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Tojo M, Fujii N, Yagi H, Yamashita Y, Tokura K, Kida K, Hakoda A, Herrero ML, Hoshino T, Uchida M. Identification and Isolation Pattern of Globisporangium spp. from a Sanionia Moss Colony in Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen Is., Norway from 2006 to 2018. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091912. [PMID: 34576807 PMCID: PMC8467116 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Globisporangium spp. are soil-inhabiting oomycetes distributed worldwide, including in polar regions. Some species of the genus are known as important plant pathogens. This study aimed to clarify the species construction of Globisporangium spp. and their long-term isolation pattern in Sanionia moss in Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen Is., Norway. Globisporangium spp. were isolated at two-year intervals between 2006 and 2018 at a Sanionia moss colony, Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen Is., Norway. The isolates were obtained by using three agar media and were identified based on sequences of the rDNA-ITS region and cultural characteristics. Most of the Globisporangium isolates obtained during the survey were identified into six species. All six species were grown at 0 °C on an agar plate and used to infect Sanionia moss at 4 and/or 10 °C under an in vitro inoculation test. The total isolation frequency of Globisporangium gradually decreased throughout the survey period. The isolation frequency varied among the six species, and four of the species that showed a high frequency in 2006 were rarely isolated after 2016. The results suggested that Globisporangium inhabiting Sanionia moss in Ny-Ålesund has a unique composition of species and that most of the species reduced their population over the recent decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoaki Tojo
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-Cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (N.F.); (H.Y.); (Y.Y.); (K.T.); (K.K.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Natsumi Fujii
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-Cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (N.F.); (H.Y.); (Y.Y.); (K.T.); (K.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Hironori Yagi
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-Cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (N.F.); (H.Y.); (Y.Y.); (K.T.); (K.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Yuki Yamashita
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-Cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (N.F.); (H.Y.); (Y.Y.); (K.T.); (K.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Katsuyuki Tokura
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-Cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (N.F.); (H.Y.); (Y.Y.); (K.T.); (K.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Kenichi Kida
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-Cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (N.F.); (H.Y.); (Y.Y.); (K.T.); (K.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Akiho Hakoda
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-Cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (N.F.); (H.Y.); (Y.Y.); (K.T.); (K.K.); (A.H.)
| | - María-Luz Herrero
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), P.O. Box 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway;
| | - Tamotsu Hoshino
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Faculty of Engineering, Hachinohe Institute of Technology 88-1, Obiraki, Myo, Hachinohe 031-8501, Japan;
| | - Masaki Uchida
- National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR), 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan;
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Krause SMB, Näther A, Ortiz Cortes V, Mullins E, Kessel GJT, Lotz LAP, Tebbe CC. No Tangible Effects of Field-Grown Cisgenic Potatoes on Soil Microbial Communities. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:603145. [PMID: 33224940 PMCID: PMC7670967 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.603145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA modification techniques are increasingly applied to improve the agronomic performance of crops worldwide. Before cultivation and marketing, the environmental risks of such modified varieties must be assessed. This includes an understanding of their effects on soil microorganisms and associated ecosystem services. This study analyzed the impact of a cisgenic modification of the potato variety Desirée to enhance resistance against the late blight-causing fungus Phytophthora infestans (Oomycetes) on the abundance and diversity of rhizosphere inhabiting microbial communities. Two experimental field sites in Ireland and the Netherlands were selected, and for 2 subsequent years, the cisgenic version of Desirée was compared in the presence and absence of fungicides to its non-engineered late blight-sensitive counterpart and a conventionally bred late blight-resistant variety. At the flowering stage, total DNA was extracted from the potato rhizosphere and subjected to PCR for quantifying and sequencing bacterial 16S rRNA genes, fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, and nir genes encoding for bacterial nitrite reductases. Both bacterial and fungal communities responded to field conditions, potato varieties, year of cultivation, and bacteria sporadically also to fungicide treatments. At the Dutch site, without annual replication, fungicides stimulated nirK abundance for all potatoes, but with significance only for cisgenic Desirée. In all other cases, neither the abundance nor the diversity of any microbial marker differed between both Desirée versions. Overall, the study demonstrates environmental variation but also similar patterns of soil microbial diversity in potato rhizospheres and indicates that the cisgenic modification had no tangible impact on soil microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha M B Krause
- Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Braunschweig, Germany.,Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Astrid Näther
- Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Vilma Ortiz Cortes
- Teagasc Crops, Environmental and Land Use Program, Crop Science Department, Oak Park Crops Research Centre, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Ewen Mullins
- Teagasc Crops, Environmental and Land Use Program, Crop Science Department, Oak Park Crops Research Centre, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Geert J T Kessel
- Plant Research International, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Lambertus A P Lotz
- Plant Research International, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Christoph C Tebbe
- Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Braunschweig, Germany
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Venneman J, Vandermeersch L, Walgraeve C, Audenaert K, Ameye M, Verwaeren J, Steppe K, Van Langenhove H, Haesaert G, Vereecke D. Respiratory CO 2 Combined With a Blend of Volatiles Emitted by Endophytic Serendipita Strains Strongly Stimulate Growth of Arabidopsis Implicating Auxin and Cytokinin Signaling. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:544435. [PMID: 32983211 PMCID: PMC7492573 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.544435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Rhizospheric microorganisms can alter plant physiology and morphology in many different ways including through the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Here we demonstrate that VOCs from beneficial root endophytic Serendipita spp. are able to improve the performance of in vitro grown Arabidopsis seedlings, with an up to 9.3-fold increase in plant biomass. Additional changes in VOC-exposed plants comprised petiole elongation, epidermal cell and leaf area expansion, extension of the lateral root system, enhanced maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), and accumulation of high levels of anthocyanin. Notwithstanding that the magnitude of the effects was highly dependent on the test system and cultivation medium, the volatile blends of each of the examined strains, including the references S. indica and S. williamsii, exhibited comparable plant growth-promoting activities. By combining different approaches, we provide strong evidence that not only fungal respiratory CO2 accumulating in the headspace, but also other volatile compounds contribute to the observed plant responses. Volatile profiling identified methyl benzoate as the most abundant fungal VOC, released especially by Serendipita cultures that elicit plant growth promotion. However, under our experimental conditions, application of methyl benzoate as a sole volatile did not affect plant performance, suggesting that other compounds are involved or that the mixture of VOCs, rather than single molecules, accounts for the strong plant responses. Using Arabidopsis mutant and reporter lines in some of the major plant hormone signal transduction pathways further revealed the involvement of auxin and cytokinin signaling in Serendipita VOC-induced plant growth modulation. Although we are still far from translating the current knowledge into the implementation of Serendipita VOCs as biofertilizers and phytostimulants, volatile production is a novel mechanism by which sebacinoid fungi can trigger and control biological processes in plants, which might offer opportunities to address agricultural and environmental problems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Venneman
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lore Vandermeersch
- Research Group EnVOC, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Walgraeve
- Research Group EnVOC, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maarten Ameye
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Verwaeren
- Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Herman Van Langenhove
- Research Group EnVOC, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Danny Vereecke
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Vogt-Schilb H, Těšitelová T, Kotilínek M, Sucháček P, Kohout P, Jersáková J. Altered rhizoctonia assemblages in grasslands on ex-arable land support germination of mycorrhizal generalist, not specialist orchids. New Phytol 2020; 227:1200-1212. [PMID: 32285948 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Species-rich seminatural grasslands in Central Europe have suffered a dramatic loss of biodiversity due to conversion to arable land, but vast areas are being restored. Population recovery of orchids, which depend on mycorrhizal fungi for germination, is however limited. We hypothesised that ploughing and fertilisation caused shifts in orchid mycorrhizal communities in soil and restricted orchid germination. We examined edaphic conditions in 60 restored and seminatural grasslands, and germination success in 10 restored grasslands. Using a newly designed primer, we screened the composition of rhizoctonias in