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Chen HH, Pang XH, Dai JL, Jiang JG. Functional Characterization of a CruP-Like Isomerase in Dunaliella. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:10005-10013. [PMID: 38626461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Dunaliella bardawil is a marine unicellular green algal that produces large amounts of β-carotene and is a model organism for studying the carotenoid synthesis pathway. However, there are still many mysteries about the enzymes of the D. bardawil lycopene synthesis pathway that have not been revealed. Here, we have identified a CruP-like lycopene isomerase, named DbLyISO, and successfully cloned its gene from D. bardawil. DbLyISO showed a high homology with CruPs. We constructed a 3D model of DbLyISO and performed molecular docking with lycopene, as well as molecular dynamics testing, to identify the functional characteristics of DbLyISO. Functional activity of DbLyISO was also performed by overexpressing gene in both E. coli and D. bardawil. Results revealed that DbLyISO acted at the C-5 and C-13 positions of lycopene, catalyzing its cis-trans isomerization to produce a more stable trans structure. These results provide new ideas for the development of a carotenoid series from engineered bacteria, algae, and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Hong Chen
- College of Food Science and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao-Hui Pang
- College of Food Science and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ju-Liang Dai
- College of Food Science and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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2
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Sun Y, Zhong M, Sun Y, Li Y, Qi B, Jiang L. Stability and digestibility of encapsulated lycopene in different emulsion systems stabilized by acid-modified soybean lipophilic protein. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:6146-6155. [PMID: 35478100 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to the harsh acidic environment of the stomach, acid-resistant emulsion products have wide-ranging applications in the food industry. Herein, natural soybean lipophilic protein (LP) was used to establish coarse emulsions, nanoemulsions, emulsion gels, and high internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPE) under acidic conditions. Furthermore, the carrying characteristics of the acid-resistant emulsion system with lycopene were explored. RESULTS Comparisons of particle sizes, potentials, microstructures, and rheology of the four carrier systems revealed that HIPPE has a single particle-size distribution, the largest zeta potential, and an elastic gel-like network structure. Comparison of encapsulation rates indicated that HIPPE had the best effect on encapsulating lycopene, reaching approximately 90%. The pH stability, storage stability, and simulated in vitro digestion experiments showed that the four emulsions that were stable under acidic conditions had good acid resistance. Among them, the acid-induced LP-stabilized HIPPE had the best storage stability and superior compatibility with the harsh acidic environment of the stomach, which not only achieved the purpose of delaying the release of lipids but also conferred better protection to lycopene in the gastric tract; moreover, it achieved the best bioavailability. CONCLUSION LP-stabilized HIPPE has the best stability and can yield better absorption and utilization of lycopene by the body. The results of this study are helpful for the development of acid-resistant functional emulsion foods that are conducive to the absorption of lycopene. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanda Sun
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingming Zhong
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yufan Sun
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Baokun Qi
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Lianzhou Jiang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Marzocco S, Singla RK, Capasso A. Multifaceted Effects of Lycopene: A Boulevard to the Multitarget-Based Treatment for Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175333. [PMID: 34500768 PMCID: PMC8434243 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lycopene is a pigment belonging to the group of carotenoids and it is among the most carefully studied antioxidants found especially in fruit and vegetables. As a carotenoid, lycopene exerts beneficial effects on human health by protecting lipids, proteins, and DNA from damage by oxidation. Lycopene is a powerful oxygen inactivator in the singlet state. This is suggestive of the fact that lycopene harbors comparatively stronger antioxidant properties over other carotenoids normally present in plasma. Lycopene is also reported to hinder cancer cell proliferation. The uncontrolled, rapid division of cells is a characteristic of the metabolism of cancer cells. Evidently, lycopene causes a delay in the progression of the cell cycle, which explains its antitumor activity. Furthermore, lycopene can block cell transformation by reducing the loss of contact inhibition of cancer cells. This paper collects recent studies of scientific evidence that show the multiple beneficial properties of lycopene, which acts with different molecular and cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Marzocco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-089-96-92-50
| | - Rajeev K. Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi 110059, India
| | - Anna Capasso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
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Puah BP, Jalil J, Attiq A, Kamisah Y. New Insights into Molecular Mechanism behind Anti-Cancer Activities of Lycopene. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133888. [PMID: 34202203 PMCID: PMC8270321 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycopene is a well-known compound found commonly in tomatoes which brings wide range of health benefits against cardiovascular diseases and cancers. From an anti-cancer perspective, lycopene is often associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer and people often look for it as a dietary supplement which may help to prevent cancer. Previous scientific evidence exhibited that the anti-cancer activity of lycopene relies on its ability to suppress oncogene expressions and induce proapoptotic pathways. To further explore the real potential of lycopene in cancer prevention, this review discusses the new insights and perspectives on the anti-cancer activities of lycopene which could help to drive new direction for research. The relationship between inflammation and cancer is being highlighted, whereby lycopene suppresses cancer via resolution of inflammation are also discussed herein. The immune system was found to be a part of the anti-cancer system of lycopene as it modulates immune cells to suppress tumor growth and progression. Lycopene, which is under the family of carotenoids, was found to play special role in suppressing lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon-Peng Puah
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Juriyati Jalil
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-9289-7533
| | - Ali Attiq
- Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia;
| | - Yusof Kamisah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
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5
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Dhakane-Lad J, Kar A. Supercritical CO 2 extraction of lycopene from pink grapefruit (Citrus paradise Macfad) and its degradation studies during storage. Food Chem 2021; 361:130113. [PMID: 34062453 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Lycopene was extracted from pink grapefruit using SC-CO2 and rice bran oil as co-solvent. Response surface methodology was employed to evaluate the individual and interactive effects of three process parameters varied at five levels i.e. pressure (250, 300, 375, 450 & 500 bar), temperature (55, 60, 70, 80 & 85 °C), and extraction time (60, 90, 135, 180 & 210 min). Single optimum point for multiple response variables was achieved at 325 bar, 64 °C, and 143 min with overall desirability of 0.92 at which 70.52 ± 3.65% (lycopene extraction efficiency) and 11154 ± 148 ppm (γ-oryzanol) were predicted. Extraction temperatures of more than 80 °C and time beyond 180 min led to the isomerization of lycopene. Lycopene storage at 3 °C, 10 °C, & 25 °C showed average k and half-life values as 0.018, 0.030, & 0.075 and 40, 23, & 9 days, respectively for first-order degradation kinetics; depicting faster degradation at higher storage temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Dhakane-Lad
