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Farzamikia N, Hejazian SM, Mostafavi S, Baradaran B, Zununi Vahed S, Ardalan M. Podocyte-specific proteins in urinary extracellular vesicles of patients with IgA nephropathy: Vasorin and ceruloplasmin. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2023; 14:29981. [PMID: 38938751 PMCID: PMC11199928 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2023.29981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) can be considered biomarkers of kidney diseases. EVs derived from podocytes may reflect podocyte damage in different glomerular diseases. IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the most common forms of glomerulonephritis (GN) characterized by proteinuria and hematuria. This study aimed to analyze the uEVs of IgAN patients to understand the pathophysiological processes of the disease at the protein level. Methods Patients with GN [biopsy-proven IgAN (n = 16) and membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN, n = 16)], and healthy controls (n = 16) were included in this study. The uEVs were extracted, characterized, and analyzed to evaluate the protein levels of candidate markers of IgAN, including vasorin precursor, aminopeptidase N, and ceruloplasmin by western-blot analysis. Results Higher levels of both podocytes and EVs-related proteins were observed in the pooled urine samples of GN patients compared to the healthy controls. In IgAN patients, uEV-protein levels of vasorin were statistically lower while levels of ceruloplasmin were significantly higher compared to MGN (P = 0.002, P = 0.06) and healthy controls, respectively (P = 0.020, P= 0.001). Conclusion Different levels of the studied proteins in uEVs may indicate podocyte injury and represent a direct association with the pathology of IgAN and MGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Farzamikia
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Soroush Mostafavi
- Department of Cardiology, Hazrat-e-Rasool General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Aymonnier K, Amsler J, Lamprecht P, Salama A, Witko‐Sarsat V. The neutrophil: A key resourceful agent in immune‐mediated vasculitis. Immunol Rev 2022; 314:326-356. [PMID: 36408947 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The term "vasculitis" refers to a group of rare immune-mediated diseases characterized by the dysregulated immune system attacking blood vessels located in any organ of the body, including the skin, lungs, and kidneys. Vasculitides are classified according to the size of the vessel that is affected. Although this observation is not specific to small-, medium-, or large-vessel vasculitides, patients show a high circulating neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, suggesting the direct or indirect involvement of neutrophils in these diseases. As first responders to infection or inflammation, neutrophils release cytotoxic mediators, including reactive oxygen species, proteases, and neutrophil extracellular traps. If not controlled, this dangerous arsenal can injure the vascular system, which acts as the main transport route for neutrophils, thereby amplifying the initial inflammatory stimulus and the recruitment of immune cells. This review highlights the ability of neutrophils to "set the tone" for immune cells and other cells in the vessel wall. Considering both their long-established and newly described roles, we extend their functions far beyond their direct host-damaging potential. We also review the roles of neutrophils in various types of primary vasculitis, including immune complex vasculitis, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis, polyarteritis nodosa, Kawasaki disease, giant cell arteritis, Takayasu arteritis, and Behçet's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Aymonnier
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, CNRS 8104 Paris France
| | - Jennifer Amsler
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, CNRS 8104 Paris France
| | - Peter Lamprecht
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
| | - Alan Salama
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Free Hospital University College London London UK
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Xu S, Han S, Dai Y, Wang L, Zhang X, Ding Y. A Review of the Mechanism of Vascular Endothelial Injury in Immunoglobulin A Vasculitis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:833954. [PMID: 35370802 PMCID: PMC8966136 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.833954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) vasculitis (IgAV), also known as Henoch-Schönlein purpura, is the most common form of childhood vasculitis. It is characterized by cutaneous hemorrhage, resulting from red blood cell leakage into the skin or mucosae, possibly caused by damage to small blood vessels. These acute symptoms usually disappear without treatment. Endothelial cells are distributed on the inner surfaces of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, and have important functions in metabolism and endocrine function, as well as being the primary targets of external stimuli and endogenous immune activity. Injury to endothelial cells is a feature of IgA vasculitis. Endothelial cell damage may be related to the deposition of immune complexes, the activation of complement, inflammatory factors, and chemokines, oxidative stress, hemodynamics, and coagulation factors. Both epigenetic mechanisms and genetic diversity provide a genetic background for endothelial cell injury. Here, research on the role of endothelial cells in allergic IgA vasculitis is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Xu
