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Landschoot S, Zustovi R, Dewitte K, Randall NP, Maenhout S, Haesaert G. Cereal-legume intercropping: a smart review using topic modelling. Front Plant Sci 2024; 14:1228850. [PMID: 38259927 PMCID: PMC10800527 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1228850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Over the last decade, there has been a growing interest in cereal-legume intercropping for sustainable agriculture. As a result numerous papers, including reviews, focus on this topic. Screening this large amount of papers, to identify knowledge gaps and future research opportunities, manually, would be a complex and time consuming task. Materials and methods Bibliometric analysis combined with text mining and topic modelling, to automatically find topics and to derive a representation of intercropping papers as a potential solution to reduce the workload was tested. Both common (e.g. wheat and soybean) as well as underutilized crops (e.g. buckwheat, lupin, triticale) were the focus of this study. The corpus used for the analysis was retrieved from Web of Science and Scopus on 5th September 2022 and consisted of 4,732 papers. Results The number of papers on cereal-legume intercropping increased in recent years, with most studies being located in China. Literature mainly dealt with the cereals maize and wheat and the legume soybean whereas buckwheat and lupin received little attention from academic researchers. These underutilized crops are certainly interesting to be used as intercropping partners, however, additional research on optimization of management and cultivar's choice is important. Yield and nitrogen fixation are the most commonly studied traits in cereal-legume intercropping. Last decade, there is an increasing interest in climate resilience, sustainability and biodiversity. Also the term "ecosystem services" came into play, but still with a low frequency. The regulating services and provisioning services seem to be the most studied, in contrast terms related to potential cultural services were not encountered. Discussion In conclusion, based on this review several research opportunities were identified. Minor crops like lupin and buckwheat need to be evaluated for their role as intercropping partners. The interaction between species based on e.g. root exudates needs to be further unraveled. Also diseases, pests and weeds in relation to intercropping deserve more attention and finally more in-depth research on the additional benefits/ecosystem services associated with intercropping systems is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Landschoot
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of BioScience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Riccardo Zustovi
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of BioScience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Dewitte
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of BioScience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nicola P. Randall
- Centre for Evidence-Based Agriculture, Harper Adams University, Newport, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Maenhout
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of BioScience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of BioScience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Van den Bossche T, Goossens K, Haesaert G, Wambacq E, Vandaele L, De Boever JL. Autumn grass treated with a hydrolysable tannin extract versus lactic acid bacteria inoculant: Effects on silage fermentation characteristics and nutritional value and on performance of lactating dairy cows. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:111-125. [PMID: 37602531 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Hydrolysable tannins (HT) show potential as silage additive for autumn herbage silages, high in (rumen degradable) protein, as they may reduce proteolysis. Additionally, they have abilities to form pH-reversible tannin-protein complexes, non-degradable in the rumen but degradable in the abomasum and intestines of ruminants. Therefore they can improve milk N efficiency and shift N excretions from urine to faeces, possibly mitigating the environmental impact of ruminants. In this study, two small bunker silos were filled with autumn grass. One was treated with 20 g/kg DM HT extract (TAN) (TannoSan-L), the other with 8 mg/kg DM inoculant containing lactic acid bacteria (INO) (Bonsilage Fit G). Secondly, micro-silos (2.75 L) were filled with four treatments; (1) grass without additive (CON) (n = 5); (2) TAN (n = 5); (3) INO (n = 5); and (4) TAN + INO (n = 5). The bunker silos were used in a cross-over feeding experiment with periods of 4 weeks involving 22 lactating Holstein cows (average ± SD: 183 ± 36.3 days in milk, 665 ± 71.0 kg body weight, and 33.8 ± 3.91 kg/day milk yield). The HT dose was insufficient to reduce proteolysis or alter chemical composition and nutritional value in the micro- and bunker silages. Including grass silage added with TAN (3.2 g HT/kg DM) in the diet, did not affect feed intake nor fat and protein corrected milk yield in comparison to feeding the grass silage added with INO in a similar diet. The TAN-fed cows had an increased faecal N excretion and decreased apparent total-tract N and organic matter digestibility, but no improvement in the cows' N utilization could be confirmed in milk and blood urea levels. Overall, feeding an autumn grass silage treated with 20 g/kg chestnut HT extract did not affect the performance of dairy cows in comparison to feeding an autumn grass silage treated with a lactic acid bacteria inoculant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Van den Bossche
- Flanders Research Center for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | - Karen Goossens
- Flanders Research Center for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Leen Vandaele
- Flanders Research Center for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | - Johan L De Boever
- Flanders Research Center for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
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Njeru F, Wambua A, Muge E, Haesaert G, Gettemans J, Misinzo G. Major biotic stresses affecting maize production in Kenya and their implications for food security. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15685. [PMID: 38050609 PMCID: PMC10693822 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is a staple food for many households in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and also contributes to the gross domestic product (GDP). However, the maize yields reported in most SSA countries are very low and this is mainly attributed to biotic and abiotic stresses. These stresses have been exacerbated by climate change which has led to long periods of drought or heavy flooding and the emergence of new biotic stresses. Few reports exist which compile the biotic stresses affecting maize production in SSA. Here, five major biotic stresses of maize in Kenya are presented which are attributed to high yield losses. They include Maize lethal necrosis, fall armyworm, gray leaf spot, turcicum leaf blight and desert locusts. Maize lethal necrosis and fall armyworm are new biotic stresses to the Kenyan maize farmer while gray leaf spot, and turcicum leaf blight are endemic to the region. The invasion by the desert locusts is speculated to be caused by climate change. The biotic stresses cause a reduction in maize yield of 30-100% threatening food security. Therefore, this review focuses on the cause, control measures employed to control these diseases and future prospective. There should be deliberate efforts from the government and researchers to control biotic stresses affecting maize yields as the effect of these stresses is being exacerbated by the changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith Njeru
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicines and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Angeline Wambua
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chuka University, Chuka, Kenya
| | - Edward Muge
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Gettemans
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gerald Misinzo
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
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Pav M, Haesaert G, De Steur H. Public Knowledge, Perceptions, and Behavioral Intention Regarding Medical Cannabis in Belgium. J Psychoactive Drugs 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37155939 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2023.2209893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence on medical cannabis has moved its legislation forward in various countries, which has increased research on stakeholder reactions. While various studies looked at experts and users, research on public perceptions is scarce. This study aims to (1) examine the relationships between knowledge, perceptions, and behavioral intention toward medical cannabis, and (2) identify and profile key segments within the general public. An online survey was conducted among 656 respondents in Belgium. Findings showed that both subjective and objective knowledge are relatively poor, while risk/benefit perceptions and behavioral intention are much more positive. Subjective and objective knowledge as well as social trust have a positive influence on risk perceptions and a negative influence on benefit perceptions. In turn, risk and benefit perceptions are key determinants of behavioral intention, but in opposite directions. Furthermore, cluster analysis identified a cautious (23% of the sample), positive (50%), and enthusiastic cluster (27%). In terms of socio-demographic profile, older and highly educated people were significantly more represented in the latter two clusters. While our study demonstrated that cannabis is well accepted for medical purposes, research is needed to further validate the relationships between knowledge, perceptions, and (intended) behavior in different settings and policy contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Pav
- Division of Agri-Food Marketing and Chain Management, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans De Steur
- Division of Agri-Food Marketing and Chain Management, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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5
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Van den Bossche T, Goossens K, Ampe B, Haesaert G, De Sutter J, De Boever JL, Vandaele L. Effect of supplementing rumen-protected methionine, lysine, and histidine to low-protein diets on the performance and nitrogen balance of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:1790-1802. [PMID: 36710179 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Lowering the dietary protein content can reduce N excretions and NH3 emissions from manure and increase milk N efficiency of dairy cows. However, milk yield (MY) and composition can be compromised due to AA deficiency. Methionine and Lys are known as first limiting EAA for dairy cows, and recently His is also mentioned as limiting, especially in grass-based or low-protein diets. To examine this, a trial was conducted with a 3-wk pre-experimental adaptation period (diet 16.5% crude protein), followed by a depletion period of 4 wk, in which 39 cows (average ± standard deviation: 116 ± 29.3 d in milk, 1.8 ± 1.2 lactations, 638 ± 73.2 kg of body weight, and 32.7 ± 5.75 kg MY/d) received a low-protein diet (CTRL) (14.5% crude protein). Then, taking into account parity, His plasma concentration, and MY, cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups during the rumen-protected (RP) AA period of 7 wk; (1) CTRL; (2) CTRL + RP-Met + RP-Lys (MetLys); (3) CTRL + RP-Met + RP-Lys + RP-His (MetLysHis). Products were dosed, assuming requirements for digestible (d) Met, dLys, and dHis being, respectively, 2.4%, 7.0%, and 2.4% of intestinal digestible protein. In the cross-back period of 5 wk, all cows received the CTRL diet. During the last week of each period, a N balance was conducted by collecting total urine and spot samples of feces. Total feces production was calculated using the inert marker TiO2. Statistical analysis was performed with a linear mixed model with cow as random effect and data of the last week of the pre-experimental period used as covariate for the animal performance variables. No effect of supplementing RP-Met and RP-Lys nor RP-Met, RP-Lys, and RP-His on feed intake, milk performance, or milk N efficiency was observed. However, the plasma AA profile indicated additional supply of dMet, dLys, and dHis. Nevertheless, evaluation of the AA uptake relative to the cow's requirements showed that most EAA (exclusive Arg and Thr) were limiting over the whole experiment. Only dHis was sufficiently supplemented during the RP-AA period due to an overestimation of the diet's dMet and dLys supply in the beginning of the trial. The numerically increased milk urea N and urinary N excretion when RP-Met, RP-Lys, and RP-His were added to the low-protein diet suggest an increased catabolism of the excess His.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K Goossens
- ILVO, 9090 Melle, East-Flanders, Belgium
| | - B Ampe
- ILVO, 9090 Melle, East-Flanders, Belgium
| | - G Haesaert
- Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, East-Flanders, Belgium
| | - J De Sutter
- Orffa Additives B.V., 4817 ZL Breda, Brabant, the Netherlands
| | | | - L Vandaele
- ILVO, 9090 Melle, East-Flanders, Belgium.
