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Mochizuki H, Estrada AJ, Boggess M. Assessment of Y chromosome copy number alterations in non-neoplastic and neoplastic leukocytes of male dogs. Vet J 2024; 304:106088. [PMID: 38412887 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The loss of the Y chromosome (ChrY), also known as LOY, is a common genetic alteration observed in men. It occurs in non-neoplastic cells as an age-related change as well as in neoplastic cells of various cancer types. While well-documented in humans, LOY has not been extensively studied in non-human mammals. In this study, we developed simple digital PCR-based assays to assess the copy number of ChrY relative to the X chromosome (ChrX) and chromosome 8 (Chr8) to evaluate ChrY numerical alterations in male canine DNA specimens. Using these assays, we analyzed non-neoplastic leukocytes from 162 male dogs without hematopoietic neoplasia to investigate the occurrence of age-related LOY in non-neoplastic leukocytes. Additionally, we examined 101 tumor DNA specimens obtained from male dogs diagnosed with various types of lymphoma and leukemia to determine whether copy number alterations of the ChrY occur in canine hematopoietic cancers. Analysis of the 162 non-neoplastic leukocyte DNA specimens from male dogs of varying ages revealed a consistent ∼1:1 ChrY:ChrX ratio. This suggests that age-related LOY in non-neoplastic leukocytes is rare or absent in dogs. Conversely, a decreased or increased ChrY:ChrX ratio was detected in canine neoplastic leukocytes at varying frequencies across different canine hematopoietic malignancies (P = 0.01, Fisher's exact test). Notably, a higher incidence of LOY was observed in more aggressive cancer types. To determine if this relative LOY to ChrX was caused by changes in ChrY or ChrX, we further analyzed their relative copy numbers using Chr8 as a reference. Loss of ChrX relative to Chr8 was found in 21% (9/41) of B-cell lymphomas and 6% (1/18) of non-T-zone/high-grade T-cell lymphomas. In contrast, a subset (29%, 4/14) of T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia showed gain of ChrX relative to Chr8. Notably, no relative LOY to Chr8 was detected indolent hematopoietic cancers such as T-zone lymphoma (0/9) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia of B-cell (0/11) and T-cell origins (0/14). However, relative LOY to Chr8 was present in more aggressive canine hematopoietic cancers, with incidences of 24% (10/41) in B-cell lymphoma, 44% (8/18) in non-T-zone/high-grade T-cell lymphoma, and 75% (6/8) in acute leukemia. This study highlights both similarities and differences in LOY between human and canine non-neoplastic and neoplastic leukocytes. It underscores the need for further research into the role of ChrY in canine health and disease, as well as the significance of LOY across various species.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mochizuki
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - A J Estrada
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - M Boggess
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Henklewska M, Pawlak A, Li RF, Yi J, Zbyryt I, Obmińska-Mrukowicz B. Benzyl Isothiocyanate, a Vegetable-Derived Compound, Induces Apoptosis via ROS Accumulation and DNA Damage in Canine Lymphoma and Leukemia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111772. [PMID: 34769202 PMCID: PMC8583731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of neoplastic diseases in companion animals is one of the most important problems of modern veterinary medicine. Given the growing interest in substances of natural origin as potential anti-cancer drugs, our goal was to examine the effectiveness of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), a compound found in cruciferous vegetables, against canine lymphoma and leukemia. These are the one of the most common canine cancer types, and chemotherapy is the only treatment option. The study involved established cell lines originating from various hematopoietic malignancies: CLBL-1, GL-1, CLB70 and CNK-89, immortalized noncancerous cell lines: MDCK and NIH-3T3 and canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The cytotoxic activity of BITC, apoptosis induction, caspase activity and ROS generation were evaluated by flow cytometry. H2AX phosphorylation was assessed by western blot. The study showed that the compound was especially active against B lymphocyte-derived malignant cells. Their death resulted from caspase-dependent apoptosis. BITC induced ROS accumulation, and glutathione precursor N-acetyl-l-cysteine reversed the effect of the compound, thus proving the role of oxidative stress in BITC activity. In addition, exposure to the compound induced DNA damage in the tested cells. This is the first study that provides information on the activity of BITC in canine hematopoietic malignancies and suggests that the compound may be particularly useful in B-cell neoplasms treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Henklewska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.P.); (B.O.-M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Aleksandra Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.P.); (B.O.-M.)
| | - Rong-Fang Li
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (R.-F.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jine Yi
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (R.-F.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Iwona Zbyryt
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Bożena Obmińska-Mrukowicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.P.); (B.O.-M.)
