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Cho YB, Lee H, Jeon HJ, Lee JY, Kim HJ. Antioxidant and Inhibitory Activities of Filipendula glaberrima Leaf Constituents against HMG-CoA Reductase and Macrophage Foam Cell Formation. Molecules 2024; 29:354. [PMID: 38257267 PMCID: PMC10818259 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In our search for bioactive components, various chromatographic separations of the organic fractions from Filipendula glaberrima leaves led to the isolation of a new ellagitannin and a triterpenoid, along with 26 known compounds. The structures of the isolates were determined based on their spectroscopic properties and chemical evidence, which were then evaluated for their antioxidant activities, inhibitory activities on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, and foam cell formation in THP-1 cells to prevent atherosclerosis. Rugosin B methyl ester (1) showed the best HMG-CoA reductase inhibition and significantly reduced ox-low-density lipoprotein-induced THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cell formation at 25 µM. In addition, no cytotoxicity was observed in THP-1 cells at 50 μg/mL of all extracts in the macrophage foam cell formation assay. Therefore, F. glaberrima extract containing 1 is promising in the development of dietary supplements due to its potential behavior as a novel source of nutrients for preventing and treating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Bin Cho
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (Y.B.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Hyunbeom Lee
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (Y.B.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Hui-Jeon Jeon
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Ja Kim
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (Y.B.C.); (H.L.)
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Van den Bossche T, Goossens K, Haesaert G, Wambacq E, Vandaele L, De Boever JL. Autumn grass treated with a hydrolysable tannin extract versus lactic acid bacteria inoculant: Effects on silage fermentation characteristics and nutritional value and on performance of lactating dairy cows. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:111-125. [PMID: 37602531 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Hydrolysable tannins (HT) show potential as silage additive for autumn herbage silages, high in (rumen degradable) protein, as they may reduce proteolysis. Additionally, they have abilities to form pH-reversible tannin-protein complexes, non-degradable in the rumen but degradable in the abomasum and intestines of ruminants. Therefore they can improve milk N efficiency and shift N excretions from urine to faeces, possibly mitigating the environmental impact of ruminants. In this study, two small bunker silos were filled with autumn grass. One was treated with 20 g/kg DM HT extract (TAN) (TannoSan-L), the other with 8 mg/kg DM inoculant containing lactic acid bacteria (INO) (Bonsilage Fit G). Secondly, micro-silos (2.75 L) were filled with four treatments; (1) grass without additive (CON) (n = 5); (2) TAN (n = 5); (3) INO (n = 5); and (4) TAN + INO (n = 5). The bunker silos were used in a cross-over feeding experiment with periods of 4 weeks involving 22 lactating Holstein cows (average ± SD: 183 ± 36.3 days in milk, 665 ± 71.0 kg body weight, and 33.8 ± 3.91 kg/day milk yield). The HT dose was insufficient to reduce proteolysis or alter chemical composition and nutritional value in the micro- and bunker silages. Including grass silage added with TAN (3.2 g HT/kg DM) in the diet, did not affect feed intake nor fat and protein corrected milk yield in comparison to feeding the grass silage added with INO in a similar diet. The TAN-fed cows had an increased faecal N excretion and decreased apparent total-tract N and organic matter digestibility, but no improvement in the cows' N utilization could be confirmed in milk and blood urea levels. Overall, feeding an autumn grass silage treated with 20 g/kg chestnut HT extract did not affect the performance of dairy cows in comparison to feeding an autumn grass silage treated with a lactic acid bacteria inoculant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Van den Bossche
- Flanders Research Center for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | - Karen Goossens
- Flanders Research Center for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Leen Vandaele
- Flanders Research Center for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | - Johan L De Boever
- Flanders Research Center for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
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Wang M, Cao L. Hydrolysable tannins as a potential therapeutic drug for the human fibrosis-associated disease. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:1096-1113. [PMID: 37386756 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological change with abnormal tissue regeneration due to a response to persistent injury, which is extensively related to organ damage and failure, leading to high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although the pathogenesis of fibrosis has been comprehensively elucidated, there are few effective therapies for treating fibrotic diseases. Natural products are increasingly regarded as an effective strategy for fibrosis with numerous favorable functions. Hydrolysable tannins (HT) are a type of natural products that have the potential to treat the fibrotic disease. In this review, we describe some biological activities and the therapeutic prospects of HT in organ fibrosis. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of inhibition of HT on fibrotic organs in relation to inflammation, oxidative stress, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, fibroblast activation and proliferation, and extracellular matrix accumulation are discussed. Understanding the mechanism of HT against fibrotic diseases will provide a new strategy for the prevention and attenuation of fibrosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiwei Wang
- The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Linghui Cao
- The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Bahelka I, Stupka R, Čítek J, Šprysl M, Bučko O, Fľak P. Eating Quality of Pork from Entire Male Pigs after Dietary Supplementation with Hydrolysable Tannins. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050893. [PMID: 36899752 PMCID: PMC10000101 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Boar taint is an unpleasant odour and flavour released during heat treatment of pork from uncastrated male pigs. The two main compounds responsible for boar taint are androstenone and skatole. Androstenone is a steroid hormone formed in the testis during sexual maturity. Skatole is a product of microbial degradation of the amino acid tryptophan in the hindgut of pigs. Both of these compounds are lipophilic, which means that they can be deposited in adipose tissue. Several studies have reported heritability estimates for their deposition from medium (skatole) to high magnitudes (androstenone). In addition to efforts to influence boar taint through genetic selection, much attention has also been paid to reducing its incidence using various feeding strategies. From this point of view, research has focused especially on the reduction in skatole content by supplementation of feed additives into the nutrition of entire male pigs. Promising results have been achieved using hydrolysable tannins in the diet. To date, most studies have investigated the effects of tannins on the production and accumulation of skatole in adipose tissue, intestinal microbiota, growth rate, carcasses and pork quality. Thus, the objective of this study was, in addition to determining the effects of tannins on androstenone and skatole accumulation, to assess the effects of tannins on the sensory traits of meat from entire males. The experiment was performed on 80 young boars-progeny of several hybrid sire lines. Animals were randomly assigned to one control and four experimental groups (each numbering 16). The control group (T0) received a standard diet without any tannin supplementation. Experimental groups were supplemented with 1% (T1), 2% (T2), 3% (T3) or 4% (T4) SCWE (sweet chestnut wood extract) rich in hydrolysable tannins (Farmatan). Pigs received this supplement for 40 days prior to slaughter. Subsequently, the pigs were slaughtered, and sensory analysis was applied to evaluate the odour, flavour, tenderness and juiciness of the pork. The results showed a significant effect of tannins on skatole accumulation in adipose tissue (p = 0.052-0.055). The odour and flavour of the pork were not affected by tannins. However, juiciness and tenderness were reduced by higher tannin supplementation (T3-T4) compared to the controls (p < 0.05), but these results were sex-dependent (in favour of men compared to women). Generally, women rated tenderness and juiciness worse than men regardless of the type of diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Bahelka