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Abhijit Kar
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
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Abstract
Molecular triplet excitons produced through singlet fission (SF) usually have shorter triplet lifetimes due to exciton-exciton recombination and relaxation pathways, thereby resulting in complex device architectures for SF-boosted solar cells. Using broadband transient absorption spectroscopy, we here show that the photoexcitation of nanostructured lycopene H-aggregates at room temperature produces free triplets with an unprecedented 35-fold enhancement in the lifetime compared to those localized on the monomer backbone. The observed rise of a spectrally blue-shifted correlated T-T pair state in ∼19 ps with distinct vibronic features provides the basis for SF-induced triplet generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup Kundu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Jyotishman Dasgupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
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Manivannan A, Lee ES, Han K, Lee HE, Kim DS. Versatile Nutraceutical Potentials of Watermelon-A Modest Fruit Loaded with Pharmaceutically Valuable Phytochemicals. Molecules 2020; 25:E5258. [PMID: 33187365 PMCID: PMC7698065 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Watermelon (Citrulus lantus) is an important horticultural crop which belongs to the Curcubitaceae family. The nutraceutical potential of watermelon has been illustrated by several researchers, which makes it a better choice of functional food. Watermelon has been used to treat various ailments, such as cardio-vascular diseases, aging related ailments, obesity, diabetes, ulcers, and various types of cancers. The medicinal properties of watermelon are attributed by the presence of important phytochemicals with pharmaceutical values such as lycopene, citrulline, and other polyphenolic compounds. Watermelon acts as vital source of l-citrulline, a neutral-alpha amino acid which is the precursor of l-arginine, an essential amino acid necessary for protein synthesis. Supplementation of l-citrulline and lycopene displayed numerous health benefits in in vitro and in vivo studies. Similarly, the dietary intake of watermelon has proven benefits as functional food in humans for weight management. Apart from the fruits, the extracts prepared from the seeds, sprouts, and leaves also evidenced medicinal properties. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of benefits of watermelon for the treatment of various ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Do-Sun Kim
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 55365, Korea; (A.M.); (E.-S.L.); (K.H.); (H.-E.L.)
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8
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Abstract
Lycopene β-cyclase is one of the key enzymes in the biosynthesis of carotenoids, which catalyzes the β-cyclization of both ends of lycopene to produce β-carotene. Lycopene β-cyclases are found in a wide range of sources, mainly plants and microorganisms. Lycopene β-cyclases have been extensively studied for their important catalytic activity, including for use in genetic engineering to modify plants and microorganisms, as a blocking target for lycopene industrial production strains, and for their genetic and physiological effects related to microorganic and plant biological traits. This review of lycopene β-cyclases summarizes the major studies on their basic classification, functional activity, metabolic engineering, and plant science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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9
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Honda M, Ichihashi K, Takada W, Goto M. Production of ( Z)-Lycopene-Rich Tomato Concentrate: A Natural Catalyst-Utilized and Oil-Based Study for Practical Applications. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:11273-11281. [PMID: 32929966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since lycopene Z-isomers exhibit greater bioavailability and biological activity than the naturally occurring all-E-isomer, efficient manufacturing methods for (Z)-lycopene-rich materials are urgently needed. Herein, a method was developed for Z-isomerization of (all-E)-lycopene in tomato oleoresin using heat treatment and a natural catalyst, viz. allyl isothiocyanate (AITC). For practical application of this isomerization technology, no organic solvents were used, and instead, oils and fats were used as the reaction medium. The Z-isomerization of (all-E)-lycopene was promoted by heating (>120 °C) even when oil and fat media were used. Allyl isothiocyanate enhanced thermal Z-isomerization and improved the (5Z)-lycopene content, which shows higher biological activity compared to the other Z-isomers. The thermal isomerization efficiency with AITC was further improved by using certain vegetable oils such as argan and olive oils. In addition, the storage stability of (Z)-lycopene-rich tomato concentrates dispersed in olive oil was evaluated. The total Z-isomer ratio and lycopene concentration decreased with longer storage periods, and it was revealed that (5Z)-lycopene showed excellent storage stability among the mono-Z-isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Honda
- Faculty of Science & Technology, Meijo University, Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Kohei Ichihashi
- Innovation Division, Kagome Company, Limited, Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Japan
| | - Wataru Takada
- Innovation Division, Kagome Company, Limited, Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Japan
| | - Motonobu Goto
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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10
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Nagarajan J, Pui Kay H, Krishnamurthy NP, Ramakrishnan NR, Aldawoud TMS, Galanakis CM, Wei OC. Extraction of Carotenoids from Tomato Pomace via Water-Induced Hydrocolloidal Complexation. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1019. [PMID: 32660080 PMCID: PMC7407187 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Agro-industrial waste is a largely untapped natural resource of bioactive compounds including carotenoids and pectin. However, conventional solvent extraction involves the excessive use of organic solvents, costly equipment, and tedious operation. These limitations of conventional extraction methods could be prospectively overcome by the carotenoid-pectin hydrocolloidal complexation. The complexation of lycopene and pectin was efficiently promoted in an aqueous environment, resulting in the colloidal complexes that can be subsequently recovered by sedimentation or centrifugation. In this study, the potential of carotenoid-pectin complexation on tomato pomace containing carotenoids and pectin was evaluated. Tomato pomace is a rich source of lycopene, β-carotene as well as pectin, making it suitable as the raw material for the carotenoid extraction. The extraction of carotenoid and pectin from tomato pomace was optimized using response surface methodology. The maximum recovery was 9.43 mg carotenoid fractions/100 g tomato pomace, while the purity of carotenoid-rich fractions was 92%. The antioxidant capacity of carotenoids extracted from the complexation method was found to be higher than that from the solvent extraction method. Moreover, extraction yield and antioxidant capacity of carotenoid obtained from the carotenoid-pectin complexation were comparable to that from solvent extraction. The carotenoid-pectin complexation is a promising green approach to valorize agro by-products for the extraction of valuable carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayesree Nagarajan
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; (J.N.); (H.P.K.); (N.R.R.)
