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Huang X, Han Y, Yang J, Bu L, Cheng X, Zha X, Chen H, Huang Y, Qu S. Sex-dependent impact of obesity on aggressiveness of papillary thyroid cancer. Hormones (Athens) 2024; 23:217-225. [PMID: 38112916 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-023-00517-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on the aggressiveness of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). METHODS A total of 1720 PTC patients with total thyroidectomy or lobectomy, from January 2017 to April 2020, were retrospectively evaluated. Based on BMI, they were divided into two groups, as follows: control (CON, < 24 kg/m2) and overweight and obesity (OB, ≥ 24 kg/m2), each sex being analyzed separately. RESULTS In the whole cohort, the OB group had significantly higher rates of extrathyroidal extension (21.5 vs. 16.8%, p = 0.013), multifocality (43.2 vs. 37.7%, p = 0.018), and BRAF-V600E mutation (82.9 vs. 79.3%, p = 0.015) than the CON group. In males, the OB group had increased rates of tumor size over 1cm (54.4 vs. 42.7%, p = 0.008), extrathyroidal extension (24.9 vs. 12.4%, p = 0.001), and multifocality (42.7 vs. 33.5%, p = 0.038). The OB group had significantly higher adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of 1.63 (1.14-2.33, p = 0.008), 2.12 (1.26-3.57, p = 0.005), and 1.56 (1.07-2.29, p = 0.022) for tumor size over 1cm, extrathyroidal extension, and multifocality compared with CON. Additionally, overweight and obesity were analyzed alone and the rates of extrathyroidal extension (30/100, 30.0%, p = 0.001) and tumor size over 1cm (65/100, 65.0%, p = 0.001) were significantly higher in the obesity group than in the overweight and CON groups. The obesity group had robust higher adjusted ORs of 2.51(1.50-4.20, p < 0.001), 2.93 (1.50-5.73, p = 0.002) and 1.89 (1.11-3.22, p = 0.020) for tumor size over 1cm, extrathyroidal extension, and multifocality compared with CON. CONCLUSIONS Overweight and obesity were predominant independent risk factors for PTC aggressiveness in males. These data indicated that the therapeutic treatment should be based on risk stratification by BMI in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Center of Thyroid Diseases, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Center of Thyroid Diseases, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Bu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Zha
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Center of Thyroid Diseases, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueye Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Center of Thyroid Diseases, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shen Qu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Center of Thyroid Diseases, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China.
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Biffoni M, Grani G, Melcarne R, Geronzi V, Consorti F, Ruggieri GD, Galvano A, Razlighi MH, Iannuzzi E, Engel TD, Pace D, Di Gioia CRT, Boniardi M, Durante C, Giacomelli L. Drawing as a Way of Knowing: How a Mapping Model Assists Preoperative Evaluation of Patients with Thyroid Carcinoma. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1389. [PMID: 38592234 PMCID: PMC10931768 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Effective pre-surgical planning is crucial for achieving successful outcomes in endocrine surgery: it is essential to provide patients with a personalized plan to minimize operative and postoperative risks. Methods: Preoperative lymph node (LN) mapping is a structured high-resolution ultrasonography examination performed in the presence of two endocrinologists and the operating surgeon before intervention to produce a reliable "anatomical guide". Our aim was to propose a preoperative complete model that is non-invasive, avoids overdiagnosis of thyroid microcarcinomas, and reduces medical expenses. Results: The use of 'preoperative echography mapping' has been shown to be successful, particularly in patients with suspected or confirmed neoplastic malignancy. Regarding prognosis, positive outcomes have been observed both post-surgery and in terms of recurrence rates. We collected data on parameters such as biological sex, age, BMI, and results from cytologic tests performed with needle aspiration, and examined whether these parameters predict tumor malignancy or aggressiveness, calculated using a multivariate analysis (MVA). Conclusions: A standard multidisciplinary approach for evaluating neck lymph nodes pre-operation has proven to be an improved diagnostic and preoperative tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Biffoni
- Department of General and Specialist Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (V.G.); (G.D.R.); (A.G.); (M.H.R.); (E.I.); (T.D.E.); (L.G.)
| | - Giorgio Grani
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.G.); (C.D.)
| | - Rossella Melcarne
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.G.); (C.D.)
| | - Valerio Geronzi
- Department of General and Specialist Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (V.G.); (G.D.R.); (A.G.); (M.H.R.); (E.I.); (T.D.E.); (L.G.)
| | - Fabrizio Consorti
- Department of General Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe De Ruggieri
- Department of General and Specialist Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (V.G.); (G.D.R.); (A.G.); (M.H.R.); (E.I.); (T.D.E.); (L.G.)
| | - Alessia Galvano
- Department of General and Specialist Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (V.G.); (G.D.R.); (A.G.); (M.H.R.); (E.I.); (T.D.E.); (L.G.)
| | - Maryam Hosseinpour Razlighi
- Department of General and Specialist Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (V.G.); (G.D.R.); (A.G.); (M.H.R.); (E.I.); (T.D.E.); (L.G.)
| | - Eva Iannuzzi
- Department of General and Specialist Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (V.G.); (G.D.R.); (A.G.); (M.H.R.); (E.I.); (T.D.E.); (L.G.)
| | - Tal Deborah Engel
- Department of General and Specialist Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (V.G.); (G.D.R.); (A.G.); (M.H.R.); (E.I.); (T.D.E.); (L.G.)
| | - Daniela Pace
- Department of Endocrinology, Valmontone Hospital, 00038 Valmontone, Italy;
| | - Cira Rosaria Tiziana Di Gioia
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Boniardi
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, Niguarda Hospital, 20162 Milan, Italy;
| | - Cosimo Durante
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.G.); (C.D.)
| | - Laura Giacomelli
- Department of General and Specialist Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (V.G.); (G.D.R.); (A.G.); (M.H.R.); (E.I.); (T.D.E.); (L.G.)