- Pediatric Kidney Disease Center, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Han
- Pediatric Kidney Disease Center, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanlin Dai
- Pediatric Kidney Disease Center, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Long Wang
- Pediatric Kidney Disease Center, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Pediatric Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Pediatric Kidney Disease Center, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Ding,
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Song YR, Guo WL, Sheng M, Lin Q, Zhu XM, Li XZ. Risk factors associated with renal crescentic formation in pediatric Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:501. [PMID: 33131493 PMCID: PMC7604931 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02404-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term prognosis of Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) depends on the severity of renal involvement, and crescent formation is considered an important risk factor for poor prognosis of Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN). The objective of this study was to evaluate factors affecting crescent formation in children with HSPN. METHODS Demographic factors, clinical characteristics, and laboratory data of children with HSPN with or without crescents were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the risk factors of crescent formation in HSPN. RESULTS A total of 191 children with HSPN were enrolled in the study. There were 107 (56%) males and 84 (44%) females, with a median age of 7 years (range: 2 years-15 years). International Study of Kidney Disease in Children (ISKDC) grading was used to divide subjects into two groups: those without glomerular crescent formation (ISKDC grades I-II, n = 146 cases) and those with glomerular crescent formation (ISKDC grades III-V, n = 45 cases). Logistic regression analysis showed that higher urinary white blood cell (WBC) count (OR = 3.300; 95% CI, 1.119-9.739; P = 0.0306) and higher urinary microalbumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) (OR = 25.053; 95% CI, 1.354-463.708; P = 0.0305) were independent risk factors for the formation of crescents in HSPN. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of urinary WBC and ACR were 0.753 and 0.698 respectively, with the Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test (P = 0.0669, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION These results suggest that higher urinary WBC count and ACR should be strictly monitored for children with HSPN. Adequate clinical intervention for these risk factors may limit or prevent renal crescent formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Rui Song
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 92 Zhongnan Street, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wan-Liang Guo
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 92 Zhongnan Street, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mao Sheng
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 92 Zhongnan Street, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 303 Jingde Road, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue-Ming Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 92 Zhongnan Street, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Li
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 303 Jingde Road, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China.
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Yilmaz EPT, Un H, Gundogdu B, Polat E, Askin S, Topdagi YE, Halici Z. Protective Effect of Lycopene against Reperfusion Injury in Rats with Ovarian Torsion: A Biochemical and Histopathological Evaluation. J Lab Physicians 2020; 12:32-37. [PMID: 32792791 PMCID: PMC7419174 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of two different doses of lycopene, an antioxidant, on experimentally induced ovarian ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury in rat model.
Materials and Methods
Twenty-four female rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation (group 1), 3-hour ischemia, 3-hour reperfusion (IR) (group 2), and IR + 100 mg/kg lycopene (PO) (group 3), IR + 200 mg/kg of lycopene (group 4). The rats’ superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) levels were calculated. Ovarian tissue damage was assessed using a histopathological scoring system.
Results
Serum parameter levels and histological scores showed that treatment with lycopene may be conservative approach to prevent IR injury after the ovarian detorsion procedure.The improvement with lycopene was higher at 200 mg than at 100 mg. The MPO and MDA values were significantly lower in groups 3 and 4 as compared with group 2 (
p
< 0.05), whereas the MPO and MDA values were lower in group 4 as compared with group 3.The SOD and GSH values were significantly higher in groups 3 and 4 as compared with group 2 (
p
< 0.05), whereas the SOD and GSH values were higher in group 4 as compared with group 3.Tissue damage scores were elevated in the IR group compared with the sham group, but the treatment with different lycopene doses after reperfusion improved the histopathological tissue damage scores.
