qualitative Health Research Unit, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Lauren N Sanclemente
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| | - Alba Vilajeliu
- Comprehensive Family Immunization Unit, Department of Family, Health Promotion, and Life Course (FPL), Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) / WHO Regional Office for the Americas, Washington DC, United States.
| | - Mariana Gutierrez
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| | - Ines Gonzalez-Casanova
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Indiana University Bloomington School of Public Health, Department of Applied Health Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington IN, United States.
| | - Daniel Jones
- Qualitative Health Research Unit, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Saad Omer
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale Institute for Global Health, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Epidemiology of Micorbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Alba-Maria Ropero
- Comprehensive Family Immunization Unit, Department of Family, Health Promotion, and Life Course (FPL), Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) / WHO Regional Office for the Americas, Washington DC, United States.
| | - María Belizán
- Qualitative Health Research Unit, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Lardizábal CC, Martínez DE, Zamora LE, McMahan CD, Matamoros WA. An insular record of the Mayan cichlid Mayaheros urophthalmus (Günther, 1862) (Cichliformes: Cichlidae) on an island 70 km offshore in the Honduran Caribbean. J Fish Biol 2020; 97:1273-1275. [PMID: 32779729 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the first record of the Mayan cichlid, Mayaheros urophthalmus, occurring on an offshore island 70 km from the mainland, the most distant record from the mainland to date. Specimens were collected during several ichthyological surveys on the island of Guanaja, Honduras in November 2019. Mayan cichlids are euryhaline fishes that perform very well in fresh, brackish and marine waters. It has been hypothesized that their high tolerance to salinity and potential of using costal waterways has facilitated the colonization and expansion of M. urophthalmus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia C Lardizábal
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, San Pedro Sula, Honduras
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales del Norte de Honduras. Zona el Playón, San Pedro Sula, Honduras
| | - Dilenia E Martínez
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, San Pedro Sula, Honduras
| | - Lesbia E Zamora
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, San Pedro Sula, Honduras
| | | | - Wilfredo A Matamoros
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico
- Maestría en Ciencias en Biodiversidad y Conservación de Ecosistemas Tropicales. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico
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Deeney M, Harris‐Fry H. What influences child feeding in the Northern Triangle? A mixed-methods systematic review. Matern Child Nutr 2020; 16:e13018. [PMID: 32452642 PMCID: PMC7507456 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Optimising child feeding behaviours could improve child health in Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador, where undernutrition rates remain high. However, the design of interventions to improve child feeding behaviours is limited by piecemeal, theoretically underdeveloped evidence on factors that may influence these behaviours. Between July 2018 and January 2020, we systematically searched Cochrane, Medline, EMBASE, Global Health and LILACS databases, grey literature websites and reference lists, for evidence of region-specific causes of child feeding behaviours and the effectiveness of related interventions and policies. The Behaviour Change Wheel was used as a framework to synthesise and map the resulting literature. We identified 2,905 records and included 68 relevant studies of mixed quality, published between 1964 and 2019. Most (n = 50) were quantitative, 15 were qualitative and three used mixed methods. A total of 39 studies described causes of child feeding behaviour; 29 evaluated interventions or policies. Frequently cited barriers to breastfeeding included mothers' beliefs and perceptions of colostrum and breast milk sufficiency; fears around child illness; and familial and societal pressures, particularly from paternal grandmothers. Child diets were influenced by similar beliefs and mothers' lack of money, time and control over household finances and decisions. Interventions (n = 22) primarily provided foods or supplements with education, resulting in mixed effects on breastfeeding and child diets. Policy evaluations (n = 7) showed positive and null effects on child feeding practices. We conclude that interventions should address context-specific barriers to optimal feeding behaviours, use behaviour change theory to apply appropriate techniques and evaluate impact using robust research methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Deeney
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population HealthLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | - Helen Harris‐Fry
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population HealthLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineLondonUK
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Hernandez Santana A, Waleska Bodden Andrade S, Rojas Aleman D, Enríquez JP, Di Iorio AB. Evaluation of the Nutritional Quality of Processed Foods in Honduras: Comparison of Three Nutrient Profiles. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17197060. [PMID: 32992498 PMCID: PMC7579440 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is considered a global pandemic. Different countries have worked to implement front-of-package (FOP) labeling systems that define thresholds for critical nutrients (CN) as part of their public health policies. The objective of this study is to identify the proportion of Processed (PF) and Ultra-Processed (UPF) Foods marketed in Honduras, which meet or fall short of the criteria of three Nutrient Profile Models (NPM): PAHO (2016), Chile (2017) and the Central American Technical Regulation Proposal-Nutritional Warning Front Labeling (CATRP-NWFL 2017). This study is descriptive; 1009 products from 206 brands were collected nationwide. Descriptive statistics were performed. The mean CN compliance with the three models was 49.3% for sodium, 30.6% for sugars, 63.1% and 96% for saturated and trans fats. The PAHO and Chilean (NPM) similarly concentrated on the lower compliance with the established criteria, unlike the CATRP, which has less stringent criteria. This is the first assessment of CN content in PF and UPF in Honduras under three different NPMs. We highlight the importance of defining or adopting criteria for the implementation of NWFL as information for the consumer and thereby contribute to reducing the risks of obesity and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Hernandez Santana