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Kim M, Kang YE, Park YJ, Koo BS, Ku EJ, Choi JY, Lee EK, Kim BH. Potential impact of obesity on the aggressiveness of low- to intermediate-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma: results from a MASTER cohort study. Endocrine 2023; 82:134-142. [PMID: 37516686 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03416-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity is associated with an increased risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Evidence of the impact of obesity on PTC aggressiveness is scarce. We aimed to evaluate the association between the body mass index (BMI) and the presence of aggressive features of low- to intermediate-risk PTC in a prospective cohort. METHODS We prospectively enrolled 1,032 patients with low- to intermediate-risk PTC who underwent lobectomy at 22 hospitals in Korea and divided into three groups according to BMI, as follows: normal/underweight ( < 23 kg/m2), overweight (23-24.9 kg/m2), and obese ( ≥ 25 kg/m2). Clinicopathological features of PTC at diagnosis were evaluated. RESULTS Obese patients had a higher rate of macro-PTC ( > 1 cm) and greater incidence of extra-thyroidal extension (ETE), vascular invasion, and intermediate-risk tumors than those not classified as obese. Increased BMI was positively associated with the incidence of macro-PTC, ETE, vascular invasion, and intermediate-risk category. After adjusting for age, sex, pathological features, metabolic syndrome, thyroid function test, and smoking habits, obesity was a risk factor for ETE (odds ratio [OR] = 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-2.5, p = 0.005) and intermediate-risk PTC (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1-2.5, p = 0.011) in women. The association between obesity and ETE was significant regardless of whether or not women had metabolic syndrome. There was no significant association between obesity and aggressive PTC features in men. CONCLUSION BMI at the time of thyroid cancer diagnosis may affect the aggressiveness of low- to intermediate-risk PTC, especially in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yae Eun Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon Seok Koo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eu Jeong Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - June Young Choi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Lee
- Center for Thyroid Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bo Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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Grani G, Gentili M, Siciliano F, Albano D, Zilioli V, Morelli S, Puxeddu E, Zatelli MC, Gagliardi I, Piovesan A, Nervo A, Crocetti U, Massa M, Samà MT, Mele C, Deandrea M, Fugazzola L, Puligheddu B, Antonelli A, Rossetto R, D'Amore A, Ceresini G, Castello R, Solaroli E, Centanni M, Monti S, Magri F, Bruno R, Sparano C, Pezzullo L, Crescenzi A, Mian C, Tumino D, Repaci A, Castagna MG, Triggiani V, Porcelli T, Meringolo D, Locati L, Spiazzi G, Di Dalmazi G, Anagnostopoulos A, Leonardi S, Filetti S, Durante C. A Data-Driven Approach to Refine Predictions of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Outcomes: A Prospective Multicenter Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:1921-1928. [PMID: 36795619 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The risk stratification of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is crucial in clinical decision making. The most widely accepted method to assess risk of recurrent/persistent disease is described in the 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines. However, recent research has focused on the inclusion of novel features or questioned the relevance of currently included features. OBJECTIVE To develop a comprehensive data-driven model to predict persistent/recurrent disease that can capture all available features and determine the weight of predictors. METHODS In a prospective cohort study, using the Italian Thyroid Cancer Observatory (ITCO) database (NCT04031339), we selected consecutive cases with DTC and at least early follow-up data (n = 4773; median follow-up 26 months; interquartile range, 12-46 months) at 40 Italian clinical centers. A decision tree was built to assign a risk index to each patient. The model allowed us to investigate the impact of different variables in risk prediction. RESULTS By ATA risk estimation, 2492 patients (52.2%) were classified as low, 1873 (39.2%) as intermediate, and 408 as high risk. The decision tree model outperformed the ATA risk stratification system: the sensitivity of high-risk classification for structural disease increased from 37% to 49%, and the negative predictive value for low-risk patients increased by 3%. Feature importance was estimated. Several variables not included in the ATA system significantly impacted the prediction of disease persistence/recurrence: age, body mass index, tumor size, sex, family history of thyroid cancer, surgical approach, presurgical cytology, and circumstances of the diagnosis. CONCLUSION Current risk stratification systems may be complemented by the inclusion of other variables in order to improve the prediction of treatment response. A complete dataset allows for more precise patient clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Grani
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Gentili
- Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering "Antonio Ruberti", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Siciliano
- Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering "Antonio Ruberti", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Albano
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Università e ASST-Spedali Civili- Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Valentina Zilioli
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Università e ASST-Spedali Civili- Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Morelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Efisio Puxeddu
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Zatelli
- Section of Endocrinology, Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Irene Gagliardi
- Section of Endocrinology, Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Piovesan
- Oncological Endocrinology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Alice Nervo
- Oncological Endocrinology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Umberto Crocetti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Michela Massa
- Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Samà
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Mele
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Maurilio Deandrea
- UO Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Malattie del metabolismo, AO Ordine Mauriziano Torino, 10128 Torino, Italy
| | - Laura Fugazzola
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Puligheddu
- Department of Endocrinology and Andrology, Humanitas Gradenigo, University of Turin, 10153 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ruth Rossetto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza Turin, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Annamaria D'Amore
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Gastroenterologic, Endocrine-Metabolic and Nephro-Urologic sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Graziano Ceresini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Roberto Castello
- Department of Medicine, Hospital and University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Erica Solaroli
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, AUSL, 40124 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Centanni
- Department of Medico-surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, and UOC Endocrinologia, AUSL Latina, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Monti
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Sant'Andrea, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Magri
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics and Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Rocco Bruno
- Thyroid Unit, Tinchi Hospital-ASM Matera, 75100 Matera, Italy
| | - Clotilde Sparano
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Luciano Pezzullo