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Piro MC, Muylle H, Haesaert G. Exploiting Rye in Wheat Quality Breeding: The Case of Arabinoxylan Content. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:737. [PMID: 36840085 PMCID: PMC9965444 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rye (Secale cereale subsp. cereale L.) has long been exploited as a valuable alternative genetic resource in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding. Indeed, the introgression of rye genetic material led to significant breakthroughs in the improvement of disease and pest resistance of wheat, as well as a few agronomic traits. While such traits remain a high priority in cereal breeding, nutritional aspects of grain crops are coming under the spotlight as consumers become more conscious about their dietary choices and the food industry strives to offer food options that meet their demands. To address this new challenge, wheat breeding can once again turn to rye to look for additional genetic variation. A nutritional aspect that can potentially greatly benefit from the introgression of rye genetic material is the dietary fibre content of flour. In fact, rye is richer in dietary fibre than wheat, especially in terms of arabinoxylan content. Arabinoxylan is a major dietary fibre component in wheat and rye endosperm flours, and it is associated with a variety of health benefits, including normalisation of glycaemic levels and promotion of the gut microbiota. Thus, it is a valuable addition to the human diet, and it can represent a novel target for wheat-rye introgression breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Piro
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Caritasstraat 39, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Hilde Muylle
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Caritasstraat 39, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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7
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Verbeke S, Padilla-Díaz CM, Martínez-Arias C, Goossens W, Haesaert G, Steppe K. Mechanistic modeling reveals the importance of turgor-driven apoplastic water transport in wheat stem parenchyma during carbohydrate mobilization. New Phytol 2023; 237:423-440. [PMID: 36259090 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
During stem elongation, wheat (Triticum aestivum) increases its stem carbohydrate content before anthesis as a reserve for grain filling. Hydraulic functioning during this mobilization process is not well understood, and contradictory results exist on the direct effect of drought on carbohydrate mobilization. In a dedicated experiment, wheat plants were subjected to drought stress during carbohydrate mobilization. Measurements, important to better understand stem physiology, showed some unexpected patterns that could not be explained by our current knowledge on water transport. Traditional water flow and storage models failed to properly describe the drought response in wheat stems during carbohydrate mobilization. To explain the measured patterns, hypotheses were formulated and integrated in a dedicated model for wheat. The new mechanistic model simulates two hypothetical water storage compartments: one where water is quickly exchanged with the xylem and one that contains the carbohydrate storage. Water exchange between these compartments is turgor-driven. The model was able to simulate the measured increase in stored carbohydrate concentrations with a decrease in water content and stem diameter. Calibration of the model showed the importance of turgor-driven apoplastic water flow during carbohydrate mobilization. This resulted in an increase in stem hydraulic capacitance, which became more important under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Verbeke
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carmen María Padilla-Díaz
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Clara Martínez-Arias
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Willem Goossens
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Singh RR, Ameye M, Haesaert G, Deveux M, Spanoghe P, Audenaert K, Rabasse JM, Kyndt T. β-Aminobutyric acid induced phytotoxicity and effectiveness against nematode is stereomer-specific and dose-dependent in tomato. Physiol Plant 2023; 175:e13862. [PMID: 36690578 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
β-Aminobutyric acid (BABA) induces resistance to a/biotic stress but is associated with phytotoxicity in some plant species. There are two enantiomers of BABA, the R and S enantiomers. We evaluated the phytotoxicity caused by the RS BABA (racemic mixture of R and S BABA), evaluating the dose-response effect and different modes of application on tomato. Results show that RS BABA-induced phytotoxicity in tomato is dose-dependent and stronger with foliar applications than with soil drench. We further evaluated the phytotoxicity of the two enantiomers separately and observed that BABA-induced phytotoxicity is stereomer-specific. In comparison with less phytotoxic effects induced by S BABA, R BABA induces dose-dependent and systemic phytotoxic symptoms. To investigate the possible physiological causes of this phytotoxicity, we measured levels of oxidative stress and anthocyanins and validated the findings with gene expression analyses. Our results show that high doses of RS and R BABA induce hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, and anthocyanin accumulation in tomato leaves, while this response is milder and more transient upon S BABA application. Next, we evaluated BABA induced resistance against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in tomato. BABA-induced resistance was found to be stereomer-specific and dependent on dose and mode of application. R or RS BABA multiple soil drench application at low doses induces resistance to nematodes with less phytotoxic effects. Taken together, our data provide useful knowledge on how BABA can be applied in crop production by enhancing stress tolerance and limiting phytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maarten Ameye
- Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Melissa Deveux
- Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Spanoghe
- Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Tina Kyndt
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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De Zutter A, Landschoot S, Vermeir P, Van Waes C, Muylle H, Roldán-Ruiz I, Douidah L, De Boever J, Haesaert G. Variation in potential feeding value of triticale forage among plant fraction, maturity stage, growing season and genotype. Heliyon 2022; 9:e12760. [PMID: 36685447 PMCID: PMC9849984 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereal forages, such as triticale forage, progressively gain interest as alternative crop for maize. The main study objective was to investigate the variation in potential feeding value of triticale forage among maturity stage, growing season and genotype, using total plant and stem fractions. Therefore, near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was evaluated as fast screening tool. The prediction ability was good (ratio of prediction to deviation, RPD ≥3.0) for total plant residual moisture, starch, sugars and for stem crude ash (CAsh) and neutral detergent fibre (aNDFom); suitable for screening (2.0 ≤ RPD <3.0) for total plant CAsh, acid detergent fibre (ADFom), in vitro digestibility of organic matter (IVOMD), in vitro digestibility of neutral detergent fibre (IVNDFD) and for stem total lignin (TL) and IVNDFD; poor (1.5 ≤ RPD <2.0) for total plant crude protein, crude fat, aNDFom, lignin (sa) and for stem Klason lignin (KL); unreliable (RPD <1.5) for stem residual moisture and acid soluble lignin (ASL). The evolution in potential feeding value of 36 genotypes harvested at the medium and late milk to the early, soft and hard dough stage was followed. The most important changes occurred between the late milk and early dough stage, with little variation in quality after the soft dough stage. During 2 growing seasons, variation in feeding value of 120 genotypes harvested at the soft dough stage was demonstrated. Interestingly, variation in stem IVNDFD is almost twice as high as for the total plant (CV 12.4% versus 6.6%). Furthermore, Spearman correlations show no link between dry matter yield and digestibility of genotypes harvested at the soft dough stage. Based on linear regression models ADFom appears as main predictor of both plant IVOMD and plant IVNDFD. Stem IVNDFD is particularly determined by KL.
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Key Words
- 1-VR, determination coefficient of cross-validation
- ADFom, acid detergent fibre expressed exclusive of residual ash
- CAsh, crude ash
- CELL, cellulose
- CFat, crude fat
- CP, crude protein
- CV, coefficient of variation
- DM, dry matter
- DMY, dry matter yield
- DOMY, digestible organic matter yield
- Digestibility
- Feeding value
- Forage
- GDD, growing degree days
- HCELL, hemicellulose
- IVNDFD, in vitro digestibilty of neutral detergent fibre
- IVOMD, in vitro digestibility of organic matter
- KL, Klason lignin
- Lignin (sa), lignin determined by solubilisation of cellulose with sulphuric acid
- MS, maturity stage
- MSE, mean squared error
- NIRS
- NIRS, near infrared spectroscopy
- RPD, ratio of prediction to deviation
- SECV, standard error of cross-validation
- STA, starch
- SUG, sugars
- Stem
- TL, total lignin
- Triticale
- aNDFom, neutral detergent fibre assayed with a heat stable amylase and expressed exclusive of residual ash
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneleen De Zutter
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Diepestraat 1, 9820 Bottelare, Belgium
- Corresponding author.
| | - Sofie Landschoot
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Diepestraat 1, 9820 Bottelare, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vermeir
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Van Waes
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Caritasstraat 39, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Hilde Muylle
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Caritasstraat 39, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Isabel Roldán-Ruiz
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Caritasstraat 39, 9090 Melle, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 71, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Laid Douidah
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Animal Sciences Unit, Scheldeweg 68, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Johan De Boever
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Animal Sciences Unit, Scheldeweg 68, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Diepestraat 1, 9820 Bottelare, Belgium
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Van den Eynde R, De Keukelaere L, Landschoot S, Pycke B, Claeys J, Smets S, Van Leeuwen T, Haesaert G. Spatio-temporal Influences on Cereal Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Population Dynamics and the Incidence of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus. Environ Entomol 2022; 51:1020-1029. [PMID: 35866497 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Problems with aphids in small grain cereals, either direct by feeding, or indirect by transmission of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus, are expected to increase due to climate change and a recent ban on neonicotinoid seed treatments by the European Union. Moreover, insecticide resistance against pyrethroid insecticides is reported at multiple locations throughout the world. Therefore, a better understanding of cereal aphid population dynamics and increased attention towards an integrated pest management is needed. In this study, cereal aphids were monitored on 193 maize and small grain cereal fields throughout Flanders, Belgium. The population dynamics and species distribution were observed throughout the year and the effects of spatio-temporal variables were explored. A significant negative effect was found of grassland in a 1,000 m radius and a positive effect of grain maize in a 3,000 m radius around a small grain cereals field on the maximum infestation rate with aphids in autumn within this field. In a 3,000 m and 5,000 m radius, a significant positive effect of grain maize and a significant negative effect of other small grain cereals was found on the maximum infestation rate during the whole growing season within this field. The mean daily average temperature from 118 to 19 d before sowing had a significant positive effect on the maximum infestation rate in autumn. Mean precipitation, wind speed, and humidity from 52 to 26, 46 to 23, and 107 to 13 d before sowing respectively, had a significant negative effect on the maximum infestation rate in autumn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renik Van den Eynde
- Experimental Farm Bottelare, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Bottelare, Belgium
| | - Laura De Keukelaere
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Landschoot
- Experimental Farm Bottelare, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Bottelare, Belgium
| | - Bart Pycke
- Experimental Farm Bottelare, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Bottelare, Belgium
| | | | | | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Experimental Farm Bottelare, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Bottelare, Belgium
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11
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Brahimi A, Landschoot S, Bekaert B, Hajji L, Hajjaj H, Audenaert K, Haesaert G, Mazouz H. Exploring the genetic and phenotypic diversity within and between onion (Allium cepa L.) ecotypes in Morocco. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:96. [PMID: 35780465 PMCID: PMC9250909 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00381-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Gaining insight into crop diversity, both at the genetic and phenotypic levels, is of prime importance for onion breeding with an enhanced yield and quality in combination with improved resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. In the current study, 192 different onion plants, representing 16 ecotypes, were characterized using ISSR markers. Results Based on the ISSR marker profile, there was a clear grouping of the plants into 16 different ecotypes. Though the 16 populations originated from the same geographic region in Morocco, a significant genetic diversity was detected. After a genomic characterization, field trials in three different environments in Morocco were laid out. The phenotypic characterization showed that there were always significant differences between ecotypes, and for most traits, there was also a significant environmental effect and a significant interaction between environment and ecotype. The broad-sense heritability (H2) for the phenotypic traits associated with color (L*, a*, and b*) was the largest (84.2%, 80.6%, 79.2%), demonstrating that color is conditioned primarily by genetic factors. In contrast, the H2 for yield was the lowest (41.8%), indicating that the environment has a substantial effect on yield. In addition, there was a significant association between the presence/absence of certain bands and various phenotypic traits. Conclusion ISSR markers are a powerful tool in distinguishing onion ecotypes. In addition, significant associations between marker scores and phenotypic traits could be detected, representing particular importance for future breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Brahimi
- Biotechnologies and Valorization of Biological Resources Laboratory, Faculty of Science of Meknes, University of Moulay Ismail, P.B 11201, Zitoune, Meknes, Morocco.