Conclusion
The results showed that lycopene treatment reduced ovarian IR damage. Antioxidant activity was found to increase in a dose-dependent manner. Lycopene treatment may be conservative approach for ovarian torsion patients after the detorsion procedure to prevent IR damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harun Un
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ağrı Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Betul Gundogdu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Elif Polat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Seda Askin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yunus Emre Topdagi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sanko University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Zekai Halici
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Orton DJ, Doucette AA, Huang WY, MacLellan DL. Exosomal proteomic analysis reveals changes in the urinary proteome of rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction. CAN J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Congenital urinary tract obstruction (UTO) is a commonly noted disorder with the potential to cause permanent loss of renal function. Due to the possibility of spontaneous resolution, postnatal management strategies require lengthy and invasive surveillance methods to monitor the status of renal function and severity of obstruction. Here, a quantitative proteome analysis of urinary exosomes from weanling rats with surgically introduced UTO identifies a number of candidate biomarkers with the potential to improve diagnostic and prognostic methods for this disease. Using gel-assisted digestion coupled to liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), 318 proteins were identified. Relative protein quantitation by spectral counting showed 190 proteins with significant changes in abundance due to either partial or complete obstruction. Numerous proteins identified here have been shown to be similarly altered in abundance in other renal diseases that cause tubule apoptosis and interstitial fibrosis. Extrapolating the role of the proteins showing quantifiable changes in abundance here from other forms of renal disease suggests they have potential for clinical applicability as biomarkers of congenital UTO. Included in the list of identified proteins are markers of apoptosis, oxidative stress, fibrosis, inflammation, and tubular cell damage, which are commonly associated with UTO. This study therefore provides a number of candidate biomarkers that, following validation in children experiencing UTO, have the potential to improve postnatal management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis J. Orton
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, 11th Floor Tupper Medical Building, Room 11B, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Alan A. Doucette
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Room 212, Chemistry Building, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Weei-Yuarn Huang
- Department of Pathology, 5788 University Avenue, MacKenzie Building Room 717, Halifax, NS B3H 1V8, Canada
| | - Dawn L. MacLellan
- Department of Urology, 1st Floor IWK Health Centre, 5850 University Avenue, Halifax, NS B3J 3G9, Canada
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Khan AA, Alsahli MA, Rahmani AH. Myeloperoxidase as an Active Disease Biomarker: Recent Biochemical and Pathological Perspectives. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:medsci6020033. [PMID: 29669993 PMCID: PMC6024665 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) belongs to the family of heme-containing peroxidases, produced mostly from polymorphonuclear neutrophils. The active enzyme (150 kDa) is the product of the MPO gene located on long arm of chromosome 17. The primary gene product undergoes several modifications, such as the removal of introns and signal peptides, and leads to the formation of enzymatically inactive glycosylated apoproMPO which complexes with chaperons, producing inactive proMPO by the insertion of a heme moiety. The active enzyme is a homodimer of heavy and light chain protomers. This enzyme is released into the extracellular fluid after oxidative stress and different inflammatory responses. Myeloperoxidase is the only type of peroxidase that uses H₂O₂ to oxidize several halides and pseudohalides to form different hypohalous acids. So, the antibacterial activities of MPO involve the production of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species. Controlled MPO release at the site of infection is of prime importance for its efficient activities. Any uncontrolled degranulation exaggerates the inflammation and can also lead to tissue damage even in absence of inflammation. Several types of tissue injuries and the pathogenesis of several other major chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, liver diseases, diabetes, and cancer have been reported to be linked with MPO-derived oxidants. Thus, the enhanced level of MPO activity is one of the best diagnostic tools of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers among these commonly-occurring diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad A Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, AlQassim, P.O. Box 6699, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, AlQassim, P.O. Box 6699, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Arshad H Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, AlQassim, P.O. Box 6699, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
