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Kathi S, Laza H, Singh S, Thompson L, Li W, Simpson C. A decade of improving nutritional quality of horticultural crops agronomically (2012-2022): A systematic literature review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 911:168665. [PMID: 37992822 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The ultimate goal of world crop production is to produce more with less to meet the growing population demands. However, concentrating solely on increased quantity of production often impacts the quality of produce. Consumption of crops or foods that do not meet nutritional or dietary needs can lead to malnutrition. Malnutrition and undernutrition are prevalent in a significant portion of the population. Agronomic biofortification of minerals and vitamins in horticultural crops has emerged as a promising approach to address nutrient deficiencies and enhance the nutritional quality of food. Despite numerous research papers on plant nutrient biofortification, there remains a lack of systematic reviews that comprehensively summarize the latest knowledge on this topic. Herein we discuss different agronomic ways to biofortify several horticultural crops over the past decade. This systematic review aims to fill this gap by presenting various methodologies and comparing the outcomes of these methods in respect to nutrient content in plant parts. The review focuses on original research papers collected from various scientific databases including Scopus and Web of Knowledge, covering the most recent literature from the last ten years (2012-2022) for specific studies on the agronomic biofortification macronutrients, micronutrients, and vitamins in horticultural plants with exclusion of certain criteria such as 'genetic,' 'breeding,' and 'agronomic crops.' This review critically analyzes the current state of research and explores prospects for the future in this field. The biofortification of various minerals and vitamins, including calcium, selenium, iodine, B vitamins, vitamin A, and vitamin C, are examined, highlighting the achievements and limitations of existing studies. In conclusion, agronomic biofortification of minerals and vitamins in horticultural crops with further research offers a promising approach to address nutrient deficiencies and improve the nutritional quality of food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Kathi
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States of America
| | - Haydee Laza
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States of America
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States of America
| | - Leslie Thompson
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States of America
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States of America
| | - Catherine Simpson
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States of America.
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2
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Sharma A, Sinharoy S, Bisht NC. The mysterious non-arbuscular mycorrhizal status of Brassicaceae species. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:917-930. [PMID: 36655756 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The Brassicaceae family is unique in not fostering functional symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM). The family is also special in possessing glucosinolates, a class of secondary metabolites predominantly functioning for plant defence. We have reviewed what effect the glucosinolates of this non-symbiotic host have on AM or vice versa. Isothiocyanates, the toxic degradation product of the glucosinolates, particularly the indolic and benzenic glucosinolates, are known to be involved in the inhibition of AM. Interestingly, AM colonization enhances glucosinolate production in two AM-host in the Brassicales family- Moringa oleifera and Tropaeolum spp. PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1 (PHR1), a central transcription factor that controls phosphate starvation response also activates the glucosinolate biosynthesis in AM non-host Arabidopsis thaliana. Recently, the advances in whole-genome sequencing, enabling extensive ecological microbiome studies have helped unravel the Brassicaceae microbiome, identifying new mutualists that compensate for the loss of AM symbiosis, and reporting cues for some influence of glucosinolates on the microbiome structure. We advocate that glucosinolate is an important candidate in determining the mycorrhizal status of Brassicaceae and has played a major role in its symbiosis-defence trade-off. We also identify key open questions in this area that remain to be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aprajita Sharma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Senjuti Sinharoy
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Naveen C Bisht
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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3
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Cosme M, Fernández I, Declerck S, van der Heijden MGA, Pieterse CMJ. A coumarin exudation pathway mitigates arbuscular mycorrhizal incompatibility in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:319-334. [PMID: 33825084 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of genes involved in coumarin production and secretion can mitigate mycorrhizal incompatibility in nonhost Arabidopsis plants. The coumarin scopoletin, in particular, stimulates pre-penetration development and metabolism in mycorrhizal fungi. Although most plants can benefit from mutualistic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, nonhost plant species such as the model Arabidopsis thaliana have acquired incompatibility. The transcriptional response of Arabidopsis to colonization by host-supported AM fungi switches from initial AM recognition to defense activation and plant growth antagonism. However, detailed functional information on incompatibility in nonhost-AM fungus interactions is largely missing. We studied interactions between host-sustained AM fungal networks of Rhizophagus irregularis and 18 Arabidopsis genotypes affected in nonhost penetration resistance, coumarin production and secretion, and defense (salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene) and growth hormones (auxin, brassinosteroid, cytokinin, and gibberellin). We demonstrated that root-secreted coumarins can mitigate incompatibility by stimulating fungal metabolism and promoting initial steps of AM colonization. Moreover, we provide evidence that major molecular defenses in Arabidopsis do not operate as primary mechanisms of AM incompatibility nor of growth antagonism. Our study reveals that, although incompatible, nonhost plants can harbor hidden tools that promote initial steps of AM colonization. Moreover, it uncovered the coumarin scopoletin as a novel signal in the pre-penetration dialogue, with possible implications for the chemical communication in plant-mycorrhizal fungi associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cosme