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-224-383-059
| | - Roman Stupka
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Čítek
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Šprysl
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Bučko
- Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak Agricultural University Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Pavel Fľak
- Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak Agricultural University Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia
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Battelli M, Colombini S, Parma P, Galassi G, Crovetto GM, Spanghero M, Pravettoni D, Zanzani SA, Manfredi MT, Rapetti L. In vitro effects of different levels of quebracho and chestnut tannins on rumen methane production, fermentation parameters, and microbiota. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1178288. [PMID: 37152691 PMCID: PMC10154982 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1178288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Both condensed and hydrolysable tannins (CTs and HTs, respectively) have the ability to reduce enteric CH4 production in ruminants. However, the precise mechanism of action is not fully understood. Among the proposed hypotheses are the reduction of ruminal digestibility, direct control action on protozoa, reduction of archaea, and a hydrogen sink mechanism. In this in vitro study, which simulated rumen fermentation, two additives, one containing CTs (70% based on DM) from quebracho and one with HTs (75% based on DM) from chestnut, at four levels of inclusion (2, 4, 6, 8% on an as-fed basis) were added to the fermentation substrate and tested against a negative control. Both types of tannins significantly reduced total gas (GP) and CH4 (ml/g DM) production during the 48 h of incubation. The lower GP and CH4 production levels were linked to the reduction in dry matter digestibility caused by CTs and HTs. Conversely, no significant differences were observed for the protozoan and archaeal populations, suggesting a low direct effect of tannins on these rumen microorganisms in vitro. However, both types of tannins had negative correlations for the families Bacteroidales_BS11 and F082 and positive correlations for the genera Prevotella and Succinivibrio. Regarding the fermentation parameters, no differences were observed for pH and total volatile fatty acid production, while both CTs and HTs linearly reduced the NH3 content. CTs from quebracho were more effective in reducing CH4 production than HTs from chestnut. However, for both types of tannins, the reduction in CH4 production was always associated with a lower digestibility without any changes in archaea or protozoa. Due to the high variability of tannins, further studies investigating the chemical structure of the compounds and their mechanisms of action are needed to understand the different results reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Battelli
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Colombini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Parma
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Galassi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianni Matteo Crovetto
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Spanghero
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Davide Pravettoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | | | - Maria Teresa Manfredi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Luca Rapetti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Luca Rapetti,
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Rakshit M, Muduli S, Srivastav PP, Mishra S. Pomegranate peel polyphenols prophylaxis against SARS-CoV-2 main protease by in-silico docking and molecular dynamics study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:12917-12931. [PMID: 34569409 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1979427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pomegranate peel, the waste product generated from pomegranate fruit, has prophylactic properties, such as antimicrobial, anti-malarial, and controls respiratory infections and influenza. Based on the previous literature and need of the hour, molecular docking was performed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of major pomegranate peel polyphenols against COVID-19. Among the 44 studied compounds, 37 polyphenols show interaction with the catalytic dyad of the Mpro protease and 18 polyphenols have a higher binding affinity than that of the Mpro protease inhibitor (N3), indicating their high probability of binding at ACE2: SARS-CoV-2 interface. Furthermore, several polyphenols studied in this work are found to have higher binding affinity as compared to those of hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, nelfinavir, and curcumin, some of which have been earlier tested against COVID-19. Further, molecular dynamics simulations (200 ns) for Mpro-polyphenols including pelargonidin3-glucoside, quercetin3-O-rhamnoside, cyanidin3-glucoside and punicalin revealed highly stable complexes with less conformational fluctuations and similar degree of compactness. Estimation of total number of intermolecular hydrogen bonds and binding free energy confirmed the stability of these Mpro-polyphenol complexes over Mpro-curcumin complex. Based on the greater binding affinity of polyphenols of pomegranate peel towards Mpro as compared to that of curcumin, pomegranate peel may be considered in any herbal medicinal formulation or may be incorporated into daily diets for prevention of COVID-19.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhulekha Rakshit
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Sunita Muduli
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Prem Prakash Srivastav
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Sabyashachi Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India.,Centre for Computational and Data Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
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Lim YJ, Eom SH. The Different Contributors to Antioxidant Activity in Thermally Dried Flesh and Peel of Astringent Persimmon Fruit. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030597. [PMID: 35326247 PMCID: PMC8945473 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the thermal-drying processing of astringent persimmon fruit, the tissue-specific changes in the key antioxidants have hardly been investigated, while they have been well investigated in the flesh. We report here the different patterns of the antioxidant activities in the thermally processed flesh and peel of astringent persimmon, with analyses of the carotenoids, the condensed and hydrolysable tannins, and the total phenolics and flavonoids. The persimmon powders presented different colors on the basis of the drying temperatures: brown in 30 °C; light yellow in 60 °C; and dark brown in 90 °C, respectively. Non-maillard reaction and reduction of carotenoids caused the light-yellow color of 60 °C dried persimmon. Thermal drying reduced the antioxidant activities of the flesh in a temperature-dependent manner, with decreases in the carotenoids, the condensed and hydrolysable tannins, and the total phenolics and flavonoids, whereas it enhanced the antioxidant activities of the peel. The increase in the antioxidant activities in the peel were mainly the result of the increase in the total phenolics by the thermal effect, and especially in the content of the hydrolysable tannins, although the thermal processing decreased the other components. The heat-induced increase of antioxidant activity in the peel showed a strong significant correlation only with the contents of total phenolics (r2 = 0.9493) and total hydrolysable tannins (r2 = 0.9288), suggesting that the main antioxidant contributors differ from the flesh.
