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RoyMahapatra D, Singh R, Sk UH, Manna PP. Engineered Artesunate-Naphthalimide Hybrid Dual Drug for Synergistic Multimodal Therapy against Experimental Murine Lymphoma. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:1090-1107. [PMID: 38306276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Lymphoma can effectively be treated with a chemotherapy regimen that is associated with adverse side effects due to increasing drug resistance, so there is an emergent need for alternative small-molecule inhibitors to overcome the resistance that occurs in lymphoma management and overall increase the prognosis rate. A new series of substituted naphthalimide moieties conjugated via ester and amide linkages with artesunate were designed, synthesized, and characterized. In addition to the conjugates, to further achieve a theranostic molecule, FITC was incorporated via a multistep synthesis process. DNA binding studies of these selected derivatives by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), fluorescence spectroscopy, intercalating dye (EtBr, acridine orange)-DNA competitive assay, and minor groove binding dye Hoechst 33342-DNA competitive assay suggested that the synthesized novel molecules intercalated between the two strands of DNA due to its naphthalimide moiety and its counterpart artesunate binds with the minor groove of DNA. Napthalimide-artesunate conjugates inhibit the growth of lymphoma and induce apoptosis, including ready incorporation and reduction in cell viability. The remodeled drug has a significant tumoricidal effect against solid DL tumors developed in BALB/c mice in a dose-dependent manner. The novel drug appears to inhibit metastasis and increase the survival of the treated animals compared with untreated littermates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debapriya RoyMahapatra
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700 026, West Bengal, India
| | - Ranjeet Singh
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ugir Hossain Sk
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700 026, West Bengal, India
| | - Partha Pratim Manna
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Çot A, Çeşme M, Onur S, Aksakal E, Şahin İ, Tümer F. Rational design of 1,2,3-triazole hybrid structures as novel anticancer agents: synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-9. [PMID: 35983627 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2112620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
New hybrid compounds belonging to the class of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles were synthesized. The structural characterization of the synthesized compounds was performed using IR, 1H-NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analysis techniques. Diarylketones 1a and 1b were used as starting compounds for the synthesis of triazoles. The corresponding diarylmethanol derivatives (2a,b) were obtained from reduction of ketone units with NaBH4. Oxyalkynes (3a,b) were obtained by treating the hydroxyl group with NaH in anhydrous THF and then with propargylbromide. The target hybrid structures 6a-n were obtained from the metal-catalyzed "click reaction" of the arylazide and alkyne units. The newly synthesized compounds were structurally analysed using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, elemental analysis, LC-MS and FT-IR. The antioxidant and anticancer activities of all compounds were investigated. It has been determined that the new hybrid structures have very good antioxidant and anticancer activities according to the standards. In particular, compounds 6b, 6h, 6i and 6j (IC50: 1.87, 12.5, 7.22, 8.04 µM) showed excellent activity compared to standard 5-Fu (IC50: 40.89 µM). According to the results of molecular docking of compounds 6b and 6i with the highest cancer activity, MetAP-2 was found to have a high affinity through exposed polar and apolar contacts with fundemental residues in the binding pocket.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynur Çot
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Çeşme
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Sultan Onur
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Elif Aksakal
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - İrfan Şahin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Ferhan Tümer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
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Jansongsaeng S, Srimongkolpithak N, Pengon J, Kamchonwongpaisan S, Khotavivattana T. 5-Phenoxy Primaquine Analogs and the Tetraoxane Hybrid as Antimalarial Agents. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133991. [PMID: 34208832 PMCID: PMC8272044 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence of drug resistance to the current antimalarial agents has led to the urgent need for the discovery of new and effective compounds. In this work, a series of 5-phenoxy primaquine analogs with 8-aminoquinoline core (7a–7h) was synthesized and investigated for their antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum. Most analogs showed improved blood antimalarial activity compared to the original primaquine. To further explore a drug hybrid strategy, a conjugate compound between tetraoxane and the representative 5-phenoxy-primaquine analog 7a was synthesized. In our work, the hybrid compound 12 exhibited almost a 30-fold increase in the blood antimalarial activity (IC50 = 0.38 ± 0.11 μM) compared to that of primaquine, with relatively low toxicity against mammalian cells (SI = 45.61). Furthermore, we found that these 5-phenoxy primaquine analogs and the hybrid exhibit significant heme polymerization inhibition, an activity similar to that of chloroquine, which could contribute to their improved antimalarial activity. The 5-phenoxy primaquine analogs and the tetraoxane hybrid could serve as promising candidates for the further development of antimalarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somruedee Jansongsaeng