| | - Sofie Landschoot
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Boris Bekaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lhoussain Hajji
- Biotechnologies and Valorization of Biological Resources Laboratory, Faculty of Science of Meknes, University of Moulay Ismail, P.B 11201, Zitoune, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Hassan Hajjaj
- Biotechnologies and Valorization of Biological Resources Laboratory, Faculty of Science of Meknes, University of Moulay Ismail, P.B 11201, Zitoune, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hamid Mazouz
- Biotechnologies and Valorization of Biological Resources Laboratory, Faculty of Science of Meknes, University of Moulay Ismail, P.B 11201, Zitoune, Meknes, Morocco
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12
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Wambacq E, Alloul A, Grunert O, Carrette J, Vermeir P, Spanoghe J, Sakarika M, Vlaeminck SE, Haesaert G. Aerobes and phototrophs as microbial organic fertilizers: Exploring mineralization, fertilization and plant protection features. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262497. [PMID: 35108295 PMCID: PMC8809616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic fertilizers and especially microbial biomass, also known as microbial fertilizer, can enable a paradigm shift to the conventional fertilizer-to-food chain, particularly when produced on secondary resources. Microbial fertilizers are already common practice (e.g. Bloom® and Synagro); yet microbial fertilizer blends to align the nutrient release profile to the plant’s needs are, thus far, unexplored. Moreover, most research only focuses on direct fertilization effects without considering added value properties, such as disease prevention. This study has explored three promising types of microbial fertilizers, namely dried biomass from a consortium of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, a microalga (Arthrospira platensis) and a purple non-sulfur bacterium (Rhodobacter sphaeroides). Mineralization and nitrification experiments showed that the nitrogen mineralization profile can be tuned to the plant’s needs by blending microbial fertilizers, without having toxic ammonium peaks. In a pot trial with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), the performance of microbial fertilizers was similar to the reference organic fertilizer, with cumulative dry matter yields of 5.6–6.7 g per pot. This was confirmed in a pot trial with tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), showing an average total plant length of 90–99 cm after a growing period of 62 days for the reference organic fertilizer and the microbial fertilizers. Moreover, tomato plants artificially infected with powdery mildew (Oidium neolycopersici), a devastating disease for the horticultural industry, showed reduced disease symptoms when A. platensis was present in the growing medium. These findings strengthen the application potential of this novel class of organic fertilizers in the bioeconomy, with a promising match between nutrient mineralization and plant requirements as well as added value in crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Wambacq
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Research Centre AgroFoodNature, School of Bioscience and Industrial Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Gent, Belgium
| | - Abbas Alloul
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | | | - Jasper Carrette
- Research Centre AgroFoodNature, School of Bioscience and Industrial Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Gent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vermeir
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Janne Spanoghe
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Myrsini Sakarika
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Siegfried E Vlaeminck
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Research Centre AgroFoodNature, School of Bioscience and Industrial Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Gent, Belgium
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Mesfin A, Lachat C, Vidal A, Croubels S, Haesaert G, Ndemera M, Okoth S, Belachew T, Boevre MD, De Saeger S, Matumba L. Essential descriptors for mycotoxin contamination data in food and feed. Food Res Int 2022; 152:110883. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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14
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De Kesel J, Degroote E, Nkurunziza R, Singh RR, Demeestere K, De Kock K, Anggraini R, Matthys J, Wambacq E, Haesaert G, Debode J, Kyndt T. Cucurbitaceae COld Peeling Extracts (CCOPEs) Protect Plants From Root-Knot Nematode Infections Through Induced Resistance and Nematicidal Effects. Front Plant Sci 2022; 12:785699. [PMID: 35154177 PMCID: PMC8826469 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.785699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With nematicides progressively being banned due to their environmental impact, an urgent need for novel and sustainable control strategies has arisen. Stimulation of plant immunity, a phenomenon referred to as "induced resistance" (IR), is a promising option. In this study, Cucurbitaceae COld Peeling Extracts (CCOPEs) were shown to protect rice (Oryza sativa) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) against the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne graminicola and Meloidogyne incognita, respectively. Focusing on CCOPE derived from peels of melon (Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis; mCOPE), we unveiled that this extract combines an IR-triggering capacity with direct nematicidal effects. Under lab conditions, the observed resistance was comparable to the protection obtained by commercially available IR stimuli or nematicides. Via mRNA sequencing and confirmatory biochemical assays, it was proven that mCOPE-IR in rice is associated with systemic effects on ethylene accumulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and cell wall-related modifications. While no negative trade-offs were detected with respect to plant growth or plant susceptibility to necrotrophic pests or pathogens, additional infection experiments indicated that mCOPE may have a predominant activity toward biotrophs. In summary, the presented data illustrate a propitious potential for these extracts, which can be derived from agro-industrial waste streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas De Kesel
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Degroote
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Radisras Nkurunziza
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard Raj Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Demeestere
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karen De Kock
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Riska Anggraini
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jasper Matthys
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Wambacq
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jane Debode
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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15
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Verbeke S, Padilla-Díaz CM, Haesaert G, Steppe K. Osmotic Adjustment in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) During Pre- and Post-anthesis Drought. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:775652. [PMID: 35173756 PMCID: PMC8841719 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.775652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Pre-anthesis drought is expected to greatly increase yield losses in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), one of the most important crops worldwide. Most studies investigate the effects of pre-anthesis drought only at maturity. The physiology of the plant before anthesis and how it is affected during drought is less studied. Our study focused on physiological patterns in wheat plants during pre- and post-anthesis drought. To this end, we measured leaf xylem water potential, osmotic potential and water content in different plant parts at a high temporal frequency: every 3 days, three times a day. The experiment started just before booting until 2 weeks after flowering. Drought stress was induced by withholding irrigation with rewatering upon turgor loss, which occurred once before and once after anthesis. The goal was to investigate the patterns of osmotic adjustment, when it is used for protection against drought, and if the strategy changes during the phenological development of the plant. Our data gave no indication of daily osmotic adjustment, but did show a delicate control of the osmotic potential during drought in both leaves and stem. Under high drought stress, osmotic potential decreased to avoid further water loss. Before anthesis, rewatering restored leaf water potential and osmotic potential quickly. After anthesis, rewatering restored water potential in the flag leaves, but the osmotic potential in the stem and flag leaf remained low longer. Osmotic adjustment was thus maintained longer after anthesis, showing that the plants invest more energy in the osmotic adjustment after anthesis than before anthesis. We hypothesize that this is because the plants consider the developing ear after anthesis a more important carbohydrate sink than the stem, which is a carbohydrate sink before anthesis, to be used later as a reserve. Low osmotic potential in the stem allowed turgor maintenance, while the low osmotic potential in the flag leaf led to an increase in leaf turgor beyond the level of the control plants. This allowed leaf functioning under drought and assured that water was redirected to the flag leaf and not used to refill the stem storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Verbeke
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Sarah Verbeke
| | - Carmen María Padilla-Díaz
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Envirogenetics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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16
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Debevere S, Demeyere K, Reisinger N, Faas J, Haesaert G, Fievez V, Croubels S, Meyer E. Exploratory real-time kinetic analysis of the cytotoxicity induced by maize silage mycotoxins in a calf intestinal epithelial cell line. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2021. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2020.2651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In a temperate climate, the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), enniatin B (ENN B), mycophenolic acid (MPA), roquefortine C (ROC) and zearalenone (ZEN) are often found in maize silage. Although rumen microbiota are able to degrade some mycotoxins (e.g. DON), others are known to stay mainly intact (e.g. ROC). In addition, mycotoxin degradation can be hampered by a low ruminal pH or decrease in rumen microbial activity. Hence, these mycotoxins can reach the small intestine and exert a cytotoxic effect on intestinal epithelial cells. In this study, a real-time kinetic analysis of the cytotoxicity of these six mycotoxins and some of their metabolites (α- and β-zearalenol, α- and β-ZOL) was performed in a calf small intestinal epithelial cell line (CIEB). Confluency as well as the cell death parameters apoptosis and necrosis were determined to evaluate the mycotoxin-induced cytotoxicity. A combination of Annexin-V green and Cytotox red staining was used to determine early and late apoptosis as well as necrosis. Six different concentrations were tested ranging from 0.78 to 12.5 μM. Compared to cells not exposed to mycotoxins, DON and NIV exert a fast toxic effect with DON being more toxic than NIV within the first hours of incubation, whereas the inverse was observed at 16 h of incubation. On the other hand, MPA and ZEN induced increased Annexin V green positive cells within several hours of incubation with higher toxicity over time. Increased Annexin V green and Cytotox red positive cells were seen for ROC only at the highest concentration tested. For ENN B, increased Annexin V green positive cells were observed only after 12 h and α- and β-ZOL did not show cytotoxic effects. Hence, mycotoxin exposure causes either severe (DON and NIV) or more limited (ZEN, ROC, MPA, and ENN B) risk of bovine intestinal epithelial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Debevere
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - K. Demeyere
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - N. Reisinger
- BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - J. Faas
- BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - G. Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - V. Fievez
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - S. Croubels
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - E. Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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17
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Le D, Ameye M, De Boevre M, De Saeger S, Audenaert K, Haesaert G. Population, Virulence, and Mycotoxin Profile of Fusarium spp. Associated With Basal Rot of Allium spp. in Vietnam. Plant Dis 2021; 105:1942-1950. [PMID: 33306427 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-20-1850-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium basal rot (FBR) is particularly problematic to Allium producers worldwide. In Vietnam, information on the profile of FBR is scarce, even though the presence of Fusarium spp. in Allium plants has long been recorded. In this study, a total of 180 isolates of Fusarium spp. were recovered from Allium bulbs/plants showing symptoms of FBR in 34 commercial Allium fields around Da Lat, Lam Dong, Vietnam. These isolates were identified to the species level by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer region and the translation elongation factor 1α gene. F. oxysporum was most prevalent (81%) in samples from all locations and Allium varieties, followed by F. solani (15%) and F. proliferatum (4%), which were only found in onion (Allium cepa L.). Pathogenicity tests on onion seedlings (56 isolates) and mini bulbs (10 isolates) indicated that onion can be infected by all of these species but virulence varied greatly between isolates. Moreover, isolates that were virulent on seedlings were sometimes not virulent on bulbs and vice versa, which points to a specialization of isolates for the host phenology. Mycotoxin analyses showed that the highest amounts of beauvericin were detected in seedlings and bulbs infected by F. oxysporum, whereas F. proliferatum was mainly responsible for the presence of fumonisin B1 in bulbs, suggesting a natural occurrence of beauvericin and fumonisin B1 in onions infected by these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung Le
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Dalat University, Lamdong, Dalat 66000, Vietnam
| | - Maarten Ameye
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marthe De Boevre
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Bioanalysis, Ghent University, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Bioanalysis, Ghent University, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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18
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Najdabbasi N, Mirmajlessi SM, Dewitte K, Ameye M, Mänd M, Audenaert K, Landschoot S, Haesaert G. Green Leaf Volatile Confers Management of Late Blight Disease: A Green Vaccination in Potato. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7040312. [PMID: 33919547 PMCID: PMC8072593 DOI: 10.3390/jof7040312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Yield losses of crops due to plant pathogens are a major threat in all agricultural systems. In view of environmental issues and legislative limitations for chemical crop protection products, the need to design new environmentally friendly disease management strategies has gained interest. Despite the unique capability of green leaf volatiles (GLVs) to suppress a broad spectrum of plant pathogens, their capacity to control the potato late-blight-causing agent Phytophthora infestans has not been well studied. This study addresses the potential role of the GLV Z-3-hexenyl acetate (Z-3-HAC) in decreasing the severity of late blight and the underlying gene-based evidence leading to this effect. Nine-week-old potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) were exposed to Z-3-HAC before they were inoculated with P. infestans genotypes at different time points. These pre-exposed potato plants exhibited slower disease development after infection with the highly pathogenic genotype of P. infestans (EU-13-A2) over time. Qualitative assessment showed that the exposed, infected plants possessed significantly lower sporulation intensity and disease severity compared to the control plants. Hypersensitive response (HR)-like symptoms were observed on the treated leaves when inoculated with different pathogen genotypes. No HR-like lesions were detected on the untreated leaves after infection. It was shown that the transcript levels of several defense-related genes, especially those that are involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production pathways were significantly expressed in plants at 48 and 72 h postexposure to the Z-3-HAC. The current work provides evidence on the role of Z-3-HAC in the increased protection of potato plants against late blight through plant immunity and offers new opportunities for the sustainable control of potato diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Najdabbasi
- Department of Plants and Crops, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.M.M.); (K.D.); (M.A.); (K.A.); (S.L.); (G.H.)