| | - Hang Pui Kay
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; (J.N.); (H.P.K.); (N.R.R.)
| | | | - Nagasundara Ramanan Ramakrishnan
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; (J.N.); (H.P.K.); (N.R.R.)
| | | | - Charis M. Galanakis
- College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Research & Innovation Department, Galanakis Laboratories, 73131 Chania, Greece
- Food Waste Recovery Group, ISEKI Food Association, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ooi Chien Wei
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; (J.N.); (H.P.K.); (N.R.R.)
- Monash-Industry Palm Oil Education and Research Platform (MIPO), Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
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11
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Zuorro A. Enhanced Lycopene Extraction from Tomato Peels by Optimized Mixed-Polarity Solvent Mixtures. Molecules 2020; 25:E2038. [PMID: 32349412 PMCID: PMC7248986 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence from clinical and epidemiological studies suggests that lycopene, the most abundant carotenoid in tomatoes, may be beneficial in the prevention or treatment of some important diseases. Ripe tomato peels are the richest source of lycopene, but the use of conventional solvent extraction methods without pretreatment of the plant material results in very poor recovery. The reason lies in the localization of lycopene in the plant tissue and the low permeability of the latter to solvent molecules. In this paper, a mixture design procedure was used to formulate solvent mixtures allowing the recovery of lycopene from non-pretreated tomato peels. Two ternary systems were investigated: (a) n-hexane-ethanol-acetone and (b) ethyl lactate-ethanol-acetone. Optimization of the ternary mixture composition led to a recovery of over 90% of the lycopene present in the peels. The high extraction efficiency was explained in terms of lycopene affinity combined with the ability to swell the plant material. A tomato oleoresin with high antioxidant activity and a lycopene content of about 13% (w/w) was also produced. Overall, the results indicate that highly effective solvents for direct recovery of lycopene from tomato peels can be easily prepared by a mixture design approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Zuorro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Environment, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
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12
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Solomando JC, Antequera T, González-Mohíno A, Perez-Palacios T. Fish oil/lycopene microcapsules as a source of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids: a case study on spreads. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:1875-1886. [PMID: 31821560 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of omega-3 fatty acids has many beneficial effects for human health, but the intake of foods rich in these fatty acids is not enough to achieve the recommended quantity per person and per day, and their direct addition in foods cause oxidation and unacceptable rancidity and off-flavor. Taking account of all these aspects, this study was aimed to develop stable microcapsules of fish oil (omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) and lycopene (antioxidant) and to investigate their effect on different spreads. RESULTS The inclusion of different proportions of lycopene in fish oil did not show great benefits in the quality characteristics of emulsions and microcapsules. After the addition of fish oil and fish oil + lycopene microcapsules to dry-cured ham and cheese spreads, no significant differences were found in the proximal composition and oxidative stability, whereas fatty acids composition and sensory analysis were influenced. The eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids content increased with the fish oil content in both products, but it decreased significantly after storage in the cheese spreads. Addition of microcapsules did not significantly influence on quantitative-descriptive and acceptability sensory analyses in dry-cured spreads, but it negatively affected the flavor of cheese spreading creams. CONCLUSION There is no need to add antioxidants to improve the stability of the fish oil microcapsules in the present study, which are appropriate as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid vehicles to enrich meat-derived spreading creams. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Solomando
- Research Institute of Meat and Meat Products, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Teresa Antequera
- Research Institute of Meat and Meat Products, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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13
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Honda M, Kageyama H, Hibino T, Ichihashi K, Takada W, Goto M. Isomerization of Commercially Important Carotenoids (Lycopene, β-Carotene, and Astaxanthin) by Natural Catalysts: Isothiocyanates and Polysulfides. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:3228-3237. [PMID: 32074447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Effects of natural catalysts, isothiocyanates and polysulfides, on Z-isomerization and decomposition of (all-E)-carotenoids (lycopene, β-carotene, and astaxanthin) after heat treatment were investigated. When isothiocyanates were added to (all-E)-carotenoid solutions and heated, Z-isomerization and decomposition of carotenoids were enhanced and the degree differed depending on the isothiocyanate type. Interestingly, when polysulfides were applied in the same manner, in addition to promoting the Z-isomerization reaction, they markedly improved the thermal stability of carotenoids. Successively, we investigated the reaction characteristics of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and diallyl disulfide (DADS) using (all-E)-lycopene; that is, effects of the amount added, solvent used, and reaction temperature and time, as well as the combination use on Z-isomerization and decomposition of lycopene, were investigated. With increases in the amount added and reaction temperature and time, Z-isomerization of lycopene was promoted for both catalysts. The high-temperature treatment tests clearly showed that AITC induced thermal decomposition of lycopene, whereas DADS improved the lycopene stability. Moreover, the simultaneous use of AITC and DADS resulted in a synergetic effect on the Z-isomerization efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Honda
- Faculty of Science & Technology, Meijo University, Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Hakuto Kageyama
- Faculty of Science & Technology, Meijo University, Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Takashi Hibino
- Faculty of Science & Technology, Meijo University, Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Kohei Ichihashi
- Innovation Division, Kagome Company, Ltd., Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Japan
| | - Wataru Takada
- Innovation Division, Kagome Company, Ltd., Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Japan
| | - Motonobu Goto
