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Boeschoten LE, Sass-Klaassen U, Vlam M, Comans RNJ, Koopmans GF, Meyer-Sand BRV, Tassiamba SN, Tchamba MT, Zanguim HT, Zemtsa PT, Zuidema PA. Clay and soil organic matter drive wood multi-elemental composition of a tropical tree species: Implications for timber tracing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157877. [PMID: 35944644 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Forensic methods to independently trace timber origin are essential to combat illegal timber trade. Tracing product origin by analysing their multi-element composition has been successfully applied in several commodities, but its potential for timber is not yet known. To evaluate this potential the drivers of wood multi-elemental composition need to be studied. Here we report on the first study relating wood multi-elemental composition of forest trees to soil chemical and physical properties. We studied the reactive soil element pools and the multi-elemental composition in sapwood and heartwood for 37 Azobé (Lophira alata) trees at two forest sites in Cameroon. A total of 46 elements were measured using ICP-MS. We also measured three potential drivers of soil and wood elemental composition: clay content, soil organic matter and pH. We tested associations between soil and wood using multiple regressions and multivariate analyses (Mantel test, db-RDA). Finally, we performed a Random Forest analysis of heartwood elemental composition to check site assignment accuracy. We found elemental compositions of soil, sapwood and heartwood to be significantly associated. Soil clay content and organic matter positively influenced individual element concentrations (for 13 and 9 elements out of 46 respectively) as well as the multi-elemental composition in wood. However, associations between wood and topsoil elemental concentrations were only significant for one element. We found close associations between element concentrations and composition in sapwood and heartwood. Lastly, the Random Forest assignment success was 97.3 %. Our findings indicate that wood elemental composition is associated with that in the topsoil and its variation is related to soil clay and organic matter content. These associations suggests that the multi-elemental composition of wood can yield chemical fingerprints obtained from sites that differ in soil properties. This finding in addition to the high assignment accuracy shows potential of multi-element analysis for tracing wood origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Boeschoten
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands.
| | - Ute Sass-Klaassen
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands
| | - Mart Vlam
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands; Forest and Nature Management, Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, the Netherlands
| | - Rob N J Comans
- Soil Chemistry and Chemical Soil Quality, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands
| | - Gerwin F Koopmans
- Soil Chemistry and Chemical Soil Quality, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands
| | | | - Steve N Tassiamba
- Laboratory of Environmental Geomatics, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Martin T Tchamba
- Laboratory of Environmental Geomatics, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Herman T Zanguim
- Laboratory of Environmental Geomatics, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Pascaline T Zemtsa
- Laboratory of Environmental Geomatics, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Pieter A Zuidema
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands
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Gavrikov V, Fertikov A, Sharafutdinov R, Pyzhev A, Vaganov E. Dendrochemical Challenge in Climate Science: Whether Chemical Elements in Wood Reflect the Fluctuations in Weather Parameters. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3240. [PMID: 36501280 PMCID: PMC9740880 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to find consistent correlations between weather parameters and elemental content of tree rings in four widely distributed Siberian conifers: Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.), and Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour). Slices from the wood cores were subjected to chemical treatment by extraction in alcohol and HCl. The slices were scanned using an Itrax Multiscanner (COX Analytical Systems) to obtain the count rates of Al, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Sr. Every slice was scanned three times, in the original form, after alcohol extraction, and after HCl treatment. Altogether, 21 weather parameters were used to search for consistent correlations between the elemental contents. Weather parameters as well as elemental contents were averaged for successive triplets of calendar years. The statistical treatment of the data included the calculations of non-parametrical Spearman rho and Kendall tau coefficients. We defined consistent correlation as a correlation that is stronger than +/-0.3, observed in all the trees studied, and is significant at least in one tree. The main result of the study is that no consistent correlation was found that we could observe in all the species involved in the study. Nevertheless, there are several consistent correlations within the species. This means that the right choice of species for a dendrochemical study is of paramount importance. In some species, e.g., the larch and spruce, we found no correlations unless the chemical treatment was applied. Thus, a chemical treatment may reveal the reactions of tree rings' elemental content to some weather parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Gavrikov
- School Ecology and Geography, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Alexey Fertikov
- School Ecology and Geography, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Ruslan Sharafutdinov
- School Ecology and Geography, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Anton Pyzhev
- School Ecology and Geography, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Eugene Vaganov
- School Ecology and Geography, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
- Institute for Forest SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
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3