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Wang YP, Sharda A, Xu SN, van Gastel N, Man CH, Choi U, Leong WZ, Li X, Scadden DT. Malic enzyme 2 connects the Krebs cycle intermediate fumarate to mitochondrial biogenesis. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1027-1041.e8. [PMID: 33770508 PMCID: PMC10472834 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have an independent genome (mtDNA) and protein synthesis machinery that coordinately activate for mitochondrial generation. Here, we report that the Krebs cycle intermediate fumarate links metabolism to mitobiogenesis through binding to malic enzyme 2 (ME2). Mechanistically, fumarate binds ME2 with two complementary consequences. First, promoting the formation of ME2 dimers, which activate deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (DUT). DUT fosters thymidine generation and an increase of mtDNA. Second, fumarate-induced ME2 dimers abrogate ME2 monomer binding to mitochondrial ribosome protein L45, freeing it for mitoribosome assembly and mtDNA-encoded protein production. Methylation of the ME2-fumarate binding site by protein arginine methyltransferase-1 inhibits fumarate signaling to constrain mitobiogenesis. Notably, acute myeloid leukemia is highly dependent on mitochondrial function and is sensitive to targeting of the fumarate-ME2 axis. Therefore, mitobiogenesis can be manipulated in normal and malignant cells through ME2, an unanticipated governor of mitochondrial biomass production that senses nutrient availability through fumarate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Wang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Cancer Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 20032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 20032, China
| | - Azeem Sharda
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shuang-Nian Xu
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Nick van Gastel
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Cheuk Him Man
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Una Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Wei Zhong Leong
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - David T Scadden
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Janke LJ, Imai DM, Tillman H, Doty R, Hoenerhoff MJ, Xu JJ, Freeman Z, Allen P, Fowlkes NW, Iacobucci I, Dickerson K, Mullighan CG, Vogel P, Rehg JE. Development of Mast Cell and Eosinophil Hyperplasia and HLH/MAS-Like Disease in NSG-SGM3 Mice Receiving Human CD34+ Hematopoietic Stem Cells or Patient-Derived Leukemia Xenografts. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:181-204. [PMID: 33208054 PMCID: PMC8414369 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820970144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Immunocompromised mouse strains expressing human transgenes are being increasingly used in biomedical research. The genetic modifications in these mice cause various cellular responses, resulting in histologic features unique to each strain. The NSG-SGM3 mouse strain is similar to the commonly used NSG (NOD scid gamma) strain but expresses human transgenes encoding stem cell factor (also known as KIT ligand), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin 3. This report describes 3 histopathologic features seen in these mice when they are unmanipulated or after transplantation with human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), virally transduced hCD34+ HSCs, or a leukemia patient-derived xenograft. The first feature is mast cell hyperplasia: unmanipulated, naïve mice develop periductular pancreatic aggregates of murine mast cells, whereas mice given the aforementioned human cells develop a proliferative infiltrative interstitial pancreatic mast cell hyperplasia but with human mast cells. The second feature is the predisposition of NSG-SGM3 mice given these human cells to develop eosinophil hyperplasia. The third feature, secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome (HLH/MAS)-like disease, is the most pronounced in both its clinical and histopathologic presentations. As part of this disease, a small number of mice also have histiocytic infiltration of the brain and spinal cord with subsequent neurologic or vestibular signs. The presence of any of these features can confound accurate histopathologic interpretation; therefore, it is important to recognize them as strain characteristics and to differentiate them from what may be experimentally induced in the model being studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Janke
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Denise M. Imai
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Heather Tillman
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Mark J. Hoenerhoff
- In Vivo Animal Core, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jiajie J. Xu
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Zach Freeman
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Portia Allen
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Natalie Wall Fowlkes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ilaria Iacobucci
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kirsten Dickerson
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Charles G. Mullighan
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Peter Vogel
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jerold E. Rehg
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Bienzle D. Bone Marrow Examination: Why, How, and What to Expect from the Pathologist. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2020; 36:35-52. [PMID: 31954548 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes the indications for sampling of bone marrow, the technical aspects of obtaining marrow core biopsies and aspirates, and the preparation of marrow smears. All aspects are illustrated with clinical cases. The information that can be expected from the pathologist's report of marrow samples is outlined, and the clinical features and prognosis of different types of leukemia are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Bienzle