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Wang W, Jian Z, Guo J, Ning X. Increased levels of serum myeloperoxidase in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Life Sci 2014; 117:19-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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9
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Moon PG, Lee JE, You S, Kim TK, Cho JH, Kim IS, Kwon TH, Kim CD, Park SH, Hwang D, Kim YL, Baek MC. Proteomic analysis of urinary exosomes from patients of early IgA nephropathy and thin basement membrane nephropathy. Proteomics 2011; 11:2459-75. [PMID: 21595033 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To identify biomarker candidates associated with early IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and thin basement membrane nephropathy (TBMN), the most common causes presenting isolated hematuria in childhood, a proteomic approach of urinary exosomes from early IgAN and TBMN patients was introduced. The proteomic results from the patients were compared with a normal group to understand the pathophysiological processes associated with these diseases at the protein level. The urinary exosomes, which reflect pathophysiological processes, collected from three groups of young adults (early IgAN, TBMN, and normal) were trypsin-digested using a gel-assisted protocol, and quantified by label-free LC-MS/MS, using an MS(E) mode. A total of 1877 urinary exosome proteins, including cytoplasmic, membrane, and vesicle trafficking proteins, were identified. Among the differentially expressed proteins, four proteins (aminopeptidase N, vasorin precursor, α-1-antitrypsin, and ceruloplasmin) were selected as biomarker candidates to differentiate early IgAN from TBMN. We confirmed the protein levels of the four biomarker candidates by semi-quantitative immunoblot analysis in urinary exosomes independently prepared from other patients, including older adult groups. Further clinical studies are needed to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of these urinary markers for early IgAN and TBMN. Taken together, this study showed the possibility of identifying biomarker candidates for human urinary diseases using urinary exosomes and might help to understand the pathophysiology of early IgAN and TBMN at the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyong-Gon Moon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Increased plasma myeloperoxidase levels in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatol Int 2009; 30:779-84. [PMID: 19639322 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-009-1067-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2009] [Accepted: 07/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to quantify plasma myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and to evaluate a correlation between MPO levels and disease activity. 71 female SLE patients and 70 controls were studied. Patients were divided into two groups: Group I (n = 48) with SLEDAI-2K score 0-5 and Group II (n = 23) with SLEDAI-2K score > or = 6. Mann-Whitney test and Spearman rank correlation were used. Two-sided P values < 0.05 were considered significant and P values > or = 0.05 and < 0.08 were considered as a tendency. The median age of patients and controls were comparable and the mean disease duration was 99.2 +/- 61.7 months. MPO levels were higher in patients than controls [5.99 (4.38-8.64) vs. 5.00 (3.33-7.08) ng/ml, P = 0.02]. We did not find correlation between MPO levels and SLEDAI-2k (r = 0.07, P = 0.58). MPO levels were not affected by treatment with prednisone, cyclophosphamide or azathioprine, however, a tendency of lower levels was observed among patients under antimalarial drugs. There was no significant difference in MPO plasma levels between Group I and Group II (5.83 vs. 6.02 ng/ml, P = 0.99). MPO levels were higher in patients with arthritis than in those without arthritis (8.15 vs. 5.56 ng/ml, P = 0.010). No difference was observed among patients with and without other organs/systems involvement. SLE patients presented increased MPO plasma levels than healthy controls. Despite the lack of correlation between MPO plasma levels and disease activity, the higher MPO levels in patients with articular involvement suggests MPO may play a different role in the inflammatory process of some SLE manifestations.
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Yang YH, Chuang YH, Wang LC, Huang HY, Gershwin ME, Chiang BL. The immunobiology of Henoch–Schönlein purpura. Autoimmun Rev 2008; 7:179-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2007.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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