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Rao RN, Das S, Jacob K, Alam MM, Balamurali MM, Chanda K. Synthetic access to diverse thiazetidines via a one-pot microwave assisted telescopic approach and their interaction with biomolecules. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3249-3261. [PMID: 38568016 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00075g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
A one-pot microwave assisted telescopic approach is reported for the chemo-selective synthesis of substituted 1,3-thiazetidines using readily available 2-aminopyridines/pyrazines/pyrimidine, substituted isothiocyanates and 1,2-dihalomethanes. The procedure involves thiourea formation from 2-aminopyridines/pyrazines/pyrimidine with the substituted isothiocyanates followed by a base catalysed nucleophilic attack of the CS bond on the 1,2-dihalomethane. Subsequently, a cyclization reaction occurs to yield substituted 1,3-thiazetidines. These four membered strained ring systems are reported to possess broad substrate scope with high functional group tolerance. The above synthetic sequence for the formation of four membered heterocycles is proven to be a modular and straightforward approach. Further the mechanistic pathway for the formation of 1,3-thiazetidines was supported by computational evaluations and X-ray crystallography analyses. The relevance of these thiazetidines in biological applications is evaluated by studying their ability to bind bio-macromolecules like proteins and nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramdas Nishanth Rao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India.
| | - Soumyadip Das
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India.
| | - Kezia Jacob
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India.
| | - Mohammed Mujahid Alam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - M M Balamurali
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600027, India.
| | - Kaushik Chanda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Rabindranath Tagore University, Hojai 782435, Assam, India
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Renz M, Andernach L, Kaufmann M, Rohn S, Hanschen FS. Degradation of glucosinolates and formation of isothiocyanates, nitriles, amines, and N,N'-dialk(en)yl thioureas during domestic boiling of red cabbage. Food Chem 2024; 435:137550. [PMID: 37783130 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Red cabbage is a popular vegetable in Central Europe and a rich source of glucosinolates (GLSs). Upon hydrolysis, GLSs form health-promoting isothiocyanates (ITCs), but also nitriles and epithionitriles. Recently, ITCs were shown to undergo further hydrolysis, yielding amines. Here, we analyzed the degradation of GLSs and the formation of ITCs, nitriles, epithionitriles, and amines during domestic-like cooking of red cabbage with addition of vinegar or baking soda. Both additives strongly affected the stability of GLSs and the formation of nitriles during boiling. Primary amines were found as a major degradation product of GLSs. In control and vinegar samples, formation of methylsulfinylalkyl amines increased during boiling. Additionally, for the first time, the formation of several N,N'-dialk(en)yl thioureas during boiling of Brassica vegetables was demonstrated, resulting from the reaction of GLS-derived ITCs and amines, and they were subsequently quantified. As references, five N,N'-dialk(en)yl thioureas were synthesized and characterized by NMR and HRMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Renz
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ) e. V., Plant Quality and Food Security, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany; Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Lars Andernach
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ) e. V., Plant Quality and Food Security, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Martin Kaufmann
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska S Hanschen
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ) e. V., Plant Quality and Food Security, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany.
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Ligor M, Szultka-Młyńska M, Rafińska K, Cwudzińska A. Comparative Studies of Extracts Obtained from Brassica oleracea L. Plants at Different Stages of Growth by Isolation and Determination of Isothiocyanates: An Assessment of Chemopreventive Properties of Broccoli. Molecules 2024; 29:519. [PMID: 38276596 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The main goal of this work was to develop analytical procedures for the isolation and determination of selected isothiocyanates. As an example, particularly sulforaphane from plants of the Brassicaceae Burnett or Cruciferae Juss family. The applied methodology was mainly based on classical extraction methods and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Moreover, the effect of temperature on the release of isothiocyanates from plant cells was considered. The cytotoxic activity of the obtained plant extracts against a selected cancer cell line has also been included. The results allow evaluating the usefulness of obtained plant extracts and raw sprouts regarding their content of isothiocyanates-bioactive compounds with chemopreventive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ligor
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szultka-Młyńska
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Rafińska
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Agata Cwudzińska
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Sharma RK, Patil SB, Jadhav AK, Karuppayil SM. Isothiocyanates as potential antifungal agents: a mini-review. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:673-679. [PMID: 37522244 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cruciferous vegetables and mustard oil are rich in the glucosinolate group of molecules. Isothiocyanates are an important group of glucosinolate derivatives. These derivatives have various bioactive properties, including antioxidant, antibacterial, anticarcinogenic, antifungal, antiparasitic, herbicidal and antimutagenic activity. Previous studies indicate that regular intake of such vegetables may considerably reduce the incidence of various types of cancer. These studies have inspired studies where the bioactive agents of these plants have been isolated and explored for their therapeutic applications. The use of these bioactive compounds as antifungals could be a new therapeutic approach against human pathogenic fungi. Isothiocyanates have been studied for their antifungal activity and have the potential to be used for antifungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K Sharma
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, DY Patil Medical College, DY Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, Kasaba Bawada, Maharashtra, 416006, India
| | - Shivani B Patil
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, DY Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, Kasaba Bawada, Maharashtra, 416006, India
| | - Ashwini K Jadhav
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, DY Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, Kasaba Bawada, Maharashtra, 416006, India
| | - Sankunny M Karuppayil
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, DY Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, Kasaba Bawada, Maharashtra, 416006, India
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Liu Z, Lin S, Liu W, Nakamura Y, Tang Y. Construction of benzyl isothiocyanate-loaded fish skin gelatin-luteolin compound emulsion delivery system, and its digestion and absorption characteristics. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:1864-1873. [PMID: 36571447 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish skin gelatin (FSG) and luteolin (LUT) were used as composite emulsifiers, and benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) was used as a model of nutrient delivery to construct a stable emulsion. The storage stability of the FSG-LUT emulsion and its effect on BITC release were investigated both in vitro and ex vivo. RESULTS LUT can quench FSG fluorophores statically and form a stable complex through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. The FSG-LUT emulsion storage stability and embedding rate were higher than those of the FSG emulsion. The FSG-LUT emulsion microstructure was resistant to oral and gastric digestion, and the BITC retention rate and bioaccessibility were much higher than those of the FSG emulsion. Lastly, the ex vivo everted gut sac of rat intestine study demonstrated that BITC showed the highest absorption in the ileum, and the FSG-LUT emulsion absorbed BITC and sustained a controlled release in a specific position. CONCLUSION LUT could form stable complexes with FSG, which improved the stability and bioavailability of BITC in the FSG-LUT emulsion delivery system, and promoted further intestinal BITC absorption. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Songyi Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Yoshimasa Nakamura
- Environmental and Life Science, Institute of Academic and Research, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yue Tang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
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Zhang X, Liu Z, Wang A, Zhang S, Nakamura Y, Lin S, Tang Y. Influence of fish skin gelatin-sodium alginate complex stabilized emulsion on benzyl isothiocyanate stability and digestibility in vitro and in vivo. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:5680-5689. [PMID: 35388504 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An emulsion delivery system for benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) was prepared using fish skin gelatin (FSG) and sodium alginate (Alg). The effects of the FSG-Alg complex on the emulsion stability and BITC release pattern from the emulsion were investigated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The storage stability and embedding rate of the 10 g kg-1 FSG and 2.5 g kg-1 Alg (FSG-Alg) emulsion were the highest among all samples. The FSG-Alg complex provided BITC a better protection during in vitro digestion. The microstructure of the FSG-Alg emulsions was more stable during in vitro digestion, and the bioaccessibility and retention rate of BITC were much higher compared to those of the FSG emulsion. The results of the ex vivo everted gut sac of rat intestine study showed that the FSG-Alg emulsion significantly increased the BITC absorption rate in the duodenum. CONCLUSION The FSG-Alg emulsion delivery system is a highly stable system for the delivery of BITC that improves the bioaccessibility of BITC and promotes its absorption in the duodenum. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Ailin Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Simin Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Yoshimasa Nakamura
- Environmental and Life Science, Institute of Academic and Research, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Songyi Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Yue Tang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
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Wang L, Jiang H, Qiu Y, Dong Y, Hamouda HI, Balah MA, Mao X. Biochemical Characterization of a Novel Myrosinase Rmyr from Rahnella inusitata for High-Level Preparation of Sulforaphene and Sulforaphane. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:2303-2311. [PMID: 35112855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Myrosinase is a biotechnological tool for the preparation of sulforaphane and sulforaphene with a variety of excellent biological activities. In this study, a gene encoding the novel glycoside hydrolase family 3 (GH3) myrosinase Rmyr from Rahnella inusitata was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The purified Rmyr shows the highest activity at 40 °C and pH 7.0; meanwhile, its half-life at 30 °C reaches 12 days, indicating its excellent stability. Its sinigrin-, glucoraphenin-, and glucoraphanin-hydrolyzing activities were 12.73, 4.81, and 6.99 U/mg, respectively. Rmyr could efficiently degrade the radish seed-derived glucoraphenin and the broccoli seed-derived glucoraphanin into sulforaphene and sulforaphane within 10 min with the highest yields of 5.07 mg/g radish seeds and 9.56 mg/g broccoli seeds, respectively. The highest conversion efficiencies of sulforaphane from glucoraphanin and sulforaphene from glucoraphenin reached up to 92.48 and 97.84%, respectively. Therefore, Rmyr is a promising and potent biocatalyst for efficient and large-scale preparation of sulforaphane and sulforaphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yanjun Qiu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yueyang Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hamed I Hamouda
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Mohamed A Balah
- Soil Chemistry and Physics Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo 11753, Egypt
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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Abstract
Glucosinolates (GLSs) are a group of plant secondary metabolites mainly found in Cruciferous plants. The main hydrolysis products of GLSs, isothiocyanates (ITCs), are the bioactive metabolites that have shown plant defense and human cancer prevention properties. Untargeted metabolomic analysis of plant metabolites can uncover the profiles of these bioactive phytochemicals in specific plants and discover potential human health promoting products. We have developed an integrated metabolomic analysis method for plant samples, with specific focus on nonvolatile GLSs and volatile ITCs. In this chapter, we describe in detail the protocols, including metabolite extraction, high resolution LC-MS and GC-MS analysis, and data processing. The method is readily applicable to untargeted analysis of other nonvolatile and volatile metabolites in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zou
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of, Singapore, Singapore.
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of, Singapore, Singapore.