- Human Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Zamorano University, San Antonio de Oriente, Francisco Morazan, Tegucigalpa 11101, Honduras;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +504-33896283
| | | | - Dina Rojas Aleman
- Zamorano University, San Antonio de Oriente, Francisco Morazan, Tegucigalpa 11101, Honduras;
| | - Jean Pierre Enríquez
- Masters Program in Sustainable Tropical Agriculture, Graduate Department, Zamorano University, Tegucigalpa 11101, Honduras;
| | - Adriana Beatriz Di Iorio
- Human Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Zamorano University, San Antonio de Oriente, Francisco Morazan, Tegucigalpa 11101, Honduras;
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Leyton A. A latent class analysis to identify how patterns of Intimate Partner Violence influence Early Childhood Development outcomes in Honduras. Child Abuse Negl 2020; 107:104609. [PMID: 32629290 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) against women is a complex phenomenon with long-term consequences for victims and their families. OBJECTIVE The goals of this study are two-fold: to identify common patterns of co-occurring and/or successive experiences with IPV; and to study the association between these IPV patterns and outcomes of Early Childhood Development (ECD) among the victim's children. DATA AND PARTICIPANTS Data was obtained from the 2011-12 Honduras Demographic Health Survey (DHS). METHODS A Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was conducted to define homogeneous patterns of experiences with IPV in terms of the type, severity, timing of the last event, and perpetrator of the violence. Outcomes of interest were binary variables indicating if a child is developmentally on track according to the ECD index and its four domains. LCA with distal outcomes and multivariate logistic regressions were used to measure the association between IPV patterns and ECD outcomes. RESULTS Five patterns of lifetime experiences with IPV were identified: (1)"no violence"; (2)"physical and sexual violence by an ex-partner"; (3)"current emotional violence"; (4)"current controlling, emotional and physical violence"; and (5)"past controlling, emotional and physical violence". Multivariate results show that children were less likely to be developmentally on track if their mothers were exposed to patterns of "physical and sexual violence by an ex-partner" or "current controlling, emotional and physical violence", relative to children whose mothers had not experienced violence. Further analysis of specific ECDI domains suggested that IPV hampers children's socioemotional development, but it is not associated with other domains of ECD. CONCLUSION Experiencing a pattern of co-occurrent forms of IPV negatively influences ECD and the socio-emotional development of the victim's children in low and middle-income countries. This study provides initial evidence about the complexity of this phenomenon and its long-lasting sequels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Leyton
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Ste 2200-11, New Orleans, LA, 70112, United States.
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Reddy A, Bosch I, Salcedo N, Herrera BB, de Puig H, Narváez CF, Caicedo-Borrero DM, Lorenzana I, Parham L, García K, Mercado M, Turca AMR, Villar-Centeno LA, Gélvez-Ramírez M, Ríos NAG, Hiley M, García D, Diamond MS, Gehrke L. Development and Validation of a Rapid Lateral Flow E1/E2-Antigen Test and ELISA in Patients Infected with Emerging Asian Strain of Chikungunya Virus in the Americas. Viruses 2020; 12:E971. [PMID: 32882998 PMCID: PMC7552019 DOI: 10.3390/v12090971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its 2013 emergence in the Americas, Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has posed a serious threat to public health. Early and accurate diagnosis of the disease, though currently lacking in clinics, is integral to enable timely care and epidemiological response. We developed a dual detection system: a CHIKV antigen E1/E2-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a lateral flow test using high-affinity anti-CHIKV antibodies. The ELISA was validated with 100 PCR-tested acute Chikungunya fever samples from Honduras. The assay had an overall sensitivity and specificity of 51% and 96.67%, respectively, with accuracy reaching 95.45% sensitivity and 92.03% specificity at a cycle threshold (Ct) cutoff of 22. As the Ct value decreased from 35 to 22, the ELISA sensitivity increased. We then developed and validated two lateral flow tests using independent antibody pairs. The sensitivity and specificity reached 100% for both lateral flow tests using 39 samples from Colombia and Honduras at Ct cutoffs of 20 and 27, respectively. For both lateral flow tests, sensitivity decreased as the Ct increased after 27. Because CHIKV E1/E2 are exposed in the virion surfaces in serum during the acute infection phase, these sensitive and specific assays demonstrate opportunities for early detection of this emerging human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Reddy
- E25Bio, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Irene Bosch
- E25Bio, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Bobby Brooke Herrera
- E25Bio, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Helena de Puig
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carlos F Narváez
- Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
| | - Diana María Caicedo-Borrero
- Departamento de Salud Pública y Epidemiología de la Pontificia Universidad, Javeriana Cali y Escuela de Salud Pública de la Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Ivette Lorenzana
- Instituto de Investigación en Microbiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Leda Parham
- Instituto de Investigación en Microbiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Kimberly García
- Instituto de Investigación en Microbiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Marcela Mercado
- Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Angélica María Rico Turca