- Struttura Complessa Chirurgia Oncologica della Tiroide, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Crescenzi
- Unit of Endocrine Organs and Neuromuscular Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Mian
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine-DIMED University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy
| | - Dario Tumino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Repaci
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Castagna
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Triggiani
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" School of Medicine, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Tommaso Porcelli
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Laura Locati
- Translational Oncology Unit, IRCCS ICS Maugeri, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Spiazzi
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Giulia Di Dalmazi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Aris Anagnostopoulos
- Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering "Antonio Ruberti", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Leonardi
- Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering "Antonio Ruberti", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Filetti
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Cosimo Durante
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Matrone A, Basolo A, Santini F, Elisei R. Understanding the effect of obesity on papillary thyroid cancer: is there a need for tailored diagnostic and therapeutic management? Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2022; 17:475-484. [PMID: 36203362 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2022.2131529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies have focused on the relationship between obesity and differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), particularly papillary histotype (PTC). However, the association of obesity with both incidence and aggressiveness of PTC is still incompletely understood. AREAS COVERED We reviewed the mechanisms underlying the cross talk between obesity and thyroid carcinomas and described the most recent evidence evaluating the effect of obesity on the development of PTC, as well as the impact of excessive body weight on the clinicopathologic features and outcome of this type of cancer. EXPERT OPINION Available evidence suggests that excessive body weight is linked with a higher risk of getting PTC, while its impact on the aggressiveness of the disease, if present, is still not clear. Therefore, while attention should be paid to discover thyroid cancer in patients with obesity earlier, once diagnosed it should be managed following a conventional workup as in normal weight patients, based on the clinical presentation of the disease and including active surveillance if appropriate, as recommended by referral guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Matrone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa - via Paradisa 2, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessio Basolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa - via Paradisa 2, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Santini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa - via Paradisa 2, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossella Elisei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa - via Paradisa 2, Pisa, Italy
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Song JL, Li LR, Yu XZ, Zhan L, Xu ZL, Li JJ, Sun SR, Chen C. Association between metabolic syndrome and clinicopathological features of papillary thyroid cancer. Endocrine 2022; 75:865-871. [PMID: 34826117 PMCID: PMC8617556 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02940-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was a risk factor for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Whether MetS impacts the aggressiveness of PTC is still unclear. We carried out this study to clarify this issue. METHODS We evaluated 745 consecutive PTC patients treated with surgery. Patients were divided into three groups based on their number of MetS components: patients without any MetS components, patients with 1-2 MetS components, and patients with 3-5 MetS components. The clinical features and histological aggressiveness of PTC at the time of diagnosis were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 745 patients were included in this study. And, 145 patients had three or more metabolic components and were diagnosed as MetS. MetS was a risk factor for larger tumors (OR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.31-4.03), more lymph node metastasis (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.11-3.51), and later clinical stage (OR = 7.92, 95% CI: 1.59-39.34) after correction for age, sex, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level and body mass index (BMI). CONCLUSION In our hospital-based cohort study MetS was associated with the aggressiveness of PTC. This association was still significant after adjusting for age, sex, TSH, and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Long Song
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Ling-Rui Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Xi-Zi Yu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Ling Zhan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Zhi-Liang Xu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Juan-Juan Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Sheng-Rong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Chuang Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China.
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Li C, Guan H, He Q, Zhao Y, Liang N, Zhang J, Dionigi G, Sun H. The relationship between lipotoxicity and risk of extrathyroidal extension in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Endocrine 2021; 74:646-657. [PMID: 34189681 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02809-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between triglyceride (TG) levels and aggressive pathological characteristics in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) patients, especially the relationship between TG, BMI, age, and extrathyroidal extension (ETE). METHODS A retrospective analysis of 9663 patients with PTMC in a single center from 2010 to 2017 was included in this study. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between serum TG and aggressive pathological characteristics of PTMC in different genders. Further analyzing the risk of high TG in different ages and BMI groups. RESULTS Even after adjustment for confounding factors, high TG is still a risk factor for ETE in women with PTMC, but not a risk factor for men. Compared with the group with lower than 0.90 mmol/L, when the TG level is higher than 1.93 mmol/L, the risk of ETE in women increased by about 1.35-fold. The remaining two variables (BMI, age) as risk factors for ETE are analyzed. In the normal BMI group, high TG is still a risk factor for ETE. The risk of ETE in women more than 55 years old is significantly increased by 1.96-fold (1.34-fold in less than 55 years). CONCLUSION High TG in women is positively correlated with the risk of ETE in PTMC. PTMC with high TG in elderly women (more than 55 years) has a higher risk of ETE. TG is a potential serological index for predicting the risk of ETE in women with normal BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlin Li
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Thyroid Disease Prevention and Control, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Haixia Guan
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Qiao He
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yishen Zhao
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Thyroid Disease Prevention and Control, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Nan Liang
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Thyroid Disease Prevention and Control, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Thyroid Disease Prevention and Control, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Gianlorenzo Dionigi
- Division for Endocrine and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi,", University Hospital G. Martino, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria 1, Messina, Italy.