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Abstract
Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera), which belongs to the Moringaceae family, is a common herb, rich in plant compounds. It has a variety of bioactive compounds that can act as antioxidants, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agents, etc., which can be obtained in different body parts of M. oleifera. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) from M. oleifera are one class of these active substances that can inhibit cancer proliferation and promote cancer cell apoptosis through multiple signaling pathways, thus curbing cancer migration and metastasis, at the same time they have little adverse effect on normal cells. There are multiple variants of ITCs in M. oleifera, but the predominant phytochemical is 4-(α-L-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl isothiocyanate, also known as moringa isothiocyanate (MIC-1). Studies have shown that MIC-1 has the possibility to be used clinically for the treatment of diabetes, neurologic diseases, obesity, ulcerative colitis, and several cancer types. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer and anti-chronic disease effects of MIC-1, current trends, and future direction of MIC-1 based treatment strategies. This review combines the relevant literature of the past 10 years, in order to provide more comprehensive information of MIC-1 and to fully exploit its potentiality in the clinical settings.
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Rudzinska-Radecka M, Janczewski Ł, Gajda A, Godlewska M, Chmielewska-Krzesinska M, Wasowicz K, Podlasz P. The Anti-Tumoral Potential of Phosphonate Analog of Sulforaphane in Zebrafish Xenograft Model. Cells 2021; 10:3219. [PMID: 34831440 PMCID: PMC8618692 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) show strong activity against numerous human tumors. Five structurally diverse ITCs were tested in vivo using the zebrafish embryos 6 and 48 h post-fertilization (hpf). The survival rate, hatching time, and gross morphological changes were assessed 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment with all compounds in various doses (1-10 µM). As a result, we selected a phosphonate analog of sulforaphane (P-ITC; 1-3 µM) as a non-toxic treatment for zebrafish embryos, both 6 and 48 hpf. Furthermore, the in vivo anti-cancerogenic studies with selected 3 µM P-ITC were performed using a set of cell lines derived from the brain (U87), cervical (HeLa), and breast (MDA-MB-231) tumors. For the experiment, cells were labeled using red fluorescence dye Dil (1,1'-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-Tetramethylindocarbocyanine, 10 μg/mL) and injected into the hindbrain ventricle, yolk sac region and Cuvier duct of zebrafish embryos. The tumor size measurement after 48 h of treatment demonstrated the significant inhibition of cancer cell growth in all tested cases by P-ITC compared to the non-treated controls. Our studies provided evidence for P-ITC anti-cancerogenic properties with versatile activity against different cancer types. Additionally, P-ITC demonstrated the safety of use in the living organism at various stages of embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rudzinska-Radecka
- Foundation of Research and Science Development, Rydygiera 8, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland;
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Łukasz Janczewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (Ł.J.); (A.G.)
| | - Anna Gajda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (Ł.J.); (A.G.)
| | - Marlena Godlewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Malgorzata Chmielewska-Krzesinska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.C.-K.); (K.W.)
| | - Krzysztof Wasowicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.C.-K.); (K.W.)
| | - Piotr Podlasz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.C.-K.); (K.W.)
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Henklewska M, Pawlak A, Li RF, Yi J, Zbyryt I, Obmińska-Mrukowicz B. Benzyl Isothiocyanate, a Vegetable-Derived Compound, Induces Apoptosis via ROS Accumulation and DNA Damage in Canine Lymphoma and Leukemia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111772. [PMID: 34769202 PMCID: PMC8583731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of neoplastic diseases in companion animals is one of the most important problems of modern veterinary medicine. Given the growing interest in substances of natural origin as potential anti-cancer drugs, our goal was to examine the effectiveness of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), a compound found in cruciferous vegetables, against canine lymphoma and leukemia. These are the one of the most common canine cancer types, and chemotherapy is the only treatment option. The study involved established cell lines originating from various hematopoietic malignancies: CLBL-1, GL-1, CLB70 and CNK-89, immortalized noncancerous cell lines: MDCK and NIH-3T3 and canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The cytotoxic activity of BITC, apoptosis induction, caspase activity and ROS generation were evaluated by flow cytometry. H2AX phosphorylation was assessed by western blot. The study showed that the compound was especially active against B lymphocyte-derived malignant cells. Their death resulted from caspase-dependent apoptosis. BITC induced ROS accumulation, and glutathione precursor N-acetyl-l-cysteine reversed the effect of the compound, thus proving the role of oxidative stress in BITC activity. In addition, exposure to the compound induced DNA damage in the tested cells. This is the first study that provides information on the activity of BITC in canine hematopoietic malignancies and suggests that the compound may be particularly useful in B-cell neoplasms treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Henklewska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.P.); (B.O.-M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Aleksandra Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.P.); (B.O.-M.)
| | - Rong-Fang Li
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (R.-F.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jine Yi
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (R.-F.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Iwona Zbyryt
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Bożena Obmińska-Mrukowicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.P.); (B.O.-M.)
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Gu HF, Ren F, Mao XY, Du M. Mineralized and GSH-responsive hyaluronic acid based nano-carriers for potentiating repressive effects of sulforaphane on breast cancer stem cells-like properties. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 269:118294. [PMID: 34294320 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cell (BCSC) properties are correlated with the malignancy of tumor cells. Sulforaphane (SFN), a natural isothiocyanate, has anti-cancer effects. However, SFN is an oil-like, hydrophobic and unstable substance. To enhance the inhibitory effect of SFN on BCSC-like properties, the mineralized hyaluronic acid-SS-tetradecyl nano-carriers (M-HA-SS-TA) were prepared. The nano-carriers possessed high SFN entrapment rate (92.36%) and drug-loading efficiency (33.64%). The carriers were responsive to the high reducing and mild acidic tumor micro-environment, leading to rapid SFN releasing from SFN-loaded nano-drug (SFN/M-HA-SS-TA). Through the specific recognition of breast cancer cells bearing CD44+ by HA, M-HA-SS-TA nano-carriers showed excellent tumor-targeting ability. Moreover, compared with free SFN, SFN/M-HA-SS-TA showed much stronger inhibition on the BCSC-like properties (invasiveness, self-renewal and tumor growth) both in vitro and in vivo. Together, these results suggested M-HA-SS-TA nano-carriers were promising platforms for tumor-targeted delivery of SFN, enhancing the therapeutic efficacy against BCSC-like properties by SFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Feng Gu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xue-Ying Mao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, USA.
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13
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Shin KO, Park K. A Newly Developed HPLC-UV/Vis Method Using Chemical Derivatization with 2-Naphthalenethiol for Quantitation of Sulforaphane in Rat Plasma. Molecules 2021; 26:5473. [PMID: 34576944 PMCID: PMC8467300 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), a naturally occurring isothiocyanate, has received significant attention because of its ability to modulate multiple biological functions, including anti-carcinogenic properties. However, currently available analytical methods based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-UV/Vis for the quantification of SFN have a number of limitations, e.g., low UV absorbance, sensitivity, or accuracy, due to the lack of a chromophore for spectrometric detection. Therefore, we here employed the analytical derivatization procedure using 2-naphthalenethiol (2-NT) to improve the detectability of SFN, followed by HPLC separation and quantification with UV/Vis detection. The optimal derivatization conditions were carried out with 0.3 M of 2-NT in acetonitrile with phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) by incubation at 37 °C for 60 min. Separation was performed in reverse phase mode using a Kinetex C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min, with 0.1% formic acid as a mobile phase A, and acetonitrile/0.1% formic acid solution as a mobile phase B with a gradient elution, with a detection wavelength of 234 nm. The method was validated over a linear range of 10-2000 ng/mL with a correlation of determination (R2) > 0.999 using weighted linear regression analysis. The intra- and inter-assay accuracy (% of nominal value) and precision (% of relative standard deviation) were within ±10 and <15%, respectively. Moreover, the specificity, recovery, matrix effect, process efficiency, and short-term and long-term stabilities of this method were within acceptable limits. Finally, we applied this method for studying in vivo pharmacokinetics (PK) following oral administration of SFN at doses of 10 or 20 mg/kg. The Cmax (μg/mL), Tmax (hour), and AUC0-12h (μg·h/mL) of each oral dose were 0.92, 1.99, and 4.88 and 1.67, 1.00, and 9.85, respectively. Overall, the proposed analytical method proved to be reliable and applicable for quantification of SFN in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Oh Shin
- LaSS Lipid Institute (LLI), LaSS Inc., Chuncheon 24252, Korea;
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, and Convergence Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Kyungho Park
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, and Convergence Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
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14
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Đulović A, Burčul F, Čulić VČ, Ruščić M, Brzović P, Montaut S, Rollin P, Blažević I. Lepidium graminifolium L.: Glucosinolate Profile and Antiproliferative Potential of Volatile Isolates. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175183. [PMID: 34500622 PMCID: PMC8434519 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) from Lepidium graminifolium L. were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by their desulfo-counterparts using UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS technique and by their volatile breakdown products-isothiocyanates (ITCs) using GC-MS analysis. Thirteen GSLs were identified with arylaliphatic as the major ones in the following order: 3-hydroxybenzyl GSL (glucolepigramin, 7), benzyl GSL (glucotropaeolin, 9), 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl GSL (11), 3-methoxybenzyl GSL (glucolimnanthin, 12), 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzyl GSL (3,5-dimethoxysinalbin, 8), 4-hydroxybenzyl GSL (glucosinalbin, 6), 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl GSL (10) and 2-phenylethyl GSL (gluconasturtiin, 13). GSL breakdown products obtained by hydrodistillation (HD) and CH2Cl2 extraction after hydrolysis by myrosinase for 24 h (EXT) as well as benzyl ITC were tested for their cytotoxic activity using MTT assay. Generally, EXT showed noticeable antiproliferative activity against human bladder cancer cell line UM-UC-3 and human glioblastoma cell line LN229, and can be considered as moderately active, while IC50 of benzyl ITC was 12.3 μg/mL, which can be considered as highly active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Đulović
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.Đ.); (P.B.)
| | - Franko Burčul
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | | | - Mirko Ruščić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Petra Brzović
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.Đ.); (P.B.)
| | - Sabine Montaut
- Biomolecular Sciences Programme, School of Biological, Chemical and Forensic Sciences, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada;
| | - Patrick Rollin
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d’Orléans et CNRS, UMR 7311, 45000 Orléans, France;
| | - Ivica Blažević
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.Đ.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-21-329-434
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15
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Lee J, Han Y, Wang W, Jo H, Kim H, Kim S, Yang KM, Kim SJ, Dhanasekaran DN, Song YS. Phytochemicals in Cancer Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081107. [PMID: 34439774 PMCID: PMC8393583 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of immune checkpoint molecules in the tumor microenvironment reduces the anti-tumor immune response by suppressing the recognition of T cells to tumor cells. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is emerging as a promising therapeutic option for cancer treatment. However, modulating the immune system with ICIs still faces obstacles with severe immunogenic side effects and a lack of response against many cancer types. Plant-derived natural compounds offer regulation on various signaling cascades and have been applied for the treatment of multiple diseases, including cancer. Accumulated evidence provides the possibility of efficacy of phytochemicals in combinational with other therapeutic agents of ICIs, effectively modulating immune checkpoint-related signaling molecules. Recently, several phytochemicals have been reported to show the modulatory effects of immune checkpoints in various cancers in in vivo or in vitro models. This review summarizes druggable immune checkpoints and their regulatory factors. In addition, phytochemicals that are capable of suppressing PD-1/PD-L1 binding, the best-studied target of ICI therapy, were comprehensively summarized and classified according to chemical structure subgroups. It may help extend further research on phytochemicals as candidates of combinational adjuvants. Future clinical trials may validate the synergetic effects of preclinically investigated phytochemicals with ICI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juwon Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.L.); (Y.H.); (W.W.); (H.J.); (H.K.)