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
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6
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Lapin BA. The epidemiologic and genetic aspects of an outbreak of leukemia among Hamadryas baboons of the Sukhumi monkey colony. Bibl Haematol 2015; 39:263-8. [PMID: 4360160 DOI: 10.1159/000427851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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7
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Bendixen HJ. Epidemiologic studies of enzootic bovine leukosis associated with the public control program in Denmark, 1959-1971. Bibl Haematol 2015; 39:215-9. [PMID: 4777991 DOI: 10.1159/000427844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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8
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Abstract
Leukemia virus transmission was studied during an outbreak of leukemia among the baboons of the Sukhumi monkey colony. First, the possibility of "vertical" transmission of the virus was examined, as the Papio stock in Sukhumi was genetically homogeneous. "Vertical" transmission of the virus from a common ancestor seems unlikely, since cases of leukemia were registered in animals descending from different families. However, there were cases of innate leukemia, when babies born from leukemic parents displayed pronounced signs of leukemia immediately after birth. "Horizontal" transmission of the virus also seems indisputable, because special experiments have shown that imported baboons, even of other species, caged together with leukemic animals, may develop leukemia due to close contact. It was established earlier that the leukemia virus was excreted with urine. Kidneys, lungs, and salivary glands are the possible routes of infection. Thus, the present report aknowledges the possibility of both "horizontal" and "vertical" transmission of leukemia oncornaviruses in primates.
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Essex M, Hardy WD, Cotter SM, Jakowski RM. Immune response of healthy and leukemic cats to the feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen. Bibl Haematol 2015:483-8. [PMID: 169820 DOI: 10.1159/000397565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Feline leukemia is an infectious disease caused by a horizontally transmitted virus. Infection of animals or cultured cells with feline oncornaviruses results in the expression of a specific cell membrane antigen, feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen (FOCMA). The humoral antibody response to FOCMA is directly correlated with tumor progression. The measurement of this antibody is a useful tool for determining virus exposure. Using this procedure it was determined that cats living in leukemia "cluster" households as well as cats used as contact controls in virus injection experiments have a risk of infection of 90% or higher.
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Ferrer JF, Bhatt DM, Marshak RR, Abt DA. Further studies on the antigenic properties and distribution of the putative bovine leukemia virus. Bibl Haematol 2015:59-66. [PMID: 51637 DOI: 10.1159/000397518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The C-type viruses found in long-term cultures. New Bolton Center (NBC) cell lines, of peripheral lymphocytes from leukemic cattle and in short-term cultures of bovine buffy coat(BC) cells share an immunofluorescent(IF)antigen detected in the cytoplasm of infected cells as well as an antigen demonstrable in gel diffusion experiments. Therefore the viruses from these cultures most likely represent different isolates of the putative bovine leukemia virus (BLV). The BLV precipitin antigen is analogous to the group specific (gs) antigens of the leukemia viruses of other species in that it is soluble, ether resistant, and apparently located within the virion. These observations, together with results showing that the specificity of the BLV precipitin antigen differs from that of the gs antigen of other mammalian leukemia viruses, indicate that the former antigen represents the intraspecies (gs-1) determinant of BLV. Antibodies to the precipitin viral antigen were found in 82% of cattle with leukemia and in 40% of clinically normal adult cattle in multiple-case herds. These groups of animals also had fluorescent antibodies to the virus, but with significantly higher frequencies (100% and 76%, respectively). On the other hand, in leukemia-free herds, precipitating antibodies were not found and the incidence of fluorescent antibodies was only 3%.
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11
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Kawakami TG, Buckley PM, dePaoli A, Noll W, Bustad LK. Studies on the prevalence of type C virus associated with gibbon hematopoietic neoplasms. Bibl Haematol 2015:385-9. [PMID: 51628 DOI: 10.1159/000397556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gibbon malignancy frequently involves the hematopoietic system and can occur in clusters. Virus isolated from gibbon neoplasms possessed typical type C virus morphology, and the virion measured 100 nm in diameter with an electron-dense nucleoid measuring approximately 75 nm. The virus incorporated 3H-uridine into the nucleic acid and rested at a buoyant density of 1.14-1.16 g/cm3. Intra-and interspecific antigenic determinants were present, and the intraspecific antigenic determinant was shared with the woolly monkey sarcoma virus but not with feline or murine type C viruses. The virus and antibody reactive to the virus are more prevalent in gibbon groups that experience leukemia than those free of hematopoietic neoplasms.