| | - Hui Sun
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Thyroid Disease Prevention and Control, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
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Cui N, Sun Q, Chen L. A meta-analysis of the influence of body mass index on the clinicopathologic progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26882. [PMID: 34397906 PMCID: PMC8360437 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) incidence has been increasing worldwide. Obesity, that is, having a high body mass index, is associated with the incidence of several cancers including colon, breast, esophageal, and kidney cancer. However, the association between obesity and the clinical features of PTC is still unknown. This study aimed to determine the impact of obesity on the clinical features of PTC. METHOD A database search was conducted for articles published up to 2020 on obesity and clinical features of PTC. Data were extracted from articles that met the meta-analysis inclusion criteria. RESULTS A total of 11 retrospective cohorts and 11,729 patients were included. Obesity was associated with the following variables in PTC patients: older age (difference in means = 1.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.16-3.74, P = .03), male sex (odds ratio [OR] = 3.13, 95%CI 2.24-4.38, P < .00001), tumor size ≥1 cm (OR = 1.34, 95%CI 1.11-1.61, P < .002), multifocality (OR = 1.54, 95%CI 1.27-1.88, P < .0001), extrathyroidal extension (OR = 1.78, 95%CI 1.22-2.59, P = .003) and advanced tumor, node, metastasis stage (OR = 1.68, 95%CI 1.44-1.96, P < .00001). Preoperative serum thyroid-stimulating hormone level (difference in means = 0.09, 95%CI 0.35-0.52, P = .70), Vascular invasion (OR = 0.84, 95%CI 0.56-1.26, P = .41), lymph node metastasis (OR = 1.07, 95%CI 0.87-1.32, P = .50), distant metastasis (OR = 1.14, 95%CI 0.64-2.04, P = .66), and recurrence (OR = 1.45, 95%CI 0.97-2.15, P = .07) were not associated with obesity. CONCLUSION Obesity was associated with several poor clinicopathologic prognostic features: older age, male gender, tumor size ≥1 cm, extrathyroidal extension, multifocality, and advanced tumor/node/metastasis stage. However, thyroid-stimulating hormone level, vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and recurrence were not associated with obesity in PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Cui
- Department of Trauma Center and Burns, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Anorectal, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Geriatric ward, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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9
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Association of BMI with Clinicopathological Features of Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. World J Surg 2021; 45:2805-2815. [PMID: 34136926 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-021-06193-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common subtype of thyroid cancer. The incidence of PTC is rising in tandem with an obesity epidemic. Associations have been demonstrated between increased body mass index (BMI) and worse oncological outcomes in a number of malignancies. However, research on this topic in PTC to date has been inconsistent, often due to limited data. This study aimed to measure the association between BMI and potentially adverse clinicopathological features of PTC. METHODS A meta-analysis of studies reporting outcomes after surgical treatment of PTC was performed. PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched systematically to identify studies which provided data on BMI and clinicopathologic features of PTC. Relevant data were extracted and synthesis performed using adjusted odds ratios where available and crude values when not. Data were analysed by inverse variance using random and fixed effects models. RESULTS Data on 35,237 patients from 15 studies met the criteria for inclusion. Obesity was associated with larger tumour size (MD = 0.17 cm [0.05, 0.29]), increased rates of multifocality (OR = 1.41 [1.16, 1.70]), extrathyroidal extension (OR = 1.70 [1.39, 2.07]) and nodal spread (OR = 1.18 [1.07, 1.30]). Associations were more pronounced as BMI increased. There was no association between BMI and bilaterality, vascular invasion or metastatic spread. CONCLUSION Increased BMI is significantly associated with multiple potentially adverse features of PTC. The effect on long-term oncological outcomes requires further evaluation.
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10
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Economides A, Giannakou K, Mamais I, Economides PA, Papageorgis P. Association Between Aggressive Clinicopathologic Features of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Body Mass Index: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:692879. [PMID: 34276564 PMCID: PMC8279812 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.692879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between adiposity and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has been reported in several studies, but its association with aggressive clinicopathologic features is not well-recognized. Our aim is to systematically review the literature to identify whether adiposity, expressed through Body Mass Index (BMI), is related to aggressive clinicopathologic features such as tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, extrathyroidal extension (ETE), lymph node (LN) metastasis and multifocality in patients with PTC. METHODS A systematic search for articles was performed using the PubMed, EBSCO, and Cochrane Library for all articles published in English until December 2020. Specific keywords such as "papillary thyroid carcinoma", "Body Mass Index", "clinicopathologic features" were used in the search strategy. Two independent reviewers screened all retrieved articles based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was performed in the studies that reported crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR). The methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS A total of 11 retrospective cohort studies involving 26,196 participants included. Our findings showed that elevated BMI was significantly associated with ETE in both overweight (OR 1.26, 95% CI: 1.09-1.44) and obesity group (OR 1.45, 95% CI:1.26-1.64). Elevated BMI was also significantly associated with multifocality in overweight patients (OR 1.17, 95% CI:1.10-1.24) and obese patients (OR 1.45, 95% CI:1.29-1.62). Also, obesity was significantly associated with increased tumor size (OR 1.77, 95% CI:1.52-2.03) and with LN metastasis (OR 1.28, 95% CI: 1.12-1.44), whereas being overweight was significantly associated with advanced TNM stage (OR 1.55, 95% CI:1.27-1.83). CONCLUSION Our results provide strong evidence for the association between higher BMI and ETE, multifocality, and tumor size. Further studies with a larger number of participants are required to elucidate further the association of increased BMI with advanced TNM stage and LN metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliki Economides
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Thyroid & Endocrinology Center, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Konstantinos Giannakou
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ioannis Mamais
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Panayiotis A. Economides
- Thyroid & Endocrinology Center, Nicosia, Cyprus
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Panagiotis Papageorgis
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- *Correspondence: Panagiotis Papageorgis,
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11
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Wang H, Wang P, Wu Y, Hou X, Peng Z, Yang W, Guan L, Hu L, Zhi J, Gao M, Zheng X. Correlation between obesity and clinicopathological characteristics in patients with papillary thyroid cancer: a study of 1579 cases: a retrospective study. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9675. [PMID: 33194342 PMCID: PMC7485482 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and clinicopathological characteristics in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods The clinical data of 1,579 patients with PTC, admitted to our hospital from May 2016 to March 2017, were retrospectively analyzed. According to the different BMI of patients, it can be divided into underweight recombination (BMI < 18.5 kg/m), normal body recombination (18.5 ≤ BMI < 24.0 kg/m2), overweight recombination (24.0 ≤ BMI < 28.0 kg/m2) and obesity group (BMI ≥ 28.0 kg/m2). The clinicopathological characteristics of PTC in patients with different BMIs group were compared. Results In our study, the risk for extrathyroidal extension (ETE), advanced T stage (T III/IV), and advanced tumor-node-metastasis stage (TNM III/IV) in the overweight group were higher, with OR (odds ratio) = 1.99(1.41-2.81), OR = 2.01(1.43-2.84), OR = 2.94(1.42-6.07), respectively, relative to the normal weight group. The risk for ETE and T III/IV stage in the obese group were higher, with OR = 1.82(1.23-2.71) and OR = 1.82(1.23-2.70), respectively, relative to the normal weight group. Conclusion BMI is associated with the invasiveness of PTC. There is a higher risk for ETE and TNM III/IV stage among patients with PTC in the overweight group and for ETE among patients with PTC in the obese group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Rizhao Central Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian, China