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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14
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Heymann T, Schmitz LM, Lange J, Glomb MA. Influence of β-Carotene and Lycopene on Oxidation of Ethyl Linoleate in One- and Disperse-Phased Model Systems. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:2747-2756. [PMID: 32028770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The induction period (IP) of ethyl linoleate stressed at 60 °C was monitored via the formation of hydroperoxides. The addition of lycopene (1% w/w) increased the IP from 7.0 to 10.0 h to prove the strong antioxidative potential in contrast to β-carotene with pro-oxidative effects (IP: 6.0 h), both showing strong scavenging activity under fast degradation. When peroxidation was induced by singlet oxygen, both carotenoids effectively inhibited the formation of hydroperoxides, with quenching activity only observed at low singlet oxygen concentrations, while scavenging still dominated. Thus, carotenoids did not interact with the introduced singlet oxygen but rather with the radical intermediates of fat oxidation. These experiments were then transferred to lecithin-based micelles more related to biological systems, where singlet oxygen was generated in the outer aqueous phase. Lycopene and β-carotene delayed or inhibited lipid peroxidation depending on concentration. In this setup, β-carotene showed exclusively quenching activity, while lycopene was additionally degraded to about 70%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Heymann
- Institute of Chemistry-Food Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Lea M Schmitz
- Institute of Chemistry-Food Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Josefine Lange
- Institute of Chemistry-Food Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Marcus A Glomb
- Institute of Chemistry-Food Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
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15
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Elgawish RA, El-Beltagy MA, El-Sayed RM, Gaber AA, Abdelrazek HMA. Protective role of lycopene against metabolic disorders induced by chronic bisphenol A exposure in rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:9192-9201. [PMID: 31916151 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to elucidate the ameliorative potential of lycopene (LYC) against the metabolic toxicity induced by bisphenol A (BPA) in rats. Male rats (n = 28) were divided into 4 equal groups: control group, LYC group was given lycopene (10 mg/kg BW), BPA group was given 10 mg/kg BW of BPA, and the last group was administered BPA and LYC at 10 mg/kg via gavage for 90 consecutive days. Body weight (BW) gain, lipid profile, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assessed. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), thyroid hormones, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), leptin, and resistin were assayed. Moreover, immunohistochemistry of TNF-α was performed in adipose tissue. BPA-treated rats showed significant reduction in BW gain and deteriorations in lipid profile, TAC, OGTT, and thyroid hormones as well as significant increases in HOMA-IR, IL-1β, leptin, and resistin. While, improvement of metabolic parameters was observed when LYC was administrated with BPA. Intense TNF-α immunostaining was detected in the fat of BPA-treated rats but the intensity decreased when LYC was administrated with BPA. In conclusion, LYC ameliorated the adverse effects of BPA on metabolism through its antioxidant potential and its reduction of TNF-α expression in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Abdelrahman Elgawish
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Marwa A El-Beltagy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Rehab M El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, El-, Arish, Egypt
| | - Aya A Gaber
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Heba M A Abdelrazek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
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16
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Deng YY, Cheng L, Wang Q, Ge ZH, Zheng H, Cao TJ, Lu QQ, Yang LE, Lu S. Functional Characterization of Lycopene Cyclases Illustrates the Metabolic Pathway toward Lutein in Red Algal Seaweeds. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:1354-1363. [PMID: 31933364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are essential phytonutrients synthesized by all photosynthetic organisms. Acyclic lycopene is the first branching point for carotenoid biosynthesis. Lycopene β- and ε-cyclases (LCYB and LCYE, respectively) catalyze the cyclization of its open ends and direct the metabolic flux into different downstream branches. Carotenoids of the β,β-branch (e.g., β-carotene) are found in all photosynthetic organisms, but those of the β,ε-branch (e.g., lutein) are generally absent in cyanobacteria, heterokonts, and some red algae. Although both LCYBs and LCYEs have been characterized from land plants, there are only a few reports on LCYs from cyanobacteria and algae. Here, we cloned four LCY genes from Porphyra umbilicalis and Pyropia yezoensis (susabi-nori) of Bangiales, the most primitive red algal order that synthesizes lutein. Our functional characterization in both Escherichia coli and Arabidopsis thaliana demonstrated that each species has a pair of LCYB and LCYE. Similar to LCYs from higher plants, red algal LCYBs cyclize both ends of lycopene, and their LCYEs only cyclize a single end. The characterization of LCYEs from red algae resolved the first bifurcation step toward β-carotene and lutein biosynthesis. Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that LCYEs of the green lineage and the red algae originated separately during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Yin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute , Nantong 226007 , China
| | - Lu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Zi-Han Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Hui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Tian-Jun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Qin-Qin Lu
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute , Nantong 226007 , China
| | - Li-En Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute , Nantong 226007 , China
| | - Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
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17