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Abstract
The largest excess in tumor incidence due to pollution (616%) was observed in the fish species: Ictalurus nebulosis (the brown bullhead). Extensive analysis of waters on the Fox River in Illinois disclosed a heavy chemical and physical organic and inorganic materials far exceeding State and Federal minimal safety standards. Additional tests showed the presence of numerous human viral agents in the Fox River. Certain chemicals in the water appear to be potential carcinogens for fish. Two types of leukemia were found in 11% of the Esox lucius caught in the Fox River. It is hypothesized that these leukemias might also be of viral etiology. Experiments were conducted on Esox lucius caught in the Fox River. It is hypothesized that these leukemias might also be of viral etiology. Experiments were conducted on Esox lucius (Northern Pike). Interest centered around the possible viral origin of lymphosarcoma of the jaw in that species. Cell-free filtrates of this tumor were inoculated into a test group of fish from pollution-free waters. At the end of seven weeks, lymphosarcoma developed in 89% of the fish inoculated with cell-free homogenates. Control fish receiving inoculation of either Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) or normal tissues and kept in separate tanks at all times did not develop lymphosarcomas.
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Dunne HW, Kmetz ME, Yilmazer S, Schultz RD, Griel LC, Clark CD. The in vitro growth patterns and morphological characteristics of leukocytes from leukemic, lymphosarcomatous and normal cattle. Bibl Haematol 2015; 30:228-30. [PMID: 5695488 DOI: 10.1159/000391261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Sarma PS, Ueberhorst PJ, Zeve V, Whang-Peng J, Huebner R. L2C/NB guinea pig leukemia: failure to demonstrate transmissible leukemogenic virus. Bibl Haematol 2015:574-7. [PMID: 4376385 DOI: 10.1159/000391754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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15
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Hare WC, Soulsby EJ, Abt DA. Bovine trypanosomiasis and lymphocytosis parallel studies. Bibl Haematol 2015:504-17. [PMID: 5006224 DOI: 10.1159/000391745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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16
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Bergolz VM, Dementieva VV. Isolation of a leukosogenic agent from tissue of a leukemic cow. Bibl Haematol 2015; 30:154-6. [PMID: 5674810 DOI: 10.1159/000391243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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18
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Hsiung GD, Kaplow LS. The association of herpes-like virus and guinea pig leukemia. Bibl Haematol 2015:578-83. [PMID: 4376386 DOI: 10.1159/000391755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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19
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Abt DA, Marshak RR, Kulp HW, Pollock RJ. Studies on the relationship between lymphocytosis and bovine leukosis. Bibl Haematol 2015:527-36. [PMID: 5538362 DOI: 10.1159/000391747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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20
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Schmidt FW. Preliminary report on transmission-experiments of bovine leukosis by leukocyte-cultures. Bibl Haematol 2015:555-8. [PMID: 5538365 DOI: 10.1159/000391751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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21
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Farley CA, Sparks AK. Proliferative diseases of hemocytes, endothelial cells, and connective tissue cells in mollusks. Bibl Haematol 2015:610-7. [PMID: 5538521 DOI: 10.1159/000391759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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22
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23
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Lax T, Hofirek B. Haematological pitfalls in cattle leukosis. Bibl Haematol 2015:544-7. [PMID: 5538364 DOI: 10.1159/000391749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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25
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Kawakami TG, Moore AL, Theilen GH, Munn RJ. Comparisons of virus-like particles from leukotic cattle to feline leukosis virus. Bibl Haematol 2015:471-5. [PMID: 4376380 DOI: 10.1159/000391741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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26
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Trainin Z, Klopfer U. Immunofluorescent studies in lymph nodes from cattle affected with bovine leukosis. Bibl Haematol 2015:500-3. [PMID: 4950971 DOI: 10.1159/000391744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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27
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Henricson B, Ringertz N. Comparative statistical studies on the geographical distribution of human and bovine leukemia in Sweden. Bibl Haematol 2015; 30:331-2. [PMID: 5674821 DOI: 10.1159/000391284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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28
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Larson VL, Sorensen DK, Perman V, Anderson RK, Shope RE. Epidemiologic studies on the mechanism of vertical and horizontal transmission of bovine leukemia. Bibl Haematol 2015; 30:190-2. [PMID: 5674811 DOI: 10.1159/000391249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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29