| | - Xiukun Hou
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Zechun Peng
- Department of Urology Surgery, AreaII, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lizhao Guan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Linfei Hu
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingtai Zhi
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangqian Zheng
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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12
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Li CL, Dionigi G, Zhao YS, Liang N, Sun H. Influence of body mass index on the clinicopathological features of 13,995 papillary thyroid tumors. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:1283-1299. [PMID: 32166701 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01216-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This retrospective study aimed to assess the association between obesity, gender, and specific clinicopathological features in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and whether diagnostic ultrasonography (US) is adversely affected by obesity in these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study retrospectively analyzed 13,995 adult patients with PTC from a single medical center in China. Data stratification was performed to assess the association of obesity with US features and aggressive clinicopathological features in different models according to the World Health Organization Body Mass Index (WHO-BMI) and Chinese BMI classification (CN-BMI). The odds ratio (OR) of malignant US features and aggressive clinicopathological features was calculated from binary logistic regression models. RESULTS The BMI, obesity ratio, malignant US features, and aggressive pathological characteristics of males were significantly higher than those of females. After adjusting for confounding factors, the association of obesity with malignant US features and aggressive pathological characteristics was found to be sex-dependent. Next, obesity (WHO-BMI) was found to have an "interfering effect" on the US assessment of PTC (OR = 0.754, 95% CI 0.609-0.932, P = 0.009) in women. Among both sexes, obesity (WHO-BMI) increased the risk of tumor size (ORmale = 1.539 and ORfemale = 1.521) and multifocality (ORmale = 1.659 and ORfemale = 1.449). However, obesity did not increase the risk of capsular invasion or tumor staging in males. The above results are consistent with the CN-BMI. In addition, age was found to have an "interfering effect" on the US evaluation of malignant nodules in both sexes. CONCLUSION The results of our study confirm that higher BMI is significantly associated with aggressive clinicopathological features of PTC. Gender differences were present with obesity ratios and aggressive clinicopathological features being significantly higher in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Li
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Thyroid Disease Prevention and Control, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - G Dionigi
- Division for Endocrine and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi", University Hospital G. Martino, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria 1, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Y S Zhao
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Thyroid Disease Prevention and Control, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - N Liang
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Thyroid Disease Prevention and Control, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - H Sun
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Thyroid Disease Prevention and Control, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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13
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Matrone A, Ceccarini G, Beghini M, Ferrari F, Gambale C, D'Aqui M, Piaggi P, Torregrossa L, Molinaro E, Basolo F, Vitti P, Santini F, Elisei R. Potential Impact of BMI on the Aggressiveness of Presentation and Clinical Outcome of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5687038. [PMID: 31875910 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for several cancers, including differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Moreover, it has also been investigated as a potential risk factor for aggressiveness of DTC, but the data gathered so far are conflicting. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI), aggressiveness of DTC at diagnosis, and clinical outcome. METHODS We evaluated 1058 consecutive DTC patients treated with total thyroidectomy and enrolled at the time of first radioactive iodine (131I) treatment. Patients were divided into 4 groups based on their BMI: underweight (< 18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25-29.9 kg/m2), and obese (≥ 30 kg/m2). Histological aggressiveness of DTC at the time of diagnosis and clinical outcome according to 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines were evaluated. RESULTS No differences in histological features, ATA risk of recurrence, activity of 131I administered and prevalence of 131I avid metastatic disease after first131I treatment, have been demonstrated among the groups. Furthermore, at the end of follow up (median = 5.7 years), no differences were evident in the number of further treatments performed as well as in the clinical response. CONCLUSIONS In our study group of Caucasian subjects, we could not demonstrate any association between BMI and aggressiveness of DTC, neither at the time of diagnosis nor during follow-up. These data indicate that postsurgical assessment and therapeutic attitude for treatment and follow-up of DTC should be based on the class of risk applied to the general population, with no concern for BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Matrone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ceccarini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marianna Beghini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Ferrari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carla Gambale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mariaida D'Aqui
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Piaggi
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health-Phoenix, Arizona US
| | - Liborio Torregrossa
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, Anatomic Pathology Section, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Molinaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fulvio Basolo
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, Anatomic Pathology Section, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Vitti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Santini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossella Elisei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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14
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Association between subjective symptoms and obesity and postoperative recurrence in differentiated thyroid cancer: a matched-pair analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3679. [PMID: 32111875 PMCID: PMC7048844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60276-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Several patients with thyroid cancer experience symptom distress after diagnosis and surgery. Data on the association between symptomatology and disease recurrence are limited. A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database was performed, and 57 patients who had recurrence after operation of differentiated thyroid cancer were identified. Controlling for age, sex, surgery, and tumour stage, 114 patients without recurrent disease were selected by case-control matching. Subjective symptoms at follow-up visits were extracted from medical records and classified into three symptom clusters: pharyngolaryngeal, psychoneurological, and gastrointestinal. Compared to the control group, patients with recurrence had higher symptom totals in the pharyngolaryngeal (P < 0.001) and psychoneurological clusters (P = 0.005). Symptom score >3 yielded a sensitivity of 61.4% and a specificity of 80.7% to predict recurrence. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that high symptom score (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.184), family history of thyroid cancer (HR = 2.463), and obesity (HR = 1.981) were independently associated with disease recurrence. Taken together, the likelihood of postoperative recurrence seemed to increase with high self-perceived symptom burden, family history, and obesity in patients with thyroid cancer. The results could be applied to the recurrence surveillance and symptomatic management of thyroid cancer post-operation.