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, PO Box 800.56, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
- Mycology, Applied Microbiology, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du sud 2, bte L7.05.06, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Iván Fernández
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, PO Box 800.56, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Stéphane Declerck
- Mycology, Applied Microbiology, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du sud 2, bte L7.05.06, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marcel G A van der Heijden
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, PO Box 800.56, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Plant-Soil Interactions, Department of Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope Reckenholz, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Corné M J Pieterse
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, PO Box 800.56, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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4
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Ehlers BK, Berg MP, Staudt M, Holmstrup M, Glasius M, Ellers J, Tomiolo S, Madsen RB, Slotsbo S, Penuelas J. Plant Secondary Compounds in Soil and Their Role in Belowground Species Interactions. Trends Ecol Evol 2020; 35:716-730. [PMID: 32414604 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of the effect of plant secondary compounds (PSCs) on belowground interactions in the more diffuse community of species living outside the rhizosphere is sparse compared with what we know about how PSCs affect aboveground interactions. We illustrate here that PSCs from foliar tissue, root exudates, and leaf litter effectively influence such belowground plant-plant, plant-microorganism, and plant-soil invertebrate interactions. Climatic factors can induce PSC production and select for different plant chemical types. Therefore, climate change can alter both quantitative and qualitative PSC production, and how these compounds move in the soil. This can change the soil chemical environment, with cascading effects on both the ecology and evolution of belowground species interactions and, ultimately, soil functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodil K Ehlers
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Matty P Berg
- Community and Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute of Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Staudt
- CEFE, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EPHE, IRD, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Martin Holmstrup
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Marianne Glasius
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Århus, Denmark
| | - Jacintha Ellers
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Tomiolo
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark; Plant Ecology Group, Institute for Evolution and Ecology, Tübingen University, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - René B Madsen
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Århus, Denmark
| | - Stine Slotsbo
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Josep Penuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain.
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5
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Anthony MA, Celenza JL, Armstrong A, Frey SD. Indolic glucosinolate pathway provides resistance to mycorrhizal fungal colonization in a non‐host Brassicaceae. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Anthony
- Department of Natural Resources University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire 03824 USA
| | - J. L. Celenza
- Department of Biology Boston University Boston Massachusetts 02215 USA
| | - A. Armstrong
- Department of Biology Boston University Boston Massachusetts 02215 USA
| | - S. D. Frey
- Department of Natural Resources University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire 03824 USA
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6
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Cosme M, Fernández I, Van der Heijden MGA, Pieterse CMJ. Non-Mycorrhizal Plants: The Exceptions that Prove the Rule. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:577-587. [PMID: 29753631 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The widespread symbiotic interaction between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi relies on a complex molecular dialog with reciprocal benefits in terms of nutrition, growth, and protection. Approximately 29% of all vascular plant species do not host AM symbiosis, including major crops. Under certain conditions, however, presumed non-host plants can become colonized by AM fungi and develop rudimentary AM (RAM) phenotypes. Here we zoom in on the mustard family (Brassicaceae), which harbors AM hosts, non-hosts, and presumed non-host species such as Arabidopsis thaliana, for which conditional RAM colonization has been described. We advocate that RAM phenotypes and redundant genomic elements of the symbiotic 'toolkit' are missing links that can help to unravel genetic constraints that drive the evolution of symbiotic incompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cosme
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, PO Box 800.56, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ivan Fernández
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, PO Box 800.56, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel G A Van der Heijden
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, PO Box 800.56, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands; Plant-Soil Interactions, Department of Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope Reckenholz, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland; These two authors are shared last authors
| | - Corné M J Pieterse
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, PO Box 800.56, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands; These two authors are shared last authors.