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Fracassetti D, Limbo S, Messina N, Pellegrino L, Tirelli A. Light-Struck Taste in White Wine: Protective Role of Glutathione, Sulfur Dioxide and Hydrolysable Tannins. Molecules 2021; 26:5297. [PMID: 34500729 PMCID: PMC8434244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Light exposure of white wine can cause a light-struck taste (LST), a fault induced by riboflavin (RF) and methionine (Met) leading to the formation of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), including methanethiol (MeSH) and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS). The study aimed to investigate the impact of different antioxidants, i.e., sulfur dioxide (SO2), glutathione (GSH) and chestnut tannins (CT), on preventing LST in model wine (MW) and white wine (WW), both containing RF and Met. Both MW and WW samples were added with the antioxidants, either individually or in different combinations, prior to 2-h light exposure and they were stored in the dark for 24 months. As expected, the light induced the degradation of RF in all the conditions assayed. Met also decreased depending on the antioxidants added. The presence of antioxidants limited the formation of LST as lower concentrations of VSCs were found in both MW and WW samples. In the latter matrix, neither MeSH nor DMDS were detected in the presence of CT, while only DMDS was found in WW+GSH, WW+SO2+GSH and WW+CT+SO2 samples at a concentration lower than the perception thresholds. Considering the antioxidants individually, the order of their effectiveness was CT ≥ GSH > SO2 in WW under the adopted experimental conditions. The results indicate tannins as an effective enological tool for preventing LST in white wine and their use will be further investigated in different white wines under industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Fracassetti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.L.); (N.M.); (L.P.); (A.T.)
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Ye Q, Zhang S, Qiu N, Liu L, Wang W, Xie Q, Chang Q, Chen Q. Identification and Characterization of Glucosyltransferase That Forms 1-Galloyl- β-d-Glucogallin in Canarium album L., a Functional Fruit Rich in Hydrolysable Tannins. Molecules 2021; 26:4650. [PMID: 34361803 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrolysable tannins (HTs) are useful secondary metabolites that are responsible for pharmacological activities and astringent taste, flavor, and quality in fruits. They are also the main polyphenols in Canarium album L. (Chinese olive) fruit, an interesting and functional fruit that has been cultivated for over 2000 years. The HT content of C. album fruit was 2.3-13 times higher than that of berries with a higher content of HT. 1-galloyl-β-d-glucose (βG) is the first intermediate and the key metabolite in the HT biosynthesis pathway. It is catalyzed by UDP-glucosyltransferases (UGTs), which are responsible for the glycosylation of gallic acid (GA) to form βG. Here, we first reported 140 UGTs in C. album. Phylogenetic analysis clustered them into 14 phylogenetic groups (A, B, D-M, P, and Q), which are different from the 14 typical major groups (A~N) of Arabidopsis thaliana. Expression pattern and correlation analysis showed that UGT84A77 (Isoform0117852) was highly expressed and had a positive correlation with GA and βG content. Prokaryotic expression showed that UGT84A77 could catalyze GA to form βG. These results provide a theoretical basis on UGTs in C. album, which will be helpful for further functional research and availability on HTs and polyphenols.
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Augusti PR, Quatrin A, Mello R, Bochi VC, Rodrigues E, Prazeres ID, Macedo AC, Oliveira-Alves SC, Emanuelli T, Bronze MR, Serra AT. Antiproliferative Effect of Colonic Fermented Phenolic Compounds from Jaboticaba ( Myrciaria trunciflora) Fruit Peel in a 3D Cell Model of Colorectal Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:4469. [PMID: 34361622 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Jaboticaba is a Brazilian native berry described as a rich source of phenolic compounds (PC) with health promoting effects. PC from jaboticaba peel powder (JPP) have low intestinal bio-accessibility and are catabolized by gut microbiota. However, the biological implication of PC-derived metabolites produced during JPP digestion remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the antiproliferative effects of colonic fermented JPP (FJPP) in a 3D model of colorectal cancer (CRC) composed by HT29 spheroids. JPP samples fermented with human feces during 0, 2, 8, 24 or 48 h were incubated (10,000 µg mL−1) with spheroids, and cell viability was assessed after 72 h. Chemometric analyses (cluster and principal component analyses) were used to identify the main compounds responsible for the bioactive effect. The antiproliferative effect of FJPP in the CRC 3D model was increased between 8 h and 24 h of incubation, and this effect was associated with HHDP-digalloylglucose isomer and dihydroxyphenyl-γ-valerolactone. At 48 h of fermentation, the antiproliferative effect of FJPP was negligible, indicating that the presence of urolithins did not improve the bioactivity of JPP. These findings provide relevant knowledge on the role of colonic microbiota fermentation to generate active phenolic metabolites from JPP with positive impact on CRC.
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Zhen L, Lange H, Crestini C. An Analytical Toolbox for Fast and Straightforward Structural Characterisation of Commercially Available Tannins. Molecules 2021; 26:2532. [PMID: 33926135 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Both condensed and hydrolysable tannins represent versatile natural polyphenolic structures exhibiting a broad range of activities that could be exploited in various fields including nutraceutics, cosmesis, consumer care, household and pharmaceutical applications. Various tannins are commercially available nowadays for use in such application fields. We have analysed a representative selection of commercially available condensed and hydrolysable tannins for structural features and purity. Using a combination of quantitative 31P NMR spectroscopy, HSQC measurements, MALDI-ToF analyses, gel permeation chromatography and wet chemical analysis, detailed structural characterisations and descriptions were possible, allowing for verification and falsification of claimed structural features.
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Noce A, Di Daniele F, Campo M, Di Lauro M, Pietroboni Zaitseva A, Di Daniele N, Marrone G, Romani A. Effect of Hydrolysable Tannins and Anthocyanins on Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Nephropathic Patients: Preliminary Data. Nutrients 2021; 13:591. [PMID: 33670236 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by uropathogenic microorganism colonization. UTIs often require an antibiotic therapy that can cause the selection of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. A natural bioactive compound may represent a valid therapeutic adjuvant approach, in combination with drug therapy. In this paper, we present a pilot study, based on the administration of an oral food supplement (OFS), containing chestnut tannins and anthocyanins, to nephropathic patients suffering from recurrent UTIs (16 treated patients with 1 cp/day and 10 untreated patients). We performed laboratory tests and quality of life and body composition assessments, at T0 (baseline) and T1 (after 6 weeks OFS assumption). The analysis of OFS was performed by HPLC-DAD-MS for its content in polyphenols and by in vitro tests for its antioxidative and anti-free radical activities. In each capsule, polyphenol content was 6.21 mg (4.57 mg hydrolysable tannins, 0.94 mg anthocyanosides, 0.51 mg proanthocyanidins, 0.18 mg quercetin derivatives). A significant reduction of erythrocyte sedimentation rate was observed only in male patients. Urinalysis showed a significant reduction of leukocytes in both genders, whereas urinary bacterial flora at T1 significantly decreased only in male subjects. Tannins seem to exert an antimicrobial action according to gender, useful to counteract the recurrence of UTIs.