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15
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Barrea L, Gallo M, Ruggeri RM, Giacinto PD, Sesti F, Prinzi N, Adinolfi V, Barucca V, Renzelli V, Muscogiuri G, Colao A, Baldelli R. Nutritional status and follicular-derived thyroid cancer: An update. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:25-59. [PMID: 31997660 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1714542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer has been increasing in the last decades all over the world. Such a steady growth cannot be entirely attributable to more intensive thyroid nodule screening and more sensitive diagnostic procedures. Several environmental factors have changed with sufficient rapidity in the same time frame and may represent credible candidates for this increase. They include modified iodine intake, lifestyle-associated risk factors, exposure to various toxic compounds, pollutants and xenobiotics, nutritional deficiencies, eating habits and comorbidities. Foremost, nutritional patterns have gained high interest as possible promoters and modifiable risk factors for thyroid cancer in recent years. The aim of this narrative review is to focus on the relationship between thyroid cancer and nutritional factors, dietary habits and obesity. Low iodine intake has been associated to increased risk of thyroid cancer, favoring the development of more aggressive histotypes. Moreover, correction of iodine deficiency can shift thyroid cancer subtypes toward less aggressive forms, without affecting the overall risk for cancer. Actually, evidence regarding the association between selenium and vitamin D deficiency and thyroid cancer is very limited, despite their well-known anti-cancer potentials, and the clinical usefulness of their supplementation is still uncertain in this setting. Albeit the relationship between single foods and thyroid cancer is difficult to examine, fish and iodine-rich foods, vegetables, and fruits might exert protective effects on thyroid cancer risk. Conversely, no clear association has been found for other foods to date. Lastly, a clear association between obesity and the risk of thyroid cancer, with more aggressive behavior, seems to emerge from most studies, likely involving variations in thyroid function and chronic inflammation mediated by cytokines, insulin, leptin and adiponectins. Although no definite association between dietary factors and thyroid cancer has been firmly established so far, some nutritional patterns, together with excessive weight, seem to play a relevant role in thyroid cancer carcinogenesis as well as in its severity and aggressiveness. These effects may play an additive role to the well-established one exerted by environmental carcinogens, such as pollutants and radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Gallo
- Oncological Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Rosaria Maddalena Ruggeri
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Di Giacinto
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Oncology and Medical Specialities, A.O. San Camillo-Forlanini, Rome, Italy
| | - Franz Sesti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Natalie Prinzi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori Milano, ENETS Center of Excellence, Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Adinolfi
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, ASL Verbano Cusio Ossola, Domodossola, Italy
| | - Viola Barucca
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, S. Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Renzelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Baldelli
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Oncology and Medical Specialities, A.O. San Camillo-Forlanini, Rome, Italy
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Zhao S, Jia X, Fan X, Zhao L, Pang P, Wang Y, Luo Y, Wang F, Yang G, Wang X, Gu W, Zang L, Pei Y, Du J, Ba J, Dou J, Mu Y, Lyu Z. Association of obesity with the clinicopathological features of thyroid cancer in a large, operative population: A retrospective case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e18213. [PMID: 31852078 PMCID: PMC6922396 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the association between excess body mass index (BMI) and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in an operative population, and the impact of higher BMI on clinicopathological aggressiveness of PTC.Charts of 10,844 consecutive patients with thyroid nodules undergoing partial or total thyroidectomy between 1993 and 2015 were reviewed. Patients diagnosed with PTC were stratified in 4 groups: BMI < 18.5 (underweight), 18.5 ≤ BMI < 24 (normal-weight), 24 ≤ BMI < 28 (overweight) and BMI ≥ 28(obese). The impacts of high BMI on prevalence and clinicopathological parameters of PTC were retrospectively analyzed in both univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis.For every 5-unit increase in body mass, the odds of risk-adjusted malignance increased by 36.6%. The individuals who were obese and overweight were associated with high risk of thyroid cancer [odds ratio (OR)= 1.982, P < .001; OR= 1.377, P < .001; respectively] compared to normal weight patients, and this positive association was found in both genders. Obesity was independent predictors for tumors larger than 1 cm (OR = 1.562, P < .001) and multifocality (OR = 1.616, P < .001). However, there was no difference in cervical lymph node (LN) metastasis among BMI groups. Crude analysis showed BMI was associated with advanced tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (relative risk, approximately 1.23 per 5 BMI units, P < .001), but this association disappeared after adjusting for confounding factors.Obesity was significantly associated with the risk of PTC in a large, operative population. Higher BMI was significantly associated with larger tumor size and multifocal tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Zhao
- The Department and Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing
| | - Xiaomeng Jia
- The Department and Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing
| | - Xiaojing Fan
- The Department and Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing
| | - Ling Zhao
- The Department and Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing
| | - Ping Pang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan Branch of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan
| | - Yajing Wang
- The Department and Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing
| | - Yukun Luo
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital
| | - Fulin Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqing Yang
- The Department and Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing
| | - Xianling Wang
- The Department and Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing
| | - Weijun Gu
- The Department and Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing
| | - Li Zang
- The Department and Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing
| | - Yu Pei
- The Department and Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing
| | - Jin Du
- The Department and Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing
| | - Jianming Ba
- The Department and Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing
| | - Jingtao Dou
- The Department and Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing
| | - Yiming Mu
- The Department and Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing
| | - Zhaohui Lyu
- The Department and Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing