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7
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Wang M, Wilde J, Baldwin IT, Groten K. Nicotiana attenuata's capacity to interact with arbuscular mycorrhiza alters its competitive ability and elicits major changes in the leaf transcriptome. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:242-261. [PMID: 29087617 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To study the local and systemic effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) colonization, Nicotiana attenuata plants impaired in their interactions with AMF due to silencing of a calcium- and calmodulin dependent protein kinase (inverted repreat (ir)CCaMK) were grown competitively in pairs with empty vector (EV) plants, with and without two different types of inoculum. When inoculated, EV plants strongly outperformed irCCaMK plants. Foliar transcript profiling revealed that AMF colonization significantly changed gene expression of P-starvation and -transporter genes in irCCaMK plants. The Pht1 family phosphate transporter NaPT5 was not only specifically induced in roots after AMF colonization, but also in leaves of AMF-colonized irCCaMK plants, and in plants grown under low Pi conditions in the absence of AMF. The P-starvation signature of inoculated irCCaMK plants corresponded with increases in selected amino acids and phenolic compounds in leaves. We also found a strong AMF-induced increase in amino acids and phenolic metabolites in roots. Plants impaired in their interactions with AMF clearly have a fitness disadvantage when competing for limited soil nutrients with a fully functional isogenic line. The additional role of the AMF-induced Pht1 family transporter NaPT5 in leaves under P-starvation conditions will require further experiments to fully resolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Julia Wilde
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Karin Groten
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, Jena 07745, Germany
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8
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Kong Z, Hart M, Liu H. Paving the Way From the Lab to the Field: Using Synthetic Microbial Consortia to Produce High-Quality Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1467. [PMID: 30344529 PMCID: PMC6182091 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Kong
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, School of Life Science, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Miranda Hart
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Hongguang Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Prevision, Jiangxi Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Hongguang Liu
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9
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Bell L, Wagstaff C. Enhancement Of Glucosinolate and Isothiocyanate Profiles in Brassicaceae Crops: Addressing Challenges in Breeding for Cultivation, Storage, and Consumer-Related Traits. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:9379-9403. [PMID: 28968493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) and isothiocyanates (ITCs) produced by Brassicaceae plants are popular targets for analysis due to the health benefits associated with them. Breeders aim to increase the concentrations in commercial varieties; however, there are few examples of this. The most well-known is Beneforté broccoli, which has increased glucoraphanin/sulforaphane concentrations compared to those of conventional varieties. It was developed through traditional breeding methods with considerations for processing, consumption, and health made throughout this process. Many studies presented in the literature do not take a holistic approach, and key points about breeding, cultivation methods, postharvest storage, sensory attributes, and consumer preferences are not properly taken into account. In this review, we draw together data for multiple species and address how such factors can influence GSL profiles. We encourage researchers and institutions to engage with industry and consumers to produce research that can be utilized in the improvement of Brassicaceae crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Bell
- Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading , Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Wagstaff
- Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading , Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
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10
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Pistelli L, Ulivieri V, Giovanelli S, Avio L, Giovannetti M, Pistelli L. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alter the content and composition of secondary metabolites in Bituminaria bituminosa L. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2017; 19:926-933. [PMID: 28749560 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites may be affected by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which are beneficial symbionts associated with the roots of most plant species. Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) C.H.Stirt is known as a source of several phytochemicals and therefore used in folk medicine as a vulnerary, cicatrising, disinfectant agent. Characteristic metabolites found in B. bituminosa are furanocoumarins and pterocarpans, which are used in cosmetics and as chemotherapeutic agents. Here we address the question whether AMF inoculation might affect positively the synthesis of these phytochemicals. B. bituminosa plants were inoculated with different AMF and several metabolites were assessed during full vegetative stage and flowering phase. Pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids), polyphenols and flavonoids were spectrophotometrically determined; specific isoflavones (genistein), furanocoumarins (psoralene and angelicin), pterocarpans (bitucarpin A and erybraedin C) and plicatin B were assessed with HPLC; leaf volatile organic compounds were analysed using SPME and identified by GC-MS. During the vegetative stage, the inoculated plants had a high amount of furanocoumarins (angelicin and psoralen) and pterocarpans (erybraedin C and bitucarpin A). The analysis of volatile organic compounds of inoculated plants showed different chemical composition compared with non-mycorrhizal plants. Given the important potential role played by furanocoumarins and pterocarpans in the pharmaceutical industry, AMF inoculation of B. bituminosa plants may represent a suitable biotechnological tool to obtain higher amounts of such metabolites for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pistelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood - Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - V Ulivieri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Giovanelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Avio
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, CNR, Milan, Italy
| | - M Giovannetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood - Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Pistelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood - Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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11
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Liu H, Wang Y, Chen H, Tang M. Influence of Rhizoglomus irregulare on nutraceutical quality and regeneration of Lycium barbarum leaves under salt stress. Can J Microbiol 2017; 63:365-374. [PMID: 28177791 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2016-0597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Whether arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi augment the nutraceutical quality of crops under salt stress is critical as a potential agronomic practice in salinized farmland. To evaluate the effect of Rhizoglomus irregulare on the nutraceutical quality of Lycium barbarum leaves under salt stress, we analyzed growth parameters and the rutin, polysaccharide, acidic polysaccharide, and amino acids contents of 2 harvests. Inoculation of R. irregulare significantly increased the regenerated bud number (partial eta squared (PES) = 0.577, P < 0.0001) and rutin concentration (PES = 0.544, P < 0.001) of L. barbarum leaves, with and without salt stress. The biomass of the 2nd harvest (PES = 0.355, P = 0.0091) and acidic polysaccharide (PES = 0.518, P = 0.001) of L. barbarum leaves were notably enhanced by R. irregulare under 200 mmol/L salt level. Rhizoglomus irregulare had insignificant effect on polysaccharide (PES = 0.092, P = 0.221) and amino acids levels (PES = 0.263, P = 0.130) in the leaves of L. barbarum. However, inoculation by R. irregulare decreased proline level (PES = 0.761, P = 0.001) in the leaves of L. barbarum when subjected to salt stress. Taken together, these results indicate that R. irregulare significantly improved the nutraceutical quality and facilitated the sustainable production of L. barbarum leaves exposed to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongguang Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.,b College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- c National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Hui Chen
- d College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Tang
- d College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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12
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Cosme M, Ramireddy E, Franken P, Schmülling T, Wurst S. Shoot- and root-borne cytokinin influences arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. MYCORRHIZA 2016; 26:709-20. [PMID: 27193443 PMCID: PMC5034000 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-016-0706-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is functionally important for the nutrition and growth of most terrestrial plants. Nearly all phytohormones are employed by plants to regulate the symbiosis with AM fungi, but the regulatory role of cytokinin (CK) is not well understood. Here, we used transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) with a root-specific or constitutive expression of CK-degrading CKX genes and the corresponding wild-type to investigate whether a lowered content of CK in roots or in both roots and shoots influences the interaction with the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. Our data indicates that shoot CK has a positive impact on AM fungal development in roots and on the root transcript level of an AM-responsive phosphate transporter gene (NtPT4). A reduced CK content in roots caused shoot and root growth depression following AM colonization, while neither the uptake of phosphorus or nitrogen nor the root transcript levels of NtPT4 were significantly affected. This suggests that root CK may restrict the C availability from the roots to the fungus thus averting parasitism by AM fungi. Taken together, our study indicates that shoot- and root-borne CK have distinct roles in AM symbiosis. We propose a model illustrating how plants may employ CK to regulate nutrient exchange with the ubiquitous AM fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cosme
- Functional Biodiversity, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 1-3, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Plant Propagation, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Kühnhäuser Straße 101, 99090, Erfurt-Kühnhausen, Germany.