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Plant Health, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014 Tartu, Estonia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Seyed Mahyar Mirmajlessi
- Department of Plants and Crops, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.M.M.); (K.D.); (M.A.); (K.A.); (S.L.); (G.H.)
| | - Kevin Dewitte
- Department of Plants and Crops, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.M.M.); (K.D.); (M.A.); (K.A.); (S.L.); (G.H.)
| | - Maarten Ameye
- Department of Plants and Crops, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.M.M.); (K.D.); (M.A.); (K.A.); (S.L.); (G.H.)
| | - Marika Mänd
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Plant Health, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014 Tartu, Estonia;
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.M.M.); (K.D.); (M.A.); (K.A.); (S.L.); (G.H.)
| | - Sofie Landschoot
- Department of Plants and Crops, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.M.M.); (K.D.); (M.A.); (K.A.); (S.L.); (G.H.)
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.M.M.); (K.D.); (M.A.); (K.A.); (S.L.); (G.H.)
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19
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Wokorach G, Landschoot S, Anena J, Audenaert K, Echodu R, Haesaert G. Mycotoxin profile of staple grains in northern Uganda: Understanding the level of human exposure and potential risks. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Van Holle A, Muylle H, Haesaert G, Naudts D, De Keukeleire D, Roldán‐Ruiz I, Van Landschoot A. Relevance of hop terroir for beer flavour. J Inst Brew 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Van Holle
- De Proefbrouwerij Doornzelestraat 20 Lochristi 9080 Belgium
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops Ghent University Coupure Links 653 Ghent 9000 Belgium
| | - Hilde Muylle
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO) Caritasstraat 39 Melle 9090 Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops Ghent University Coupure Links 653 Ghent 9000 Belgium
| | - Dirk Naudts
- De Proefbrouwerij Doornzelestraat 20 Lochristi 9080 Belgium
| | - Denis De Keukeleire
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ghent University c/o Gontrode Heirweg 115 Melle 9090 Belgium
| | - Isabel Roldán‐Ruiz
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO) Caritasstraat 39 Melle 9090 Belgium
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 71 Zwijnaarde 9052 Belgium
| | - Anita Van Landschoot
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Biotechnology Ghent University Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1 Ghent 9000 Belgium
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21
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Vandicke J, De Visschere K, Ameye M, Croubels S, De Saeger S, Audenaert K, Haesaert G. Multi-Mycotoxin Contamination of Maize Silages in Flanders, Belgium: Monitoring Mycotoxin Levels from Seed to Feed. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:202. [PMID: 33799633 PMCID: PMC7999811 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13030202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize silage, which in Europe is the main feed for dairy cattle in winter, can be contaminated by mycotoxins. Mycotoxigenic Fusarium spp. originating from field infections may survive in badly sealed silages or re-infect at the cutting edge during feed-out. In this way, mycotoxins produced in the field may persist during the silage process. In addition, typical silage fungi such as Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus spp. survive in silage conditions and produce mycotoxins. In this research, 56 maize silages in Flanders were sampled over the course of three years (2016-2018). The concentration of 22 different mycotoxins was investigated using a multi-mycotoxin liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method, and the presence of DNA of three Fusarium spp. (F. graminearum, F. culmorum and F. verticillioides) was analyzed in a selection of these samples using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Every maize silage contained at least two different mycotoxins. Nivalenol (NIV) and deoxynivalenol (DON) were the most prevalent (both in 97.7% of maize silages), followed by ENN B (88.7%). Concentrations often exceeded the EU recommendations for DON and zearalenone (ZEN), especially in 2017 (21.3% and 27.7% of the maize silages, respectively). No correlations were found between fungal DNA and mycotoxin concentrations. Furthermore, by ensiling maize with a known mycotoxin load in a net bag, the mycotoxin contamination could be monitored from seed to feed. Analysis of these net bag samples revealed that the average concentration of all detected mycotoxins decreased after fermentation. We hypothesize that mycotoxins are eluted, degraded, or adsorbed during fermentation, but certain badly preserved silages are prone to additional mycotoxin production during the stable phase due to oxygen ingression, leading to extremely high toxin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Vandicke
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.V.); (K.A.)
| | - Katrien De Visschere
- Biosciences and Food Sciences Department, Faculty Science and Technology, University College Ghent, Research Station HoGent-UGent, Diepestraat 1, 9820 Bottelare, Belgium;
| | - Maarten Ameye
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.V.); (K.A.)
| | - Siska Croubels
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Department of Bio-analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.V.); (K.A.)
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.V.); (K.A.)
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Logrieco A, Battilani P, Leggieri MC, Jiang Y, Haesaert G, Lanubile A, Mahuku G, Mesterházy A, Ortega-Beltran A, Pasti M, Smeu I, Torres A, Xu J, Munkvold G. Perspectives on Global Mycotoxin Issues and Management From the MycoKey Maize Working Group. Plant Dis 2021; 105:525-537. [PMID: 32915118 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-20-1322-fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, there have been many advances in research and technology that have greatly contributed to expanded capabilities and knowledge in detection and measurement, characterization, biosynthesis, and management of mycotoxins in maize. MycoKey, an EU-funded Horizon 2020 project, was established to advance knowledge and technology transfer around the globe to address mycotoxin impacts in key food and feed chains. MycoKey included several working groups comprising international experts in different fields of mycotoxicology. The MycoKey Maize Working Group recently convened to gather information and strategize for the development and implementation of solutions to the maize mycotoxin problem in light of current and emerging technologies. This feature summarizes the Maize WG discussion and recommendations for addressing mycotoxin problems in maize. Discussions focused on aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, and zearalenone, which are the most widespread and persistently important mycotoxins in maize. Although regional differences were recognized, there was consensus about many of the priorities for research and effective management strategies. For preharvest management, genetic resistance and selecting adapted maize genotypes, along with insect management, were among the most fruitful strategies identified across the mycotoxin groups. For postharvest management, the most important practices included timely harvest, rapid grain drying, grain cleaning, and carefully managed storage conditions. Remediation practices such as optical sorting, density separation, milling, and chemical detoxification were also suggested. Future research and communication priorities included advanced breeding technologies, development of risk assessment tools, and the development and dissemination of regionally relevant management guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Logrieco
- National Council of Research, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Battilani
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Campus di Piacenza, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Marco Camardo Leggieri
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Campus di Piacenza, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Yu Jiang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Faculty Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alessandra Lanubile
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Campus di Piacenza, Piacenza, Italy
| | - George Mahuku
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | | | - Marco Pasti
- Italian Corn Growers' Association, Eraclea, Italy
| | - Irina Smeu
- National Research & Development Institute for Food Bioresources-IBA Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adriana Torres
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, IMICO-Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Jing Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Gary Munkvold
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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Wokorach G, Landschoot S, Audenaert K, Echodu R, Haesaert G. Genetic Characterization of Fungal Biodiversity in Storage Grains: Towards Enhancing Food Safety in Northern Uganda. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020383. [PMID: 33672825 PMCID: PMC7917641 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide fungal contamination leads to both quantitative and qualitative grain losses during crop growth and/or storage. A greater proportion of grains contamination with toxins often occurs in sub-Saharan Africa, where control measures are limited. We determined fungal diversity and their toxin production ability in household grains meant for human consumption to highlight the risk of mycotoxin exposure among people from northern Uganda. The study underlines the high diversity of fungi that group into 15 genera; many of which are plant pathogens with toxigenic potential. Fusarium verticillioides was the most common fungal species isolated from household grains. The study also indicates that northern Uganda is favored by a high proportion of toxigenic isolates of F. verticillioides, F. andiyazi, and F. proliferatum, which are characterized by a high fumonisins production capability. The fumonisins production ability was not dependent on the species, grain types, and haplotype group to which the isolates belong. The contamination of most household grains with fungi capable of producing a high amount of toxin shows that most people are exposed to an elevated amount of mycotoxins, which shows the frequent problems with mycotoxins that have been reported in most parts of sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godfrey Wokorach
- Department of Plants and Crops, Campus Schoonmeersen Building C, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.L.); (K.A.); (G.H.)
- Multifunctional Research Laboratory, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sofie Landschoot
- Department of Plants and Crops, Campus Schoonmeersen Building C, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.L.); (K.A.); (G.H.)
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Campus Schoonmeersen Building C, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.L.); (K.A.); (G.H.)
| | - Richard Echodu
- Multifunctional Research Laboratory, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda;
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Campus Schoonmeersen Building C, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.L.); (K.A.); (G.H.)
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24
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Rodríguez-Yon Y, Maistro-Patreze C, Saggin-Junior OJ, Rivera RA, Quiñones M, Haesaert G, van Tuinen D. Development of a taxon-discriminating molecular marker to trace and quantify a mycorrhizal inoculum in roots and soils of agroecosystems. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021; 66:371-384. [PMID: 33534036 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-020-00844-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Crop inoculation with Glomus cubense isolate (INCAM-4, DAOM-241198) promotes yield in banana, cassava, forages, and others. Yield improvements range from 20 to 80% depending on crops, nutrient supply, and edaphoclimatic conditions. However, it is difficult to connect yield effects with G. cubense abundance in roots due to the lack of an adequate methodology to trace this taxon in the field. It is necessary to establish an accurate evaluation framework of its contribution to root colonization separated from native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). A taxon-discriminating primer set was designed based on the ITS nrDNA marker and two molecular approaches were optimized and validated (endpoint PCR and quantitative real-time PCR) to trace and quantify the G. cubense isolate in root and soil samples under greenhouse and environmental conditions. The detection limit and specificity assays were performed by both approaches. Different 18 AMF taxa were used for endpoint PCR specificity assay, showing that primers specifically amplified the INCAM-4 isolate yielding a 370 bp-PCR product. In the greenhouse, Urochloa brizantha plants inoculated with three isolates (Rhizophagus irregularis, R. clarus, and G. cubense) and environmental root and soil samples were successfully traced and quantified by qPCR. The AMF root colonization reached 41-70% and the spore number 4-128 per g of soil. This study demonstrates for the first time the feasibility to trace and quantify the G. cubense isolate using a taxon-discriminating ITS marker in roots and soils. The validated approaches reveal their potential to be used for the quality control of other mycorrhizal inoculants and their relative quantification in agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakelin Rodríguez-Yon
- Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Group, Department Biofertilizers and Plant Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas (INCA) Gaveta Postal No 1 San José de Las Lajas, 32700, Mayabeque, Cuba.