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Han J, Chen M, Fang Q, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Esma J, Qiao H. Prediction of the Prognosis Based on Chromosomal Instability-Related DNA Methylation Patterns of ELOVL2 and UBAC2 in PTCs. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 18:650-660. [PMID: 31698312 PMCID: PMC6906861 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common malignant tumor of endocrine systems. Chromosomal instability (CIN) is crucial to the clinical prognoses of tumor patients. DNA methylation plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression and CIN. Based on PTC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, we used multiple regression analyses to identify methylation patterns of CpG sites with the strongest correlation with gene expression. A total of 4,997 genes were obtained through combining the CpG sites, which were represented as featured DNA methylation patterns. In order to identify CIN-related epigenetic markers of PTC survival, we developed a method to characterize CIN based on DNA methylation patterns of genes using the Student’s t statistics. We found that 1,239 genes were highly associated with CIN. With the use of the log-rank test, univariate Cox regression analyses, and the Kaplan-Meier method, DNA methylation patterns of UBAC2 and ELOVL2, highly correlated with CIN, provided potential prognostic values for PTC. The higher these two genes, risk scores were correlated with worse PTC patient prognoses. Moreover, the ELOVL2 risk score was significantly different in the four stages of PTC, suggesting that it was related to the progress of PTC. The DNA methylation pattern associated with CIN may therefore be a good predictor of PTC survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Meijun Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qingxiao Fang
- Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- Hematological Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jamaspishvili Esma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hong Qiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
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Gąsior-Perczak D, Pałyga I, Szymonek M, Kowalik A, Walczyk A, Kopczyński J, Lizis-Kolus K, Trybek T, Mikina E, Szyska-Skrobot D, Gadawska-Juszczyk K, Hurej S, Szczodry A, Słuszniak A, Słuszniak J, Mężyk R, Góźdź S, Kowalska A. The impact of BMI on clinical progress, response to treatment, and disease course in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204668. [PMID: 30273371 PMCID: PMC6166948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity is a serious health problem worldwide, particularly in developed countries. It is a risk factor for many diseases, including thyroid cancer. The relationship between obesity and prognostic factors of thyroid cancer is unclear. Aims We sought to ascertain the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and clinicopathological features increasing the risk of poor clinical course, treatment response, and clinical outcome in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Subjects & methods The study included 1181 patients with DTC (88% women and 12% men) treated at a single center from 2000 to 2016. BMI before surgery and aggressive clinicopathological features, according to the American Thyroid Initial Risk stratification system, were analyzed. The relationship between BMI and initial risk, treatment response, and final status of the disease was evaluated, incorporating the revised 2015 American Thyroid Association guidelines and the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer/Tumor-Node-Metastasis (AJCC/TNM) staging system. Patients were stratified according to the World Health Organization classification of BMI. Statistical analysis was performed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Median follow-up was 7.7 years (1–16 years). There were no significant associations between BMI and extrathyroidal extension (microscopic and gross), cervical lymph node metastasis, or distant metastasis in univariate and multivariate analyses. BMI did not affect initial risk, treatment response or disease outcome. Obesity was more prevalent in men (p = 0.035) and in patients ≥55 years old (p = 0.001). There was no statistically significant relationship between BMI and more advanced TNM stage in patients ≤55 years old (stage I vs. stage II) (p = 0.266) or in patients >55 years old (stage I–II vs. III–IV) (p = 0.877). Conclusions Obesity is not associated with more aggressive clinicopathological features of thyroid cancer. Obesity is not a risk factor for progression to more advanced stages of disease, nor is it a prognostic factor for poorer treatment response and clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iwona Pałyga
- Endocrinology Clinic, Holycross Cancer Centre, Kielce, Poland
| | - Monika Szymonek
- Endocrinology Clinic, Holycross Cancer Centre, Kielce, Poland
| | - Artur Kowalik
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Holycross Cancer Centre, Kielce, Poland
| | | | - Janusz Kopczyński
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Holycross Cancer Centre, Kielce, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Trybek
- Endocrinology Clinic, Holycross Cancer Centre, Kielce, Poland
| | - Estera Mikina
- Endocrinology Clinic, Holycross Cancer Centre, Kielce, Poland
| | | | | | - Stefan Hurej
- Endocrinology Clinic, Holycross Cancer Centre, Kielce, Poland
| | - Artur Szczodry
- Endocrinology Clinic, Holycross Cancer Centre, Kielce, Poland
| | - Anna Słuszniak
- Laboratory of Tumor Markers, Holycross Cancer Centre, Kielce, Poland
| | - Janusz Słuszniak
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Holycross Cancer Centre, Kielce, Poland
| | - Ryszard Mężyk
- Cancer Epidemiology, Holycross Cancer Centre, Kielce, Poland
| | - Stanisław Góźdź
- Oncology Clinic, Holycross Cancer Centre, Kielce, Poland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Aldona Kowalska
- Endocrinology Clinic, Holycross Cancer Centre, Kielce, Poland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
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Wu C, Wang L, Chen W, Zou S, Yang A. Associations between body mass index and lymph node metastases of patients with papillary thyroid cancer: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6202. [PMID: 28248875 PMCID: PMC5340448 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that obesity is a risk of thyroid cancer, especially papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). However, the associations of obesity and clinic-pathological features, especially the association of body mass index (BMI) and lymph node metastasis of thyroid cancer are unclear. Seven hundred ninety-six primary patients with PTC were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. The relationships between BMI and clinic-pathological features of PTC were evaluated by logistic regression models based on the 5-point increase in BMI and BMI quartiles (underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity). The 5-point increase in BMI was strongly associated with extra-thyroidal invasion [odds ratio (OR) 2.201, P < 0.001], primary tumor size larger than 1 cm (OR 1.267, P = 0.027), advanced tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging (OR 1.479, P = 0.004), and multifocality (OR 1.31, P = 0.01) in multivariable-adjusted models. The relationships between BMI and lymph node metastasis of PTC were evaluated by Mann-Whitney U test. The mean number of positive central lymph nodes and lateral nodes were increased with the increase of BMI when BMI ≥18.5 kg/m. It was not shown in underweight group. The present study found that increased BMI was associated with the lymph node metastases (LNMs) of patients with PTC, and other invasive features, including large tumor size, extra-thyroidal invasion, advanced TNM staging, and multifocality. Further studies with long-term follow-up are needed to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhua Wu