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Nitipol Srimongkolpithak
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (N.S.); (J.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Jutharat Pengon
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (N.S.); (J.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Sumalee Kamchonwongpaisan
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (N.S.); (J.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Tanatorn Khotavivattana
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-2-218-7621
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Qin Z, Ou S, Xu L, Sorensen K, Zhang Y, Hu DP, Yang Z, Hu WY, Chen F, Prins GS. Design and synthesis of isothiocyanate-containing hybrid androgen receptor (AR) antagonist to downregulate AR and induce ferroptosis in GSH-Deficient prostate cancer cells. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 97:1059-1078. [PMID: 33470049 PMCID: PMC8168342 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sustained androgen receptor (AR) signaling and apoptosis evasion are among the main hurdles of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) treatment. We designed and synthesized isothiocyanate (ITC)-containing hybrid AR antagonist (ITC-ARi) and rationally combined ITC-ARi with GSH synthesis inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) to efficiently downregulate AR/AR splice variant and induce ferroptosis in CRPC cells. The representative ITC-ARi 13 is an AR ligand that contains an N-acetyl cysteine-masked ITC moiety and gradually releases parental unconjugated ITC 12b in aqueous solution. The in vitro anti-PCa activities of 13, such as growth inhibition and AR downregulation, are significantly enhanced when combined with BSO. The drug combination caused notable lipid peroxidation and the cell viability was effectively rescued by iron chelator, antioxidants or the inhibitor of heme oxygenase-1, supporting the induction of ferroptosis. 13 and BSO cooperatively downregulate AR and induce ferroptosis likely through increasing the accessibility of 13/12b to cellular targets, escalating free intracellular ferrous iron and attenuating GSH-centered cellular defense and adaptation. Further studies on the combination of ITC-ARi and GSH synthesis inhibitor could result in a new modality against CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Siyu Ou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Liping Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kathleen Sorensen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yingxue Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Dan-Ping Hu
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Wen-Yang Hu
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Gail S. Prins
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Szumilak M, Wiktorowska-Owczarek A, Stanczak A. Hybrid Drugs-A Strategy for Overcoming Anticancer Drug Resistance? Molecules 2021; 26:2601. [PMID: 33946916 PMCID: PMC8124695 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite enormous progress in the treatment of many malignancies, the development of cancer resistance is still an important reason for cancer chemotherapy failure. Increasing knowledge of cancers' molecular complexity and mechanisms of their resistance to anticancer drugs, as well as extensive clinical experience, indicate that an effective fight against cancer requires a multidimensional approach. Multi-target chemotherapy may be achieved using drugs combination, co-delivery of medicines, or designing hybrid drugs. Hybrid drugs simultaneously targeting many points of signaling networks and various structures within a cancer cell have been extensively explored in recent years. The single hybrid agent can modulate multiple targets involved in cancer cell proliferation, possesses a simpler pharmacokinetic profile to reduce the possibility of drug interactions occurrence, and facilitates the process of drug development. Moreover, a single medication is expected to enhance patient compliance due to a less complicated treatment regimen, as well as a diminished number of adverse reactions and toxicity in comparison to a combination of drugs. As a consequence, many efforts have been made to design hybrid molecules of different chemical structures and functions as a means to circumvent drug resistance. The enormous number of studies in this field encouraged us to review the available literature and present selected research results highlighting the possible role of hybrid drugs in overcoming cancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Szumilak