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Micucci M, Budriesi R, Aldini R, Fato R, Bergamini C, Vivarelli F, Canistro D, Bolchi C, Chiarini A, Rizzardi N, Pallavicini M, Frosini M, Angeletti A. Castanea sativa Mill. bark extract cardiovascular effects in a rat model of high-fat diet. Phytother Res 2020; 35:2145-2156. [PMID: 33295076 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ellagitannins may have a beneficial impact in cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of high-fat diet (HFD) and the efficacy of Castanea sativa Mill. bark extract (ENC) on cardiac and vascular parameters. Rats were fed with regular diet, (RD, n = 15), HFD (n = 15), RD + ENC (20 mg/kg/day by gavage, n = 15), and HFD + ENC (same dose, n = 15) and the effects on body weight, biochemical serum parameters, and inflammatory cytokines determined. Cardiac functional parameters and aorta contractility were also assessed on isolated atria and aorta. Results showed that ENC reduced weight gain and serum lipids induced by HFD. In in vitro assays, HFD decreased the contraction force of left atrium, increased right atrium chronotropy, and decreased aorta K+ -induced contraction; ENC induced transient positive inotropic and negative chronotropic effects on isolated atria from RD and HFD rats and a spasmolytic effect on aorta. In ex vivo experiments, ENC reverted inotropic and chronotropic changes induced by HFD and enhanced Nifedipine effect more on aorta than on heart. In conclusion, ENC restores metabolic dysfunction and cardiac cholinergic muscarinic receptor function, and exerts spasmolytic effect on aorta in HFD rats, highlighting its potential as nutraceutical tool in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Micucci
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Budriesi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Aldini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Romana Fato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Christian Bergamini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Vivarelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Donatella Canistro
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences "Pietro Pratesi", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Chiarini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Rizzardi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences "Pietro Pratesi", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Frosini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeletti
- Department of Specialistic, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna. S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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Lotfi R. A commentary on methodological aspects of hydrolysable tannins metabolism in ruminant: a perspective view. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 71:466-478. [PMID: 32654165 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although, the application of tannic acid (TA), gallic acid (GA), natural hydrolysable tannins (HT)-rich ingredients, and HT-rich feeds in ruminant feeding have been explored in order to modify or manipulate microbial activities of digestive tract of animals, the interaction between HT and gastrointestinal microbiota and the fate of HT metabolites (GA, ellagic acid, pyrogallol, resorcinol, phloroglucinol, catechol and urolithin) derived from gastrointestinal microbial HT metabolism in the animal as a whole and animal products are missing. Incomplete biotransformation of HT and TA to GA, pyrogallol, resorcinol, phloroglucinol and other phenolic metabolites is a prevalent phenomenon discovered by researchers who examine the fate of HT metabolites in ruminant. While the rest of fellow researchers do not even examine the fate of HT metabolites and assume the complete biotransformation and fermentation of HT metabolites to volatile fatty acids (VFA). Only three studies have successfully identified the complete biotransformation and fermentation of HT metabolites to VFA in ruminant. The HT metabolites, mostly pyrogallol, produced through incomplete biotransformation of HT have adverse effects on gastrointestinal microbiota and host animal. Lack of awareness regarding the metabolism of HT metabolites and its consequences would compromise ruminant gastrointestinal microbiota, animal welfare, our environment and the power of research papers' findings. In this perspective paper, I will bring to attention a new angle on the biotransformation and fermentation of HT metabolites in gastrointestinal tract, the role of gastrointestinal microbiota and deficiency of current approach in isolating tannin-degrading bacteria from rumen. Also, suggestions for better monitoring and understanding HT metabolisms in ruminant are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lotfi
- Ph.D Candidate of Ruminant Nutrition at Department of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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15
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Di Stefano V, Scandurra S, Pagliaro A, Di Martino V, Melilli MG. Effect of Sunlight Exposure on Anthocyanin and Non-Anthocyanin Phenolic Levels in Pomegranate Juices by High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Approach. Foods 2020; 9:E1161. [PMID: 32842539 PMCID: PMC7555681 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Quali-quantitative analyses of anthocyanins and non-anthocyanin phenolic compounds performed with the use of liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry, were evaluated in juice of pomegranate fruits ('Dente di Cavallo'), in relation to different light exposures (North, South, West and East). A total of 16 compounds were identified, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, hydrolysable tannins, and anthocyanins, known for their health-promoting effects. Striking differences were observed about the total phenolic content, which was high in juices from fruits with east- and north-facing position, while it was lower in juices facing south. The greatest contents of total flavonoids and anthocyanins were recorded in fruit juices with southern exposure; however, there are no great differences in the content in phenolic acids. Tannins were mainly synthesized in fruit juices with West exposure. The results showed that the position within the tree had no significant effects on color juice, however, it significantly (p < 0.05) affected data on fruit weight, soluble sugars and juice yield. Remarkable synergies existed among polyphenols and phytochemicals in pomegranate juice, but collecting fruits with different solar exposure could enhance different health benefits, i.e., the juices with higher polyphenols content could have more anticancer effect or those with higher tannins content could have more antimicrobial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vita Di Stefano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Scandurra
- Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, National Council of Research, Via Empedocle, 58, 95128 Catania, Italy; (S.S.); (V.D.M.)
| | - Antonella Pagliaro
- CREA Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 95024 Acireale (Catania), Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Di Martino
- Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, National Council of Research, Via Empedocle, 58, 95128 Catania, Italy; (S.S.); (V.D.M.)
| | - Maria Grazia Melilli
- Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, National Council of Research, Via Empedocle, 58, 95128 Catania, Italy; (S.S.); (V.D.M.)
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Puljula E, Walton G, Woodward MJ, Karonen M. Antimicrobial Activities of Ellagitannins against Clostridiales perfringens, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus plantarum and Staphylococcus aureus. Molecules 2020; 25:E3714. [PMID: 32824081 PMCID: PMC7465317 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we tested the growth inhibition effect of 22 individual ellagitannins and of pentagalloylglucose on four bacterial species, i.e., Clostridiales perfringens, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus plantarum and Staphylococcus aureus. All tested compounds showed antimicrobial effects against S. aureus, and almost all against E. coli and C. perfringens. For L. plantarum, no or very weak growth inhibition was detected. The level of inhibition was the greatest for S. aureus and the weakest for C. perfringens. For S. aureus, the molecular size or flexibility of ellagitannins did not show a clear relationship with their antimicrobial activity, even though rugosins E and D and pentagalloylglucose with four or five free galloyl groups had a stronger growth inhibition effect than the other ellagitannins with glucopyranose cores but with less free galloyl groups. Additionally, our results with S. aureus showed that the oligomeric linkage of ellagitannin might have an effect on its antimicrobial activity. For E. coli, the molecular size, but not the molecular flexibility, of ellagitannins seemed to be an important factor. For C. perfringens, both the molecular size and the flexibility of ellagitannin were important factors. In previous studies, corilagin was used as a model for ellagitannins, but our results showed that other ellagitannins are much more efficacious; therefore, the antimicrobial effects of ellagitannins could be more significant than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Puljula
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland;
| | - Gemma Walton
- Department of Food and Nutritional Studies, The University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, UK; (G.W.); or
| | - Martin J. Woodward
- Department of Food and Nutritional Studies, The University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, UK; (G.W.); or
- Folium Science, Unit-DX, Bristol BS2 OXJ, UK
| | - Maarit Karonen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland;
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Abstract
The partition coefficients (logP) between n-octanol and water of 47 purified and characterized hydrolysable tannins were measured with the shake flask method utilizing UPLC and HPLC with UV detection. Results show that galloyl glucoses and gallotannins are clearly more hydrophobic than ellagitannins but the differences in hydrophobicity within ellagitannins are more varied than within galloyl glucoses or gallotannins. Most notable structural features that were found to influence the hydrophobicity of ellagitannins were the number of free galloyl groups, acyclic versus cyclic polyol, substitution of the anomeric position of glucose and 4C1 versus 1C4 conformation of the glucopyranose core.