- WCU Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Youngjin Han
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.L.); (Y.H.); (W.W.); (H.J.); (H.K.)
- SK Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si 13494, Korea
| | - Wenyu Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.L.); (Y.H.); (W.W.); (H.J.); (H.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - HyunA Jo
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.L.); (Y.H.); (W.W.); (H.J.); (H.K.)
- WCU Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Heeyeon Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.L.); (Y.H.); (W.W.); (H.J.); (H.K.)
- WCU Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Soochi Kim
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA;
| | - Kyung-Min Yang
- MedPacto Inc., 92, Myeongdal-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06668, Korea; (K.-M.Y.); (S.-J.K.)
| | - Seong-Jin Kim
- MedPacto Inc., 92, Myeongdal-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06668, Korea; (K.-M.Y.); (S.-J.K.)
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Korea
- Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Korea
| | - Danny N. Dhanasekaran
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yong Sang Song
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.L.); (Y.H.); (W.W.); (H.J.); (H.K.)
- WCU Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2072-2822
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Kang RH, Kim Y, Kim JH, Kim NH, Ko HM, Lee SH, Shim I, Kim JS, Jang HJ, Kim D. Self-Activating Therapeutic Nanoparticle: A Targeted Tumor Therapy Using Reactive Oxygen Species Self-Generation and Switch-on Drug Release. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:30359-30372. [PMID: 34142813 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the recent advances in nanotechnology within the medical field is the development of a nanoformulation of anticancer drugs or photosensitizers. Cancer cell-specific drug delivery and upregulation of the endogenous level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important in precision anticancer treatment. Within our article, we report a new therapeutic nanoformulation of cancer cell targeting using endogenous ROS self-generation without an external initiator and a switch-on drug release (ROS-induced cascade nanoparticle degradation and anticancer drug generation). We found a substantial cellular ROS generation by treating an isothiocyanate-containing chemical and functionalizing it onto the surface of porous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNPs) that are biodegradable and ROS-responsive nanocarriers. Simultaneously, we loaded an ROS-responsive prodrug (JS-11) that could be converted to the original anticancer drug, SN-38, and conducted further surface functionalization with a cancer-targeting peptide, CGKRK. We demonstrated the feasibility as a cancer-targeting and self-activating therapeutic nanoparticle in a pancreatic cancer xenograft mouse model, and it showed a superior therapeutic efficacy through ROS-induced therapy and drug-induced cell death. The work presented is a new concept of a nanotherapeutic and provides a more feasible clinical translational pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rae Hyung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yumi Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Hee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Min Ko
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyeon Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Inseob Shim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeung-Jin Jang
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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González F, Quintero J, Del Río R, Mahn A. Optimization of an Extraction Process to Obtain a Food-Grade Sulforaphane-Rich Extract from Broccoli ( Brassica oleracea var. italica). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134042. [PMID: 34279379 PMCID: PMC8272218 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a powerful health-promoting compound found in broccoli in the form of its inactive precursor, glucoraphanin (GFN). SFN formation occurs through the enzymatic hydrolysis of glucoraphanin by myrosinase under specific chemical conditions. Its incorporation in food formulations has been hindered by the thermal instability of SFN and low concentration in Brassicaceae. Then, extracting SFN from broccoli at a temperature below 40 °C appears as an option to recover and stabilize SFN, aiming at delivering it as a nutraceutical. We studied an eco-friendly extraction process to obtain an SFN-rich extract from broccoli. The effect of the broccoli mass/solvent ratio, ethanol concentration in the extractant solution, and extraction time on the recovery of SFN, GFN, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity were studied through a Box–Behnken design. The regression models explained more than 70% of the variability in the responses, adequately representing the system. The experimental factors differently affected the bioactive compound recovery and antioxidant activity of the extracts. The extraction conditions that allowed the highest recovery of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity were identified and experimentally validated. The results may provide the basis for the design of a process to produce a sulforaphane-rich food supplement or nutraceutical by using a GRAS extractant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis González
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9160000, Chile; (F.G.); (J.Q.)
| | - Julián Quintero
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9160000, Chile; (F.G.); (J.Q.)
| | - Rodrigo Del Río
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (PUC), Santiago 3542000, Chile;
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile
| | - Andrea Mahn
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9160000, Chile; (F.G.); (J.Q.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-2-27181833
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18
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Dose B, Niehs SP, Scherlach K, Shahda S, Flórez LV, Kaltenpoth M, Hertweck C. Biosynthesis of Sinapigladioside, an Antifungal Isothiocyanate from Burkholderia Symbionts. Chembiochem 2021; 22:1920-1924. [PMID: 33739557 PMCID: PMC8252389 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sinapigladioside is a rare isothiocyanate-bearing natural product from beetle-associated bacteria (Burkholderia gladioli) that might protect beetle offspring against entomopathogenic fungi. The biosynthetic origin of sinapigladioside has been elusive, and little is known about bacterial isothiocyanate biosynthesis in general. On the basis of stable-isotope labeling, bioinformatics, and mutagenesis, we identified the sinapigladioside biosynthesis gene cluster in the symbiont and found that an isonitrile synthase plays a key role in the biosynthetic pathway. Genome mining and network analyses indicate that related gene clusters are distributed across various bacterial phyla including producers of both nitriles and isothiocyanates. Our findings support a model for bacterial isothiocyanate biosynthesis by sulfur transfer into isonitrile precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Dose
- Department of Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKIBeutenbergstr. 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Sarah P. Niehs
- Department of Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKIBeutenbergstr. 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Kirstin Scherlach
- Department of Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKIBeutenbergstr. 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Sophie Shahda
- Department of Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKIBeutenbergstr. 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Laura V. Flórez
- Department for Evolutionary EcologyInstitute of Organismic and Molecular EvolutionJohannes Gutenberg UniversityJohann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 1355128MainzGermany
| | - Martin Kaltenpoth
- Department for Evolutionary EcologyInstitute of Organismic and Molecular EvolutionJohannes Gutenberg UniversityJohann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 1355128MainzGermany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Department of Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKIBeutenbergstr. 11a07745JenaGermany
- Faculty of Biological SciencesFriedrich Schiller University Jena07743JenaGermany
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19
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Milczarek M, Pogorzelska A, Wiktorska K. Synergistic Interaction between 5-FU and an Analog of Sulforaphane-2-Oxohexyl Isothiocyanate-In an In Vitro Colon Cancer Model. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26103019. [PMID: 34069385 PMCID: PMC8158758 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy is based on the beneficial effects of pharmacodynamic interaction (synergistic or additive) between combined drugs or substances. A considerable group of candidates for combined treatments are natural compounds (e.g., isothiocyanates) and their analogs, which are tested in combination with anticancer drugs. We tested the anticancer effect of the combined treatment of isothiocyanate 2-oxohexyl isothiocyanate and 5-fluorouracil in colon and prostate cancer cell lines. The type of interaction was described using the Chou-Talalay method. The cytostatic and cytotoxic activities of the most promising combined treatments were investigated. In conclusion, we showed that combined treatment with 5-fluorouracil and 2-oxohexyl isothiocyanate acted synergistically in colon cancer. This activity is dependent on the cytostatic properties of the tested compounds and leads to the intensification of their individual cytotoxic activity. The apoptotic process is considered to be the main mechanism of cytotoxicity in this combined treatment.
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Janczewski Ł, Kręgiel D, Kolesińska B. Synthesis of Isothiocyanates Using DMT/NMM/TsO - as a New Desulfurization Reagent. Molecules 2021; 26:2740. [PMID: 34066597 PMCID: PMC8125326 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty-three alkyl and aryl isothiocyanates, as well as isothiocyanate derivatives from esters of coded amino acids and from esters of unnatural amino acids (6-aminocaproic, 4-(aminomethyl)benzoic, and tranexamic acids), were synthesized with satisfactory or very good yields (25-97%). Synthesis was performed in a "one-pot", two-step procedure, in the presence of organic base (Et3N, DBU or NMM), and carbon disulfide via dithiocarbamates, with 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium toluene-4-sulfonate (DMT/NMM/TsO-) as a desulfurization reagent. For the synthesis of aliphatic and aromatic isothiocyanates, reactions were carried out in a microwave reactor, and selected alkyl isothiocyanates were also synthesized in aqueous medium with high yields (72-96%). Isothiocyanate derivatives of L- and D-amino acid methyl esters were synthesized, under conditions without microwave radiation assistance, with low racemization (er 99 > 1), and their absolute configuration was confirmed by circular dichroism. Isothiocyanate derivatives of natural and unnatural amino acids were evaluated for antibacterial activity on E. coli and S. aureus bacterial strains, where the most active was ITC 9e.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Janczewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Dorota Kręgiel
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Beata Kolesińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
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21
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Qin Z, Ou S, Xu L, Sorensen K, Zhang Y, Hu DP, Yang Z, Hu WY, Chen F, Prins GS. Design and synthesis of isothiocyanate-containing hybrid androgen receptor (AR) antagonist to downregulate AR and induce ferroptosis in GSH-Deficient prostate cancer cells. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 97:1059-1078. [PMID: 33470049 PMCID: PMC8168342 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sustained androgen receptor (AR) signaling and apoptosis evasion are among the main hurdles of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) treatment. We designed and synthesized isothiocyanate (ITC)-containing hybrid AR antagonist (ITC-ARi) and rationally combined ITC-ARi with GSH synthesis inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) to efficiently downregulate AR/AR splice variant and induce ferroptosis in CRPC cells. The representative ITC-ARi 13 is an AR ligand that contains an N-acetyl cysteine-masked ITC moiety and gradually releases parental unconjugated ITC 12b in aqueous solution. The in vitro anti-PCa activities of 13, such as growth inhibition and AR downregulation, are significantly enhanced when combined with BSO. The drug combination caused notable lipid peroxidation and the cell viability was effectively rescued by iron chelator, antioxidants or the inhibitor of heme oxygenase-1, supporting the induction of ferroptosis. 13 and BSO cooperatively downregulate AR and induce ferroptosis likely through increasing the accessibility of 13/12b to cellular targets, escalating free intracellular ferrous iron and attenuating GSH-centered cellular defense and adaptation. Further studies on the combination of ITC-ARi and GSH synthesis inhibitor could result in a new modality against CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Siyu Ou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Liping Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kathleen Sorensen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yingxue Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Dan-Ping Hu
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Wen-Yang Hu
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Gail S. Prins
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Spöttel J, Brockelt J, Badekow S, Rohn S. Immunological Analysis of Isothiocyanate-Modified α-Lactalbumin Using High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071842. [PMID: 33805932 PMCID: PMC8036266 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Undirected modifications between food proteins and secondary plant metabolites can occur during food processing. The results of covalent interactions can alter the functional and biological properties of the proteins. The present work studied the extent of which covalent conjugation of the bioactive metabolite benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC; a glucosinolate breakdown product) to the whey protein α-lactalbumin affects the protein’s allergenicity. Additional to the immunological analysis of native untreated and BITC-modified α-lactalbumin, the analysis of antigenic properties of proteolytically digested protein derivatives was also performed by high performance thin layer chromatography and immunostaining. As a result of the chemical modifications, structural changes in the protein molecule affected the allergenic properties. In this process, epitopes are destroyed or inactivated, but at the same time, buried epitopes can be exposed or newly formed, so that the net effect was an increase in allergenicity, in this case. Results from the tryptic hydrolysis suggest that BITC conjugation sterically hindered the cleavage sites for the enzyme, resulting in reduced digestibility and allergenicity. Residual antigenicity can be still present as short peptide fragments that provide epitopes. The desire to make food safer for allergy sufferers and to protect sensitized individuals from an allergenic reaction makes it clear that the detection of food antigens is mandatory; especially by considering protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Spöttel
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (J.S.); (J.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Johannes Brockelt
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (J.S.); (J.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Svenja Badekow
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (J.S.); (J.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (J.S.); (J.B.); (S.B.)