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Amais RS, Moreau PS, Francischini DS, Magnusson R, Locosselli GM, Godoy-Veiga M, Ceccantini G, Ortega Rodriguez DR, Tomazello-Filho M, Arruda MAZ. Trace elements distribution in tropical tree rings through high-resolution imaging using LA-ICP-MS analysis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 68:126872. [PMID: 34628231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The distribution of trace elements in tree rings although poorly known may be useful to better understand environmental changes, pollution trends, long-term droughts, forest dieback processes, and biology of trees. METHOD Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is used for imaging micronutrients and potentially toxic elements distribution, allowing the investigation of trace elements at high spatial resolution within the tree rings. To ensure a more efficient determination of micronutrients and potentially toxic elements, LA-ICP-MS instrumental conditions were optimized and carbon, a major element in wood, is used as an internal standard during analysis to correct for random fluctuations. RESULTS Spatial distributions maps of Ba, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Pb in growth layers of six tropical tree species were built-up using the LA-iMageS software, namely: Amburana cearensis (Fabaceae), Cedrela fissilis (Meliaceae), Hymenaea courbaril (Fabaceae), Maclura tinctoria (Moraceae), Parapiptadenia zehntneri (Fabaceae), Peltogyne paniculata (Fabaceae). A correlation between the trace element composition and different cell types (parenchyma, fiber, and vessel) was distinctly observed. It was observed a general pattern of Ba, Cu, Ni, Mn, and Pb accumulation mainly in the axial parenchyma and vessels. But the elemental composition of xylem cells is strongly species dependent. The multivariate analysis also points to a distinct accumulation of minerals between heartwood and sapwood in the same species. CONCLUSIONS Imaging both essential and deleterious element distributions in the tree rings may improve visualization and can effectively contribute to understanding the lifetime metabolism of trees and evaluating the effects of environmental changes related to climatic seasonality, pollution, and future paleoclimate reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata S Amais
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group (GEPAM), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, PO Box 6154, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Pedro S Moreau
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group (GEPAM), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, PO Box 6154, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Danielle S Francischini
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group (GEPAM), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, PO Box 6154, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Rafael Magnusson
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group (GEPAM), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, PO Box 6154, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | | | - Milena Godoy-Veiga
- University of São Paulo, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Botany, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Gregório Ceccantini
- University of São Paulo, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Botany, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Daigard R Ortega Rodriguez
- University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Department of Forest Sciences, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Mario Tomazello-Filho
- University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Department of Forest Sciences, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Marco A Z Arruda
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group (GEPAM), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, PO Box 6154, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
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Binda G, Di Iorio A, Monticelli D. The what, how, why, and when of dendrochemistry: (paleo)environmental information from the chemical analysis of tree rings. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 758:143672. [PMID: 33277003 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The chemical analysis of tree rings has attracted the interest of researchers in the past five decades in view of the possibility of exploiting this biological indicator as a widely available, high-resolution environmental archive. Information regarding the surrounding environment can be derived either by directly measuring environmental variables (nutrient availability, presence of pollutants, etc.) or by exploiting proxies (e.g. paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental reconstructions). This review systematically covers the topic and provides a critical view on the reliability of dendrochemical information. First, we introduce the determinable chemical species, such as major elements, trace metals, isotopic ratios, and organic compounds, together with a brief description of their uptake mechanisms and functions in trees. Subsequently, we present the possibilities offered by analytical techniques in the field of tree ring analysis, focusing on direct methods and recent developments. The latter strongly improved the details of the accessible information, enabling the investigation of complex phenomena associated with plant life and encouraging the direct analysis of new analytes, particularly minor organic compounds. With regard to their applications, dendrochemical proxies have been used to trace several processes, such as environmental contamination, paleoclimate reconstruction, global environmental changes, tree physiology, extreme events, ecological trends, and dendroprovenance. Several case studies are discussed for each proposed application, with special emphasis on the reliability of tracing each process. Starting from the reviewed literature data, the second part of the paper is devoted to the critical assessment of the reliability of tree ring proxies. We provide an overview of the current knowledge, discuss the limitations of the inferences that may be drawn from the dendrochemical data, and provide recommendations for the best practices to be used for their validation. Finally, we present the future perspectives related to the advancements in analytical instrumentation and further extension of application fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Binda
- Department of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio, 12, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Iorio
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Jean Henry Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Damiano Monticelli
- Department of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio, 12, 22100 Como, Italy.