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Winqvist G, Beran M, Hugoson G. Bone marrow lymphocytes in bovine leukosis (adult multicentric type) and in apparently healthy cattle with normal or increased blood lymphocyte values. Bibl Haematol 2015:518-26. [PMID: 5538361 DOI: 10.1159/000391746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Dechambre RP, Weiler O, Lacour F. Bovine leukemia. I. Disease in animals less than 6 months. II. Hematological examination on 180 cattle from a region with a high incidence of leukemia. Bibl Haematol 2015; 30:217-8. [PMID: 5674814 DOI: 10.1159/000391258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Hare WC, McFeely RA. The present status of chromosome studies in bovine leukosis (leukemia). Bibl Haematol 2015; 30:231-3. [PMID: 5695489 DOI: 10.1159/000391262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Hugoson G. Studies on lymphocytosis in regions with high and low incidences of bovine leukosis and babesiosis. Bibl Haematol 2015:537-43. [PMID: 5538363 DOI: 10.1159/000391748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Winter J, Kershaw O, Schmitz R, Gehlen H. [Equine leukaemic lymphoma--a rare form of equine lymphoma]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2014; 42:311-317. [PMID: 25327154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Equine leukaemic lymphoma is a rare disease of the haematopoetic tissue. It results from neoplastic degradation of B- and T-lymphocytes and their occurrence in the blood. Clinical signs are often unspecific and include chronic weight loss, ventral oedema at the thorax and abdomen and regional lymphadenopathy. Horses are often presented late in the course of the disease and therapy is rarely successful. This review summarizes the clinical pathologic findings of equine leukaemic lymphoma and the findings of laboratory testing and other diagnostic measures, and presents treatment options described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Winter
- Dr. Judith Winter, Klinik für Pferde, Allgemeine Chirurgie und Radiologie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, E-Mail:
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Mammerickx M, Burny A, Kettmann R, Portetelle D. A bovine thymic lymphosarcoma case showing a negative serological response to bovine leukemia virus antigens, in a herd with high incidence of enzootic bovine leukosis. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 2010; 28:733-42. [PMID: 6282011 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1981.tb01801.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Mammerickx M, Burny A, Dekegel D, Ghysdael J, Kettmann R, Portetelle D. Study on the diagnosis of enzootic bovine leukosis by complement fixation. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 2010; 24:349-57. [PMID: 195423 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1977.tb01009.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hugoson G, Brattström R. Probable horizontal spread of bovine leucosis virus not followed by secondary disease outbreaks. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 2010; 27:304-12. [PMID: 6252729 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1980.tb01695.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Matthaeus W, Straub OC. Detection of precipitating antibodies and identification of bovine leukemia virus antigens by micro counter-current immunoelectrophoresis. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 2010; 27:61-9. [PMID: 6251674 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1980.tb01638.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Baumgartener LE, Crowley J, Entine S, Olson C, Hugoson G, Hansen HJ, Dreher WH. Influence of sire on BVL infection in progeny. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 2010; 25:202-10. [PMID: 580670 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1978.tb01177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Comazzi S, Gelain ME. Use of flow cytometric immunophenotyping to refine the cytological diagnosis of canine lymphoma. Vet J 2010; 188:149-55. [PMID: 20413335 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2009] [Revised: 03/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of canine lymphoma is a multi-step process involving clinical examination, diagnostic imaging, cytology, haematology, biochemical profiling, histopathology and ancillary techniques such as flow cytometry (FC). In human medicine, FC (in addition to cytology) is reported to increase the accuracy of diagnosis of most lymphoma sub-types. In dogs, FC can add a number of useful diagnostic features to the morphological evaluation of lymphoma including the evaluation of B or T cell lineage, antigen quantification and evaluation of aberrant patterns, the assessment of clonality, staging and the evaluation of minimal residual disease. In comparison to other immunophenotyping techniques, FC is rapid and easy to perform and 'gating' techniques can resolve mixed cell populations although the use of fresh samples is required and the appropriate equipment and its maintenance are quite expensive. The use of FC to refine cytological diagnosis could be further enhanced by the use of a multi-parametric approach and by the development of a wider panel of standardised canine-specific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Comazzi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, Milan, Italy.