| | - Camila Maistro-Patreze
- Department of Botany, Center for Life Science and Health, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-255, Brazil
| | - Orivaldo Jose Saggin-Junior
- Mycorrhiza Laboratory, Embrapa Agrobiologia, BR 464, km 07, Bairro Ecologia, Seropédica, RJ, 23891-000, Brazil
| | - Ramón Antonio Rivera
- Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Group, Department Biofertilizers and Plant Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas (INCA) Gaveta Postal No 1 San José de Las Lajas, 32700, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Madelaine Quiñones
- Plant Pathology Group, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (CENSA), Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, V. Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Diederik van Tuinen
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, Université Bourgogne, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
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25
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Vandicke J, De Visschere K, Deconinck S, Leenknecht D, Vermeir P, Audenaert K, Haesaert G. Uncovering the biofumigant capacity of allyl isothiocyanate from several Brassicaceae crops against Fusarium pathogens in maize. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:5476-5486. [PMID: 32564371 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Driven by environmental concerns, chemical fumigants are no longer allowed in many countries. Therefore, other strategies for reducing fungal inoculum in soils and on crop debris are being explored. In the present study, several Brassicaceae crops were screened for their potential to control Fusarium gramineaum and Fusarium poae mycelial growth in an in vitro inverted Petri dish experiment. Volatile production was measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry headspace analysis. A selection of cultivars from each crop species was further investigated using a pot experiment with maize. RESULTS Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata) and brown mustard (Brassica juncea) released volatile allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and a higher concentration of AITC was correlated with a better fungal growth reduction in the in vitro screening. Brown mustard cultivar Etamine completely inhibited growth of both Fusarium spp. Pure AITC in a solution with methanol resulted in a sigmoid dose-response curve for both Fusarium spp. tested. Fusarium poae appeared to be more tolerant to AITC than F. graminearum. A pot experiment revealed that the incorporation of brown mustard plant material could alleviate the clear negative effect of F. graminearum infection on maize growth. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated the correlation between the fungistatic effect of biofumigation crops on Fusarium spp. and their production of volatile AITC in vitro, without the addition of exogenous enzymes, and confirmed the biofumigation potential of brown mustard in a pot experiment with maize. These results may help farmers when selecting a green manure crop suitable for biofumigation. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Vandicke
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien De Visschere
- Biosciences and Food Sciences Department, Faculty Science and Technology, University College Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Deconinck
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Diederik Leenknecht
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vermeir
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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26
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Venneman J, Vandermeersch L, Walgraeve C, Audenaert K, Ameye M, Verwaeren J, Steppe K, Van Langenhove H, Haesaert G, Vereecke D. Respiratory CO 2 Combined With a Blend of Volatiles Emitted by Endophytic Serendipita Strains Strongly Stimulate Growth of Arabidopsis Implicating Auxin and Cytokinin Signaling. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:544435. [PMID: 32983211 PMCID: PMC7492573 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.544435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Rhizospheric microorganisms can alter plant physiology and morphology in many different ways including through the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Here we demonstrate that VOCs from beneficial root endophytic Serendipita spp. are able to improve the performance of in vitro grown Arabidopsis seedlings, with an up to 9.3-fold increase in plant biomass. Additional changes in VOC-exposed plants comprised petiole elongation, epidermal cell and leaf area expansion, extension of the lateral root system, enhanced maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), and accumulation of high levels of anthocyanin. Notwithstanding that the magnitude of the effects was highly dependent on the test system and cultivation medium, the volatile blends of each of the examined strains, including the references S. indica and S. williamsii, exhibited comparable plant growth-promoting activities. By combining different approaches, we provide strong evidence that not only fungal respiratory CO2 accumulating in the headspace, but also other volatile compounds contribute to the observed plant responses. Volatile profiling identified methyl benzoate as the most abundant fungal VOC, released especially by Serendipita cultures that elicit plant growth promotion. However, under our experimental conditions, application of methyl benzoate as a sole volatile did not affect plant performance, suggesting that other compounds are involved or that the mixture of VOCs, rather than single molecules, accounts for the strong plant responses. Using Arabidopsis mutant and reporter lines in some of the major plant hormone signal transduction pathways further revealed the involvement of auxin and cytokinin signaling in Serendipita VOC-induced plant growth modulation. Although we are still far from translating the current knowledge into the implementation of Serendipita VOCs as biofertilizers and phytostimulants, volatile production is a novel mechanism by which sebacinoid fungi can trigger and control biological processes in plants, which might offer opportunities to address agricultural and environmental problems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Venneman
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lore Vandermeersch
- Research Group EnVOC, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Walgraeve
- Research Group EnVOC, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maarten Ameye
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Verwaeren
- Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Herman Van Langenhove
- Research Group EnVOC, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Danny Vereecke
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Spanoghe J, Grunert O, Wambacq E, Sakarika M, Papini G, Alloul A, Spiller M, Derycke V, Stragier L, Verstraete H, Fauconnier K, Verstraete W, Haesaert G, Vlaeminck SE. Storage, fertilization and cost properties highlight the potential of dried microbial biomass as organic fertilizer. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:1377-1389. [PMID: 32180337 PMCID: PMC7415357 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The transition to sustainable agriculture and horticulture is a societal challenge of global importance. Fertilization with a minimum impact on the environment can facilitate this. Organic fertilizers can play an important role, given their typical release pattern and production through resource recovery. Microbial fertilizers (MFs) constitute an emerging class of organic fertilizers and consist of dried microbial biomass, for instance produced on effluents from the food and beverage industry. In this study, three groups of organisms were tested as MFs: a high-rate consortium aerobic bacteria (CAB), the microalga Arthrospira platensis ('Spirulina') and a purple non-sulfur bacterium (PNSB) Rhodobacter sp. During storage as dry products, the MFs showed light hygroscopic activity, but the mineral and organic fractions remained stable over a storage period of 91 days. For biological tests, a reference organic fertilizer (ROF) was used as positive control, and a commercial organic growing medium (GM) as substrate. The mineralization patterns without and with plants were similar for all MFs and ROF, with more than 70% of the organic nitrogen mineralized in 77 days. In a first fertilization trial with parsley, all MFs showed equal performance compared to ROF, and the plant fresh weight was even higher with CAB fertilization. CAB was subsequently used in a follow-up trial with petunia and resulted in elevated plant height, comparable chlorophyll content and a higher amount of flowers compared to ROF. Finally, a cost estimation for packed GM with supplemented fertilizer indicated that CAB and a blend of CAB/PNSB (85%/15%) were most cost competitive, with an increase of 6% and 7% in cost compared to ROF. In conclusion, as bio-based fertilizers, MFs have the potential to contribute to sustainable plant nutrition, performing as good as a commercially available organic fertilizer, and to a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Spanoghe
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)Department of Bioscience EngineeringUniversity of AntwerpGroenenborgerlaan 1712020AntwerpenBelgium
| | - Oliver Grunert
- Greenyard Horticulture Belgium NVSkaldenstraat 7a9042GentBelgium
| | - Eva Wambacq
- Department of Plants and CropsFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityV. Vaerwyckweg 19000GentBelgium
| | - Myrsini Sakarika
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)Department of Bioscience EngineeringUniversity of AntwerpGroenenborgerlaan 1712020AntwerpenBelgium
| | - Gustavo Papini
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)Department of Bioscience EngineeringUniversity of AntwerpGroenenborgerlaan 1712020AntwerpenBelgium
| | - Abbas Alloul
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)Department of Bioscience EngineeringUniversity of AntwerpGroenenborgerlaan 1712020AntwerpenBelgium
| | - Marc Spiller
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)Department of Bioscience EngineeringUniversity of AntwerpGroenenborgerlaan 1712020AntwerpenBelgium
| | - Veerle Derycke
- Department of Plants and CropsFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityV. Vaerwyckweg 19000GentBelgium
| | | | | | | | - Willy Verstraete
- Avecom NVIndustrieweg 122P9032WondelgemBelgium
- Center for Microbial Ecology and TechnologyFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityCoupure Links 6539000GentBelgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and CropsFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityV. Vaerwyckweg 19000GentBelgium
| | - Siegfried E. Vlaeminck
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)Department of Bioscience EngineeringUniversity of AntwerpGroenenborgerlaan 1712020AntwerpenBelgium
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28
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Sakarika M, Spanoghe J, Sui Y, Wambacq E, Grunert O, Haesaert G, Spiller M, Vlaeminck SE. Purple non-sulphur bacteria and plant production: benefits for fertilization, stress resistance and the environment. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:1336-1365. [PMID: 31432629 PMCID: PMC7415370 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purple non-sulphur bacteria (PNSB) are phototrophic microorganisms, which increasingly gain attention in plant production due to their ability to produce and accumulate high-value compounds that are beneficial for plant growth. Remarkable features of PNSB include the accumulation of polyphosphate, the production of pigments and vitamins and the production of plant growth-promoting substances (PGPSs). Scattered case studies on the application of PNSB for plant cultivation have been reported for decades, yet a comprehensive overview is lacking. This review highlights the potential of using PNSB in plant production, with emphasis on three key performance indicators (KPIs): fertilization, resistance to stress (biotic and abiotic) and environmental benefits. PNSB have the potential to enhance plant growth performance, increase the yield and quality of edible plant biomass, boost the resistance to environmental stresses, bioremediate heavy metals and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Here, the mechanisms responsible for these attributes are discussed. A distinction is made between the use of living and dead PNSB cells, where critical interpretation of existing literature revealed the better performance of living cells. Finally, this review presents research gaps that remain yet to be elucidated and proposes a roadmap for future research and implementation paving the way for a more sustainable crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrsini Sakarika
- Research Group of Sustainable Air, Energy and Water TechnologyDepartment of Bioscience EngineeringUniversity of AntwerpGroenenborgerlaan 1712020AntwerpenBelgium
| | - Janne Spanoghe
- Research Group of Sustainable Air, Energy and Water TechnologyDepartment of Bioscience EngineeringUniversity of AntwerpGroenenborgerlaan 1712020AntwerpenBelgium
| | - Yixing Sui
- Research Group of Sustainable Air, Energy and Water TechnologyDepartment of Bioscience EngineeringUniversity of AntwerpGroenenborgerlaan 1712020AntwerpenBelgium
| | - Eva Wambacq
- Department of Plants and CropsFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityV. Vaerwyckweg 19000GhentBelgium
| | - Oliver Grunert
- Greenyard Horticulture Belgium NVSkaldenstraat 7a9042GentBelgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and CropsFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityV. Vaerwyckweg 19000GhentBelgium
| | - Marc Spiller
- Research Group of Sustainable Air, Energy and Water TechnologyDepartment of Bioscience EngineeringUniversity of AntwerpGroenenborgerlaan 1712020AntwerpenBelgium
| | - Siegfried E. Vlaeminck
- Research Group of Sustainable Air, Energy and Water TechnologyDepartment of Bioscience EngineeringUniversity of AntwerpGroenenborgerlaan 1712020AntwerpenBelgium
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29
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Van Boxstael F, Aerts H, Linssen S, Latré J, Christiaens A, Haesaert G, Dierickx I, Brusselle J, De Keyzer W. A comparison of the nutritional value of Einkorn, Emmer, Khorasan and modern wheat: whole grains, processed in bread, and population-level intake implications. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:4108-4118. [PMID: 32246458 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interest in alternatives to the traditional wheat Triticum aestivum among farmers, millers, bakers, and consumers is increasing. The Altergrain project aimed to compare the Belgian-soil cultivated Einkorn (1K), Emmer (EMM), Khorasan (KH), and modern wheat (MW) with respect to nutritional values of kernels, breads made from these cereals, and population-level nutrient intake implications. RESULTS Ancient wheats 1K, EMM, and KH contain lower total carbohydrate content than MW. Further, ancient wheats are higher in both protein and crude ash content. Vitamin E levels in breads prepared using 1K and EMM were higher than those in MW, but those prepared from KH had lower vitamin E levels than MW. Breads prepared using ancient wheats have higher total phenol content (TPC) than those from MW. Baking caused a decrease in vitamin E and TPC in bread prepared from ancient wheat, the exception being the one prepared using KH, which had a higher TPC than MW. When replacing bread made from MW with those made from ancient grains, no differences were observed with respect to conformance with the Belgian Recommend Daily Requirements. CONCLUSION Ancient wheats from Belgian soil are as nutritive as MWs even after being processed into bread. At the kernel level, nutritional differences are present, but only small differences are present in terms of nutritional intake when nutrition parameters are calculated for consumed bread. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Van Boxstael
- School of Bioscience and Industrial Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts (HOGENT), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hanna Aerts
- School of Bioscience and Industrial Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts (HOGENT), Ghent, Belgium
- School of Healthcare, University of Applied Sciences and Arts (HOGENT), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Linssen