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Alves EEN, Ortega Rodriguez DR, Rocha PDA, Vergütz L, Santini Junior L, Hesterberg D, Pessenda LCR, Tomazello-Filho M, Costa LMD. Synchrotron-based X-ray microscopy for assessing elements distribution and speciation in mangrove tree-rings. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Durand M, Rose C, Dupouey JL, Legout A, Ponton S. Do tree rings record changes in soil fertility? Results from a Quercus petraea fertilization trial. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 712:136148. [PMID: 31945532 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Through the variations in their dimension, density, anatomy or isotopes composition, tree rings have provided invaluable proxies to evaluate past changes in the environment. Whereas long-term records of changes in soil fertility are particularly desired for forest ecosystem studies, the use of the chemical composition of tree rings as potential marker is still controversial. Dendrochemistry has sometimes been considered as a promising approach to study past changes in soil chemistry, whereas some authors stated that element translocations in the wood preclude any possibility of reliable retrospective monitoring. Here, we aimed at testing whether the wood elemental content of fertilized oaks (Quercus petraea) differed from control trees >30 years after a NPKCaMg fertilization and, if so, if the date of fertilization could be retrieved from the ring analysis. The contents in N, Mg, P, K, Ca and Mn were measured for each of the 43 sampled trees and in every ring of the 58-year long chronology with a non-destructive method coupling a Wavelength Dispersive Spectroscope (WDS) with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results showed significantly higher contents in Ca and lower contents in Mn in fertilized compared to control trees. However, there was no difference in elemental content between the rings of the fertilized trees built in the 20 years before and those built after fertilization. Thus, whereas the effect of fertilization on increasing ring width was dramatic, immediate and relatively short-lasting, the elemental composition of the entire ring sequence was impacted, precluding the dating of the event. These results question the possibility to reconstruct long-term changes in soil fertility based on dendrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Durand
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Christophe Rose
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Luc Dupouey
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, 54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Stéphane Ponton
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, 54000 Nancy, France.
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Hevia A, Sánchez-Salguero R, Camarero JJ, Querejeta JI, Sangüesa-Barreda G, Gazol A. Long-term nutrient imbalances linked to drought-triggered forest dieback. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 690:1254-1267. [PMID: 31470488 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Drought-induced forest dieback is causing reductions in productivity, increasing tree mortality and impairing terrestrial carbon uptake worldwide. However, the role played by long-term nutrient imbalances during drought-induced dieback is still unknown. To improve our knowledge on the relationships between dieback and nutrient imbalances, we analysed wood anatomical traits (tree-ring width and wood density), soil properties and long-term chemical information in tree-ring wood (1900-2010) by non-destructive Micro X-ray fluorescence (μXRF) and destructive (ICP-OES) techniques. We studied two major European conifers with ongoing drought-induced dieback in mesic (Abies alba, silver fir) and xeric (Pinus sylvestris, Scots pine) sites. In each site we compared coexisting declining (D) and non-declining (ND) trees. We used dendrochronology and generalized additive and linear mixed models to analyse trends in tree-ring nutrients and their relationships with wood traits. The D trees presented lower growth and higher minimum wood density than ND trees, corresponding to a smaller lumen area of earlywood tracheids and thus a lower theoretical hydraulic conductivity. These differences in growth and wood-anatomy were more marked in silver fir than in Scots pine. Moreover, most of the chemical elements showed higher concentrations in D than in ND trees during the last two-five decades (e.g., Mn, K and Mg), while Ca and Na increased in the sapwood of ND trees. The Mn concentrations, and related ratios (Ca:Mn, Mn:Al and P:Mn) showed the highest differences between D and ND trees for both tree species. These findings suggest that a reduced hydraulic conductivity, consistent with hydraulic impairment, is affecting the use of P in D trees, making them more prone to drought-induced damage. The retrospective quantifications of Mn ratios may be used as early-warning signals of impending dieback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hevia
- Forest and Wood Technology Research Centre (CETEMAS), Pumarabule, Carbayín, s/n, 33936 Siero, Asturias, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, Universidad de Huelva, Crta. Palos-La Rábida s/n, 21819 Palos de la Frontera, Spain; Dept. Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Crta. Utrera km. 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Raúl Sánchez-Salguero
- Dept. Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Crta. Utrera km. 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José I Querejeta
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, PO Box 164, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Gabriel Sangüesa-Barreda
- Depto. Ciencias Agroforestales, iUFOR-Universidad de Valladolid, Campus Duques de Soria, 42004 Soria, Spain; Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Gazol
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain