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego Street, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Wiktorowska-Owczarek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Stanczak
- Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego Street, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
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Hu WY, Xu L, Chen B, Ou S, Muzzarelli KM, Hu DP, Li Y, Yang Z, Vander Griend DJ, Prins GS, Qin Z. Targeting prostate cancer cells with enzalutamide-HDAC inhibitor hybrid drug 2-75. Prostate 2019; 79:1166-1179. [PMID: 31135075 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) still relies on the function of androgen receptor (AR), achieved by evolving mechanisms to reactivate AR signaling under hormonal therapy. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) disrupt cytoplasmic AR chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) via HDAC6 inhibition, leading to AR degradation and growth suppression of prostate cancer (PCa) cells. However, current HDACis are not effective in clinical trials treating CRPC. METHODS We designed hybrid molecules containing partial chemical scaffolds of AR antagonist enzalutamide (Enz) and HDACi suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) as new anti-PCa agents. We previously demonstrated that Enz-HDACi hybrid drug 2-75 targets both AR and Hsp90, which inhibits the growth of Enz-resistant C4-2 cells. In the current study, we further investigate the molecular and cellular actions of 2-75 and test its anti-PCa effects in vivo. RESULTS Compared with Enz, 2-75 had greater AR antagonistic effects by decreasing the stability, transcriptional activity, and nuclear translocation of intracellular AR. In addition to inhibition of full-length AR (FL AR), 2-75 downregulated the AR-V7 variant in multiple PCa cell lines. Mechanistic studies indicated that the AR affinity of 2-75 retains the drug in the cytoplasm of AR + PCa cells and further directs 2-75 to the AR-associated protein complex, which permits localized effects on AR-associated Hsp90. Further, unlike pan-HDACi SAHA, the cytoplasm-retaining property allows 2-75 to significantly inhibit cytoplasmic HDAC6 with limited impact on nuclear HDACs. These selective cytoplasmic actions of 2-75 overcome the unfavorable resistance and toxicity properties associated with classical AR antagonists, HDACis, and Hsp90 inhibitors. Finally, 2-75 showed greater antitumor activities than Enz in vivo on SQ xenografts derived from LNCaP cells. CONCLUSIONS Novel therapeutic strategy using newly designed 2-75 and related AR antagonist-HDACi hybrid drugs has great potential for effective treatment of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yang Hu
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Liping Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Bailing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Siyu Ou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Kendall M Muzzarelli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Dan-Ping Hu
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - Gail S Prins
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Zhihui Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
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Wang KK, Stone LK, Lieberman TD, Shavit M, Baasov T, Kishony R. A Hybrid Drug Limits Resistance by Evading the Action of the Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Pathway. Mol Biol Evol 2015; 33:492-500. [PMID: 26538141 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msv243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid drugs are a promising strategy to address the growing problem of drug resistance, but the mechanism by which they modulate the evolution of resistance is poorly understood. Integrating high-throughput resistance measurements and genomic sequencing, we compared Escherichia coli populations evolved in a hybrid antibiotic that links ciprofloxacin and neomycin B with populations evolved in combinations of the component drugs. We find that populations evolved in the hybrid gain less resistance than those evolved in an equimolar mixture of the hybrid's components, in part because the hybrid evades resistance mediated by the multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) operon. Furthermore, we find that the ciprofloxacin moiety of the hybrid inhibits bacterial growth whereas the neomycin B moiety diminishes the effectiveness of mar activation. More generally, comparing the phenotypic and genotypic paths to resistance across different drug treatments can pinpoint unique properties of new compounds that limit the emergence of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy K Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Laura K Stone
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tami D Lieberman
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michal Shavit
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, Israel
| | - Timor Baasov
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, Israel
| | - Roy Kishony
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Faculties of Biology and Computer Science, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, Israel
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