- School of Bioscience and Industrial Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts (HOGENT), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joos Latré
- School of Bioscience and Industrial Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts (HOGENT), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anneline Christiaens
- School of Bioscience and Industrial Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts (HOGENT), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University (UGent), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Dierickx
- School of Business and Management, University of Applied Sciences and Arts (HOGENT), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joeri Brusselle
- School of Business and Management, University of Applied Sciences and Arts (HOGENT), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Willem De Keyzer
- School of Bioscience and Industrial Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts (HOGENT), Ghent, Belgium
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30
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Fernandez-Gallego JA, Lootens P, Borra-Serrano I, Derycke V, Haesaert G, Roldán-Ruiz I, Araus JL, Kefauver SC. Automatic wheat ear counting using machine learning based on RGB UAV imagery. Plant J 2020; 103:1603-1613. [PMID: 32369641 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In wheat (Triticum aestivum L) and other cereals, the number of ears per unit area is one of the main yield-determining components. An automatic evaluation of this parameter may contribute to the advance of wheat phenotyping and monitoring. There is no standard protocol for wheat ear counting in the field, and moreover it is time consuming. An automatic ear-counting system is proposed using machine learning techniques based on RGB (red, green, blue) images acquired from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Evaluation was performed on a set of 12 winter wheat cultivars with three nitrogen treatments during the 2017-2018 crop season. The automatic system uses a frequency filter, segmentation and feature extraction, with different classification techniques, to discriminate wheat ears in micro-plot images. The relationship between the image-based manual counting and the algorithm counting exhibited high levels of accuracy and efficiency. In addition, manual ear counting was conducted in the field for secondary validation. The correlations between the automatic and the manual in-situ ear counting with grain yield were also compared. Correlations between the automatic ear counting and grain yield were stronger than those between manual in-situ counting and GY, particularly for the lower nitrogen treatment. Methodological requirements and limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Fernandez-Gallego
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- AGROTECNIO (Center for Research in Agrotechnology), Av. Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, 25198, Spain
- Programa de Ingeniería Electrónica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Ibagué, Carrera 22 Calle 67, Ibagué, 730001, Colombia
| | - Peter Lootens
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Caritasstraat 39, Melle, 9090, Belgium
| | - Irene Borra-Serrano
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Caritasstraat 39, Melle, 9090, Belgium
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Veerle Derycke
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Isabel Roldán-Ruiz
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Caritasstraat 39, Melle, 9090, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Jose L Araus
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- AGROTECNIO (Center for Research in Agrotechnology), Av. Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Shawn C Kefauver
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- AGROTECNIO (Center for Research in Agrotechnology), Av. Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, 25198, Spain
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31
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Van den Eynde R, Van Leeuwen T, Haesaert G. Identifying drivers of spatio-temporal dynamics in barley yellow dwarf virus epidemiology as a critical factor in disease control. Pest Manag Sci 2020; 76:2548-2556. [PMID: 32248658 PMCID: PMC7383682 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is one of the most important viral diseases of small grains worldwide. An understanding of its epidemiology is crucial to control this disease in a sustainable way. The virus moves through the agricultural landscape via cereal aphids as vectors. Understanding movement of these aphids in space and time is of key importance and in doing so, the spatial and temporal variables that influence BYDV epidemiology can be identified. The presence of summer hosts, crop rotation, crop diversity, agricultural practices and climate variables are crucial. Through digitalization, spatial (e.g. land-use) and temporal (e.g. weather) information is becoming more readily available. Including this information into a prediction model could improve decision support systems that will rationalize the decision-making process towards a more integrated control of the disease. © 2020 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renik Van den Eynde
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityBottelareBelgium
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
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32
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Debevere S, Schatzmayr D, Reisinger N, Aleschko M, Haesaert G, Rychlik M, Croubels S, Fievez V. Evaluation of the Efficacy of Mycotoxin Modifiers and Mycotoxin Binders by Using an In Vitro Rumen Model as a First Screening Tool. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12060405. [PMID: 32575465 PMCID: PMC7354577 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12060405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruminal microbiota of cattle are not able to detoxify all mycotoxins. In addition, detoxification can be hampered by adverse ruminal conditions (e.g., low ruminal pH). Hence, in the cattle husbandry, mycotoxin binders and modifiers could be used to prevent animal exposure to mycotoxins. In this study, an in vitro rumen model, including feed matrix, was established as first screening tool to test the efficacy of five products claiming to detoxify mycotoxins. The detoxifiers had different modes of action: (a) binding (three products); (b) enzymatic detoxification of zearalenone (ZEN; one product, ZenA); and (c) bacterial transformation of trichothecenes (one product, BBSH 797). For the mycotoxin binders, the binding to the mycotoxins enniatin B (ENN B), roquefortine C (ROQ-C), mycophenolic acid (MPA), deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), and zearalenone (ZEN) were tested at a dose recommended by the manufacturers. The in vitro model demonstrated that all binders adsorbed ENN B to a certain extent, while only one of the binders also partially adsorbed ROQ-C. The binders did not change the concentrations of the other mycotoxins in the ruminal fluid. The enzyme ZenA detoxified ZEN very quickly and prevented the formation of the more toxic metabolite α-zearalenol (α-ZEL), both at normal (6.8) and low ruminal pH (5.8). The addition of BBSH 797 enhanced detoxification of DON and NIV, both at normal and low ruminal pH. The in vitro rumen model demonstrated that the addition of ZenA seems to be a very promising strategy to prevent estrogenic effects of ZEN contaminated feed, and BBSH 797 is efficient in the detoxification of trichothecenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Debevere
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (S.D.); (S.C.)
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dian Schatzmayr
- BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (D.S.); (N.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Nicole Reisinger
- BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (D.S.); (N.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Markus Aleschko
- BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (D.S.); (N.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Michael Rychlik
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354 Freising, Germany;
| | - Siska Croubels
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (S.D.); (S.C.)
| | - Veerle Fievez
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-9-264-9002
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33
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Venneman J, De Tender C, Debode J, Audenaert K, Baert G, Vermeir P, Cremelie P, Bekaert B, Landschoot S, Thienpondt B, Djailo BD, Vereecke D, Haesaert G. Sebacinoids within rhizospheric fungal communities associated with subsistence farming in the Congo Basin: a needle in each haystack. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 95:5524361. [PMID: 31247636 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique ecosystem of the Congolese rainforest has only scarcely been explored for its plant-fungal interactions. Here, we characterized the root fungal communities of field-grown maize and of Panicum from adjacent borders in the Congo Basin and assessed parameters that could shape them. The soil properties indicated that comparable poor soil conditions prevailed in fields and borders, illustrating the low input character of local subsistence farming. The rhizosphere fungal communities, dominated by ascomycetous members, were structured by plant species, slash-and-burn practices and soil P, pH and C/N ratio. Examining fungi with potential plant growth-promoting abilities, the glomeromycotan communities appeared to be affected by the same parameters, whereas the inconspicuous symbionts of the order Sebacinales seemed less susceptible to environmental and anthropogenic factors. Notwithstanding the low abundances at which they were detected, sebacinoids occurred in 87% of the field samples, implying that they represent a consistent taxon within indigenous fungal populations across smallholder farm sites. Pending further insight into their ecosystem functionality, these data suggest that Sebacinales are robust root inhabitants that might be relevant for on-farm inoculum development within sustainable soil fertility management in the Sub-Saharan region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Venneman
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, BE-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Caroline De Tender
- Plant Sciences Unit, Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Burg. Van Gansberghelaan 96, BE-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S9, BE-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jane Debode
- Plant Sciences Unit, Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Burg. Van Gansberghelaan 96, BE-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, BE-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Baert
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, BE-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vermeir
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis (LCA), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, BE-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Cremelie
- Plant Sciences Unit, Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Burg. Van Gansberghelaan 96, BE-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Boris Bekaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, BE-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Landschoot
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, BE-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Thienpondt
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, BE-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benoît Dhed'a Djailo
- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, Kisangani University, B.P. 2012, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Danny Vereecke
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, BE-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, BE-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Abdallah MF, Audenaert K, Lust L, Landschoot S, Bekaert B, Haesaert G, De Boevre M, De Saeger S. Risk characterization and quantification of mycotoxins and their producing fungi in sugarcane juice: A neglected problem in a widely-consumed traditional beverage. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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35
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Ameye M, Van Meulebroek L, Meuninck B, Vanhaecke L, Smagghe G, Haesaert G, Audenaert K. Metabolomics Reveal Induction of ROS Production and Glycosylation Events in Wheat Upon Exposure to the Green Leaf Volatile Z-3-Hexenyl Acetate. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:596271. [PMID: 33343599 PMCID: PMC7744478 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.596271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The activation and priming of plant defense upon perception of green leaf volatiles (GLVs) have often been reported. However, information as to which metabolic pathways in plants are affected by GLVs remains elusive. We report the production of reactive oxygen species in the tip of young wheat leaves followed by activation of antioxidant-related enzyme activity. In this study, we aimed to uncover metabolic signatures upon exposure to the GLV Z-3-hexenyl acetate (Z-3-HAC). By using an untargeted metabolomics approach, we observed changes in the phenylpropanoid pathways which yield metabolites that are involved in many anti-oxidative processes. Furthermore, exposure to GLV, followed by infection with Fusarium graminearum (Fg), induced significantly greater changes in the phenylpropanoid pathway compared to a sole Z-3-HAC treatment. Fragmentation of a selection of metabolites, which are significantly more upregulated in the Z-3-HAC + Fg treatment, showed D-glucose to be present as a substructure. This suggests that Z-3-HAC induces early glycosylation processes in plants. Additionally, we identified the presence of hexenyl diglycosides, which indicates that aerial Z-3-HAC is metabolized in the leaves by glycosyltransferases. Together these data indicate that GLV Z-3-HAC is taken up by leaves and incites oxidative stress. This subsequently results in the modulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway and an induction of glycosylation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Ameye
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Maarten Ameye,
| | - Lieven Van Meulebroek
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bianca Meuninck
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Kris Audenaert,
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Vandicke J, De Visschere K, Croubels S, De Saeger S, Audenaert K, Haesaert G. Mycotoxins in Flanders' Fields: Occurrence and Correlations with Fusarium Species in Whole-Plant Harvested Maize. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E571. [PMID: 31752071 PMCID: PMC6920824 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are well-known contaminants of several food- and feedstuffs, including silage maize for dairy cattle. Climate change and year-to-year variations in climatic conditions may cause a shift in the fungal populations infecting maize, and therefore alter the mycotoxin load. In this research, 257 maize samples were taken from fields across Flanders, Belgium, over the course of three years (2016-2018) and analyzed for 22 different mycotoxins using a multi-mycotoxin liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. DNA of Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum and F. verticillioides was quantified using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Multi-mycotoxin contamination occurred frequently, with 47% of samples containing five or more mycotoxins. Nivalenol (NIV) was the most prevalent mycotoxin, being present in 99% of the samples, followed by deoxynivalenol (DON) in 86% and zearalenone (ZEN) in 50% of the samples. Fumonisins (FUMs) were found in only 2% of the samples in the wet, cold year of 2016, but in 61% in the extremely hot and dry year of 2018. Positive correlations were found between DON and NIV and between F. graminearum and F. culmorum, among others. FUM concentrations were not correlated with any other mycotoxin, nor with any Fusarium sp., except F. verticillioides. These results show that changing weather conditions can influence fungal populations and the corresponding mycotoxin contamination of maize significantly, and that multi-mycotoxin contamination increases the risk of mycotoxicosis in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Vandicke