- Laboratorio de Virología, Dirección de Redes en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis A Villar-Centeno
- Departments of Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander and AEDES Network, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Margarita Gélvez-Ramírez
- Departments of Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander and AEDES Network, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Natalia Andrea Gómez Ríos
- Departments of Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander and AEDES Network, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Megan Hiley
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dawlyn García
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lee Gehrke
- E25Bio, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Gualy S, Herrera C, Warden C, Valle T, Barnum J, Colman B, Siu A, Swanson JW. Enabling Community Health Worker Recognition and Referral of Surgical Diseases: Pilot Study Results of a Pictorial Guide. World J Surg 2020; 43:2949-2958. [PMID: 31511941 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-019-05173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Access to surgical care is a pressing challenge, particularly for vulnerable populations. Informal and formal community health workers (CHWs), including lay people, increasingly function in pivotal roles in primary care, however, remain disconnected from surgical care in most environments. This study examined the degree to which CHW understanding of surgical conditions could be improved through the use of a pictorially based manual. METHODS A manual and associated situational problem-solving questionnaire instrument were developed and contextualized through focus groups in Central America. A baseline assessment was obtained. In the program implementation, cohorts of formal and informal CHWs were introduced and trained to use the manual through a short curriculum. Assessment was repeated in program implementation, first with access to relevant manual content only, and then after the teaching session. Participants were also surveyed about manual scheme, usability, and utility. RESULTS A total of 100 subjects (67% female) participated in baseline assessment, and 403 subjects (68% female) were assessed through the program implementation. Baseline problem-solving averaged 11.8 (SD 2.46) out of a possible 20 points. Mean score increased to 15.4 (SD 3.10) when participants had access to relevant surgical manual content and again to 15.9 (SD 3.09, p < 0.0001) following participation with an instructive curriculum. Participant score while utilizing the manual correlated with amount of education completed (r = 0.26), but baseline score did not. High readability 389 (96%) and high self-reported willingness for use 398 (96%) were noted. CONCLUSION Baseline familiarity with surgically treatable conditions appears modest among rural Central American populations, and improves with access to a contextualized, pictorial manual focused on recognizing and appropriately referring surgical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Gualy
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Operation Smile, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
- Operation Smile, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Christopher Herrera
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Operation Smile, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
- Operation Smile, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Clara Warden
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tyron Valle
- General Surgery, Hospital Carlos Centeno, Siuna, Nicaragua
| | - Jeanie Barnum
- Operation Smile, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
- Operation Smile, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Bessy Colman
- Operation Smile, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
- Operation Smile, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Armando Siu
- Operation Smile, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
- Operation Smile, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Jordan W Swanson
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Operation Smile, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
- Operation Smile, Managua, Nicaragua.
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Vega-López S, Armenta K, Eckert G, Maupomé G. Cross-Sectional Association between Behaviors Related to Sugar-Containing Foods and Dental Outcomes among Hispanic Immigrants. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17145095. [PMID: 32679717 PMCID: PMC7400676 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A cross-sectional, self-administered survey was used to gather information about dental outcomes, sugar-containing food behaviors and intake, and sociodemographic characteristics of adults of Mexican and Central-American (Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras) origin (n = 517). Bivariate and multiple-variable logistic regressions were used to examine the associations of behaviors related to added sugar-containing foods/beverages (overall intake and consumption before bed) with dental outcomes. Outcome measures involved dental outcomes, dental self-care practices, and added sugar intake. Estimated daily added sugar intake among all participants was 98 (SD = 99) g, with no difference in consumption among participants from different countries. The majority of added sugar (63 (SD = 74) g) was provided by sugar-sweetened beverages. Participants who reported consuming sugar-containing foods or beverages within an hour before bed were more likely to report having a fair/poor/very poor condition of teeth and gums and having felt dental pain (p < 0.05 for all). The amount of sugar intake was associated with being prescribed medication for oral or dental problems (p = 0.008) and dental pain (p = 0.003). Findings support the association between sugar containing food–related behaviors and dental problems among Hispanic immigrants to the U.S. Health promotion and preventive interventions for this population should consider these behaviors as modifiable contributors to adverse dental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Vega-López
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-602-496-3350
| | - Karla Armenta
- SDSU Health LINK Center for Transdisciplinary Health Disparities Research, San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92120, USA;
| | - George Eckert
- School of Medicine, Indiana University/Purdue University in Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Gerardo Maupomé
- Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University/Purdue University in Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Indiana University Network Science Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
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Fagbamigbe AF, Kandala NB, Uthman AO. Demystifying the factors associated with rural-urban gaps in severe acute malnutrition among under-five children in low- and middle-income countries: a decomposition analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11172. [PMID: 32636405 PMCID: PMC7341744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67570-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
What explains the underlying causes of rural-urban differentials in severe acute malnutrition (SAM) among under-five children is poorly exploited, operationalized, studied and understood in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). We decomposed the rural-urban inequalities in the associated factors of SAM while controlling for individual, household, and neighbourhood factors using datasets from successive demographic and health survey conducted between 2010 and 2018 in 51 LMIC. The data consisted of 532,680 under-five children nested within 55,823 neighbourhoods across the 51 countries. We applied the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique to quantify the contribution of various associated factors to the observed rural-urban disparities in SAM. In all, 69% of the children lived in rural areas, ranging from 16% in Gabon to 81% in Chad. The overall prevalence of SAM among rural children was 4.8% compared with 4.2% among urban children. SAM prevalence in rural areas was highest in Timor-Leste (11.1%) while the highest urban prevalence was in Honduras (8.5%). Nine countries had statistically significant pro-rural (significantly higher odds of SAM in rural areas) inequality while only Tajikistan and Malawi showed statistically significant pro-urban inequality (p < 0.05). Overall, neighbourhood socioeconomic status, wealth index, toilet types and sources of drinking water were the most significant contributors to pro-rural inequalities. Other contributors to the pro-rural inequalities are birth weight, maternal age and maternal education. Pro-urban inequalities were mostly affected by neighbourhood socioeconomic status and wealth index. Having SAM among under-five children was explained by the individual-, household- and neighbourhood-level factors. However, we found variations in the contributions of these factors. The rural-urban dichotomy in the prevalence of SAM was generally significant with higher odds found in the rural areas. Our findings suggest the need for urgent intervention on child nutrition in the rural areas of most LMIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. F. Fagbamigbe
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Division of Health Sciences, Populations, Evidence and Technologies Group, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - N. B. Kandala
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering (MPEE), Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A. O. Uthman
- Division of Health Sciences, Populations, Evidence and Technologies Group, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Carrasco Navas-Parejo JC, Corzo A, Papaspyrou S. Seasonal cycles of phytoplankton biomass and primary production in a tropical temporarily open-closed estuarine lagoon - The effect of an extreme climatic event. Sci Total Environ 2020; 723:138014. [PMID: 32392678 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Temporarily open-closed estuaries and estuarine lagoons are among the most complex aquatic ecosystems, prone to undergo rapid changes in response to global change and other anthropogenic impacts. Nonetheless, studies on the factors that control annual cycles of phytoplanktonic biomass and primary production in such systems, especially tropical ones, are still scarce. Even less information exists on the effect increasingly frequent extreme climatic events (ECE) might have on their dynamics. For this purpose, we monitored the changes in ecological conditions in the Los Micos estuarine lagoon (Honduras) by sampling monthly during an annual cycle that included several changes in the lagoon's mouth phase and attempted to understand which environmental factors affect phytoplanktonic biomass and primary production. We also evaluated the impact of, and recovery from, a tropical storm ECE. Annual mean net production (Pn), integrated for the euphotic zone, (4.3 ± 2.8 gC m-2 d-1) and Chlorophyll a (27.1 ± 19.1 mg m-3) values in Los Micos place it as one of the more productive estuaries worldwide. The physico-chemical characteristics of the lagoon clearly depended on mouth phase; however, the values of Chla and Pn did not show significant differences between the open and closed phases. The application of distance-based multivariate linear models did not show any clear dominant model being able to explain the observed Chla and Pn patterns. The most parsimonious models included among others, salinity, particulate organic carbon and PO43-, which suggests that primary production is controlled by multiple factors. During the ECE, about 19% of DIN, 91% of DSi and PO43-, 60% of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, and 86% of Chla were exported to the sea, greatly reducing Pn. However, Chla and Pn values recovered to pre-storm levels within 30 days, indicating that these biological variables are highly resilient in Los Micos Lagoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Carrasco Navas-Parejo
- Department of Biology, University of Cádiz, Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEIMAR), Polígono Rio San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Tela, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Boulevard Suyapa, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
| | - Alfonso Corzo
- Department of Biology, University of Cádiz, Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEIMAR), Polígono Rio San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), University of Cádiz, Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEIMAR), Polígono Rio San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain..
| | - Sokratis Papaspyrou
- Department of Biology, University of Cádiz, Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEIMAR), Polígono Rio San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), University of Cádiz, Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEIMAR), Polígono Rio San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain..