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, PO Box 800.56, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Eswarayya Ramireddy
- Applied Genetics, Dahlem Center of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Franken
- Department of Plant Propagation, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Kühnhäuser Straße 101, 99090, Erfurt-Kühnhausen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmülling
- Applied Genetics, Dahlem Center of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Wurst
- Functional Biodiversity, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 1-3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Cosme M, Lu J, Erb M, Stout MJ, Franken P, Wurst S. A fungal endophyte helps plants to tolerate root herbivory through changes in gibberellin and jasmonate signaling. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 211:1065-76. [PMID: 27061745 PMCID: PMC5071772 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant-microbe mutualisms can improve plant defense, but the impact of root endophytes on below-ground herbivore interactions remains unknown. We investigated the effects of the root endophyte Piriformospora indica on interactions between rice (Oryza sativa) plants and its root herbivore rice water weevil (RWW; Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus), and how plant jasmonic acid (JA) and GA regulate this tripartite interaction. Glasshouse experiments with wild-type rice and coi1-18 and Eui1-OX mutants combined with nutrient, jasmonate and gene expression analyses were used to test: whether RWW adult herbivory above ground influences subsequent damage caused by larval herbivory below ground; whether P. indica protects plants against RWW; and whether GA and JA signaling mediate these interactions. The endophyte induced plant tolerance to root herbivory. RWW adults and larvae acted synergistically via JA signaling to reduce root growth, while endophyte-elicited GA biosynthesis suppressed the herbivore-induced JA in roots and recovered plant growth. Our study shows for the first time the impact of a root endophyte on plant defense against below-ground herbivores, adds to growing evidence that induced tolerance may be an important root defense, and implicates GA as a signal component of inducible plant tolerance against biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cosme
- Functional BiodiversityDahlem Center of Plant SciencesInstitute of BiologyFreie Universität BerlinKönigin‐Luise‐Straße 1–314195BerlinGermany
- Department of Plant PropagationLeibniz‐Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropsKühnhäuser Straße 10199090Erfurt‐KühnhausenGermany
- Plant–Microbe InteractionsDepartment of BiologyFaculty of ScienceUtrecht UniversityPO Box 800.563508 TBUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of BiochemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyHans‐Knoell‐Str. 807745JenaGermany
- Institute of Insect ScienceZijingang CampusZhejiang UniversityYuhangtang Road 866Hangzhou310058China
| | - Matthias Erb
- Department of BiochemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyHans‐Knoell‐Str. 807745JenaGermany
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernAltenbergrain 213013BernSwitzerland
| | - Michael Joseph Stout
- Department of EntomologyLouisiana State University Agricultural Center404 Life Sciences BuildingBaton RougeLA70803USA
| | - Philipp Franken
- Department of Plant PropagationLeibniz‐Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropsKühnhäuser Straße 10199090Erfurt‐KühnhausenGermany
- Department of Plant PhysiologyHumboldt Universität zu BerlinPhilippstrasse 1310115BerlinGermany
| | - Susanne Wurst
- Functional BiodiversityDahlem Center of Plant SciencesInstitute of BiologyFreie Universität BerlinKönigin‐Luise‐Straße 1–314195BerlinGermany
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