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Saini RK, A Bekhit AED, Roohinejad S, Rengasamy KRR, Keum YS. Chemical Stability of Lycopene in Processed Products: A Review of the Effects of Processing Methods and Modern Preservation Strategies. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:712-726. [PMID: 31891495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lycopene, one of the most dominant carotenoids in a person's diet, is a well-known natural compound that has protective effects against chronic diseases. Industrial and domestic processing and storage conditions significantly influence retention and isomerization of lycopene; thus, in recent years, great attention has been given for their preservative effects of lycopene. This review highlights recent strategies that have been developed to preserve lycopene in processed products, especially in tomato pulp, puree, paste, and juice. The key factors influencing lycopene degradation and isomerization, such as ingredients and intensity of thermal treatments, are also discussed. Special attention was paid to the crystalline structures of lycopene which facilitate its resistance to degradation and isomerization. Emerging non-thermal processing methods, such as ultrasound and high-pressure processing (HPP), are critically evaluated for their preservation of thermo-labile compounds. Novel trends to improve lycopene stability by micro- and nanoencapsulation and addition of antioxidants are also included to examine their efficacy to protect against light, heat, oxygen, and other oxidative processes. Finally, recommended processing and storage conditions are discussed to provide strategies to retain the highest possible amount of bioactive lycopene until consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701 , Republic of Korea
- Institute of Natural Science and Agriculture , Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Crop Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701 , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Shahin Roohinejad
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Division of Food and Nutrition , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701 , Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Keum
- Department of Crop Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701 , Republic of Korea
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18
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Gurunathan S, Jeyaraj M, La H, Yoo H, Choi Y, Do JT, Park C, Kim JH, Hong K. Anisotropic Platinum Nanoparticle-Induced Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis, Inflammatory Response, and Transcriptomic and Molecular Pathways in Human Acute Monocytic Leukemia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020440. [PMID: 31936679 PMCID: PMC7014054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermoplasmonic properties of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) render them desirable for use in diagnosis, detection, therapy, and surgery. However, their toxicological effects and impact at the molecular level remain obscure. Nanotoxicology is mainly focused on the interactions of nanostructures with biological systems, particularly with an emphasis on elucidating the relationship between the physical and chemical properties such as size and shape. Therefore, we hypothesized whether these unique anisotropic nanoparticles could induce cytotoxicity similar to that of spherical nanoparticles and the mechanism involved. Thus, we synthesized unique and distinct anisotropic PtNPs using lycopene as a biological template and investigated their biological activities in model human acute monocytic leukemia (THP-1) macrophages. Exposure to PtNPs for 24 h dose-dependently decreased cell viability and proliferation. Levels of the cytotoxic markers lactate dehydrogenase and intracellular protease significantly and dose-dependently increased with PtNP concentration. Furthermore, cells incubated with PtNPs dose-dependently produced oxidative stress markers including reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and carbonylated protein. An imbalance in pro-oxidants and antioxidants was confirmed by significant decreases in reduced glutathione, thioredoxin, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels against oxidative stress. The cell death mechanism was confirmed by mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased ATP levels, mitochondrial copy numbers, and PGC-1α expression. To further substantiate the mechanism of cell death mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), we determined the expression of the inositol-requiring enzyme (IRE1), (PKR-like ER kinase) PERK, activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and activating transcription factor 4 ATF4, the apoptotic markers p53, Bax, and caspase 3, and the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2. PtNPs could activate ERS and apoptosis mediated by mitochondria. A proinflammatory response to PtNPs was confirmed by significant upregulation of interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β), interferon γ (IFNγ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and interleukin (IL-6). Transcriptomic and molecular pathway analyses of THP-1 cells incubated with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of PtNPs revealed the altered expression of genes involved in protein misfolding, mitochondrial function, protein synthesis, inflammatory responses, and transcription regulation. We applied transcriptomic analyses to investigate anisotropic PtNP-induced toxicity for further mechanistic studies. Isotropic nanoparticles are specifically used to inhibit non-specific cellular uptake, leading to enhanced in vivo bio-distribution and increased targeting capabilities due to the higher radius of curvature. These characteristics of anisotropic nanoparticles could enable the technology as an attractive platform for nanomedicine in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kwonho Hong
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-450-0560; Fax: +82-2-444-3490
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Czarnik-Kwaśniak J, Kwaśniak K, Kwasek P, Świerzowska E, Strojewska A, Tabarkiewicz J. The Influence of Lycopene, [6]-Gingerol, and Silymarin on the Apoptosis on U-118MG Glioblastoma Cells In Vitro Model. Nutrients 2019; 12:E96. [PMID: 31905849 PMCID: PMC7019537 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lycopene, gingerol, and silymarin have a potential anticancer activity in many types of neoplasms. Healthy lifestyle and proper diet are associated with a reduced risk of cancer and other diseases. Increasingly, clinical research focuses on the mechanisms of action of natural compounds and their impact on the development of cancer. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of lycopene, gingerol, and silymarin on apoptosis, mitochondrial potential and caspase-3/7 activity in the U118-MG cell line. METHODS Human glioblastoma cells were incubated with lycopene, [6]-gingerol, and silymarin for 24 and 48 h. Apoptosis was monitored using the Annexin V labelling, caspase-3/7 activity, and early hallmark of apoptosis were determined with mitochondrial membrane potential changes. RESULTS Our data showed a significant decrease in the viability glioblastoma cells U118-MG after 48 h treatment with lycopene, [6]-gingerol, and silymarin. CONCLUSIONS Our data could confirm the stimulative effects of used compounds on apoptosis and changes in mitochondrial potential in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Czarnik-Kwaśniak
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical Faculty of University of Rzeszow, 1a Warzywna St., 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland;
- Department of Human Immunology, Medical Faculty of University of Rzeszow, 1a Warzywna St., 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland; (K.K.); (P.K.); (E.Ś.); (A.S.)