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Belaunzaran-Zamudio PF, Caro-Vega Y, Giganti MJ, Castilho JL, Crabtree-Ramirez BE, Shepherd BE, Mejía F, Cesar C, Moreira RC, Wolff M, Pape JW, Padgett D, McGowan CC, Sierra-Madero JG. Frequency of non-communicable diseases in people 50 years of age and older receiving HIV care in Latin America. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233965. [PMID: 32555607 PMCID: PMC7299309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing population of older adults with HIV will increase demands on HIV-related healthcare. Nearly a quarter of people receiving care for HIV in Latin America are currently 50 years or older, yet little is known about the frequency of comorbidities in this population. We estimated the prevalence and incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among people 50 years of age or older (≥50yo) receiving HIV care during 2000-2015 in six centers affiliated with the Caribbean, Central and South American network for HIV epidemiology (CCASAnet). METHODS We estimated the annual prevalence, and overall prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, psychiatric disorders, chronic liver and renal diseases, and non-AIDS-defining cancers, and multimorbidity (more than one NCD) of people ≥50yo receiving care for HIV. Analyses were performed according to age at enrollment into HIV care (<50yo and ≥50yo). RESULTS We included 3,415 patients ≥50yo, of whom 1,487(43%) were enrolled at age ≥50 years. The annual prevalence of NCDs increased from 32% to 68% and multimorbidity from 30% to 40% during 2000-2015. At the last registered visit, 53% of patients enrolled <50yo and 50% of those enrolled ≥50yo had at least one NCD. Most common NCDs at the last visit in each age-group at enrollment were dyslipidemia (36% in <50yo and 28% in ≥50yo), hypertension (17% and 18%), psychiatric disorders (15% and 10%), and diabetes (11% and 12%). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of NCDs and multimorbidity in people ≥50 years receiving care for HIV in CCASAnet centers in Latin America increased substantially in the last 15 years. Our results make evident the need of planning for provision of complex, primary care for aging adults living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo F. Belaunzaran-Zamudio
- Departamento de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yanink Caro-Vega
- Departamento de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mark J. Giganti
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jessica L. Castilho
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Brenda E. Crabtree-Ramirez
- Departamento de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bryan E. Shepherd
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Fernando Mejía
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Rodrigo C. Moreira
- Fundacão Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Wolff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fundación Arriarán, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | | | - Denis Padgett
- Instituto Hondureño de Seguridad Social, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Catherine C. McGowan
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Juan G. Sierra-Madero
- Departamento de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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Bosch I, Reddy A, de Puig H, Ludert JE, Perdomo-Celis F, Narváez CF, Versiani A, Fandos D, Nogueira ML, Singla M, Lodha R, Medigeshi GR, Lorenzana I, Ralde HV, Gélvez-Ramírez M, Villar LA, Hiley M, Mendoza L, Salcedo N, Herrera BB, Gehrke L. Serotype-specific detection of dengue viruses in a nonstructural protein 1-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay validated with a multi-national cohort. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008203. [PMID: 32579555 PMCID: PMC7351204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue virus (DENV) infections pose one of the largest global barriers to human health. The four serotypes (DENV 1-4) present different symptoms and influence immune response to subsequent DENV infections, rendering surveillance, risk assessments, and disease control particularly challenging. Early diagnosis and appropriate clinical management is critical and can be achieved by detecting DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) in serum during the acute phase. However, few NS1-based tests have been developed that are capable of differentiating DENV serotypes and none are currently commercially available. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPLE FINDINGS We developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to distinguish DENV-1-4 NS1 using serotype-specific pairs of monoclonal antibodies. A total of 1,046 antibodies were harvested from DENV-immunized mice and screened for antigen binding affinity. ELISA clinical performance was evaluated using 408 polymerase chain reaction-confirmed dengue samples obtained from patients in Brazil, Honduras, and India. The overall sensitivity of the test for pan-DENV was 79.66% (325/408), and the sensitivities for DENV-1-4 serotyping were 79.1% (38/48), 80.41% (78/97), 100% (45/45), and 79.6% (98/123), respectively. Specificity reached 94.07-100%. SIGNIFICANCE Our study demonstrates a robust antibody screening strategy that enabled the development of a serotype NS1-based ELISA with maximized specific and sensitive antigen binding. This sensitive and specific assay also utilized the most expansive cohort to date, and of which about half are from Latin America, a geographic region severely underrepresented in previous similar studies. This ELISA test offers potential enhanced diagnostics during the acute phase of infection to help guide patient care and disease control. These results indicate that this ELISA is a promising aid in early DENV-1-4 diagnosis and surveillance in regions of endemicity in addition to offer convenient monitoring for future vaccine interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Bosch
- E25Bio, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ankita Reddy
- E25Bio, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Helena de Puig
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Juan E. Ludert
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Carlos F. Narváez
- Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Colombia
| | - Alice Versiani
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Diana Fandos