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, TIB 4/3-1, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-314-72583
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Hart MD, Meyers JJ, Wood ZA, Nakakita T, Applegate JC, Erickson NR, Gerasimchuk NN, Barybin MV. Tuning π-Acceptor/σ-Donor Ratio of the 2-Isocyanoazulene Ligand: Non-Fluorinated Rival of Pentafluorophenyl Isocyanide and Trifluorovinyl Isocyanide Discovered. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040981. [PMID: 33673291 PMCID: PMC7918097 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocyanoazulenes (CNAz) constitute a relatively new class of isocyanoarenes that offers rich structural and electronic diversification of the organic isocyanide ligand platform. This article considers a series of 2-isocyano-1,3-X2-azulene ligands (X = H, Me, CO2Et, Br, and CN) and the corresponding zero-valent complexes thereof, [(OC)5Cr(2-isocyano-1,3-X2-azulene)]. Air- and thermally stable, X-ray structurally characterized 2-isocyano-1,3-dimethylazulene may be viewed as a non-benzenoid aromatic congener of 2,6-dimethyphenyl isocyanide (2,6-xylyl isocyanide), a longtime “workhorse” aryl isocyanide ligand in coordination chemistry. Single crystal X-ray crystallographic {Cr–CNAz bond distances}, cyclic voltametric {E1/2(Cr0/1+)}, 13C NMR {δ(13CN), δ(13CO)}, UV-vis {dπ(Cr) → pπ*(CNAz) Metal-to-Ligand Charge Transfer}, and FTIR {νN≡C, νC≡O, kC≡O} analyses of the [(OC)5Cr(2-isocyano-1,3-X2-azulene)] complexes provided a multifaceted, quantitative assessment of the π-acceptor/σ-donor characteristics of the above five 2-isocyanoazulenes. In particular, the following inverse linear relationships were documented: δ(13COtrans) vs. δ(13CN), δ(13COcis) vs. δ(13CN), and δ(13COtrans) vs. kC≡O,trans force constant. Remarkably, the net electron withdrawing capability of the 2-isocyano-1,3-dicyanoazulene ligand rivals those of perfluorinated isocyanides CNC6F5 and CNC2F3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason D. Hart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (M.D.H.); (Z.A.W.); (T.N.); (J.C.A.); (N.R.E.)
| | - John J. Meyers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (M.D.H.); (Z.A.W.); (T.N.); (J.C.A.); (N.R.E.)
- Department of Chemistry & Physics, Clayton State University, 2000 Clayton State Blvd., Morrow, GA 30260, USA
- Correspondence: (J.J.M.J.); (N.N.G.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Zachary A. Wood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (M.D.H.); (Z.A.W.); (T.N.); (J.C.A.); (N.R.E.)
| | - Toshinori Nakakita
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (M.D.H.); (Z.A.W.); (T.N.); (J.C.A.); (N.R.E.)
| | - Jason C. Applegate
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (M.D.H.); (Z.A.W.); (T.N.); (J.C.A.); (N.R.E.)
| | - Nathan R. Erickson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (M.D.H.); (Z.A.W.); (T.N.); (J.C.A.); (N.R.E.)
| | - Nikolay N. Gerasimchuk
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri State University, 901 S. National Ave., Springfield, MO 65897, USA
- Correspondence: (J.J.M.J.); (N.N.G.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Mikhail V. Barybin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (M.D.H.); (Z.A.W.); (T.N.); (J.C.A.); (N.R.E.)
- Correspondence: (J.J.M.J.); (N.N.G.); (M.V.B.)
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Coscueta ER, Sousa AS, Reis CA, Pintado M. Chitosan-olive oil microparticles for phenylethyl isothiocyanate delivery: Optimal formulation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248257. [PMID: 33956792 PMCID: PMC8101728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a chemopreventive compound, is highly reactive due to its considerably electrophilic nature. Furthermore, it is hydrophobic and has low stability, bioavailability and bioaccessibility. This restricts its use in biomedical and nutraceutical or food applications. Thus, the encapsulation of this agent has the function of overcoming these limitations, promoting its solubility in water, and stabilizing it, preserving its bioactivity. So, polymeric microparticles were developed using chitosan-olive oil-PEITC systems. For this, an optimisation process (factors: olive oil: chitosan ratio and PEITC: chitosan ratio) was implemented through a 3-level factorial experimental design. The responses were: the particle size, zeta-potential, polydisperse index, and entrapment efficiency. The optimal formulation was further characterised by FTIR and biocompatibility in Caco-2 cells. Optimal conditions were olive oil: chitosan and PEITC: chitosan ratios of 1.46 and 0.25, respectively. These microparticles had a size of 629 nm, a zeta-potential of 32.3 mV, a polydispersity index of 0.329, and entrapment efficiency of 98.49%. We found that the inclusion process affected the optical behaviour of the PEITC, as well as the microparticles themselves and their interaction with the medium. Furthermore, the microparticles did not show cytotoxicity within the therapeutic values of PEITC. Thus, PEITC was microencapsulated with characteristics suitable for potential biomedical, nutraceutical and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel R. Coscueta
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina–Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail: (ERC); (MP)
| | - Ana Sofia Sousa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina–Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso A. Reis
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto, Ipatimup, Porto, Portugal
- Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina–Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail: (ERC); (MP)
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Song L, Srilakshmi M, Wu Y, Saleem TSM. Sulforaphane Attenuates Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Injury in Mice. Biomed Res Int 2020; 2020:3610285. [PMID: 33415146 PMCID: PMC7769644 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3610285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of isoproterenol- (ISO-) induced oxidative stress in the myocardium results in myocardial necrosis. Sulforaphane (SFN-0.4% of sulforaphane from standardized broccoli sprout extract) possesses chemoprotective, antidiabetic, and antibacterial activities and is also active against cardiovascular-related problems due to its antioxidant properties. This study was designed to investigate the cardioprotective effect of SFN against isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury in mice. Healthy male Swiss albino mice weighing 20-30 g were used in this study. These mice were randomly divided into five groups (n = 6). All the mice in the experimental groups received isoproterenol (5 mg/kg bw, via i.p.) consecutively for 2 days. The mice were treated with SFN (4 mg/kg bw) and α-tocopherol (TCF) (10 mg/kg bw) by oral gavage for 1-7 days as pre- and posttreatment for the prophylactic and treatment groups, respectively. On day 10, the following parameters were studied: heart weight to body weight ratio, antioxidant parameters, and cardiac markers; and mitochondrial enzymes were estimated for cardioprotection. Administration of isoproterenol in mice showed an increased level of serum cardiac markers and heart mitochondrial ATPase enzymes. An increased level of myocardial thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance and decreased levels of endogenous antioxidant enzymes indicated that oxidative stress is induced by isoproterenol in the myocardium. The administration of SFN in mice restored the levels of all biochemical parameters to near-normal levels. Histopathological studies further confirmed the protective effect of sulforaphane. This study concluded that treatment with SFN boosts the endogenous antioxidant activity and prevents isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Song
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, China
| | | | - Yi Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zunyi Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China
| | - T. S. Mohamed Saleem
- Annamacharya College of Pharmacy, Rajampet-516126, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Riyadh ELM University, P.O. Box 84891, Riyadh 11681, Saudi Arabia
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Vandicke J, De Visschere K, Deconinck S, Leenknecht D, Vermeir P, Audenaert K, Haesaert G. Uncovering the biofumigant capacity of allyl isothiocyanate from several Brassicaceae crops against Fusarium pathogens in maize. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:5476-5486. [PMID: 32564371 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Driven by environmental concerns, chemical fumigants are no longer allowed in many countries. Therefore, other strategies for reducing fungal inoculum in soils and on crop debris are being explored. In the present study, several Brassicaceae crops were screened for their potential to control Fusarium gramineaum and Fusarium poae mycelial growth in an in vitro inverted Petri dish experiment. Volatile production was measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry headspace analysis. A selection of cultivars from each crop species was further investigated using a pot experiment with maize. RESULTS Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata) and brown mustard (Brassica juncea) released volatile allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and a higher concentration of AITC was correlated with a better fungal growth reduction in the in vitro screening. Brown mustard cultivar Etamine completely inhibited growth of both Fusarium spp. Pure AITC in a solution with methanol resulted in a sigmoid dose-response curve for both Fusarium spp. tested. Fusarium poae appeared to be more tolerant to AITC than F. graminearum. A pot experiment revealed that the incorporation of brown mustard plant material could alleviate the clear negative effect of F. graminearum infection on maize growth. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated the correlation between the fungistatic effect of biofumigation crops on Fusarium spp. and their production of volatile AITC in vitro, without the addition of exogenous enzymes, and confirmed the biofumigation potential of brown mustard in a pot experiment with maize. These results may help farmers when selecting a green manure crop suitable for biofumigation. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Vandicke
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien De Visschere
- Biosciences and Food Sciences Department, Faculty Science and Technology, University College Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Deconinck
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Diederik Leenknecht
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vermeir
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Anantharamkrishnan V, Reineccius GA. Method To Characterize and Monitor Covalent Interactions of Flavor Compounds with β-Lactoglobulin Using Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:13121-13130. [PMID: 32072807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study develops a method to measure the covalent bonds formed between the side chains and terminal amino acids of β-lactoglobulin (BLG) and selected flavor molecules (benzaldehyde, citral, or allyl isothiocyanate) using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI/MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). This technique made it possible to measure increases in molecular weight of BLG as the reaction takes place (BLG + flavor compound). The observed mass shifts on the reaction corresponded to either Schiff base or Michael addition reactions between the chosen flavor compounds and BLG. In the case of citral, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that these reactions lead to protein cross-linking. A proteomic approach using MS/MS to identify the sites of post-translational modification between benzaldehyde and BLG revealed that the lysine groups were the reaction sites. Interestingly, benzaldehyde was found to react with several different lysine groups but never more than one of them per BLG molecule (BLG contains 15 lysine groups/molecule). Furthermore, adducts with benzaldehyde were not observed at two lysine groups. Allyl isothiocyanate was found to react with several sites on each BLG molecule. The ESI/MS methodology in tandem with proteomics yields a detailed view of flavor/BLG interactions that may offer insights on minimizing these undesirable reactions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gary A Reineccius