| | - Konrad Kwaśniak
- Department of Human Immunology, Medical Faculty of University of Rzeszow, 1a Warzywna St., 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland; (K.K.); (P.K.); (E.Ś.); (A.S.)
| | - Paulina Kwasek
- Department of Human Immunology, Medical Faculty of University of Rzeszow, 1a Warzywna St., 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland; (K.K.); (P.K.); (E.Ś.); (A.S.)
| | - Elżbieta Świerzowska
- Department of Human Immunology, Medical Faculty of University of Rzeszow, 1a Warzywna St., 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland; (K.K.); (P.K.); (E.Ś.); (A.S.)
| | - Agata Strojewska
- Department of Human Immunology, Medical Faculty of University of Rzeszow, 1a Warzywna St., 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland; (K.K.); (P.K.); (E.Ś.); (A.S.)
| | - Jacek Tabarkiewicz
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical Faculty of University of Rzeszow, 1a Warzywna St., 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland;
- Department of Human Immunology, Medical Faculty of University of Rzeszow, 1a Warzywna St., 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland; (K.K.); (P.K.); (E.Ś.); (A.S.)
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Wang Q, Cao TJ, Zheng H, Zhou CF, Wang Z, Wang R, Lu S. Manipulation of Carotenoid Metabolic Flux by Lycopene Cyclization in Ripening Red Pepper ( Capsicum annuum var. conoides) Fruits. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:4300-4310. [PMID: 30908022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are essential phytonutrients for the human body. Higher plants usually synthesize and accumulate carotenoids in their leaves, flowers, and fruits. Most carotenoids have either two β-rings on both ends or β- and ε-rings separately on two ends of their molecules and are synthesized from the acyclic lycopene as the precursor. Lycopene β- and ε-cyclases (LCYB and LCYE, respectively) catalyze the β- and ε-cyclization of lycopene, respectively, and regulate the metabolic flux from lycopene to its downstream β,β-branches (by LCYB alone) and β,ε-branches (by LCYE and LCYB). In this study, we identified and characterized genes for two LCYBs (CaLCYB1 and CaLCYB2), one LCYE (CaLCYE1), and a capsanthin/capsorubin synthase (CaCCS1) which is also able to β-cyclize lycopene from the red pepper ( Capsicum annuum var. conoides) genome. By quantifying transcript abundances of these genes and contents of different carotenoid components in ripening fruits, we observed a correlation between the induction of both CaLCYBs and the accumulation of carotenoids of the β,β-branch during ripening. Although capsanthin was accumulated in ripened fruits, our quantification demonstrated a strong induction of CaCCS1 at the breaker stage, together with the simultaneous repression of CaLCYE1 and the decrease of lutein content, suggesting the involvement of CaCCS1 in competing against CaLCYE1 for synthesizing carotenoids of the β,β-branch. Our results provide important information for future metabolic engineering studies to manipulate carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation in fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Tian-Jun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Hui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Chang-Fang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Ran Wang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
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21
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Sikorska-Zimny K, Badełek E, Grzegorzewska M, Ciecierska A, Kowalski A, Kosson R, Tuccio L, Mencaglia AA, Ciaccheri L, Mignani AG, Kaniszewski S, Agati G. Comparison of lycopene changes between open-field processing and fresh market tomatoes during ripening and post-harvest storage by using a non-destructive reflectance sensor. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:2763-2774. [PMID: 30430568 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulation and stability of tomato lycopene markedly depends on the cultivar, plant growing and storage conditions. To estimate lycopene in open-field cultivated processing and fresh market tomatoes, we used a calibrated spectral reflectance portable sensor. RESULTS Lycopene accumulation in fruits attached to the plant, starting from the Green ripening stage, followed a sigmoidal function. It was faster and reached higher levels in processing (cv. Calista) than fresh market (cv. Volna) tomatoes (90 and 62 mg kg-1 fresh weight, respectively). During storage at 12, 20 and 25 °C, Red tomatoes retained about 90% of harvest lycopene for three weeks. Pink tomatoes increased lycopene during the first week of storage, but never reached the lycopene values of Red tomatoes ripened on the vine. Storability at 12 °C retaining the highest quality in red tomatoes was limited to 14 and 7 days for Calista and Volna cultivars, respectively. CONCLUSION Significant differences in lycopene accumulation and stability between processing and fresh market tomatoes were established by examining with time the very same fruits by a non-destructive optical tool. It can be useful in agronomical and post-harvest physiological studies and can be of interest for producers oriented to the niche nutraceutical market. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Badełek
- Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland
| | | | | | - Artur Kowalski
- Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland
| | - Ryszard Kosson
- Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland
| | - Lorenza Tuccio
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' - CNR, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Andrea A Mencaglia
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' - CNR, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Leonardo Ciaccheri
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' - CNR, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanni Agati
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' - CNR, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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22