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Gavazza A, Lubas G, Valori E, Gugliucci B. Retrospective survey of malignant lymphoma cases in the dog: clinical, therapeutical and prognostic features. Vet Res Commun 2009; 32 Suppl 1:S291-3. [PMID: 18704736 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-008-9131-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Gavazza
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Florins A, Reichert M, Asquith B, Bouzar AB, Jean G, François C, Jasik A, Burny A, Kettmann R, Willems L. Earlier onset of delta-retrovirus-induced leukemia after splenectomy. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6943. [PMID: 19759828 PMCID: PMC2736388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection by δ-retroviruses such as human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is mostly asymptomatic. Indeed, only a minority (<5%) of δ-retrovirus infected hosts will develop either lymphoproliferative or neurodegenerative diseases after long latency periods. In fact, the host immune response is believed to tightly control viral replication but this assumption has not been definitely proven in vivo. Here, we provide direct experimental evidence demonstrating that integrity of the spleen is required to control pathogenesis. In the BLV model, we show that asplenia decreases efficiency of the immune response and induces an imbalance in cell dynamics resulting in accelerated onset of leukemia. These observations enlighten a potential threat in splenectomized HTLV-1 carriers and justify a regular preventive evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Florins
- Cellular and Molecular Biology, Gembloux Agricultural University (FUSAGX), Gembloux, Belgium.
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Stear MJ, Dimmock CK, Newman MJ, Nicholas FW. BoLA antigens are associated with increased frequency of persistent lymphocytosis in bovine leukaemia virus infected cattle and with increased incidence of antibodies to bovine leukaemia virus. Anim Genet 2009; 19:151-8. [PMID: 2843067 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1988.tb00800.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The association between bovine major histocompatibility system (BoLA) type and persistent lymphocytosis in cattle with antibodies to bovine leukaemia virus was examined by comparing antigen frequencies in cattle with persistent lymphocytosis to controls matched for age, sex, breed and presence of antibodies to BLV. The cattle came from nine dairy herds in south-east Queensland, Australia; six herds were Australian Illawarra Shorthorn (AIS), two herds were Jersey and one herd was Friesian. Antigen W6 and Eu28R were more common in cattle with persistent lymphocytosis than in controls. Antigen W8 was less common in AIS cattle with persistent lymphocytosis. A study of 24 offspring from one sire, heterozygous for W10 and Eu28R, showed that offspring inheriting Eu28R from the sire were significantly more likely to have antibodies to BLV than offspring inheriting the opposing W10 haplotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Stear
- Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, ACT
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Von Euler HP, Rivera P, Aronsson AC, Bengtsson C, Hansson LO, Eriksson SK. Monitoring therapy in canine malignant lymphoma and leukemia with serum thymidine kinase 1 activity--evaluation of a new, fully automated non-radiometric assay. Int J Oncol 2009; 34:505-510. [PMID: 19148486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymidine kinase 1 (TK), which is involved in the synthesis of DNA precursors, is only expressed in S-G2 cells. Serum TK levels correlate to the proliferative activity of tumor disease. Determinations of TK levels have so far relied on radio enzyme assay (REA) and experimental ELISA methods, which have limited the clinical use of this biomarker, although recent studies in dogs with malignant lymphoma (ML) demonstrate its wide potential. A non-radiometric method based on a competitive immunoassay with specific anti-3'-azido-deoxythymidine monophosphate (AZTMP) antibodies has been further developed into the fully automated Liaison TK assay (DiaSorin). Sera from healthy dogs (n=30), and dogs with leukemia (LEUK) (n=35), ML (n=84), non-hematological tumors (n=50), and inflammatory disease (n=14) were tested using both methods. Lymphoma and LEUK samples were available before and during chemotherapy. The coefficients of variation for the Liaison TK assay in this study were 6.3 and 3.4% (low/high TK, respectively), and the correlation between TK REA (X) and the Liaison TK assay (Y) was y=0.9203x+1.3854 (R2=0.9501). The TK1 levels measured during chemotherapy gave very clear differences between dogs in complete remission and dogs out of remission. A Tukey-Kramer analysis showed that all LEUKs and MLs out of remission differed significantly from the other groups. The Liaison TK assay showed high precision, high sensitivity and a good correlation to the TK REA. The Liaison TK assay provides valuable clinical information in the treatment and management of canine LEUK and ML, with a potential to be further validated in human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik P Von Euler