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Khalifa I, Zhu W, Mohammed HHH, Dutta K, Li C. Tannins inhibit SARS-CoV-2 through binding with catalytic dyad residues of 3CL pro : An in silico approach with 19 structural different hydrolysable tannins. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13432. [PMID: 32783247 PMCID: PMC7435556 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus epidemic 2019 (COVID-19), instigated by SARS-CoV-2 virus, is recently raising worldwide and inspiring global health worries. The main 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3CLPro ) enzyme of SARS-CoV-2, which operates its replication, could be used as a medication discovery point. We therefore theoretically studied and docked the effects of 19 hydrolysable tannins on SARS-CoV-2 by assembling with the catalytic dyad residues of its 3CLpro using molecular operating environment (MOE 09). Results discovered that pedunculagin, tercatain, and castalin intensely interacted with the receptor binding site and catalytic dyad (Cys145 and His41) of SARS-CoV-2. Our analyses estimated that the top three hits might serve as potential inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 leading molecules for additional optimization and drug development process to combat COVID-19. This study unleashed that tannins with specific structure could be utilized as natural inhibitors against COVID-19. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The 3CLPro controls SARS-CoV-2 copying and manages its life series, which was targeted in case of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV coronavirus. About 19 hydrolysable tannins were computed against 3CLpro of SARS-CoV-2. Pedunculagin, tercatain, and castalin interacted with Cys145 and His41 of SARS-CoV-2-3CLpro . Pedunculagin-SARS-CoV-2-3CLpro remain stable, with no obvious fluctuations. We predicted that the understandings gained in the current research may evidence valued for discovering and unindustrialized innovative natural inhibitors for COVID-19 in the nearby future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Khalifa
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of AgricultureBenha UniversityBenhaEgypt
| | - Wei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Food Science, Ministry of EducationHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Hammad Hamed Hammad Mohammed
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Food Science, Ministry of EducationHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Ministry of Agriculture and ForestryNational Food Research CentreKhartoum NorthSudan
| | - Kunal Dutta
- Microbiology and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community HealthVidyasagar UniversityMidnaporeIndia
| | - Chunmei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Food Science, Ministry of EducationHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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Fyhrquist P, Salih EYA, Helenius S, Laakso I, Julkunen-Tiitto R. HPLC-DAD and UHPLC/QTOF-MS Analysis of Polyphenols in Extracts of the African Species Combretum padoides, C. zeyheri and C. psidioides Related to Their Antimycobacterial Activity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E459. [PMID: 32751268 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Combretum padoides Engl. & Diels, C. psidioides Welv. and C. zeyheri Sond. are used for the treatment of infections and tuberculosis related symptoms in African traditional medicine. In order to verify these uses, extracts were screened for their growth inhibitory effects against M. smegmatis ATCC 14468. Ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QTOF-MS) and GC-MS were used to investigate the polyphenolic composition in the active extracts. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), 625 µg/mL, was shown by a methanol extract of the stem bark of C. psidioides. A butanol extract of C. psidioides gave large inhibition zone diameters (IZD 21 mm) and inhibited 84% of the mycobacterial growth at 312 µg/mL. Combretastatin B-2 and dihydrostilbene derivatives were present in the methanol extract of C. psidioides, whereas the butanol extract of this species contained punicalagin, corilagin, and sanguiin H-4. Methanol and butanol extracts of the stem bark of C. padoides gave large inhibition zone diameters (IZD 26.5 mm) and MIC values of 1250 and 2500 µg/mL, respectively. C. padoides contained an ellagitannin with a mass identical to punicalagin ([M-H]− 1083.0587) and a corilagin like derivative ([M-H]− 633.0750) as well as ellagic acid arabinoside and methyl ellagic acid xyloside. A butanol extract of the roots of C. zeyheri showed mild antimycobacterial activity and contained a gallotannin at m/z [M-H]− 647.0894 as the main compound along with punicalagin and three unknown ellagitannins at m/z [M-H]− 763.0788, 765.0566, and 817.4212. Our results indicate that the studied species of Combretum contain phenolic and polyphenolic compounds with possible potential as leads for antimycobacterial drugs or as adjuvants for conventional anti-TB drugs.