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Athanasakoglou A, Grypioti E, Michailidou S, Ignea C, Makris AM, Kalantidis K, Massé G, Argiriou A, Verret F, Kampranis SC. Isoprenoid biosynthesis in the diatom Haslea ostrearia. New Phytol 2019; 222:230-243. [PMID: 30394540 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are eukaryotic, unicellular algae that are responsible for c. 20% of the Earth's primary production. Their dominance and success in contemporary oceans have prompted investigations on their distinctive metabolism and physiology. One metabolic pathway that remains largely unexplored in diatoms is isoprenoid biosynthesis, which is responsible for the production of numerous molecules with unique features. We selected the diatom species Haslea ostrearia because of its characteristic isoprenoid content and carried out a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis and functional characterization of the genes identified. We functionally characterized one farnesyl diphosphate synthase, two geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases, one short-chain polyprenyl synthase, one bifunctional isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase - squalene synthase, and one phytoene synthase. We inferred the phylogenetic origin of these genes and used a combination of functional analysis and subcellular localization predictions to propose their physiological roles. Our results provide insight into isoprenoid biosynthesis in H. ostrearia and propose a model of the central steps of the pathway. This model will facilitate the study of metabolic pathways of important isoprenoids in diatoms, including carotenoids, sterols and highly branched isoprenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Athanasakoglou
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Emilia Grypioti
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, PO Box 2208, Heraklion, 71003, Greece
| | - Sofia Michailidou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences - Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (INAB-CERTH), 6th km. Charilaou - Thermi Road, PO Box 60361, Thermi, Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece
| | - Codruta Ignea
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Antonios M Makris
- Institute of Applied Biosciences - Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (INAB-CERTH), 6th km. Charilaou - Thermi Road, PO Box 60361, Thermi, Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece
| | - Kriton Kalantidis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, PO Box 2208, Heraklion, 71003, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas (IMBB-FORTH), Nikolaou Plastira 100, Heraklion, Crete, GR-70013, Greece
| | - Guillaume Massé
- UMI 3376 TAKUVIK, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
- Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Anagnostis Argiriou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences - Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (INAB-CERTH), 6th km. Charilaou - Thermi Road, PO Box 60361, Thermi, Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece
| | - Frederic Verret
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, PO Box 2208, Heraklion, 71003, Greece
| | - Sotirios C Kampranis
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
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23
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Salehi B, Lopez-Jornet P, Pons-Fuster López E, Calina D, Sharifi-Rad M, Ramírez-Alarcón K, Forman K, Fernández M, Martorell M, Setzer WN, Martins N, Rodrigues CF, Sharifi-Rad J. Plant-Derived Bioactives in Oral Mucosal Lesions: A Key Emphasis to Curcumin, Lycopene, Chamomile, Aloe vera, Green Tea and Coffee Properties. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9030106. [PMID: 30884918 PMCID: PMC6468600 DOI: 10.3390/biom9030106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral mucosal lesions have many etiologies, including viral or bacterial infections, local trauma or irritation, systemic disorders, and even excessive alcohol and tobacco consumption. Folk knowledge on medicinal plants and phytochemicals in the treatment of oral mucosal lesions has gained special attention among the scientific community. Thus, this review aims to provide a brief overview on the traditional knowledge of plants in the treatment of oral mucosal lesions. This review was carried out consulting reports between 2008 and 2018 of PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Database, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The chosen keywords were plant, phytochemical, oral mucosa, leukoplakia, oral lichen planus and oral health. A special emphasis was given to certain plants (e.g., chamomile, Aloe vera, green tea, and coffea) and plant-derived bioactives (e.g., curcumin, lycopene) with anti-oral mucosal lesion activity. Finally, preclinical (in vitro and in vivo) and clinical studies examining both the safety and efficacy of medicinal plants and their derived phytochemicals were also carefully addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 44340847, Iran.
| | - Pia Lopez-Jornet
- Instituto Murciano de InvestigaciónBiosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), Clínica Odontológica Universitaria Hospital Morales Meseguer Adv. Marques de los velez s/n, 30008 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Pons-Fuster López
- University of Murciaand, Clínica Odontológica Universitaria Hospital Morales Meseguer, Adv. Marques de los velez s/n, 30008 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 61663-335, Iran.
| | - Karina Ramírez-Alarcón
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile.
| | - Katherine Forman
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile.
| | - Marcos Fernández
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile.
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile.
| | - William N Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Célia F Rodrigues
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 35198-99951, Iran.