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mauricio L. Nogueira
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Mohit Singla
- Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Lodha
- Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Ivette Lorenzana
- Instituto de Investigación en Microbiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Hugo Vicente Ralde
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | - Luis A. Villar
- Universidad Industrial de Santander and AEDES Network, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Megan Hiley
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Laura Mendoza
- E25Bio, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nol Salcedo
- E25Bio, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bobby Brooke Herrera
- E25Bio, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lee Gehrke
- E25Bio, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Piedrahita R, Johnson M, Bilsback KR, L'Orange C, Kodros JK, Eilenberg SR, Naluwagga A, Shan M, Sambandam S, Clark M, Pierce JR, Balakrishnan K, Robinson AL, Volckens J. Comparing regional stove-usage patterns and using those patterns to model indoor air quality impacts. Indoor Air 2020; 30:521-533. [PMID: 31943353 PMCID: PMC8886689 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring improved cookstove adoption and usage in developing countries can help anticipate potential health and environmental benefits that may result from household energy interventions. This study explores stove-usage monitor (SUM)-derived usage data from field studies in China (52 stoves, 1422 monitoring days), Honduras (270 stoves, 630 monitoring days), India (19 stoves, 565 monitoring days), and Uganda (38 stoves, 1007 monitoring days). Traditional stove usage was found to be generally similar among four seemingly disparate countries in terms of cooking habits, with average usage of between 171 and 257 minutes per day for the most-used stoves. In Honduras, where survey-based usage data were also collected, there was only modest agreement between sensor data and self-reported user data. For Indian homes, we combined stove-usage data with a single-zone Monte Carlo box model to estimate kitchen-level PM2.5 and CO concentrations under various scenarios of cleaner cookstove adoption. We defined clean cookstove performance based on the International Standards Organization (ISO) voluntary guidelines. Model results showed that even with 75% displacement of traditional stoves with the cleanest available stove (ISO tier-5), World Health Organization 24 hours PM2.5 standards were exceeded in 96.4% of model runs, underscoring the importance of full displacement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kelsey R Bilsback
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Christian L'Orange
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - John K Kodros
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Sarah Rose Eilenberg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Agnes Naluwagga
- Centre for Research in Energy and Energy Conservation (CREEC), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ming Shan
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sankar Sambandam
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Maggie Clark
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Jeffrey R Pierce
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Kalpana Balakrishnan
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Allen L Robinson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - John Volckens
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
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Guerrero-Araya E, Meneses C, Castro-Nallar E, Guzmán D. AM, Álvarez-Lobos M, Quesada-Gómez C, Paredes-Sabja D, Rodríguez C. Origin, genomic diversity and microevolution of the Clostridium difficile B1/NAP1/RT027/ST01 strain in Costa Rica, Chile, Honduras and Mexico. Microb Genom 2020; 6:e000355. [PMID: 32176604 PMCID: PMC7371124 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium difficile B1/NAP1/RT027/ST01 has been responsible for outbreaks of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in clinical settings worldwide and is associated with severe disease presentations and increased mortality rates. Two fluoroquinolone-resistant (FQR) lineages of the epidemic B1/NAP1/RT027/ST01 strain emerged in the USA in the early 1990s and disseminated trans continentally (FQR1 and FQR2). However, it is unclear when and from where they entered Latin America (LA) and whether isolates from LA exhibit unique genomic features when compared to B1/NAP1/RT027/ST01 isolates from other regions of the world. To answer the first issue we compared whole-genome sequences (WGS) of 25 clinical isolates typed as NAP1, RT027 or ST01 in Costa Rica (n=16), Chile (n=5), Honduras (n=3) and Mexico (n=1) to WGS of 129 global isolates from the same genotype using Bayesian phylogenomics. The second question was addressed through a detailed analysis of the number and type of mutations of the LA isolates and their mobile resistome. All but two B1/NAP1/RT027/ST01 isolates from LA belong to the FQR2 lineage (n=23, 92 %), confirming its widespread distribution. As indicated by analysis of a dataset composed of 154 WGS, the B1/NAP1/RT027/ST01 strain was introduced into the four LA countries analysed between 1998 and 2005 from North America (twice) and Europe (at least four times). These events occurred soon after the emergence of the FQR lineages and more than one decade before the first report of the detection of the B1/NAP1/RT027/ST01 in LA. A total of 552 SNPs were identified across all genomes examined (3.8-4.3 Mb) in pairwise comparisons to the R20291 reference genome. Moreover, pairwise SNP distances were among the smallest distances determined in this species so far (0 to 55). Despite this high level of genomic conservation, 39 unique SNPs (7 %) in genes that play roles in the infection process (i.e. slpA) or antibiotic resistance (i.e. rpoB, fusA) distinguished the LA isolates. In addition, isolates from Chile, Honduras and Mexico had twice as many antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs, n=4) than related isolates from other regions. Their unique set of ARGs includes a cfr-like gene and tetM, which were found as part of putative mobile genetic elements whose sequences resemble undescribed integrative and conjugative elements. These results show multiple, independent introductions of B1/NAP1/RT027/ST01 isolates from the FQR1 and FQR2 lineages from different geographical sources into LA and a rather rapid accumulation of distinct mutations and acquired ARG by the LA isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Guerrero-Araya
- Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Microbiota-Host Interactions & Clostridia Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Meneses
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Castro-Nallar
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana M. Guzmán D.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Álvarez-Lobos
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Quesada-Gómez
- Facultad de Microbiología & Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Daniel Paredes-Sabja
- Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Microbiota-Host Interactions & Clostridia Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - César Rodríguez
- Facultad de Microbiología & Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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Benka-Coker ML, Peel JL, Volckens J, Good N, Bilsback KR, L'Orange C, Quinn C, Young BN, Rajkumar S, Wilson A, Tryner J, Africano S, Osorto AB, Clark ML. Kitchen concentrations of fine particulate matter and particle number concentration in households using biomass cookstoves in rural Honduras. Environ Pollut 2020; 258:113697. [PMID: 31875572 PMCID: PMC7068841 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cooking and heating with solid fuels results in high levels of household air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM); however, limited data exist for size fractions smaller than PM2.5 (diameter less than 2.5 μm). We collected 24-h time-resolved measurements of PM2.5 (n = 27) and particle number concentrations (PNC, average diameter 10-700 nm) (n = 44; 24 with paired PM2.5 and PNC) in homes with wood-burning traditional and Justa (i.e., with an engineered combustion chamber and chimney) cookstoves in rural Honduras. The median 24-h PM2.5 concentration (n = 27) was 79 μg/m3 (interquartile range [IQR]: 44-174 μg/m3); traditional (n = 15): 130 μg/m3 (IQR: 48-250 μg/m3); Justa (n = 12): 66 μg/m3 (IQR: 44-97 μg/m3). The median 24-h PNC (n = 44) was 8.5 × 104 particles (pt)/cm3 (IQR: 3.8 × 104-1.8 × 105 pt/cm3); traditional (n = 27): 1.3 × 105 pt/cm3 (IQR: 3.3 × 104-2.0 × 105 pt/cm3); Justa (n = 17): 6.3 × 104 pt/cm3 (IQR: 4.0 × 104-1.2 × 105 pt/cm3). The 24-h average PM2.5 and particle number concentrations were correlated for the full sample of cookstoves (n = 24, Spearman ρ: 0.83); correlations between PM2.5 and PNC were higher in traditional stove kitchens (n = 12, ρ: 0.93) than in Justa stove kitchens (n = 12, ρ: 0.67). The 24-h average concentrations of PM2.5 and PNC were also correlated with the maximum average concentrations during shorter-term averaging windows of one-, five-, 15-, and 60-min, respectively (Spearman ρ: PM2.5 [0.65, 0.85, 0.82, 0.71], PNC [0.74, 0.86, 0.88, 0.86]). Given the moderate correlations observed between 24-h PM2.5 and PNC and between 24-h and the shorter-term averaging windows within size fractions, investigators may need to consider cost-effectiveness and information gained by measuring both size fractions for the study objective. Further evaluations of other stove and fuel combinations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Benka-Coker
- Department of Health Sciences, Gettysburg College, 300 North Washington Street, Campus Box 432, Gettysburg, PA, 17325, USA; Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Jennifer L Peel
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - John Volckens
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Nicholas Good
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Kelsey R Bilsback
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Christian L'Orange
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Casey Quinn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Bonnie N Young
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Sarah Rajkumar
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Ander Wilson
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Jessica Tryner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Sebastian Africano
- Trees, Water & People, 633 Remington Street, Fort Collins, CO, 80524, USA
| | - Anibal B Osorto
- Asociación Hondureña para el Desarrollo, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Maggie L Clark
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
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Bradatan C, Dennis JA, Flores-Yeffal N, Swain S. Child health, household environment, temperature and rainfall anomalies in Honduras: a socio-climate data linked analysis. Environ Health 2020; 19:10. [PMID: 31992324 PMCID: PMC6986158 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-0560-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As climate research continues to highlight the global shifts in temperature and precipitation, more research is needed to understand how climate anomalies impact human health outcomes. In this paper, we analyze one of the paths through which climate anomalies affect health (in particular, child's health) within one of poorest countries in the world (Honduras). METHODS Using the GPS location of the household, we link information on child health and house amenities from the Honduras Demographic Health Survey 2011-2012 dataset (a nationally representative sample) with climate data (1981-2012) from the Climate Research Unit (CRU TS3.21). We use generalized estimating equations for binary logistic models and spatial association to analyze these data. RESULTS We show that 1) areas experiencing significant temperature anomalies are also the ones with the worst child respiratory problems and 2) in households with poor amenities - such as access to sanitation and clean water, children tend to have a high incidence of respiratory diseases and diarrhea . CONCLUSIONS We conclude that, as climate change increases the incidence of climate anomalies, tackling in advance those household environmental factors responsible for poor child health outcomes (better sanitation and clean cooking fuel) can prevent a further deterioration of children's health in Honduras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bradatan
- Department of SASW, Texas Tech University, Holden Hall 158, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
- Climate Science Center, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Dennis