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Marsh KJ, Wallis IR, Kulheim C, Clark R, Nicolle D, Foley WJ, Salminen J. New approaches to tannin analysis of leaves can be used to explain in vitro biological activities associated with herbivore defence. New Phytol 2020; 225:488-498. [PMID: 31412143 PMCID: PMC6916633 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Although tannins have been an important focus of studies of plant-animal interactions, traditional tannin analyses cannot differentiate between the diversity of structures present in plants. This has limited our understanding of how different mixtures of these widespread secondary metabolites contribute to variation in biological activity. We used UPLC-MS/MS to determine the concentration and broad composition of tannins and polyphenols in 628 eucalypt (Eucalyptus, Corymbia and Angophora) samples, and related these to three in vitro functional measures believed to influence herbivore defence: protein precipitation capacity, oxidative activity at high pH and capacity to reduce in vitro nitrogen (N) digestibility. Protein precipitation capacity was most strongly correlated with concentrations of procyanidin subunits in proanthocyanidins (PAs), and late-eluting ellagitannins. Capacity to reduce in vitro N digestibility was affected most by the subunit composition and mean degree of polymerisation (mDP) of PAs. Finally, concentrations of ellagitannins and prodelphinidin subunits of PAs were the strongest determinants of oxidative activity. The results illustrate why measures of total tannins rarely correlate with animal feeding responses. However, they also confirm that the analytical techniques utilised here could allow researchers to understand how variation in tannins influence the ecology of individuals and populations of herbivores, and, ultimately, other ecosystem processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J. Marsh
- Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Ian R. Wallis
- Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Carsten Kulheim
- Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Robert Clark
- Research School of FinanceActuarial Studies and StatisticsThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Dean Nicolle
- Currency Creek ArboretumPO Box 808Melrose ParkSA5039Australia
| | - William J. Foley
- Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Juha‐Pekka Salminen
- Natural Chemistry Research GroupDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of TurkuTurkuFI‐20500Finland
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Tretola M, Maghin F, Silacci P, Ampuero S, Bee G. Effect of Supplementing Hydrolysable Tannins to a Grower-Finisher Diet Containing Divergent PUFA Levels on Growth Performance, Boar Taint Levels in Back Fat and Intestinal Microbiota of Entire Males. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9121063. [PMID: 31810259 PMCID: PMC6940899 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A retrospective data analysis suggested that the levels of boar taint compounds depend on the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) level of the adipose tissue (AT) being significantly greater in the unsaturated AT. In addition, we recently reported that hydrolysable tannins (HTs) offered to entire males (EMs) reduce skatole and, to a greater extent, indole levels in the AT. Thus, the objective of the study was to determine the impact of HTs and a high dietary level of PUFA on growth performance and board taint compounds in EMs. In addition, the interaction between PUFA and HTs on gut microbiota and its link to intestinal skatole and indole production was investigated. At 25 kg BW, 44 EM originating from 11 litters were randomly assigned within litter to four dietary treatments. Two basal grower (25-60 kg BW) and finisher (60-105 kg BW) diets containing either 2% soy oil (H = high PUFA level) or 2% tallow (L = low PUFA level) were formulated. The H and L diets were either supplemented (H+/L+) or not (H-/L-) with 3% chestnut extract containing 50% HTs. The pigs had ad libitum access to the diets and were slaughtered at 170 days of age. The microbiota composition was investigated through the 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained by next-generation sequencing (Illumia MiSeq platform, San Diego, CA, USA) and analyzed with a specific packages in R, version 3.5.0. Regardless of the PUFA content, the EMs fed the H+ diets were 2% (p < 0.01) less feed efficient overall. This was due to the slower (p = 0.01) growth in the finisher period despite similar feed intake. Carcass characteristics were not affected by the diets. Regardless of HT feeding, the PUFA level in the AT of the H pigs was 10% greater (p = 0.05) than in the L pigs. The indole level tended (p = 0.08) to be 50% lower in the H+ group. Surprisingly, the pigs that were fed diet H- had greater skatole levels than those fed diet L-, with intermediate skatole levels in the H+ and L+. Independent of the PUFA level, the HTs decreased bacteria abundance and qualitatively affected the microbiota composition. In conclusion, these data do not confirm that boar taint compound levels were related to PUFA levels in the AT. However, HTs can be considered to be a promising alternative to conventional antibacterial additives, with no detrimental effects on pig gut health and with appealing properties for reducing the synthesis of the main components of boar taint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tretola
- Agroscope, Institute for Livestock Sciences, La Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland; (M.T.); (P.S.); (S.A.)
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, VESPA, University of Milan, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Federica Maghin
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, VESPA, University of Milan, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Paolo Silacci
- Agroscope, Institute for Livestock Sciences, La Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland; (M.T.); (P.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Silvia Ampuero
- Agroscope, Institute for Livestock Sciences, La Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland; (M.T.); (P.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Bee
- Agroscope, Institute for Livestock Sciences, La Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland; (M.T.); (P.S.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Ajebli M, Eddouks M. The Promising Role of Plant Tannins as Bioactive Antidiabetic Agents. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:4852-4884. [PMID: 29874989 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180605124256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant tannins are polyphenolic substances with various molecular weights and a variable complexity. Due to the beneficial effects for controlling chronic disorders particularly diabetes mellitus, this class of secondary metabolites has gained more interest in the recent years. OBJECTIVE We aimed through this review to collect, analyze and discuss all available information related to the antidiabetic effect of isolated tannins (including both condensed and hydrolysable varieties) and tannin-rich plants as well as the possible mechanisms of action involved in this antidiabetic activity. METHODS AND RESULTS Our bibliographic research was conducted to gather more than 41 medicinal plants containing tannins and 19 isolated tannins and tannin-rich crud extracts which were revealed to possess glucose lowering effect according to pharmacological studies. CONCLUSION Hence, according to findings of the present review, tannins could be useful for prevention and management of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications and these natural products could be promising compounds for the discovery of new hypoglycemic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ajebli
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, BP 509, Boutalamine, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Eddouks
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, BP 509, Boutalamine, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco
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23
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Biondi L, Randazzo CL, Russo N, Pino A, Natalello A, Van Hoorde K, Caggia C. Dietary Supplementation of Tannin-Extracts to Lambs: Effects on Meat Fatty Acids Composition and Stability and on Microbial Characteristics. Foods 2019; 8:E469. [PMID: 31658772 PMCID: PMC6836261 DOI: 10.3390/foods8100469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two extracts derived from plant material rich in hydrolysable (Tara, T; Caesalpinia spinosa) or condensed (Mimosa, M; Acacia mearnsii) tannins were added to lamb's diet and their effects on meat quality and on microbial population were evaluated; a diet without tannins represented the Control (C). Meat pH, vitamin E, intramuscular fat content and muscle fatty acid composition were determined. Oxidative stability and microbiological analyses were performed on meat samples after 0, 4 and 7 days of refrigerated storage. Psychrotrophic bacteria were identified through MALDI-TOF MS analysis. Regarding meat fatty acids, Tara treatment decreased the percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids. The counts of all microbial groups were similar among dietary treatments at day 0, while a significant reduction of microbial loads was observed in T-group at day 7. Pseudomonas fluorescens group count was significantly affected by T extract supplementation. The MALDI-TOF MS identification revealed the dominance of Pseudomonas fragi species in all samples while Pseudomonas lundensis, Brochothrix thermosphacta and Candida famata were revealed only in control ones. In conclusions, the tannin extract supplementation is a promising dietary strategy to preserve lamb meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Biondi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Cinzia L Randazzo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Nunziatina Russo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Pino
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Antonio Natalello
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Koenraad Van Hoorde
- Service Foodborne Pathogens, Sciensano, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Brewing Science and Technology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Cinzia Caggia