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
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Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) has been documented to possess anticancer properties. However, its application is limited by instability and poor bioavailability, which could be enhanced by colloidal delivery systems. In this study, prolamins from two cereal grains, i.e., proso millet (MP) and corn (CP), were extracted and used to fabricate nanoparticles for SFN via an anti-solvent process. A secondary layer with a complex of sodium caseinate (NaCas)/propylene glycol alginate (PGA) at an equal mass was deposited to further improve the stability of nanoparticles. Results indicated that composite nanoparticles with NaCas/PGA at 0.3% (w/v) exhibited a spherical shape with high encapsulation efficiency (>80%), small size (150 nm), and highly negative ζ potential (-39 mV). SFN in MP compared to that in CP showed a similar but lower releasing rate under simulated in vitro digestion. Therefore, prolamins from both sources are promising plant source delivery materials to improve stability and achieve controlled release of bioactives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Liquor-Making and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Pingfan Rao
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
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Lu Y, Wang X, Pu H, Lin Y, Li D, Liu SQ, Huang D. Moringin and Its Structural Analogues as Slow H 2S Donors: Their Mechanisms and Bioactivity. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:7235-7245. [PMID: 32543184 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Moringin (rhamnobenzyl isothiocyanate) is a major bioactive compound in moringa seeds, which have been used as a healthy food. However, its bioactivity mechanisms are not well understood. We investigated moringin and its structurally similar analogues, including benzyl isothiocyanate and 4-hydroxylbenzyl isothiocyanate, for their hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-releasing activity triggered by cysteine. These isothiocyanates rapidly formed cysteine adducts, which underwent intramolecular cyclization followed by slowly releasing (a) organic amine and raphanusamic acid and (b) H2S and 2-carbylamino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acids. The product distributions are highly dependent on para-substituents on the phenyl group. Moringin has higher cytotoxicity to cancer cells and is a more potent anti-inflammatory agent than benzyl and hydroxybenzyl analogues, while benzyl isothiocyanate is a better antibacterial agent. Taken together, their bioactivity may not be directly related to their H2S donation activity. However, other metabolites alone do not have cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity. These findings indicated that their activity may be the combination effects of different metabolites via competitive pathways as well the para-substituent groups of benzyl ITCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyun Lu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science Drive 2, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117542 Singapore
| | - Xingyi Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science Drive 2, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117542 Singapore
| | - Haoliang Pu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science Drive 2, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117542 Singapore
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science Drive 2, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117542 Singapore
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science Drive 2, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117542 Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Shao Quan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science Drive 2, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117542 Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Dejian Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science Drive 2, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117542 Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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Mangla B, Alam O, Rub RA, Iqbal M, Singh A, Patel KS, Kohli K. Development and validation of a high throughput bioanalytical UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of tamoxifen and sulphoraphane in rat plasma: Application to an oral pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1152:122260. [PMID: 32679526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) is the choice of a drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of estrogen-positive receptor (ER+) breast cancer. Sulphoraphane (SFN), a natural plant antioxidant compound, also acts on estrogen-positive breast cancer receptor. Thus, a combination of TAM with SFN is preferred as it helps to minimize the drug-related toxicity and increases the therapeutic efficacy by providing synergistic anticancer effects of both drugs. In the present study, a new simple, sensitive, precise, and selective UPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of tamoxifen and sulphoraphane using propranolol as an internal standard (IS) in rat plasma. Chromatographic separation was achieved on reverse phase Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (50 mm × 2.1 mm, i.d., 1.7 μm) with an isocratic mobile phase composed of solvent A (0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile) and B (0.1% formic acid in water) (80:20, v/v) at a flow-rate of 0.4 mL/min. The detection and quantification of analytes was performed on Waters ZsprayTM Xevo TQD using selected-ion monitoring operated under a positive electrospray ionization mode. The transitions were m/z = 372.0 [M+H]+ → 71.92 for tamoxifen, m/z = 177.9 [M+H]+ → 113.9 for sulphoraphane and m/z = 260.3 [M+H]+ → 116.1 for propranolol. The method was linear over the concentration range of 8-500 ng/mL (r2 = 0.9996) for tamoxifen, 30-2000 ng/mL (r2 = 0.9998) for sulphoraphane with insignificant matrix effect and high extraction recovery on spiked quality control (QC) samples. The intra- and inter-batch precisions and accuracy were within the acceptable limits, and both the analytes were found to be stable throughout the short term, long term and freeze thaw stability studies. The validated method was successfully applied for the simultaneous estimation of TAM and SFN in an oral pharmacokinetic study in female Wistar rats. This developed UPLC-MS/MS method could be a valuable tool for future pharmacokinetic interaction, therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic characterization of novel formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Mangla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Ozair Alam
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Rehan Abdur Rub
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Muzaffar Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Bioavailability Unit, Central Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Archu Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Kuldeep Singh Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Utter Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Kanchan Kohli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Kuran D, Pogorzelska A, Wiktorska K. Breast Cancer Prevention-Is there a Future for Sulforaphane and Its Analogs? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061559. [PMID: 32471217 PMCID: PMC7352481 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer among women worldwide. There are several recommended methods of breast cancer prevention, including chemoprevention. There are several approved drugs used to prevent breast cancer occurrence or recurrence and metastasizing. There are also a number of new substances undergoing clinical trials and at the stage of initial study. Studies suggest that dietary factors play a crucial role in breast cancer etiology. Epidemiological studies indicate that in particular vegetables from the Brassicaceae family are a rich source of chemopreventive substances, with sulforaphane (SFN) being one of the most widely studied and characterized. This review discusses potential applicability of SFN in breast cancer chemoprevention. A comprehensive review of the literature on the impact of SFN on molecular signalling pathways in breast cancer and breast untransformed cells is presented. The presented results of in vitro and in vivo studies show that this molecule has a potential to act as a preventive molecule either to prevent disease development or recurrence and metastasizing, and as a compound protecting normal cells against the toxic effects of cytostatics. Finally, the still scanty attempts to develop an improved analog are also presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Kuran
- Department of Pharmacology, National Medicines Institute, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Pogorzelska
- Department of Drug Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, National Medicines Institute, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Wiktorska
- Department of Drug Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, National Medicines Institute, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland;
- OncoBoost Ltd., 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Georgikou C, Buglioni L, Bremerich M, Roubicek N, Yin L, Gross W, Sticht C, Bolm C, Herr I. Novel Broccoli Sulforaphane-Based Analogues Inhibit the Progression of Pancreatic Cancer without Side Effects. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050769. [PMID: 32429039 PMCID: PMC7277136 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The naturally occurring isothiocyanate sulforaphane, found in Brassicaceae vegetables, is promising in cancer treatment, e.g., by the normalization of enhanced levels of NF-κB-signaling in tumor stem cells. We chemically synthesized seven sulforaphane analogues by substitution of the sulfinyl group (S(O)) to either sulfimidoyl (S(NR)) or sulfonimidoyl (S (O) (NR)) groups, and characterized them in the cell lines of pancreatic cancer and several other tumor entities, including the NCI-60 cell panel. MTT and colony forming assays, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, microRNA arrays, bioinformatics, tumor xenotransplantation, and Kaplan Meier survival curves were performed. Compared to sulforaphane, the analogue SF102 was most efficient in inhibition of viability, colony formation, tumor growth, and the induction of apoptosis, followed by SF134. Side effects were not observed, as concluded from the body weight and liver histology of chick embryos and survival of C. elegans nematodes. Among 6659 differentially regulated microRNAs, miR29b-1-5p, and miR-27b-5p were downregulated by sulforaphane compared to controls, but upregulated by SF102 and SF134 compared to sulforaphane, suggesting differential signaling. Each substance was involved in the regulation of several NF-κB-related target genes. In conclusion, sulforaphane analogues are promising for the development of highly active new drugs in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Georgikou
- Section Surgical Research, Molecular OncoSurgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.G.); (L.Y.); (W.G.)
| | - Laura Buglioni
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany; (L.B.); (M.B.); (N.R.)
| | - Maximilian Bremerich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany; (L.B.); (M.B.); (N.R.)
| | - Nico Roubicek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany; (L.B.); (M.B.); (N.R.)
| | - Libo Yin
- Section Surgical Research, Molecular OncoSurgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.G.); (L.Y.); (W.G.)
| | - Wolfgang Gross
- Section Surgical Research, Molecular OncoSurgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.G.); (L.Y.); (W.G.)
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany; (L.B.); (M.B.); (N.R.)
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (I.H.); Tel.: +49-241-809-4675 (C.B.); +49-6221-56-6401 (I.H.); Fax: +49-241-809-2391 (C.B.); +49-6221-56-6402 (I.H.)
| | - Ingrid Herr
- Section Surgical Research, Molecular OncoSurgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.G.); (L.Y.); (W.G.)