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De Mil T, Hubau W, Angoboy Ilondea B, Rocha Vargas MA, Boeckx P, Steppe K, Van Acker J, Beeckman H, Van den Bulcke J. Asynchronous leaf and cambial phenology in a tree species of the Congo Basin requires space-time conversion of wood traits. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 124:245-253. [PMID: 31170728 PMCID: PMC6758582 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Wood traits are increasingly being used to document tree performance. In the Congo Basin, however, weaker seasonality causes asynchrony of wood traits between trees. Here, we monitor growth and phenology data to date the formation of traits. METHODS For two seasons, leaf and cambial phenology were monitored on four Terminalia superba trees (Mayombe) using cameras, cambial pinning and dendrometers. Subsequently, vessel lumen and parenchyma fractions as well as high-resolution isotopes (δ13C/δ18O) were quantified on the formed rings. All traits were dated and related to weather data. KEY RESULTS We observed between-tree differences in green-up of 45 d, with trees flushing before and after the rainy season. The lag between green-up and onset of xylem formation was 59 ± 21 d. The xylem growing season lasted 159 ± 17 d with between-tree differences of up to 53 d. Synchronized vessel, parenchyma and δ13C profiles were related to each other. Only parenchyma fraction and δ13C were correlated to weather variables, whereas the δ18O pattern showed no trend. CONCLUSIONS Asynchrony of leaf and cambial phenology complicates correct interpretation of environmental information recorded in wood. An integrated approach including high-resolution measurements of growth, stable isotopes and anatomical features allows exact dating of the formation of traits. This methodology offers a means to explore the asynchrony of growth in a rainforest and contribute to understanding this aspect of forest resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom De Mil
- UGCT-UGent-Woodlab, Ghent University, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Gent, Belgium
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Wood Biology Service, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Wannes Hubau
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Wood Biology Service, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Bhély Angoboy Ilondea
- UGCT-UGent-Woodlab, Ghent University, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Gent, Belgium
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Wood Biology Service, Tervuren, Belgium
- Institut National pour l’Etude et la Recherche Agronomiques, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Mirvia Angela Rocha Vargas
- UGCT-UGent-Woodlab, Ghent University, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Gent, Belgium
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory – ISOFYS, Ghent University, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Gent, Belgium
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory – ISOFYS, Ghent University, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Gent, Belgium
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Joris Van Acker
- UGCT-UGent-Woodlab, Ghent University, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Gent, Belgium
| | - Hans Beeckman
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Wood Biology Service, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Jan Van den Bulcke
- UGCT-UGent-Woodlab, Ghent University, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Gent, Belgium
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Santini L, Ortega Rodriguez DR, Quintilhan MT, Brazolin S, Tommasiello Filho M. Evidence to wood biodeterioration of tropical species revealed by non-destructive techniques. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 672:357-369. [PMID: 30959302 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The wood biodeterioration process is one of the symptoms produced by biotic agents that affect the biomechanics of urban trees and reduce their useful life and environmental services. This process is mainly studied through methods that are time-consuming or destructive and provide little information regarding the degradation process at the cellular scale. Based on a non-destructive study of five tropical urban trees: Poincianella pluviosa (sibipiruna), Pterocarpus rhorii (aldrago), Rhamnidium elaeocarpum (saguaraji), Trichilia clausenii (Catiguá) and Lafoensia glyptocarpa (mirindiba rosa); the wood decaying zone, by xylophagous fungi, was analized. The trunk-wood samples containing the decaying zone were extracted with metal probes. Their microscopic anatomical structures were characterized and their microdensity and chemical composition analyzed by X-ray densitometry and X-ray fluorescence, respectively. Degraded cell wall fiber and vessels obstructed by mycelial mass were observed in wood decay zones. The presence of wood compartmentalized by the formation of extractive deposits was also observed, as a possible resistance mechanism varying among species. Likewise, phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), calcium/manganese molar ratio and wood density increase were observed in barrier zones, while iron (Fe) was related to the decay zone. Altogether, the present study show for detailed evaluation of the wood biodeterioration process at the microscopic scale. The potential of non-destructive techniques for application in the physiological analysis of trees was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Santini
- Univ. of São Paulo, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Department of Ecology, Av Centenário, 303, Piracicaba, SP 13416-000, Brazil
| | - Daigard Ricardo Ortega Rodriguez
- Univ. of São Paulo, School of the Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz, Department of Forest Resource, Av. Pádua Dias N° 11, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - Manolo Trindade Quintilhan
- Univ. of São Paulo, School of the Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz, Department of Forest Resource, Av. Pádua Dias N° 11, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Sergio Brazolin
- Laboratory of Wood Preservation and Biodeterioration of Materials, Center of Technology of Forest Resources, Institute of Technological Research - IPT/USP, São Paulo, SP 7141 01064-970, Brazil.
| | - Mario Tommasiello Filho
- Univ. of São Paulo, School of the Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz, Department of Forest Resource, Av. Pádua Dias N° 11, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil.