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
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Pinheiro C, Wienkoop S, de Almeida JF, Brunetti C, Zarrouk O, Planchon S, Gori A, Tattini M, Ricardo CP, Renaut J, Teixeira RT. Phellem Cell-Wall Components Are Discriminants of Cork Quality in Quercus suber. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:944. [PMID: 31417580 PMCID: PMC6682605 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cork is a renewable, non-wood high valued forest product, with relevant ecological and economic impact in the Mediterranean-type ecosystems. Currently, cork is ranked according to its commercial quality. The most valuable planks are chosen for cork stoppers production. Cork planks with adequate thickness and porosity are classified as stoppable quality cork (SQC). The chemical composition of cork is known, but the regulation of metabolic pathways responsible of cork production and composition, hence of cork quality, is largely unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that post-genomic events may be responsible for the development of SQC and N-SQC (non-stoppable quality cork). Here, we show that combined proteomics and targeted metabolomics (namely soluble and cell wall bound phenolics) analyzed on recently formed phellem allows discriminate cork planks of different quality. Phellem cells of SQC and N-SQC displayed different reducing capacity, with consequential impact on both enzymatic pathways (e.g., glycolysis) and other cellular functions, including cell wall assembly and suberization. Glycolysis and respiration related proteins were abundant in both cork quality groups, whereas the level of several proteins associated to mitochondrial metabolism was higher in N-SQC. The soluble and cell wall-bound phenolics in recently formed phellem clearly discriminated SQC from N-SCQ. In our study, SQC was characterized by a high incorporation of aromatic components of the phenylpropanoid pathway in the cell wall, together with a lower content of hydrolysable tannins. Here, we propose that the level of hydrolysable tannins may represent a valuable diagnostic tool for screening recently formed phellem, and used as a proxy for the quality grade of cork plank produced by each tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Pinheiro
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Stefanie Wienkoop
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - João Feio de Almeida
- UCIBIO – REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- National Research Council of Italy, Trees and Timber Institute, Florence, Italy
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Olfa Zarrouk
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Antonella Gori
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Tattini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Florence, Italy
| | - Cândido Pinto Ricardo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jenny Renaut
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
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Valverde Malaver CL, Colmenares Dulcey AJ, Rial C, Varela RM, Molinillo JMG, Macías FA, Isaza Martínez JH. Hydrolysable Tannins and Biological Activities of Meriania hernandoi and Meriania nobilis (Melastomataceae). Molecules 2019; 24:E746. [PMID: 30791447 PMCID: PMC6412690 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A bio-guided study of leaf extracts allowed the isolation of two new macrobicyclic hydrolysable tannins, namely merianin A (1) and merianin B (2), and oct-1-en-3-yl β-xylopyranosyl-(1"-6')-β-glucopyranoside (3) from Meriania hernandoi, in addition to 11 known compounds reported for the first time in the Meriania genus. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses including one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques and mass spectrometry. The bioactivities of the compounds were determined by measuring the DPPH radical scavenging activity and by carrying out antioxidant power assays (FRAP), etiolated wheat coleoptile assays and phytotoxicity assays on the standard target species Lycopersicum esculentum W. (tomato). Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited the best free radical scavenging activities, with FRS50 values of 2.0 and 1.9 µM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Julia Colmenares Dulcey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, Universidad del Valle, GIPNA, Cali 760032, Colombia.
| | - Carlos Rial
- Allelopathy Group, Instituto de Biomoléculas (INBIO), Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Sciences, Universidad de Cadiz, C/República Saharaui 7, 11510-Puerto Real (Cadiz), Spain.
| | - Rosa M Varela
- Allelopathy Group, Instituto de Biomoléculas (INBIO), Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Sciences, Universidad de Cadiz, C/República Saharaui 7, 11510-Puerto Real (Cadiz), Spain.
| | - José M G Molinillo
- Allelopathy Group, Instituto de Biomoléculas (INBIO), Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Sciences, Universidad de Cadiz, C/República Saharaui 7, 11510-Puerto Real (Cadiz), Spain.
| | - Francisco A Macías
- Allelopathy Group, Instituto de Biomoléculas (INBIO), Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Sciences, Universidad de Cadiz, C/República Saharaui 7, 11510-Puerto Real (Cadiz), Spain.
| | - José Hipólito Isaza Martínez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, Universidad del Valle, GIPNA, Cali 760032, Colombia.
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Papa V, Ginocchietti L, Budriesi R, Micucci M, Costa R, Biondi R, Cevenini R, Chiarini A, Aldini R, Donati M, Pollini GM, Cenacchi G. In vitro activity of a partially purified and characterized bark extract of Castanea sativa Mill. (ENC®) against Chlamydia spp. Ultrastruct Pathol 2017; 41:147-153. [PMID: 28277149 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2016.1275909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Castanea sativa Mill (ENC®), containing tannins against 33 Chlamydia strains, was compared to SMAP-29 with inhibitory effect against C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae. The ENC® activity against Chlamydia spp. was evaluated determining the lowest concentration to achieve more than half reduction of intact chlamydial inclusions versus controls. ENC® reduced all Chlamydia strains tested at 1 µg/mL, while SMAP-29 induced reductions of C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae infectivity at 10 µg/mL. A great reduction of C. trachomatis, C. pneumoniae, and C. abortus infectivity was achieved with a 10 µg/mL ENC® concentration, whereas their infectivity was almost inhibited at 100 µg/mL ENC® concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Papa
- a Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences Department, Pathology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Laura Ginocchietti
- b Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department, Microbiology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Roberta Budriesi
- c Pharmacy and Biotechnology Department , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Matteo Micucci
- c Pharmacy and Biotechnology Department , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Roberta Costa
- a Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences Department, Pathology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Roberta Biondi
- b Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department, Microbiology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Roberto Cevenini
- b Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department, Microbiology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Alberto Chiarini
- b Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department, Microbiology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Rita Aldini
- c Pharmacy and Biotechnology Department , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Manuela Donati
- b Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department, Microbiology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Gian Matteo Pollini
- b Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department, Microbiology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Giovanna Cenacchi
- a Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences Department, Pathology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
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Lavoie S, Côté I, Pichette A, Gauthier C, Ouellet M, Nagau-Lavoie F, Mshvildadze V, Legault J. Chemical composition and anti-herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) activity of extracts from Cornus canadensis. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:123. [PMID: 28228101 PMCID: PMC5322616 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many plants of boreal forest of Quebec have been used by Native Americans to treat a variety of microbial infections. However, the antiviral activities of these plants have been seldom evaluated on cellular models to validate their in vitro efficiencies. In this study, Cornus canadensis L. (Cornaceae), a plant used in Native American traditional medicine to treat possible antiviral infections, has been selected for further examination. METHODS The plant was extracted by decoction and infusion with water, water/ethanol 1:1 and ethanol to obtain extracts similar to those used by Native Americans. The effects of the extracts were tested on herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) using a plaque reduction assay. Moreover, bioassay-guided fractionation was achieved to isolate bioactive compounds. RESULTS Water/ethanol 1:1 infusion of C. canadensis leaves were the most active extracts to inhibit virus absorption with EC50 of about 9 μg mL-1, whereas for direct mode, both extraction methods using water or water/ethanol 1:1 as solvent were relatively similar with EC50 ranging from 11 to 17 μg mL-1. The fractionation led to the identification of active fractions containing hydrolysable tannins. Tellimagrandin I was found the most active compound with an EC50 of 2.6 μM for the direct mode and 5.0 μM for the absorption mode. CONCLUSION Altogether, the results presented in this work support the antiviral activity of Cornus canadensis used in Native American traditional medicine.