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (I.H.); Tel.: +49-241-809-4675 (C.B.); +49-6221-56-6401 (I.H.); Fax: +49-241-809-2391 (C.B.); +49-6221-56-6402 (I.H.)
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Honda M, Kageyama H, Hibino T, Ichihashi K, Takada W, Goto M. Isomerization of Commercially Important Carotenoids (Lycopene, β-Carotene, and Astaxanthin) by Natural Catalysts: Isothiocyanates and Polysulfides. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:3228-3237. [PMID: 32074447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Effects of natural catalysts, isothiocyanates and polysulfides, on Z-isomerization and decomposition of (all-E)-carotenoids (lycopene, β-carotene, and astaxanthin) after heat treatment were investigated. When isothiocyanates were added to (all-E)-carotenoid solutions and heated, Z-isomerization and decomposition of carotenoids were enhanced and the degree differed depending on the isothiocyanate type. Interestingly, when polysulfides were applied in the same manner, in addition to promoting the Z-isomerization reaction, they markedly improved the thermal stability of carotenoids. Successively, we investigated the reaction characteristics of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and diallyl disulfide (DADS) using (all-E)-lycopene; that is, effects of the amount added, solvent used, and reaction temperature and time, as well as the combination use on Z-isomerization and decomposition of lycopene, were investigated. With increases in the amount added and reaction temperature and time, Z-isomerization of lycopene was promoted for both catalysts. The high-temperature treatment tests clearly showed that AITC induced thermal decomposition of lycopene, whereas DADS improved the lycopene stability. Moreover, the simultaneous use of AITC and DADS resulted in a synergetic effect on the Z-isomerization efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Honda
- Faculty of Science & Technology, Meijo University, Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Hakuto Kageyama
- Faculty of Science & Technology, Meijo University, Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Takashi Hibino
- Faculty of Science & Technology, Meijo University, Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Kohei Ichihashi
- Innovation Division, Kagome Company, Ltd., Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Japan
| | - Wataru Takada
- Innovation Division, Kagome Company, Ltd., Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Japan
| | - Motonobu Goto
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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Andini S, Araya-Cloutier C, Sanders M, Vincken JP. Simultaneous Analysis of Glucosinolates and Isothiocyanates by Reversed-Phase Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electron Spray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:3121-3131. [PMID: 32053364 PMCID: PMC7068719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A new method to simultaneously analyze various glucosinolates (GSLs) and isothiocyanates (ITCs) by reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electron spray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed and validated for 14 GSLs and 15 ITCs. It involved derivatization of ITCs with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). The limits of detection were 0.4-1.6 μM for GSLs and 0.9-2.6 μM for NAC-ITCs. The analysis of Sinapis alba, Brassica napus, and Brassica juncea extracts spiked with 14 GSLs and 15 ITCs indicated that the method generally had good intraday (≤10% RSD) and interday precisions (≤16% RSD). Recovery of the method was unaffected by the extracts and within 71-110% for GSLs and 66-122% for NAC-ITCs. The method was able to monitor the enzymatic hydrolysis of standard GSLs to ITCs in mixtures. Furthermore, GSLs and ITCs were simultaneously determined in Brassicaceae plant extracts before and after myrosinase treatment. This method can be applied to further investigate the enzymatic conversion of GSLs to ITCs in complex mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Andini
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, Satya Wacana Christian University, Diponegoro 52-60, Salatiga 50711, Indonesia
| | - Carla Araya-Cloutier
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Sanders
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Vincken
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Borgonovo G, De Petrocellis L, Schiano Moriello A, Bertoli S, Leone A, Battezzati A, Mazzini S, Bassoli A. Moringin, A Stable Isothiocyanate from Moringa oleifera, Activates the Somatosensory and Pain Receptor TRPA1 Channel In Vitro. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040976. [PMID: 32098328 PMCID: PMC7070407 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera Lam. is a tropical plant widely used in traditional medicines and as a food supplement. It is characterized by the presence of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates; the stable isothiocyanate 4-[(α-l-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl]isothiocyanate (moringin) has been widely studied for its bioactivity as hypoglycemic, antimicrobial, anticancer and in particular for its involvement in nociception and neurogenic pain. Moringa extracts and pure moringin were submitted to in vitro assays with the somatosensory TRPA1 ion channel, proving that moringin is a potent and effective agonist of this receptor involved in nociceptive function and pain states. Moringin do not activate or activates very weakly the vanilloids somatosensory channels TRPV1,2,3 and 4, and the melastatin cooling receptor TRPM8. The comparison of moringin’s activity with other known agonists of natural origin is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gigliola Borgonovo
- Department of Food, Environment and Nutrition-DeFENS, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (G.B.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (A.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Luciano De Petrocellis
- Endocannabinoid Research Group-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry-CNR, Pozzuoli, I-87078 Napoli, Italy; (L.D.P.); (A.S.M.)
| | - Aniello Schiano Moriello
- Endocannabinoid Research Group-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry-CNR, Pozzuoli, I-87078 Napoli, Italy; (L.D.P.); (A.S.M.)
- Epitech Group SpA, Saccolongo, 35030 Padova, Italy
| | - Simona Bertoli
- Department of Food, Environment and Nutrition-DeFENS, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (G.B.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (A.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Alessandro Leone
- Department of Food, Environment and Nutrition-DeFENS, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (G.B.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (A.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Alberto Battezzati
- Department of Food, Environment and Nutrition-DeFENS, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (G.B.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (A.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Stefania Mazzini
- Department of Food, Environment and Nutrition-DeFENS, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (G.B.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (A.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Angela Bassoli
- Department of Food, Environment and Nutrition-DeFENS, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (G.B.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (A.B.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0250316815
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Popović M, Maravić A, Čikeš Čulić V, Đulović A, Burčul F, Blažević I. Biological Effects of Glucosinolate Degradation Products from Horseradish: A Horse that Wins the Race. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E343. [PMID: 32098279 PMCID: PMC7072351 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Horseradish degradation products, mainly isothiocyanates (ITC) and nitriles, along with their precursors glucosinolates, were characterized by GC-MS and UHPLC-MS/MS, respectively. Volatiles from horseradish leaves and roots were isolated using microwave assisted-distillation (MAD), microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity (MHG) and hydrodistillation (HD). Allyl ITC was predominant in the leaves regardless of the isolation method while MAD, MHG, and HD of the roots resulted in different yields of allyl ITC, 2-phenylethyl ITC, and their nitriles. The antimicrobial potential of roots volatiles and their main compounds was assessed against sixteen emerging food spoilage and opportunistic pathogens. The MHG isolate was the most active, inhibiting bacteria at minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) from only 3.75 to 30 µg/mL, and fungi at MIC50 between <0.12 and 0.47 µg/mL. Cytotoxic activity of volatile isolates and their main compounds were tested against two human cancer cell lines using MTT assay after 72 h. The roots volatiles showed best cytotoxic activity (HD; IC50 = 2.62 μg/mL) against human lung A549 and human bladder T24 cancer cell lines (HD; IC50 = 0.57 μg/mL). Generally, 2-phenylethyl ITC, which was tested for its antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities along with two other major components allyl ITC and 3-phenylpropanenitrile, showed the best biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Popović
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Ana Maravić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Vedrana Čikeš Čulić
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 2100 Split, Croatia;
| | - Azra Đulović
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Franko Burčul
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Ivica Blažević
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia;
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Román J, González D, Inostroza-Ponta M, Mahn A. Molecular Modeling of Epithiospecifier and Nitrile-Specifier Proteins of Broccoli and Their Interaction with Aglycones. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040772. [PMID: 32054008 PMCID: PMC7071048 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates are secondary plant metabolites of Brassicaceae. They exert their effect after enzymatic hydrolysis to yield aglycones, which become nitriles and epithionitriles through the action of epithiospecifier (ESP) and nitrile-specifier proteins (NSP). The mechanism of action of broccoli ESP and NSP is poorly understood mainly because ESP and NSP structures have not been completely characterized and because aglycones are unstable, thus hindering experimental measurements. The aim of this work was to investigate the interaction of broccoli ESP and NSP with the aglycones derived from broccoli glucosinolates using molecular simulations. The three-dimensional structure of broccoli ESP was built based on its amino-acid sequence, and the NSP structure was constructed based on a consensus amino-acid sequence. The models obtained using Iterative Threading ASSEmbly Refinement (I-TASSER) were refined with the OPLS-AA/L all atom force field of GROMACS 5.0.7 and were validated by Veryfy3D and ERRAT. The structures were selected based on molecular dynamics simulations. Interactions between the proteins and aglycones were simulated with Autodock Vina at different pH. It was concluded that pH determines the stability of the complexes and that the aglycone derived from glucoraphanin has the highest affinity to both ESP and NSP. This agrees with the fact that glucoraphanin is the most abundant glucosinolate in broccoli florets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Román
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago 9170019, Chile; (J.R.); (D.G.)
| | - Dorian González
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago 9170019, Chile; (J.R.); (D.G.)