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24
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Brito AKDS, Lima GDM, Farias LMD, Rodrigues LARL, Carvalho VBLD, Pereira CFDC, Frota KDMG, Conde-Júnior AM, Silva AMO, Rizzo MDS, Fonseca CMB, Moura RCD, Santos RCD, Leite JRDSDA, Santos MAPD, Nunes PHM, Arcanjo DDR, Martins MDCDCE. Lycopene-Rich Extract from Red Guava ( Psidium guajava L.) Decreases Plasma Triglycerides and Improves Oxidative Stress Biomarkers on Experimentally-Induced Dyslipidemia in Hamsters. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020393. [PMID: 30781884 PMCID: PMC6412966 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This work assessed the effects of a 28-day treatment with lycopene-rich extract (LRE) from red guava fruit (Psidium guajava L.) on the lipid profile and oxidative stress in an experimental model of dyslipidemia. Male hamsters (116.5 ± 2.16 g) were fed with the AIN 93G diet containing casein (20%), coconut fat (13.5%) and cholesterol (0.1%). The animals were divided into four groups: normolipidemic control (standard feed; NC, n = 7); hypercholesterolemic control (HC, n = 7); LRE 25 mg/kg/day (LRE-25, n = 7) and LRE 50 mg/kg/day (LRE-50, n = 9). After treatment, plasma concentrations of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-c), malondialdehyde (MDA-p) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), as well as erythrocytic superoxide dismutase (SOD-e) and the atherogenic index, were determined. Malondialdehyde (MDA-h), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD-h) levels were assessed. Feed intake (FI) and weight gain (WG) were also determined. The LRE-25 group presented significantly lower TG levels and atherogenic index than did the HC group (p < 0.05). Both LRE-25 and LRE-50 groups presented lower levels of MDA-p and MPO than did the HC group (p < 0.05). LRE demonstrated a promising effect against dyslipidemia and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geovanni de Morais Lima
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI 64.049-550, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Melo de Farias
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, SG-13, Ininga. Teresina, PI 64.049-550, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana Mara Oliveira Silva
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Rayane Carvalho de Moura
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, SG-13, Ininga. Teresina, PI 64.049-550, Brazil.
| | - Raimunda Cardoso Dos Santos
- Biodiversity and Biotechnology Research Center, Federal University of Piaui, Parnaiba, PI 64202-020, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Paulo Humberto Moreira Nunes
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI 64.049-550, Brazil.
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piaui, 64049-550. Teresina, PI 64.049-550, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Dias Rufino Arcanjo
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI 64.049-550, Brazil.
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piaui, 64049-550. Teresina, PI 64.049-550, Brazil.
| | - Maria do Carmo de Carvalho E Martins
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI 64.049-550, Brazil.
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piaui, 64049-550. Teresina, PI 64.049-550, Brazil.
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25
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Fernández-Bedmar Z, Anter J, Alonso Moraga Á. Anti/genotoxic, longevity inductive, cytotoxic, and clastogenic-related bioactivities of tomato and lycopene. Environ Mol Mutagen 2018; 59:427-437. [PMID: 29569272 DOI: 10.1002/em.22185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate some biological activities of tomato as well as lycopene and to consider a new nutraceutic value for this fruit regarding to the protection against genetic damage and as a chemopreventive agent. Genotoxicity, DNA-protection against hydrogen peroxide, and lifespan properties of tomato and lycopene were assessed through wing spot test and longevity assay using the Drosophila in vivo model. Additionally, chemopreventive activity was investigated through cytotoxicity, DNA-fragmentation comet and annexin V FITC/PI assays using HL60 in vitro model. Results showed that: (i) tomato and lycopene are not genotoxic and protect against H2 O2 -induced damage; (ii) with respect to the lifespan, tomato and lycopene are harmless at the lowest concentration; (iii) tomato is cytotoxic in a dose-dependent manner, but not lycopene; (iv) tomato and lycopene do not induce internucleosomal DNA-fragmentation although they induce significant clastogenic activity at low level in the leukemia cells. To sum up, tomato is a good candidate to be considered as a nutraceutical substance. Furthermore, synergistic action among other components within tomato matrix could be the cause of the health effects observed in this vegetable, which are not fully explained by lycopene. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:427-437, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahira Fernández-Bedmar
- Department of Genetics, Campus Rabanales, Gregor Mendel Building, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, 14071, Spain
| | - Jaouad Anter
- Department of Genetics, Campus Rabanales, Gregor Mendel Building, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, 14071, Spain
| | - Ángeles Alonso Moraga
- Department of Genetics, Campus Rabanales, Gregor Mendel Building, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, 14071, Spain
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26
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Abstract
Lycopene is a carotenoid mainly present in red-colored fruits and vegetables. Its value in the pharmaceutical and food industry is linked to its benefits for the human health, including properties against cancer and cardiovascular diseases, and its use as a food colorant. Lycopene can be produced either by synthetic or natural means, but there is a preference for the second, since it is considered a more eco-friendly and less harmful process. Among natural methods for obtaining lycopene, microbial fermentation is a good alternative to extraction from plants that naturally contain lycopene, since it implies obtaining higher and more specific amounts of this carotenoid. This chapter describes lycopene production by fermentation of the fungus Blakeslea trispora, a naturally carotenoid producer, at 30 L scale. This procedure involves separated growth of the two sexual mating types of B. trispora during the vegetative stages and the use of a lycopene cyclase inhibitor to achieve lycopene accumulation during the production stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Martínez-Cámara
- Department of Biotechnology, Crystal Pharma, A Subsidiary of Albany Molecular Research Inc. (AMRI), Parque Tecnológico de León, León, Spain
| | - Sara Rubio
- Department of Biotechnology, Crystal Pharma, A Subsidiary of Albany Molecular Research Inc. (AMRI), Parque Tecnológico de León, León, Spain
| | - Hannah Del Río
- Department of Biotechnology, Crystal Pharma, A Subsidiary of Albany Molecular Research Inc. (AMRI), Parque Tecnológico de León, León, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Sáiz
- Department of Biotechnology, Crystal Pharma, A Subsidiary of Albany Molecular Research Inc. (AMRI), Parque Tecnológico de León, León, Spain
| | - José-Luis Barredo
- Department of Biotechnology, Crystal Pharma, A Subsidiary of Albany Molecular Research Inc. (AMRI), Parque Tecnológico de León, León, Spain.
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