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10
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Hevia A, Sánchez-Salguero R, Camarero JJ, Buras A, Sangüesa-Barreda G, Galván JD, Gutiérrez E. Towards a better understanding of long-term wood-chemistry variations in old-growth forests: A case study on ancient Pinus uncinata trees from the Pyrenees. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 625:220-232. [PMID: 29289770 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dendrochemical studies in old forests are still underdeveloped. Old trees growing in remote high-elevation areas far from direct human influence constitute a promising biological proxy for the long-term reconstructions of environmental changes using tree-rings. Furthermore, centennial-long chronologies of multi-elemental chemistry at inter- and intra-annual resolution are scarce. Here, we use a novel non-destructive method by applying Micro X-ray fluorescence (μXRF) to wood samples of old Pinus uncinata trees from two Pyrenean high-elevation forests growing on acidic and basic soils. To disentangle ontogenetic (changes in tree age and diameter) from environmental influences (e.g., climate warming) we compared element patterns in sapwood (SW) and heartwood (HW) during the pre-industrial (1700-1849) and industrial (1850-2008) periods. We quantified tree-ring growth, wood density and relative element concentrations at annual (TRW, tree-ring) to seasonal resolution (EW, earlywood; LW, latewood) and related them to climate variables (temperature and precipitation) and volcanic eruptions in the 18th and 19th centuries. We detected differences for most studied elements between SW and HW along the stem and also between EW and LW within rings. Long-term positive and negative trends were observed for Ca and K, respectively. Cl, P and S showed positive trends during the industrial period. However, differences between sites were also notable. Higher values of Mg, Al, Si and the Ca/Mn ratio were observed at the site with acidic soil. Growing-season temperatures were positively related to growth, maximum wood density and to the concentration of most elements. Peaks in S, Fe, Cl, Zn and Ca were linked to major volcanic eruptions (e.g., Tambora in 1815). Our results reveal the potential of long-term wood-chemistry studies based on the μXRF non-destructive technique to reconstruct environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hevia
- Forest and Wood Technology Research Centre (CETEMAS), Pumarabule, Carbayín, s/n, 33936 Siero, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Raúl Sánchez-Salguero
- Dept. Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Crta. Utrera km. 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Allan Buras
- Professorship of Ecoclimatology, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | | | - J Diego Galván
- Ionplus AG, Lerzenstrasse 12, 8953 Dietikon, Switzerland
| | - Emilia Gutiérrez
- Dept. Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Univ. Barcelona, Avd. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Nakai W, Okada N, Sano M, Nakatsuka T. Sample preparation of ring-less tropical trees for δ 18O measurement in isotope dendrochronology. TROPICS 2018. [DOI: 10.3759/tropics.ms17-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Nakai
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| | - Naoki Okada
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University
| | - Masaki Sano
- Research Institute for Humanity and Nature
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University
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12
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De Mil T, Vannoppen A, Beeckman H, Van Acker J, Van den Bulcke J. A field-to-desktop toolchain for X-ray CT densitometry enables tree ring analysis. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2016; 117:1187-96. [PMID: 27107414 PMCID: PMC4904179 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Disentangling tree growth requires more than ring width data only. Densitometry is considered a valuable proxy, yet laborious wood sample preparation and lack of dedicated software limit the widespread use of density profiling for tree ring analysis. An X-ray computed tomography-based toolchain of tree increment cores is presented, which results in profile data sets suitable for visual exploration as well as density-based pattern matching. METHODS Two temperate (Quercus petraea, Fagus sylvatica) and one tropical species (Terminalia superba) were used for density profiling using an X-ray computed tomography facility with custom-made sample holders and dedicated processing software. KEY RESULTS Density-based pattern matching is developed and able to detect anomalies in ring series that can be corrected via interactive software. CONCLUSIONS A digital workflow allows generation of structure-corrected profiles of large sets of cores in a short time span that provide sufficient intra-annual density information for tree ring analysis. Furthermore, visual exploration of such data sets is of high value. The dated profiles can be used for high-resolution chronologies and also offer opportunities for fast screening of lesser studied tropical tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom De Mil
- UGCT-Woodlab-UGent, Ghent University, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Forest and Water Management, Coupure Links 653, B- 9000 Gent, Belgium Royal Museum for Central Africa, Wood Biology Service, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Astrid Vannoppen
- University of Leuven, Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Celestijnenlaan 200E, Box 2411, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Beeckman
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Wood Biology Service, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Joris Van Acker
- UGCT-Woodlab-UGent, Ghent University, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Forest and Water Management, Coupure Links 653, B- 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jan Van den Bulcke
- UGCT-Woodlab-UGent, Ghent University, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Forest and Water Management, Coupure Links 653, B- 9000 Gent, Belgium
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