| | - Mario Inostroza-Ponta
- Departamento de Ingeniería Informática, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago 9170019, Chile;
| | - Andrea Mahn
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago 9170019, Chile; (J.R.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-2-2718-1833
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Zhu J, Ren Z, Huang B, Cao A, Wang Q, Yan D, Ouyang C, Wu J, Li Y. Effects of Fumigation with Allyl Isothiocyanate on Soil Microbial Diversity and Community Structure of Tomato. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:1226-1236. [PMID: 31922739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As a substitute for methyl bromide, effects of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) on nontarget microorganisms in soil are poorly understood. This study measured the half-life of AITC in the soil as well as its effects on the soil substrate-induced respiration (SIR) and on communities of soil bacteria and fungi. The results showed that AITC had a short half-life and a short-term inhibition of SIR; high-throughput sequencing analysis showed that AITC had less effect on bacterial than fungal communities. Fumigation reduced the diversity of soil bacteria temporarily, but stimulated the diversity of soil fungi in the long-term and significantly changed the structure of the fungal community. Following AITC fumigation there were significant increases in the relative abundance of probiotics such as Sphingomonas, Streptomyces, Hypocreales, Acremonium, Aspergillus, and Pseudallescheria that help to control plant diseases. Our study provided useful information for assessing the ecological safety of AITC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Zhu
- Institute of Plant Protection , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Zongjie Ren
- National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center , Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs , Beijing 100125 , China
| | - Bin Huang
- Institute of Plant Protection , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Aocheng Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Qiuxia Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Dongdong Yan
- Institute of Plant Protection , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Canbin Ouyang
- Institute of Plant Protection , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Jiajia Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Plant Protection , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 , China
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Blažević I, Đulović A, Čikeš Čulić V, Popović M, Guillot X, Burčul F, Rollin P. Microwave-Assisted versus Conventional Isolation of Glucosinolate Degradation Products from Lunaria annua L. and Their Cytotoxic Activity. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E215. [PMID: 32024150 PMCID: PMC7072642 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) from Lunaria annua L. seeds were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by their desulfo counterparts using UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS technique and by their volatile breakdown products, isothiocyanates (ITCs), using GC-MS technique. GSL breakdown products were obtained by conventional techniques (hydrodistillation in a Clevenger type apparatus (HD), CH2Cl2 extraction after myrosinase hydrolysis (EXT) for 24 h) as well as by modern techniques, microwave-assisted distillation (MAD) and microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity (MHG). Seven GSLs were identified as follows: isopropyl GSL (1), sec-butyl GSL (2), 5-(methylsulfinyl)pentyl GSL (3), 6-(methylsulfinyl)hexyl GSL (4), 5-(methylsulfanyl)pentyl GSL (5), 6-(methylsulfanyl)hexyl GSL (6), and benzyl GSL (7). Additionally, pent-4-enyl- and hex-5-enyl ITCs were detected in the volatile extracts. However, their corresponding GSLs were not detected using UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS. Thus, they are suggested to be formed during GC-MS analysis via thermolysis of 5-(methylsulfinyl)pentyl- and 6-(methylsulfinyl)hexyl ITCs, respectively. Volatile isolates were tested for their cytotoxic activity using MTT assay. EXT and MHG showed the best cytotoxic activity against human lung cancer cell line A549 during an incubation time of 72 h (IC50 18.8, and 33.5 μg/mL, respectively), and against breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 after 48 h (IC50 6.0 and 11.8 μg/mL, respectively). These activities can be attributed to the ITCs originating from 3 and 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivica Blažević
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.Đ.); (M.P.)
| | - Azra Đulović
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.Đ.); (M.P.)
| | | | - Marijana Popović
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.Đ.); (M.P.)
| | | | - Franko Burčul
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Patrick Rollin
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Université d’Orléans et CNRS, UMR 7311, BP 6759, F-45067 Orléans, France;
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Nagiah N, Murdock CJ, Bhattacharjee M, Nair L, Laurencin CT. Development of Tripolymeric Triaxial Electrospun Fibrous Matrices for Dual Drug Delivery Applications. Sci Rep 2020; 10:609. [PMID: 31953439 PMCID: PMC6969175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57412-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first work by Laurencin and colleagues on the development of polymeric electrospinning for biomedical purposes, the use of electrospinning technology has found broad applications in such areas of tissue regeneration and drug delivery. More recently, coaxial electrospinning has emerged as an important technique to develop scaffolds for regenerative engineering incorporated with drug(s). However, the addition of a softer core layer leads to a reduction in mechanical properties. Here, novel robust tripolymeric triaxially electrospun fibrous scaffolds were developed with a polycaprolactone (PCL) (core layer), a 50:50 poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) (sheath layer) and a gelatin (intermediate layer) with a dual drug delivery capability was developed through modified electrospinning. A sharp increase in elastic modulus after the incorporation of PCL in the core of the triaxial fibers in comparison with uniaxial PLGA (50:50) and coaxial PLGA (50:50) (sheath)-gelatin (core) fibers was observed. Thermal analysis of the fibrous scaffolds revealed an interaction between the core-intermediate and sheath-intermediate layers of the triaxial fibers contributing to the higher tensile modulus. A simultaneous dual release of model small molecule Rhodamine B (RhB) and model protein Fluorescein isothiocynate (FITC) Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) conjugate incorporated in the sheath and intermediate layers of triaxial fibers was achieved. The tripolymeric, triaxial electrospun systems were seen to be ideal for the support of mesenchymal stem cell growth, as shrinkage of fibers normally found with conventional electrospun systems was minimized. These tripolymeric triaxial electrospun fibers that are biomechanically competent, biocompatible, and capable of dual drug release are designed for regenerative engineering and drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Nagiah
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Christopher J Murdock
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Maumita Bhattacharjee
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Lakshmi Nair
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Cato T Laurencin
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America.
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America.
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America.
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America.
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Pedras MSC, Thapa C. Unveiling fungal detoxification pathways of the cruciferous phytoalexin rapalexin A: Sequential L-cysteine conjugation, acetylation and oxidative cyclization mediated by Colletotrichum spp. Phytochemistry 2020; 169:112188. [PMID: 31683228 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of the phytoalexin rapalexin A, a unique indole isothiocyanate (ITC) produced by crucifers (family Brassicaceae), was investigated. Three phytopathogenic fungal species were examined: Colletotrichum dematium (Pers.:Fr.) Grove, a broad host range pathogen, C. higginsianum Sacc., a host-selective pathogen of crucifers and C. lentis Damm, a host-selective pathogen of lentils (Lens culinaris Medik.). The metabolism of rapalexin A by C. dematium and C. higginsianum was similar, taking place via one common intermediate and two divergent pathways, but C. lentis was unable to transform rapalexin A. Both C. higginsianum and C. dematium transformed rapalexin A to two previously undescribed metabolites, the structures of which were confirmed by chemical synthesis: N-acetyl-S-(8-methoxy-4H-thiazolo[5,4-b]indol-2-yl)-L-cysteine and 4-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-thioxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid. That is, both fungal pathogens metabolized and detoxified rapalexin A by addition of the thiol group of L-Cys residue to the isothiocyanate carbon of rapalexin A, a transformation usually catalyzed by glutathione transferases. Coincidentally, this metabolic pathway is employed by mammals and insects to detoxify isothiocyanates and other xenobiotics. Hence, C. higginsianum could be a useful model fungus to uncover genes involved in the detoxification pathways of ITCs and related xenobiotics. Our overall results suggest that increasing rapalexin A production in specific crucifers could increase crop resistance to certain fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Soledade C Pedras
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C9, Canada.
| | - Chintamani Thapa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C9, Canada
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Borgonovo G, Zimbaldi N, Guarise M, Bedussi F, Winnig M, Vennegeerts T, Bassoli A. Glucosinolates in Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop.: Comparative Analysis in Cultivated and Wild Plants and in Vitro Assays with T2Rs Bitter Taste Receptors. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244572. [PMID: 31847178 PMCID: PMC6943552 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop., commonly known as "hedge mustard" or "the singer's plant" is a wild plant common in Eurasian regions. Its cultivation is mainly dedicated to herboristic applications and it has only recently been introduced into Italy. The active botanicals in S. officinale are glucosinolates, generally estimated by using UV or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Using both techniques, we measured the total glucosinolates from S. officinale in different parts of the plant as roots, leaves, seeds, and flowers. A comparison was made for cultivated and wild samples, and for samples obtained with different pre-treatment and fresh, frozen, and dried storage conditions. Cultivated and wild plants have a comparable amount of total glucosinolates, while drying procedures can reduce the final glucosinolates content. The content in glucoputranjivin, which is the chemical marker for glucosinolates in S. officinale, has been determined using HPLC and a pure reference standard. Glucoputranjivin and two isothiocyanates from S. officinale have been submitted to in vitro assays with the platform of bitter taste receptors of the T2Rs family. The results show that glucoputranjivin is a selective agonist of receptor T2R16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gigliola Borgonovo
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences-DeFENS, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (G.B.); (N.Z.)
| | - Nathan Zimbaldi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences-DeFENS, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (G.B.); (N.Z.)
| | - Marta Guarise
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-DISAA, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (M.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Floriana Bedussi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-DISAA, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (M.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Marcel Winnig
- IMAX Discovery GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Straße, 15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; (M.W.); (T.V.)
- Axxam S.p.A. Via Meucci, 3, 20091 Bresso, Italy
| | - Timo Vennegeerts
- IMAX Discovery GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Straße, 15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; (M.W.); (T.V.)