- Center of Clinical Comparative Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, and Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Merimi M, Klener P, Szynal M, Cleuter Y, Bagnis C, Kerkhofs P, Burny A, Martiat P, Van den Broeke A. Complete suppression of viral gene expression is associated with the onset and progression of lymphoid malignancy: observations in Bovine Leukemia Virus-infected sheep. Retrovirology 2007; 4:51. [PMID: 17645797 PMCID: PMC1948017 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-4-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During malignant progression, tumor cells need to acquire novel characteristics that lead to uncontrolled growth and reduced immunogenicity. In the Bovine Leukemia Virus-induced ovine leukemia model, silencing of viral gene expression has been proposed as a mechanism leading to immune evasion. However, whether proviral expression in tumors is completely suppressed in vivo was not conclusively demonstrated. Therefore, we studied viral expression in two selected experimentally-infected sheep, the virus or the disease of which had features that made it possible to distinguish tumor cells from their nontransformed counterparts. Results In the first animal, we observed the emergence of a genetically modified provirus simultaneously with leukemia onset. We found a Tax-mutated (TaxK303) replication-deficient provirus in the malignant B-cell clone while functional provirus (TaxE303) had been consistently monitored over the 17-month aleukemic period. In the second case, both non-transformed and transformed BLV-infected cells were present at the same time, but at distinct sites. While there was potentially-active provirus in the non-leukemic blood B-cell population, as demonstrated by ex-vivo culture and injection into naïve sheep, virus expression was completely suppressed in the malignant B-cells isolated from the lymphoid tumors despite the absence of genetic alterations in the proviral genome. These observations suggest that silencing of viral genes, including the oncoprotein Tax, is associated with tumor onset. Conclusion Our findings suggest that silencing is critical for tumor progression and identify two distinct mechanisms-genetic and epigenetic-involved in the complete suppression of virus and Tax expression. We demonstrate that, in contrast to systems that require sustained oncogene expression, the major viral transforming protein Tax can be turned-off without reversing the transformed phenotype. We propose that suppression of viral gene expression is a contributory factor in the impairment of immune surveillance and the uncontrolled proliferation of the BLV-infected tumor cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makram Merimi
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pavel Klener
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maud Szynal
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yvette Cleuter
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claude Bagnis
- Etablissement Français du Sang, 13009 Marseille, France
| | | | - Arsène Burny
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Martiat
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Van den Broeke
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
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Roccabianca P, Vernau W, Caniatti M, Moore PF. Feline large granular lymphocyte (LGL) lymphoma with secondary leukemia: primary intestinal origin with predominance of a CD3/CD8(alpha)(alpha) phenotype. Vet Pathol 2006; 43:15-28. [PMID: 16407483 DOI: 10.1354/vp.43-1-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic characteristics of large granular lymphocyte (LGL) neoplasia in 21 cats were examined. All cats were domestic short (19) or long hair (2) with a mean age of 9.3 years at diagnosis. Increased peripheral blood LGL counts were present in 18/21 cats. Neutrophilia (12/21 cats) and increased serum liver enzymes (7/12), total and direct bilirubin (7/13), BUN (5/14), and creatinine (2/14) were observed. Cats usually presented with advanced disease and none survived longer than 84 days (mean 18.8 days) postdiagnosis. Cytologically, LGLs had a mature (6/21), immature (13/21), or mixed (2/21) morphology. Necropsy lesions consisted of neoplastic lymphoid infiltrates in the jejunum, ileum, and duodenum in decreasing order of frequency. In the small intestine, mucosal ulceration (9/13) and epitheliotropism of neoplastic cells (9/13) were common. Neoplastic infiltrates were also present in the mesenteric lymph nodes (13/13), liver (12/13), spleen (8/13), kidneys (5/7), and bone marrow (5/7). A T cell phenotype (CD3epsilon+) characterized LGL neoplasia in 19/21 cases. A CD8alphaalpha+ cytotoxic/suppressor phenotype was present in 12/19 T cell tumors, 2 had a CD4+CD8alphaalpha phenotype, 3 had a CD4-CD8- phenotype, and 2 were CD4+ helper T cells. CD8beta chain expression was not detected in any instance. In two cats, a B or T cell origin could not be established. CD103 was expressed by 11 of 19 (58%) of the lymphomas tested. The immunophenotypic features shared by neoplastic LGLs in the cat and feline intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) support a small intestinal IEL origin for feline LGL lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Roccabianca