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Top SM, Preston CM, Dukes JS, Tharayil N. Climate Influences the Content and Chemical Composition of Foliar Tannins in Green and Senesced Tissues of Quercus rubra. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:423. [PMID: 28559896 PMCID: PMC5432568 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stresses not only influence production of plant metabolites but could also modify their resorption during leaf senescence. The production-resorption dynamics of polyphenolic tannins, a class of defense compound whose ecological role extends beyond tissue senescence, could amplify the influence of climate on ecosystem processes. We studied the quantity, chemical composition, and tissue-association of tannins in green and freshly-senesced leaves of Quercus rubra exposed to different temperature (Warming and No Warming) and precipitation treatments (Dry, Ambient, Wet) at the Boston-Area Climate Experiment (BACE) in Massachusetts, USA. Climate influenced not only the quantity of tannins, but also their molecular composition and cell-wall associations. Irrespective of climatic treatments, tannin composition in Q. rubra was dominated by condensed tannins (CTs, proanthocyanidins). When exposed to Dry and Ambient*Warm conditions, Q. rubra produced higher quantities of tannins that were less polymerized. In contrast, under favorable conditions (Wet), tannins were produced in lower quantities, but the CTs were more polymerized. Further, even as the overall tissue tannin content declined, the content of hydrolysable tannins (HTs) increased under Wet treatments. The molecular composition of tannins influenced their content in senesced litter. Compared to the green leaves, the content of HTs decreased in senesced leaves across treatments, whereas the CT content was similar between green and senesced leaves in Wet treatments that produced more polymerized tannins. The content of total tannins in senesced leaves was higher in Warming treatments under both dry and ambient precipitation treatments. Our results suggest that, though climate directly influenced the production of tannins in green tissues (and similar patterns were observed in the senesced tissue), the influence of climate on tannin content of senesced tissue was partly mediated by the effect on the chemical composition of tannins. These different climatic impacts on leaves over the course of a growing season may alter forest dynamics, not only in decomposition and nutrient cycling dynamics, but also in herbivory dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Top
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson UniversityClemson, SC, USA
- *Correspondence: Sara M. Top
| | | | - Jeffrey S. Dukes
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts BostonBoston, MA, USA
| | - Nishanth Tharayil
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson UniversityClemson, SC, USA
- Nishanth Tharayil
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Ekambaram SP, Perumal SS, Balakrishnan A. Scope of Hydrolysable Tannins as Possible Antimicrobial Agent. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1035-45. [PMID: 27062587 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Hydrolysable tannins (HTs) are secondary metabolites from plants, which are roughly classified into gallotannins and ellagitannins having gallic acid and ellagic acid residues respectively attached to the hydroxyl group of glucose by ester linkage. The presence of hexahydroxydiphenoyl and nonahydroxyterphenoyl moieties is considered to render antimicrobial property to HTs. HTs also show considerable synergy with antibiotics. Nevertheless, they have low pharmacokinetic property. The present review presents the scope of HTs as future antimicrobial agent. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanmuga Priya Ekambaram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Anna University BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Senthamil Selvan Perumal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Anna University BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ajay Balakrishnan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Anna University BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamilnadu, India
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Park KH, Yin J, Yoon KH, Hwang YJ, Lee MW. Antiproliferative Effects of New Dimeric Ellagitannin from Cornus alba in Prostate Cancer Cells Including Apoptosis-Related S-Phase Arrest. Molecules 2016; 21:137. [PMID: 26805810 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity-guided isolation of 80% acetone extract of Cornusalba, which is traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory, hemostatic and diuretic in Korea, yielded one novel compound, tentatively designated cornusiin H (13), together with 12 known compounds. The known compounds included four flavonoids (catechin (1), quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucuronide (2), quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), kaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (4)) and eight hydrolysable tannins (gallic acid (5), 2,6-di-O-galloyl-hamamelofuranoside (6), 2-galloyl-4-caffeoyl-l-threonic acid (7) 2,3-di-O-galloyl-4-caffeoyl-l-threonic acid (8), 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (9), cornusiin B (10), cornusiin A (11) and camptothin B (12)). All compounds exhibited potent 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-free radical scavenging activity. Especially, the radical scavenging activities of 6 and 9–13 were higher than that of vitamin C. Compounds 9, 11, 12 and 13 inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells to the same degree as NG-Monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA). When the antiproliferative effects of the isolated compounds were assessed in prostate cancer cells, the dimeric ellagitannins (11–13) selectively inhibited LNCaP hormone-dependent prostate cancer cells. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that the dimeric ellagitannins induced apoptosis and S-phase arrest. These results suggest that dimeric ellagitannins from Cornusalba can be developed as functional materials or herbal medicines for prostate tumors such as benign prostate hyperplasia and early-stage prostate cancer.
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Salminen JP, Shikov AN, Karonen M, Pozharitskaya ON, Kim J, Makarov VG, Hiltunen R, Galambosi B. Rapid profiling of phenolic compounds of green and fermented Bergenia crassifolia L. leaves by UPLC-DAD-QqQ-MS and HPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:1530-3. [PMID: 24896228 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.923999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bergenia crassifolia L., Saxifragaceae, is an evergreen perennial plant known in traditional medicine of Russia, Mongolia and China. Polyphenols are responsible for the number of pharmacological effects of Bergenia. UPLC-DAD-QqQ-MS and LC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS were used for the rapid profiling of phenolic compounds, mainly hydrolysable tannins. Green leaves consisted of 55% ellagitannins, 29% gallic acid derivatives and 11% flavonoids, with the remaining gallic acid, arbutin, bergenin and caffeoyl quinic acid. In fermented leaves, 31% of gallic acid was found, followed with 28% ellagitannins, 18% gallic acid derivatives and 18% flavonoids, with the remaining caffeoyl quinic acid, bergenin and arbutin. Tellimagrandin I, pedunculagin, caffeoyl quinic acid, monogalloyl quinic acid, 1-O-galloylglucose and 1,2,6-tri-O-galloylglucose were identified for the very first time.
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