- Axxam S.p.A. Via Meucci, 3, 20091 Bresso, Italy
| | - Angela Bassoli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences-DeFENS, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (G.B.); (N.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-025-031-6815
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Xu Y, Han X, Li Y, Min H, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Qi Y, Shi J, Qi S, Bao Y, Nie G. Sulforaphane Mediates Glutathione Depletion via Polymeric Nanoparticles to Restore Cisplatin Chemosensitivity. ACS Nano 2019; 13:13445-13455. [PMID: 31670945 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Platinum (Pt)-based chemotherapy is a broadly used therapeutic regimen against various cancers. However, the insufficient cellular uptake, deactivation by thiol-containing species and nonspecific distribution of cisplatin (CDDP) result in its low chemosensitivity as well as systemic side effects, which can largely constrain the employment of CDDP in clinical treatment. To circumvent these problems, in this study, polymeric nanoparticles were utilized to codeliver a water-soluble CDDP derivative, poly(γ,l-glutamic acid)-CDDP conjugate, and a naturally occurring compound derived from broccoli, sulforaphane, which can achieve efficient glutathione (GSH) depletion, to improve the accumulation of CDDP in cancer cells. Results show that compared with combinational treatment of CDDP and SFN, the nanoparticles were more effectively internalized and could significantly reduce GSH content in breast cancer cells, leading to a notable increase in DNA-bound Pt and DNA damage-induced apoptosis. Moreover, in an orthotopic breast cancer model, the nanoparticles achieved a significantly higher tumor accumulation and exhibited a more powerful antitumor activity. Finally, this nanoenhanced chemotherapy was further confirmed in a liver cancer model with high-expression of GSH. Taken together, this sulforaphane-based nanostrategy holds great promise to enhance the sensitivity and therapeutic efficacy of Pt-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P.R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P.R. China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research , Sino-Danish College of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P.R. China
| | - Xuexiang Han
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P.R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P.R. China
| | - Yiye Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P.R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P.R. China
| | - Huan Min
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P.R. China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P.R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P.R. China
| | - Yinlong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P.R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P.R. China
| | - Yingqiu Qi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , Henan , P.R. China
| | - Jian Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P.R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P.R. China
| | - Sheng Qi
- School of Pharmacy , University of East Anglia , Norwich , Norfolk NR4 7TJ , U.K
| | - Yongping Bao
- Norwich Medical School , University of East Anglia , Norwich , Norfolk NR4 7UQ , U.K
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P.R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P.R. China
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Passi M, Kumar V, Packirisamy G. Theranostic nanozyme: Silk fibroin based multifunctional nanocomposites to combat oxidative stress. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2019; 107:110255. [PMID: 31761203 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional nanomaterials integrating therapeutic and imaging modalities in one platform have opened a new era in the present therapeutic strategies. In the present study, a multifunctional silk fibroin-based carrier has been designed for the delivery of antioxidant and imaging agents. One-step desolvation method was used to prepare sulforaphane (antioxidant drug) loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles (SFSNPs). These anionic SFSNPs were further coupled with cationic cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) and PEI passivated carbon dots (CDs) to form self-assembled CeNP-CD@SFSNPs nanocomposites. CDs were synthesized from mulberry leaves (Morus indica) as green source of carbon and bPEI as a passivating agent to get positively charged CDs. The CDs functioned as molecular probes by emitting green fluorescence while the presence of CeNPs augmented the antioxidant potential due to their unique redox property. Time-dependent in vitro release of sulforaphane was fast in acidic pH than under normal physiological conditions. Cytotoxicity studies were performed on L132 normal epithelial lung cell lines and A549 lung cancer cell lines to analyze the toxicity of the nanocomposites. Green fluorescence from the CDs facilitated in fluorescence microscopic imaging and cellular uptake studies. ROS scavenging capability was analyzed by exposing cells to H2O2 stress using flow cytometry and DCFH-DA staining. Overall, the synthesized CeNP-CD@SFSNPs nanocomposites efficiently reduced ROS levels by simultaneously enabling imaging of the cells. Thus, this CeNP-CD@SFSNPs nanocomposite could be a potential candidate for simultaneous imaging and drug delivery against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehak Passi
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Gopinath Packirisamy
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India; Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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45
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Abstract
There is robust epidemiological evidence for the beneficial effects of broccoli consumption on health, many of them clearly mediated by the isothiocyanate sulforaphane. Present in the plant as its precursor, glucoraphanin, sulforaphane is formed through the actions of myrosinase, a β-thioglucosidase present in either the plant tissue or the mammalian microbiome. Since first isolated from broccoli and demonstrated to have cancer chemoprotective properties in rats in the early 1990s, over 3000 publications have described its efficacy in rodent disease models, underlying mechanisms of action or, to date, over 50 clinical trials examining pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and disease mitigation. This review evaluates the current state of knowledge regarding the relationships between formulation (e.g., plants, sprouts, beverages, supplements), bioavailability and efficacy, and the doses of glucoraphanin and/or sulforaphane that have been used in pre-clinical and clinical studies. We pay special attention to the challenges for better integration of animal model and clinical studies, particularly with regard to selection of dose and route of administration. More effort is required to elucidate underlying mechanisms of action and to develop and validate biomarkers of pharmacodynamic action in humans. A sobering lesson is that changes in approach will be required to implement a public health paradigm for dispensing benefit across all spectrums of the global population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yagishita
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Jed W Fahey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland DD1 9SY, UK.
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
- Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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46
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Kim K, Choi N, Jeon JH, Rhie GE, Choo J. SERS-Based Immunoassays for the Detection of Botulinum Toxins A and B Using Magnetic Beads. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:s19194081. [PMID: 31546587 PMCID: PMC6806190 DOI: 10.3390/s19194081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and sensitive detection of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) is important for immediate treatment with proper antitoxins. However, it is difficult to detect BoNTs at the acute phase of infection, owing to its rarity and ambiguous symptoms. To resolve this problem, we developed a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based immunoassay technique for the rapid and sensitive detection of BoNTs. Magnetic beads and SERS nanotags as capture substrates and detection probes, respectively, and Nile Blue A (NBA) and malachite green isothiocyanate (MGITC) as Raman reporter molecules were used for the detection of two different types of BoNTs (types A and B), respectively. The corresponding limits of detection (LODs) were determined as 5.7 ng/mL (type A) and 1.3 ng/mL (type B). Total assay time, including that for immunoreaction, washing, and detection, was less than 2 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Namhyun Choi
- Department of Bionano Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Korea.
| | - Jun Ho Jeon
- Division of High-risk Pathogens, Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chungju 28159, Korea.
| | - Gi-Eun Rhie
- Division of High-risk Pathogens, Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chungju 28159, Korea.
| | - Jaebum Choo
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
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Chiricosta L, Gugliandolo A, Diomede F, Pizzicannella J, Trubiani O, Iori R, Tardiolo G, Guarnieri S, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Moringin Pretreatment Inhibits the Expression of Genes Involved in Mitophagy in the Stem Cell of the Human Periodontal Ligament. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183217. [PMID: 31487916 PMCID: PMC6767209 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringin [4-(α-L-rhamnosyloxy) benzyl isothiocyanate] is an isothiocyanate extracted from Moringa oleifera seeds. It is an antioxidant known for several biological properties useful in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Several neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases are linked to dysfunctional mitochondria due to the resulting increase of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Stem cell-based therapeutic treatments in neurodegenerative diseases provide an alternative strategy aimed to replace the impaired tissue. In this study were investigated the deregulated genes involved in mitophagy in the human periodontal ligament stem cells pretreated with moringin. The RNA-seq study reveals the downregulation of PINK1, with a fold change (FC) of −0.56, such as the genes involved in the phagophore formation (MAP1LC3B FC: −0.73, GABARAP FC: −0.52, GABARAPL1 FC: −0.70, GABARAPL2 FC: −0.39). The moringin pretreatment downregulates the pro−apoptotic gene BAX (−0.66) and upregulates the anti-apoptotic genes BCL2L12 (FC: 1.35) and MCL1 (FC: 0.36). The downregulation of the most of the caspases (CASP1 FC: −1.43, CASP4 FC: −0.18, CASP6 FC: −1.34, CASP7 FC: −0.46, CASP8 FC: −0.65) implies the inactivation of the apoptotic process. Our results suggest that mitochondrial dysfunctions induced by oxidative stress can be inhibited by moringin pretreatment in human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Chiricosta
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Agnese Gugliandolo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Francesca Diomede
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Jacopo Pizzicannella
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Oriana Trubiani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Renato Iori
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente (CREA-AA), Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Tardiolo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Simone Guarnieri
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Center on Aging Science and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Placido Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
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Bertóti R, Böszörményi A, Alberti Á, Béni S, M-Hamvas M, Szőke É, Vasas G, Gonda S. Variability of Bioactive Glucosinolates, Isothiocyanates and Enzyme Patterns in Horseradish Hairy Root Cultures Initiated from Different Organs. Molecules 2019; 24:E2828. [PMID: 31382520 PMCID: PMC6696319 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Horseradish hairy root cultures are suitable plant tissue organs to study the glucosinolate-myrosinase-isothiocyanate system and also to produce the biologically active isothiocyanates and horseradish peroxidase, widely used in molecular biology. Fifty hairy root clones were isolated after Agrobacterium rhizogenes infection of surface sterilized Armoracia rusticana petioles and leaf blades, from which 21 were viable after antibiotic treatment. Biomass properties (e.g. dry weight %, daily growth index), glucosinolate content (analyzed by liquid chromatography-electronspray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS)), isothiocyanate and nitrile content (analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)), myrosinase (on-gel detection) and horseradish peroxidase enzyme patterns (on-gel detection and spectrophotometry), and morphological features were examined with multi-variable statistical analysis. In addition to the several positive and negative correlations, the most outstanding phenomenon was many parameters of the hairy root clones showed dependence on the organ of origin. Among others, the daily growth index, sinigrin, glucobrassicin, 3-phenylpropionitrile, indole-3-acetonitrile and horseradish peroxidase values showed significantly higher levels in horseradish hairy root cultures initiated from leaf blades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Bertóti
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Böszörményi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Alberti
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Béni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta M-Hamvas
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Szőke
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Vasas
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Gonda
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary.
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Petretto GL, Urgeghe PP, Massa D, Melito S. Effect of salinity (NaCl) on plant growth, nutrient content, and glucosinolate hydrolysis products trends in rocket genotypes. Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 141:30-39. [PMID: 31125809 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Salinity caused by NaCl is an abiotic stress inducing morphological and metabolic disorders. The impact of salinity (0, 65 and 130 mM NaCl) on morphological traits, elemental and volatiles composition of six rocket genotypes (G1-G6) was explored. A significant reduction of shoot biomass, plant height and leaf area as function of genotype and salinity level was observed. G5 was highly affected by NaCl: at 65 and 130 mM plants were 48.6% and 59.1% shortened compared with to control. The volatiles compositions was also analyzed. Glucosinolates increased under 65 mM, then decreased at 130 mM. In G1, glucosinolates start with 7.4 (control), raised to 21.50 (65 mM) and finally dropped to 4.34 (130 mM). This trend was observed also for erucin, the major rocket's isothiocyanate. Rockets could be irrigated with saline water improving the health promoting compounds production. The evaluation of different genotype seems to be of great interest for future breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Luigi Petretto
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, Sassari, Italy; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Pietro Paolo Urgeghe
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, Sassari, Italy
| | - Daniele Massa
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Pescia (PT), Italy
| | - Sara Melito
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, Sassari, Italy.
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50
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Desai P, Thakkar A, Ann D, Wang J, Prabhu S. Loratadine self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) in combination with sulforaphane for the synergistic chemoprevention of pancreatic cancer. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2019; 9:641-651. [PMID: 30706304 PMCID: PMC6827432 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-019-00619-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC), currently the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the USA, is projected to become the second leading cause, behind lung cancer, by 2020. The increasing incidence, low survival rate, and limited treatment opportunities necessitate the use of alternative approaches such as chemoprevention, to tackle PC. In this study, we report significant synergistic chemoprevention efficacy for the first time from a low-dose combination of a classical antihistaminic drug, Loratadine (LOR) and a neutraceutical compound, Sulforaphane (SFN) using a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) formulation. The formulation was developed using Quality by Design approach (globule size, 95.13 ± 7.9 nm; PDI, 0.17 ± 0.04) and revealed significant (p < 0.05) enhancement in the in vitro dissolution profile confirming the enhanced solubility of BCS class II drug LOR with SMEDDS formulation. The LOR-SFN combination revealed ~ 40-fold reduction in IC50 concentration compared to LOR alone in MIA PaCa-2 and Panc-1 cell lines respectively, confirming the synergistic enhancement in chemoprevention. Further, the nanoformulation resulted in ~ 7-fold and ~ 11-fold reduction in IC50 values compared to LOR-SFN combination. Hence, our studies successfully demonstrate that a unique low-dose combination of LOR encapsulated within SMEDDs with SFN shows significantly enhanced chemopreventive efficacy of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preshita Desai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Arvind Thakkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New England, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | - David Ann
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Jeffrey Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Sunil Prabhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA.
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