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Sipos W, Gerner W, Schilcher F, Leeb C, Groiss S, Miller I, Saalmüller A, Schmoll F, Schwendenwein I. Immunophenotypic characterization of peripheral blast cells in a leukemic miniature pig. Vet Pathol 2006; 43:362-7. [PMID: 16672585 DOI: 10.1354/vp.43-3-362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The health status of a 4-year-old female, dd-haplotype miniature pig deteriorated rapidly, so the animal finally had to be euthanized because of poor clinical condition. Necropsy revealed a massive leukocytic infiltration in the parenchymatous organs of the abdominal cavity. On hematologic cell counting, severe leukocytosis (69.3 x 10(9) cells/liter) and high-grade basophilia (6.9 x 10(9) cells/liter) were evident. Cytologic examination, as well as analysis of expression of leukocyte differentiation antigens by means of flow cytometry, classified blasts, which accounted for about 22% of leukocytes, as biphenotypic cells co-expressing the myeloid marker SWC3 (CD172a) and the lymphoid markers CD5 and CD25. Hematologic features resembled those seen in humans with chronic myeloid leukemia at blast phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Sipos
- Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Herd Management, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
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Abstract
Lymphomas are among the most common tumors in many strains and stocks of mice, especially those used in safety assessment. CD-1, C57BL/6, B6C3F1 and B6;129 mice develop 10-50% incidences of lymphomas in aging mice. Most of the tumors are B-cell lymphomas of the follicular type, arising in spleen, mesenteric lymph node and/or Peyer's patches. Lymphomas and leukemias may be induced by chemicals, retroviruses and irradiation. Genetics also play a major role in mouse lymphomagenesis and leukemogenesis. The most potent chemical carcinogens require only a single injection in young mice to induce a high incidence of lymphomas, often thymic T-cell lymphoblastic lymphomas. Several genetically engineered mouse lines have high incidences of these tumors. In 2-year carcinogenesis bioassays, increases of incidences of B-cell lymphomas (which occur naturally in controls) are indicative of less potent carcinogens. Classifications of the lymphomas and leukemias have evolved over the years. The practical WHO toxicologic pathology lymphoma and leukemia classification was developed by collaboration between the US STP, RITA, BSTP and JSTP. A more recent mouse lymphoma and leukemia classification was published by a committee of the US NCI Mouse Models of Human Cancers Consortium. This classification follows closely the more detailed human WHO classification and can be used for mouse models of lymphoma and leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold M Ward
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Twinbrook 3, MSC-8135, Bethesda, MD 20892-8135, USA.
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Comazzi S, Gelain ME, Spagnolo V, Riondato F, Guglielmino R, Sartorelli P. Flow cytometric patterns in blood from dogs with non-neoplastic and neoplastic hematologic diseases using double labeling for CD18 and CD45. Vet Clin Pathol 2006; 35:47-54. [PMID: 16511791 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2006.tb00088.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In dogs, flow cytometry is used in the phenotyping of immunologic cells and in the diagnosis of hemic neoplasia. However, the paucity of specific antibodies for myeloid cells and B lymphocytes and of labeled antibodies for multicolor techniques limits the ability to detect all leukocyte subpopulations. This is especially true for neoplastic and precursor cells. CD18 and CD45 are expressed on all leukocytes and are involved in cell activation, and together could be useful in helping determine cell lineage. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to double label canine blood for CD18 and CD45 and to use the differential expression of antigens to identify leukocyte populations in dogs with non-neoplastic and neoplastic hematologic diseases. METHODS A template was developed using blood samples from 10 clinically healthy dogs and a back-gating technique. Differential leukocyte counts obtained with the template were compared with those obtained by manual and automated methods on blood samples from 17 additional healthy dogs. Blood samples obtained from 9 dogs with non-neoplastic (reactive) hematologic diseases and 27 dogs with hemic neoplasia were double stained for CD18 and CD45 using mouse anticanine CD18 monoclonal antibody (mAb) plus phycoerythrin-conjugated rat anticanine CD45 mAb and fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated rabbit antimouse IgG. Hemic neoplasms were diagnosed by cell morphology, and immunophenotypic and cytochemical markers. RESULTS With the double label, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and T- and B-lymphocytes were identified. In reactive disorders, a population of activated neutrophils with high CD45 and CD18 expression was detected. In hemic neoplasia, cell lineage was easily determined, even in acute leukemia. CONCLUSIONS Double labeling for CD18/CD45 may be useful as a screening method to evaluate hematologic diseases and help determine cell lineage, and to aid in the selection of a panel of antibodies that would be useful for further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Comazzi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Hygiene and Health, University of Milan, Italy.
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