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Katrien De Visschere
- Biosciences and Food Sciences Department, Faculty Science and Technology, University College Ghent, Research Station HoGent-UGent, Diepestraat 1, 9820 Bottelare, Belgium;
| | - Siska Croubels
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Department of Bio-analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
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Echodu R, Maxwell Malinga G, Moriku Kaducu J, Ovuga E, Haesaert G. Prevalence of aflatoxin, ochratoxin and deoxynivalenol in cereal grains in northern Uganda: Implication for food safety and health. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:1012-1017. [PMID: 31673503 PMCID: PMC6816138 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination of cereals is a significant health risk for humans and animals, particularly in developing countries. To gain insight into food safety related to agricultural practices, we assessed levels of mycotoxin contamination in 105 samples of food grains raised and stored for consumption by rural households in the post-conflict districts of Kitgum and Lamwo in Northern Uganda. Aflatoxin, ochratoxin and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination was assessed by quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Total aflatoxin in the foods analyzed varied from nd (not detected) to 68.2 μg/Kg. Ochratoxin ranged from 0.1 to 16.4 μg/Kg. DON ranged from nd to 2606 μg/Kg. The mean concentration of total aflatoxins was significantly higher (P = 0.002) in sorghum than in millet, maize and sesame seeds. Frequency of co-occurrence of two mycotoxins ranged from 8.3 to 100%, with the highest being aflatoxin and ochratoxin in sorghum. Co-occurrence of all three mycotoxins ranged from 8.3 to 35.3%, with the highest again being in sorghum. Mean levels of aflatoxins concentration in sorghum samples were 11.8 μg/Kg, exceeding the Ugandan national regulatory limits of 10 μg/Kg. Furthermore, 46.5% of the sorghum consumed in both districts exceeded this limit, and 86.1% of sorghum samples exceeded the European Union (E.U.) maximum tolerable limit of 4 μg/Kg. The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) and Hazard Indices (HI) values were in the range of 1.2 × 10-5-91.521 and 1.3 × 10-7 to 0.0059, respectively. In conclusion, our results provide evidence of high levels of mycotoxin contamination and co-occurrence in food grains in Northern Uganda with aflatoxins and ochratoxins at high levels in all the cereal types analyzed. Consumption of cereals cultivated in this region poses no health risk of mycotoxins exposure since HI values obtained were less than 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Echodu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
- Gulu University Bioscience Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Geoffrey Maxwell Malinga
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Joyce Moriku Kaducu
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Emilio Ovuga
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium
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Dayan FE, Haesaert G, Van Leeuwen T, Holden-Dye L, Crossthwaite A, Nauen R. Pesticides Modes of Action and Resistance: A Perspective from the 2019 IUPAC Congress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1564/v30_aug_04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Van de Vijver E, Landschoot S, Van Roie M, Temmerman F, Dillen J, De Ceuleners K, Smagghe G, De Baets B, Haesaert G. Inter- and Intrafield Distribution of Cereal Leaf Beetle Species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Belgian Winter Wheat. Environ Entomol 2019; 48:276-283. [PMID: 30715239 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cereal leaf beetles (CLBs), a group of chrysomelid beetles of the genus Oulema (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), are well-known pest insects of small-grain cereals in many countries of the Northern hemisphere. Due to the small differences in morphology of species within this genus, classification up to species level remains a challenging task. Since an accurate view of species composition is important for developing targeted control strategies, the goal of this study was to unravel the Oulema species composition in Flanders' wheat fields. During three subsequent years at a series of different fields, Oulema species were collected and classified up to species level (2016: 28 fields, 2017: 30 fields, and 2018: 23 fields). This study reveals that the population consists of four different species: Oulema melanopus, Oulema duftschmidi, and Oulema obscura were most frequently encountered, while Oulema rufocyanea was only marginally present. Furthermore, the population was highly dynamic, as the population share of each species varied between different growing seasons and between the various sampling events within each season. The distance from the field edge had a minor influence on the species composition, but the abundance of beetles increased with the distance to the field edge. A discriminant analysis revealed that based on the measurements of various body parts, an accurate classification up to species level is possible. In conclusion, we observed that the population densities fluctuated within and between years, resulting in variable incidence of CLB in winter wheat fields in the Flanders region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Van de Vijver
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Landschoot
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martijn Van Roie
- Department of Biology - Ecosystem management research group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Biodiversity Inventory for Conservation npo (BINCO), Walmersumstraat, Glabbeek, Belgium
| | - Femke Temmerman
- Department of Organic Production, Inagro, Ieperseweg, Rumbeke-Beitem, Belgium
| | - Jill Dillen
- Soil Service of Belgium vzw, Willem de Croylaan, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Kevin De Ceuleners
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bernard De Baets
- KERMIT, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Van Holle A, Muylle H, Ruttink T, Van Landschoot A, Haesaert G, Naudts D, De Keukeleire D, Roldán-Ruiz I. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Biochemical Markers As Complementary Tools To Characterize Hops ( Humulus lupulus L.) in Brewing Practice. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:3761-3771. [PMID: 30896165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In brewing practice, the use of the appropriate hop variety is essential to produce consistent and high-quality beers. Yet, hop batches of the same variety cultivated in different geographical regions can display significant biochemical differences, resulting in specific taste- and aroma-related characteristics in beer. In this study, we illustrate the complementarity of genetic and biochemical fingerprinting methods to fully characterize hop batches. Using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), a set of 1 830 polymorphic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers generated 48 unique genetic fingerprints for a collection of 56 commercial hop varieties. Three groups of varieties, consisting of somaclonal variants, could not be further differentiated using this set of markers. Biochemical marker information offered added value to characterize hop samples from a given variety grown at different geographical locations. We demonstrate the power of combining genetic and biochemical fingerprints for quality control of hop batches in the brewing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Van Holle
- Faculty of Bioengineering Sciences, Department of Plants and Crops , Ghent University , Coupure Links 653 , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
- De Proefbrouwerij , Doornzelestraat 20 , 9080 Lochristi , Belgium
| | - Hilde Muylle
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO) , Caritasstraat 39 , 9090 Melle , Belgium
| | - Tom Ruttink
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO) , Caritasstraat 39 , 9090 Melle , Belgium
| | - Anita Van Landschoot
- Faculty of Bioengineering Sciences, Department of Biotechnology , Ghent University , Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1 , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Faculty of Bioengineering Sciences, Department of Plants and Crops , Ghent University , Coupure Links 653 , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Dirk Naudts
- De Proefbrouwerij , Doornzelestraat 20 , 9080 Lochristi , Belgium
| | - Denis De Keukeleire
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ghent University , c/o Gontrode Heirweg 115 , 9090 Melle , Belgium
| | - Isabel Roldán-Ruiz
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO) , Caritasstraat 39 , 9090 Melle , Belgium
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics , Ghent University , Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 71 , 9052 Zwijnaarde , Belgium
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F Abdallah M, De Boevre M, Landschoot S, De Saeger S, Haesaert G, Audenaert K. Fungal Endophytes Control Fusarium graminearum and Reduce Trichothecenes and Zearalenone in Maize. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10120493. [PMID: 30477214 PMCID: PMC6316275 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10120493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum can cause Giberella Ear Rot (GER) and seedling blight in maize, resulting in major yield losses. Besides GER, the infected grains are consequently contaminated with multiple mycotoxins of F. graminearum. Zearalenone and trichothecenes, such as deoxynivalenol and its acetylated forms, are among the major mycotoxins associated with F. graminearum infection in maize. In the current work, we explored the effect of the endophytic fungal genera of Epicoccum and Sordaria, to control F. graminearum infection in comparative trials with Piriformospora spp., an elusive endophytic genus. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of these endophytes on zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol levels using in vitro and in planta assays. As plants are endowed with several detoxification mechanisms comprising e.g., glucosylation of trichothecenes, the effect of the isolated fungal endophytes on the deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside level was also assessed. In general, results showed a considerable variability in the antifungal activity, both among species and among isolates within one species. Additionally, the effect on mycotoxin levels was variable, and not necessarily related to the antifungal activity except for zearalenone levels which were consistently reduced by the endophytes. These results highlight the great potential of certain endophytic fungal strains as new biocontrol agents in agricultural science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F Abdallah
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marthe De Boevre
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Sofie Landschoot
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Ameye M, Allmann S, Verwaeren J, Smagghe G, Haesaert G, Schuurink RC, Audenaert K. Green leaf volatile production by plants: a meta-analysis. New Phytol 2018; 220:666-683. [PMID: 28665020 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
666 I. Introduction 667 II. Biosynthesis 667 III. Meta-analysis 669 IV. The type of stress influences the total amount of GLVs released 669 V. Herbivores can modulate the wound-induced release of GLVs 669 VI. Fungal infection greatly induces GLV production 672 VII. Monocots and eudicots respond differentially to different types of stress 673 VIII. The type of stress does not influence the proportion of GLVs per chemical class 673 IX. The type of stress does influence the isomeric ratio within each chemical class 674 X. GLVs: from signal perception to signal transduction 676 XI. GLVs influence the C/N metabolism 677 XII. Interaction with plant hormones 678 XIII. General conclusions and unanswered questions 678 Acknowledgements 679 References 679 SUMMARY: Plants respond to stress by releasing biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). Green leaf volatiles (GLVs), which are abundantly produced across the plant kingdom, comprise an important group within the BVOCs. They can repel or attract herbivores and their natural enemies; and they can induce plant defences or prime plants for enhanced defence against herbivores and pathogens and can have direct toxic effects on bacteria and fungi. Unlike other volatiles, GLVs are released almost instantly upon mechanical damage and (a)biotic stress and could thus function as an immediate and informative signal for many organisms in the plant's environment. We used a meta-analysis approach in which data from the literature on GLV production during biotic stress responses were compiled and interpreted. We identified that different types of attackers and feeding styles add a degree of complexity to the amount of emitted GLVs, compared with wounding alone. This meta-analysis illustrates that there is less variation in the GLV profile than we presumed, that pathogens induce more GLVs than insects and wounding, and that there are clear differences in GLV emission between monocots and dicots. Besides the meta-analysis, this review provides an update on recent insights into the perception and signalling of GLVs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Ameye
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Silke Allmann
- Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94215, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Verwaeren
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robert C Schuurink
- Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94215, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Echodu R, Edema H, Malinga GM, Hendy A, Colebunders R, Moriku Kaducu J, Ovuga E, Haesaert G. Is nodding syndrome in northern Uganda linked to consumption of mycotoxin contaminated food grains? BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:678. [PMID: 30249286 PMCID: PMC6154931 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3774-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nodding syndrome (NS) is a type of epilepsy characterized by repeated head-nodding seizures that appear in previously healthy children between 3 and 18 years of age. In 2012, during a WHO International Meeting on NS in Kampala, Uganda, it was recommended that fungal contamination of foods should be investigated as a possible cause of the disease. We therefore aimed to assess whether consumption of fungal mycotoxins contributes to NS development. RESULTS We detected similar high levels of total aflatoxin and ochratoxin in mostly millet, sorghum, maize and groundnuts in both households with and without children with NS. Furthermore, there was no significant association between concentrations of total aflatoxin, ochratoxin and doxynivalenol and the presence of children with NS in households. In conclusion, our results show no supporting evidence for the association of NS with consumption of mycotoxins in contaminated foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Echodu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
- Gulu University Bioscience Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Hilary Edema
- Gulu University Bioscience Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Geoffrey Maxwell Malinga
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Adam Hendy
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
| | | | - Joyce Moriku Kaducu
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Emilio Ovuga