- Department of School of Medical and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of School of Medical and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wanjun Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shujuan Zou
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Aiju Yang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Yu ST, Chen W, Cai Q, Liang F, Xu D, Han P, Yu J, Huang X. Pretreatment BMI Is Associated with Aggressive Clinicopathological Features of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Multicenter Study. Int J Endocrinol 2017; 2017:5841942. [PMID: 29085428 PMCID: PMC5632484 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5841942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to analyze the association between pretreatment body mass index (BMI) and the aggressiveness of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) along with its clinical outcomes in a Chinese population with BMI classification for Asians. METHODS A retrospective, observational study was conducted on patients from two teaching hospitals in China. 1622 classical PTC patients were categorized into four groups according to BMI. RESULTS We found that increased BMI was associated with extrathyroidal extension, multifocality, the presence of lymph node (LN) metastasis, and advancing TNM stage in PTC patients. Furthermore, compared to patients with normal weight, those in the overweight and obese group exhibited a significantly increased risk of extrathyroidal extension, multifocality, cervical LN metastasis, and advanced TNM stage. 40 and 37 patients experienced persistent and recurrent disease, respectively. No differences regarding persistent disease or recurrence were observed among the BMI groups. CONCLUSION A higher pretreatment BMI has been strongly associated with aggressive features of PTC according to the BMI classification for Asians. Obesity was not found to be associated with a greater risk of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-tong Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Wanzhi Chen
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Qian Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Faya Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Debin Xu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Ping Han
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Jichun Yu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Xiaoming Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
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Is body mass index relevant to prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma? A clinicopathological cohort study. Surg Today 2016; 47:506-512. [DOI: 10.1007/s00595-016-1417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hwang Y, Lee KE, Park YJ, Kim SJ, Kwon H, Park DJ, Cho B, Choi HC, Kang D, Park SK. Annual Average Changes in Adult Obesity as a Risk Factor for Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Large-Scale Case-Control Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2893. [PMID: 26945379 PMCID: PMC4782863 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the association between weight change in middle-aged adults and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) based on a large-scale case-control study. Our study included data from 1551 PTC patients (19.3% men and 80.7% women) who underwent thyroidectomy at the 3 general hospitals in Korea and 15,510 individually matched control subjects. The subjects' weight history, epidemiologic information, and tumor characteristics confirmed after thyroidectomy were analyzed. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were determined for the annual average changes in weight and obesity indicators (body mass index (BMI), body surface area, and body fat percentage (BF%) in subjects since the age of 35 years. Subjects with a total weight gain ≥10 kg after age 35 years were more likely to have PTC (men, OR, 5.39, 95% CI, 3.88-7.49; women, OR, 3.36, 95% CI, 2.87-3.93) compared with subjects with a stable weight (loss or gain <5 kg). A marked increase in BMI since age 35 years (annual average change of BMI ≥0.3 kg/m/yr) was related to an elevated PTC risk, and the association was more pronounced for large-sized PTC risks (<1 cm, OR, 2.34, 95% CI, 1.92-2.85; ≥1 cm, OR, 4.00, 95% CI, 2.91-5.49, P heterogeneity = 0.005) compared with low PTC risks. Weight gain and annual increases in obesity indicators in middle-aged adults may increase the risk of developing PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunji Hwang
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, DK, SKP), Seoul National University College of Medicine; Department of Biomedical Science (YH, DK, SKP), Seoul National University Graduate School; Cancer Research Institute (YH, KEL, DK, SKP), Seoul National University College of Medicine; Department of Surgery (KEL, S-JK, HK), Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine; Division of Surgery (KEL), Thyroid Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital; Department of Internal Medicine (YJP, DJP), Seoul National University College of Medicine; Department of Family Medicine (BC, H-CC), Health Promotion Center for Cancer Survivor, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul; and Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology (BC, H-CC), Seoul National University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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Prospective validation study of Cernea classification for predicting EMG alterations of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. Surg Today 2015; 46:785-91. [PMID: 26362419 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-015-1245-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSES Cernea classification is applied to describe the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN). Using intraoperative neural monitoring we evaluated whether or not this classification is useful for predicting which EBSLN subtype has an increased risk of injury. METHODS An analysis of 400 EBSLN. The identification of EBSLN was achieved with both cricothyroid muscle twitch and the glottis evoked electromyography response. We defined S1 initial EBSLN stimulation at identification and S2 final nerve stimulation achieved in the most cranial aspect of the nerve exposed above the area of surgical dissection after superior artery ligation. RESULTS The mean S1 amplitude acquired was 259+/67 (180-421), 321 +/79 (192-391), 371 +/38 (200-551) μV, respectively, for type 1, 2A, 2B (p = 0.08). The S1 and S2 amplitudes were similar in type 1 (p = 0.3). The S1 and S2 determinations changed significantly in type 2A and 2B (p = 0.04 and 0.03). EBSLN which demonstrated a >25 % decreased amplitude in S2 increased significantly from Type 1 (4.9 %) to Type 2A (11.2 %) and 2B (18 %) (p = 0.01). None of type 1, 2.8 % type 2A and 3 % type 2B showed a loss of EBSLN conductivity. The latency determinations did not vary significantly for any parameter compared. CONCLUSIONS The Cernea classification was, therefore, found to predict the risk of EBSLN stress. We identified amplitude differences between S1 and S2 determinations in type 2A and 2B, thus confirming that surgical dissection in these subtypes is, therefore, extremely difficult to perform.
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Ri M, Miyata H, Aikou S, Seto Y, Akazawa K, Takeuchi M, Matsui Y, Konno H, Gotoh M, Mori M, Motomura N, Takamoto S, Sawa Y, Kuwano H, Kokudo N. Effects of body mass index (BMI) on surgical outcomes: a nationwide survey using a Japanese web-based database. Surg Today 2015; 45:1271-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00595-015-1231-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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