- Department of Public Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Odessa, USA
| | - Nadia Flores-Yeffal
- Department of SASW, Texas Tech University, Holden Hall 158, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
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Sobrino-Gregorio L, Tanleque-Alberto F, Bataller R, Soto J, Escriche I. Using an automatic pulse voltammetric electronic tongue to verify the origin of honey from Spain, Honduras, and Mozambique. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:212-217. [PMID: 31487046 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growing need to classify the origin of honey in a simple way is leading to the development of affordable analytical equipment that is in-line and manageable, enabling rapid on-site screening. The aim of this work was therefore to evaluate whether an electronic tongue (made of four metallic electrodes: Ir, Rh, Pt, Au), based on potential multistep pulse voltammetry with electrochemical polishing, is able to differentiate between honey samples from Spain, Honduras, and Mozambique. RESULTS It was demonstrated, for the first time, that automatic pulse voltammetry, in combination with principal component analysis (PCA) statistical analysis, was able to differentiate honey samples from these three countries. A partial least squares (PLS) analysis predicted the level of certain physicochemical parameters, the best results being for conductivity and moisture with correlation coefficients of 0.948 and 0.879, whereas the weakest correlation was for the sugars. CONCLUSION The tool proposed in this study could be applied to identify the country origin of the three types of multifloral honey considered here. It also offers promising perspectives for expanding knowledge of the provenance of honey. All of this could be achieved when a comprehensive database with the information generated by this electronic tongue has been created. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Sobrino-Gregorio
- Instituto de Ingeniería de Alimentos para el Desarrollo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Román Bataller
- Instituto de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Centro Mixto Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Soto
- Instituto de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Centro Mixto Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Escriche
- Instituto de Ingeniería de Alimentos para el Desarrollo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos (DTA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
Two photographs of caregivers walking through a Honduran jungle to visit patients in their homes literally and figuratively represent barriers to health care access.
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Bottazzi
- Associate Dean, National School of Tropical Medicine, Professor in Pediatric Tropical Medicine and Molecular Virology and Immunology and Co-director Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Texas, United States.
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De Jesus M, Hernandes C. Generalized Violence as a Threat to Health and Well-Being: A Qualitative Study of Youth Living in Urban Settings in Central America's "Northern Triangle". Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16183465. [PMID: 31540367 PMCID: PMC6765918 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras rank among the top 10 countries experiencing violence in the world, despite not being at war. Although there is abundant literature on generalized violence in this “northern triangle” of Central America as a driver of out-migration to the United States, very little is known about the perspectives and experiences of youth who do not migrate. This study aimed to elicit the emic perspectives of youth residing in the region on how the day-to-day generalized violence produces a pervasive threat to the overall health and human security of youth as well as the key protective factors and resiliencies at work. We conducted two separate waves of qualitative research in 2015 and 2018 over a 6-month period, which included 60 in-depth interviews and six focus groups among Salvadoran, Guatemalan and Honduran youth living in urban areas. Qualitative thematic analysis revealed two meta-themes: (1) ‘Lack of health,’ defined as not experiencing peace within the family, the community, and the country’ and (2) ‘Resilience.’ Thematic clusters that reflect the first meta-theme are: (1) violence as a common occurrence; (2) living in fear and insecurity; (3) victimization; and (4) lack of state protection and services. Thematic clusters for the second meta-theme are: (1) a positive future outlook and a commitment to education; (2) transnational and local family network support; and (3) engagement in community-based youth groups. To interpret the findings, we adopt the Latin American Social Medicine and Collective Health (LASM-CH) approach that prioritizes perspectives from the region. Generalized violence is conceptualized as a systemic phenomenon that is generated and reproduced through the complex interactions of structural inequities and unequal power relations. The findings of this study provide new insights into the implementation of a different approach to address the generalized violence, insights that may guide multi-sectoral health policies and interventions both in the region and transnationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Jesus
- School of International Service, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
- Center on Health, Risk, and Society, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
| | - Carissa Hernandes
- School of International Service, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
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Abstract
The population of the Central American scarlet macaw ( Ara macao cyanoptera) and other parrots have and continue to decline throughout the region largely from poaching to supply the illegal wildlife trade. Conservation efforts address this issue through protection efforts, including community patrols and government engagement, as well as nest monitoring, rescue and release operations, capacity building, and education and consciousness raising programs, all of which rely on long-lasting relationships and commitment. Using these principles, in 2010, a coalition of people came together, including the authors, to build a conservation program against overwhelming odds and with surprising success.
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