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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Geremew T, Haesaert G, Abate D, Audenaert K. An HPLC-FLD method to measure ochratoxin A in teff (Eragrostis tef) and wheat (Triticum spp.) destined for the local Ethiopian market. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2018. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2017.2175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum spp.) is among the top cereal grains in terms of production and consumption in Ethiopia. It can be typically infected with ochratoxin A (OTA) producing fungi both in the field and during storage resulting in animal and human health problems. While there is a wealth of information on the presence of OTA in wheat, the incidence of OTA in teff (Eragrostis tef), a cereal grain produced and consumed traditionally in Ethiopia and Eretria, remains insufficient. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for OTA analysis in teff and wheat flours and to analyse the characteristic distribution of OTA in teff and wheat flours samples destined for local consumption in Ethiopia using a survey-approach. Wheat and teff flour samples were examined for OTA contamination. OTA was detected in 20% of the teff flour samples and in 50% of the wheat flour samples with median contamination levels of 1.04 μg/kg (limit of detection (LOD) = 0.78 μg/kg) and 7.23 μg/kg (LOD = 0.58 μg/kg) respectively. The validated method for OTA detection and quantification in teff and wheat using HPLC meets the European Union performance criteria for OTA (EC 2006/401) and the Eurachem Guideline validation requirements. An insight into the occurrence of OTA in teff is very valuable because the cereal might provide a lower OTA risk alternative for wheat in Ethiopia. In addition, for the world market, an insight into the occurrence of OTA in teff is important in the light of an increasing interest in teff as a gluten free cereal.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Geremew
- Department of Microbial Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - G. Haesaert
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - D. Abate
- Department of Microbial Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - K. Audenaert
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Kamala A, Kimanya M, De Meulenaer B, Kolsteren P, Jacxsens L, Haesaert G, Kilango K, Magoha H, Tiisekwa B, Lachat C. Post-harvest interventions decrease aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination in maize and subsequent dietary exposure in Tanzanian infants: a cluster randomised-controlled trial. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2018. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2017.2234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A cluster randomised controlled trial was performed in three agro-ecological zones of Tanzania to evaluate the effectiveness of locally available post-harvest mitigation strategies in preventing and reducing aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination in maize. A total of 300 children, each from one household, were randomly selected from 30 villages (intervention: n=15). The mitigation strategies focused on hand sorting (prior to storage and use), drying maize on mat/raised platforms, proper sun drying, application of storage insecticides and de-hulling before milling. Maize sample was collected from each household at harvest (baseline) and six months after harvest. Maize intake by each child, estimated using the 24 h dietary recall technique and its body weight measured using standard procedures were taken at six months after harvest. Aflatoxins and fumonisins in the maize samples were determined using HPLC. Follow-up (six month after harvest) data were available for 261 of the 300 households (intervention: n=136). Mean concentration of aflatoxins, or fumonisins was significantly (P<0.05) lower in the intervention than in the control group: intervention effects: μg/kg (95% confidence interval (CI)) -4.9 (-7.3,-2.5), and -405, (-647,-162), respectively. The difference corresponds to 83 and 70% for aflatoxins, and fumonisins, respectively. At the end of the intervention, aflatoxin and fumonisin estimated mean intakes were lower in the intervention than in the control group by 78 and 65%, respectively. Six months after harvest, prevalence of underweight in the intervention group was 6.7% lower (P=0.014) than in the control group. Mean weight-for-age Z-score difference between the groups was 0.57 (95% CI; 0.16,-0.98; P=0.007). Post-harvest practices are effective in preventing and reducing aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination in maize and subsequent dietary exposure to infants. The interventions may be applied in these and other communities with similar environmental conditions or agricultural practices that favour production of aflatoxin and fumonisins in food crops. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02438774.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Kamala
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, partner in Food2Know, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Directorate of Food Safety, Tanzania Food and Drugs Authority, P.O. Box 77150, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - M. Kimanya
- School of Life Sciences and Bio-Engineering, the Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania
- Department of Rural Economy and Agriculture, African Union Commission, P.O. Box 3243, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - B. De Meulenaer
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, partner in Food2Know, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - P. Kolsteren
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, partner in Food2Know, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - L. Jacxsens
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, partner in Food2Know, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - G. Haesaert
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - K. Kilango
- Directorate of Food Safety, Tanzania Food and Drugs Authority, P.O. Box 77150, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - H. Magoha
- Department of Home Economics and Human Nutrition, Open University of Tanzania (OUT), P.O. Box 23409, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - B. Tiisekwa
- College of Agriculture, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3005, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - C. Lachat
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, partner in Food2Know, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Van de Vijver E, Landschoot S, Smagghe G, De Baets B, Temmerman F, Dillen J, Haesaert G. Potentials and Limitations of a Growing Degree Day Approach to Predict the Phenology of Cereal Leaf Beetles. Environ Entomol 2018; 47:1039-1046. [PMID: 29873690 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvy081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cereal leaf beetles (CLBs) are described as an invasive pest of small grain cereals in many regions worldwide. Prediction models aimed to prevent yield losses caused by these feeding insects have been developed by researchers all over the world. As a foundation for many of these prediction models, it is known that a specific number of heat units, or growing degree days (GDDs), is required for an insect to complete a certain physiological process. In this paper, we overview the existing GDD models for CLBs. Furthermore, we used our Belgian input data to compare model predictions with our own observations. Though, the existing models were not able to predict the seasonal trends present in our data: the occurrence of various life stages were monitored earlier then the model predicted. Hence, a weighted GDD model was tested on the data as well: the accumulated GDDs during certain periods were balanced according to the significance of this period for the insect. Rainfall and/or relative humidity were included as well. Based on these selected variables, multiple linear regression models, ridge regression models, and regression trees were fitted. This approach performed considerably better compared to the simple accumulation of GDD. However, based on cross-year cross-location validation method, to gain insight in the future performance of the models, the accuracy was still too low to serve as an accurate warning tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Van de Vijver
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Landschoot
- KERMIT, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bernard De Baets
- KERMIT, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Femke Temmerman
- Department of Organic Production, Inagro, Ieperseweg, Rumbeke Beitem, Belgium
| | - Jill Dillen
- Soil Service of Belgium vzw, Willem de Croylaan, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links, Ghent, Belgium
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Schelfhout S, De Schrijver A, Verheyen K, De Beelde R, Haesaert G, Mertens J. Phosphorus mining efficiency declines with decreasing soil P concentration and varies across crop species. Int J Phytoremediation 2018; 20:939-946. [PMID: 29873538 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2018.1448363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
High soil P concentrations hinder ecological restoration of biological communities typical for nutrient-poor soils. Phosphorus mining, i.e., growing crops with fertilization other than P, might reduce soil P concentrations. However, crop species have different P-uptake rates and can affect subsequent P removal in crop rotation, both of which may also vary with soil P concentration. In a pot experiment with three soil-P-levels (High-P: 125-155 mg POlsen/kg; Mid-P: 51-70 mg POlsen/kg; Low-P: 6-21 mg POlsen/kg), we measured how much P was removed by five crop species (buckwheat, maize, sunflower, flax, and triticale). Total P removal decreased with soil-P-level and depended upon crop identity. Buckwheat and maize removed most P from High-P and Mid-P soils and triticale removed less P than buckwheat, maize, and sunflower at every soil-P-level. The difference in P removal between crops was, however, almost absent in Low-P soils. Absolute and relative P removal with seeds depended upon crop species and, for maize and triticale, also upon soil-P-level. None of the previously grown crop species significantly affected P removal by the follow-up crop (perennial ryegrass). We can conclude that for maximizing P removal, buckwheat or maize could be grown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Schelfhout
- a Forest & Nature Lab , Department of Environment , Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University , Gontrode ( Melle ), Belgium
| | - An De Schrijver
- a Forest & Nature Lab , Department of Environment , Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University , Gontrode ( Melle ), Belgium
- b Faculty of Science and Technology, University College Ghent , Melle , Belgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- a Forest & Nature Lab , Department of Environment , Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University , Gontrode ( Melle ), Belgium
| | - Robbe De Beelde
- a Forest & Nature Lab , Department of Environment , Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University , Gontrode ( Melle ), Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- c Department of Plants and Crops , Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Jan Mertens
- a Forest & Nature Lab , Department of Environment , Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University , Gontrode ( Melle ), Belgium
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Wambacq E, Audenaert K, Höfte M, De Saeger S, Haesaert G. Bacillus velezensis as antagonist towards Penicillium roqueforti s.l. in silage: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:986-996. [PMID: 29873155 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study was conducted to evaluate the antagonistic effect of Bacillus velezensisNRRL B-23189 towards Penicillium roqueforti s.s. and Penicillium paneum (designated together as P. roqueforti s.l.) in silage conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS Corn silage conditions were simulated in vitro, and the impact of B. velezensis culture supernatant or cell suspension on P. roqueforti s.l. growth and roquefortine C production was evaluated. The antagonism was promising, but growth of B. velezensis in corn silage infusion was poor. Additionally, an in vivo experiment was carried out with mini-silos containing a mixture of perennial ryegrass and white clover inoculated with P. roqueforti s.l. The applied B. velezensis cell suspension was unsuccessful in reducing P. roqueforti s.l. numbers, but did not compromise the silage acidification. CONCLUSIONS Although the antagonism observed in vitro was promising, the applied B. velezensis cell suspension could not live up to the expectations in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY To our knowledge, the present study is the first one evaluating the antagonistic properties of B. velezensis towards toxigenic moulds in silage conditions, offering a good base for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wambacq
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biosciences and Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University College Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - K Audenaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Höfte
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S De Saeger
- Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - G Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biosciences and Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University College Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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Michiels A, Arsenakis I, Matthijs A, Boyen F, Haesaert G, Audenaert K, Eeckhout M, Croubels S, Haesebrouck F, Maes D. Clinical impact of deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol on the severity of an experimental Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:190. [PMID: 29914486 PMCID: PMC6006720 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is highly prevalent in cereals in moderate climates and therefore pigs are often exposed to a DON-contaminated diet. Pigs are highly susceptible to DON and intake of DON-contaminated feed may lead to an altered immune response and may influence the pathogenesis of specific bacterial diseases. Therefore, the maximum guidance level in feed is lowest in this species and has been set at 900 μg/kg feed by the European Commission. This study aimed to determine the effect of in-feed administration of a moderately high DON concentration (1514 μg/kg) on the severity of an experimental Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) infection in weaned piglets. Fifty M. hyopneumoniae-free piglets were assigned at 30 days of age [study day (D)0] to four different groups: 1) negative control group (NCG; n = 5), 2) DON-contaminated group (DON; n = 15), 3) DON-contaminated and M. hyopneumoniae-inoculated group (DONMHYO; n = 15), 4) M. hyopneumoniae-inoculated group (MHYO; n = 15). The piglets were fed the experimental diets ad libitum for five weeks and were monitored during this period and euthanized at day 35 [27 days post infection (DPI)] or 36 (28 DPI). The main parameters under investigation were macroscopic lung lesions (MLL) at euthanasia, respiratory disease score (RDS) from day 8 until day 35, histopathologic lesions and log copies of M. hyopneumoniae DNA detected by qPCR, determined at the day of euthanasia. Results No significant difference was obtained for MLL at euthanasia, RDS (8–35), histopathologic lung lesions and log copies of M. hyopneumoniae DNA in the DONMHYO and MHYO group and consequently, no enhancement of the severity of the M. hyopneumoniae infection could be detected in the DONMHYO compared to the MHYO group. Conclusions Under present conditions, the findings imply that feed contaminated with DON (1514 μg/kg) provided to weaned pigs for five weeks did not increase the severity of an experimental M. hyopneumoniae infection. Further research is needed to investigate the impact of DON on M. hyopneumoniae infections in a multi-mycotoxin and multi-pathogen environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Michiels
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Ioannis Arsenakis
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Anneleen Matthijs
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Filip Boyen
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Campus Schoonmeersen, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Campus Schoonmeersen, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mia Eeckhout
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Campus Schoonmeersen, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Siska Croubels
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Dominiek Maes
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Abdallah MF, De Boevre M, Audenaert K, Haesaert G, De Saeger S. Highlight report: Mycotoxins as food contaminants in Africa—challenges and perspectives. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:2151-2152. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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