soil, seedlings and roots of seven orchid species. Seminatural and restored grasslands differed significantly in nutrient amounts and rhizoctonia assemblages in soil. While Serendipitaceae prevailed in seminatural grasslands with a higher organic matter content, Ceratobasidiaceae were more frequent in phosphorus-rich restored grasslands with increased abundance on younger restored sites. Tulasnellaceae displayed no preference. Germination success in restored grasslands differed significantly between orchid species; two mycorrhizal generalist species germinated with a broad range of rhizoctonias at most restored grasslands, while germination success of specialists was low. Past agricultural practices have a long-lasting effect on soil conditions and orchid mycorrhizal communities. Altered mycorrhizal availability may be the main reason for low germination success of specialist orchid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Vogt-Schilb
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- CEFE, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Tamara Těšitelová
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Kotilínek
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Sucháček
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kohout
- Institute of Microbiology ASCR, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4 - Krč, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, CZ-128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Jersáková
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Venneman J, Pawlick JS, Audenaert K, Meyer E, Demeyere K, Leus L, Baert G, Kogel KH, Haesaert G, Vereecke D, Ehlers K. Evaluation of genome size and quantitative features of the dolipore septum as taxonomic predictors for the Serendipita 'williamsii' species complex. Fungal Biol 2020; 124:781-800. [PMID: 32883429 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite multiple taxonomic revisions, several uncertainties at the genus and species level remain to be resolved within the Serendipitaceae family (Sebacinales). This volatile classification is attributed to the limited number of available axenic cultures and the scarcity of useful morphological traits. In the current study, we attempted to discover alternative taxonomic markers not relying on DNA sequences to differentiate among the closely related members of our Congolese Serendipita isolate collection and the reference strains S. indica (syn. Piriformospora indica) and S. williamsii (syn. P. williamsii). We demonstrated that nuclear distribution across hyphal cells and genome size (determined by flow cytometry) did not have enough resolving power, but quantitative and qualitative variations in the ultrastructure of the dolipore septa investigated by transmission electron microscopy did provide useful markers. Multivariate analysis revealed that subtle differences in ultrastructural characteristics of the parenthesome and the attached endoplasmic reticulum are most relevant when studying this fungal group. Moreover, the observed clustering pattern showed that there might be more diversity amongst the Congolese isolates within the S. 'williamsii' species complex than previously anticipated based on molecular data. Altogether, our results provide novel perspectives on the use of integrative approaches to support sebacinoid and Serendipitaceae taxonomy.
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Zhu B, Wu J, Ji Q, Wu W, Dong S, Yu J, Zhang Q, Qin L. Diversity of rhizosphere and endophytic fungi in Atractylodes macrocephala during continuous cropping. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8905. [PMID: 32292655 PMCID: PMC7144587 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizospheric and endophytic fungi are key factors which influence plant fitness and soil fertility. Atractylodes macrocephala is one of the best-known perennial herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine. Continuous cropping has been shown to have a negative effect on its growth and renders it more susceptible to microbial pathogen attacks. In this study, we investigated the effects of continuous cropping on the endophytic and rhizospheric fungi associated with A. macrocephala using culture-independent Illumina MiSeq. Continuous cropping was found to decrease fungal diversity inside plant roots, stems, leaves and tubers. Additionally, we found that the structure and diversity of rhizospheric and endophytic fungal communities were altered by root-rot disease. Fusarium was overrepresented among root-rot rhizospheric and endophytic fungi, indicating that it has a major negative impact on plant health during A. macrocephala monocropping. Canonical correspondence analysis of the control and diseased samples revealed that pH, hydrolysis N, electrical conductivity and Hg content were well-correlated with fungal community composition during continuous cropping. Taken together, these results highlight the ecological significance of fungal communities in maintaining plant fitness and will guide the development strategies to attenuate the negative impacts of A. macrocephala continuous cropping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingyong Ji
- Lishui Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, China
| | - Wei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shihui Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoyan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luping Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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