1
|
Chaudhary R, Prasad A, Agarwal V, Rehman M, Kumar A, Kaushik AS, Srivastava S, Srivastava S, Mishra V. Chronic stress predisposes to the aggravation of inflammation in autoimmune diseases with focus on rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111046. [PMID: 37879231 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The global incidence of autoimmune diseases is on the rise, and many healthcare professionals believe that chronic stress plays a prominent role in both the aggravation and remission of these conditions. It is believed that prolonged exposure to stress is associated with neuroimmune axis malfunction, which eventually dysregulates multiple immunological factors as well as deregulates autoimmune responses that play a central role in various autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. Herein, we performed validation of an 8-week long rat model of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) which consisted of exposing groups of rats to random stressors daily for 8 weeks. Additionally, we developed a novel rat model combining 8-week long random stressor-induced CUS with CIA-triggered arthritis and IMQ-triggered psoriasis and have successfully used both these models to assess the role of chronic stress in the aggravation of arthritis and psoriasis, respectively. Notably, the 8-week CUS protocol extensively aggravated and prolonged both arthritis and psoriasis condition in the rat model by upregulating the release of different pro-inflammatory cytokines, dysregulation of immune cell responses and oxidative stress system, which were all related to severe inflammation. Further, CUS aggravated macroscopic features and the increase in destruction of joint tissue and epidermal thickness induced by CIA and IMQ, respectively, in rats. In conclusion, this study suggests that exposure to an 8-week long CUS paradigm aggravates the distinctive characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis in rats via amplifying the inflammatory circuits and immune cell responses linked to these autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India
| | - Ajay Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India
| | - Vipul Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India
| | - Mujeeba Rehman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India
| | - Anand Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India
| | - Arjun Singh Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India
| | - Siddhi Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India
| | - Sukriti Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India
| | - Vikas Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vaseghi S, Mostafavijabbari A, Alizadeh MS, Ghaffarzadegan R, Kholghi G, Zarrindast MR. Intricate role of sleep deprivation in modulating depression: focusing on BDNF, VEGF, serotonin, cortisol, and TNF-α. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:195-219. [PMID: 36399239 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01124-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this review article, we aimed to discuss intricate roles of SD in modulating depression in preclinical and clinical studies. Decades of research have shown the inconsistent effects of SD on depression, focusing on SD duration. However, inconsistent role of SD seems to be more complicated, and SD duration cannot be the only one factor. Regarding this issue, we chose some important factors involved in the effects of SD on cognitive functions and mood including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), serotonin, cortisol, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). It was concluded that SD has a wide-range of inconsistent effects on BDNF, VEGF, serotonin, and cortisol levels. It was noted that BDNF diurnal rhythm is significantly involved in the modulatory role of SD in depression. Furthermore, the important role of VEGF in blood-brain barrier permeability which is involved in modulating depression was discussed. It was also noted that there is a negative correlation between cortisol and BDNF that modulates depression. Eventually, it was concluded that TNF-α regulates sleep/wake cycle and is involved in the vulnerability to cognitive and behavioral impairments following SD. TNF-α also increases the permeability of the blood-brain barrier which is accompanied by depressive behavior. In sum, it was suggested that future studies should focus on these mechanisms/factors to better investigate the reasons behind intricate roles of SD in modulating depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salar Vaseghi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.
| | | | - Mohammad-Sadegh Alizadeh
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ghaffarzadegan
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Gita Kholghi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Suseelan S, Pinna G. Heterogeneity in major depressive disorder: The need for biomarker-based personalized treatments. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 112:1-67. [PMID: 36642481 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) or depression is a pathological mental condition affecting millions of people worldwide. Identification of objective biological markers of depression can provide for a better diagnostic and intervention criteria; ultimately aiding to reduce its socioeconomic health burden. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the major biomarker candidates that have been implicated in depression neurobiology. The key biomarker categories are covered across all the "omics" levels. At the epigenomic level, DNA-methylation, non-coding RNA and histone-modifications have been discussed in relation to depression. The proteomics system shows great promise with inflammatory markers as well as growth factors and neurobiological alterations within the endocannabinoid system. Characteristic lipids implicated in depression together with the endocrine system are reviewed under the metabolomics section. The chapter also examines the novel biomarkers for depression that have been proposed by studies in the microbiome. Depression affects individuals differentially and explicit biomarkers identified by robust research criteria may pave the way for better diagnosis, intervention, treatment, and prediction of treatment response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shayam Suseelan
- The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Graziano Pinna
- The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; UI Center on Depression and Resilience (UICDR), Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Matsuno H, Tsuchimine S, O'Hashi K, Sakai K, Hattori K, Hidese S, Nakajima S, Chiba S, Yoshimura A, Fukuzato N, Kando M, Tatsumi M, Ogawa S, Ichinohe N, Kunugi H, Sohya K. Association between vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated blood-brain barrier dysfunction and stress-induced depression. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3822-3832. [PMID: 35618888 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01618-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that stress induces the neurovascular dysfunction associated with increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, which could be an important pathology linking stress and psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the detailed mechanism resulting in BBB dysfunction associated in the pathophysiology of MDD still remains unclear. Herein, we demonstrate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key mediator of vascular angiogenesis and BBB permeability, in stress-induced BBB dysfunction and depressive-like behavior development. We implemented an animal model of depression, chronic restraint stress (RS) in BALB/c mice, and found that the BBB permeability was significantly increased in chronically stressed mice. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic observations revealed that increased BBB permeability was associated with both paracellular and transcellular barrier alterations in the brain endothelial cells. Pharmacological inhibition of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) using a specific monoclonal antibody (DC101) prevented chronic RS-induced BBB permeability and anhedonic behavior. Considered together, these results indicate that VEGF/VEGFR2 plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of depression by increasing the BBB permeability, and suggest that VEGFR2 inhibition could be a potential therapeutic strategy for the MDD subtype associated with BBB dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Matsuno
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
| | - Shoko Tsuchimine
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Kazunori O'Hashi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Sakai
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hattori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Hidese
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakajima
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Shuichi Chiba
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.,Faculty of Veterinary Medical Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Aya Yoshimura
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.,Education and Research Center of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Noriko Fukuzato
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Mayumi Kando
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Megumi Tatsumi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Shintaro Ogawa
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.,Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Noritaka Ichinohe
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sohya
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan. .,Division of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, 849-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mozafarihashjin M, Togha M, Ghorbani Z, Farbod A, Rafiee P, Martami F. Assessment of peripheral biomarkers potentially involved in episodic and chronic migraine: a case-control study with a focus on NGF, BDNF, VEGF, and PGE2. J Headache Pain 2022; 23:3. [PMID: 34991456 PMCID: PMC8903594 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-021-01377-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several inflammatory and vascular molecules, and neurotrophins have been suggested to have a possible role in the development of migraine. However, pathophysiological events leading to migraine onset and transformation of episodic migraine (EM) to chronic migraine (CM) are not fully understood. Thus, we aimed to assess peripheral levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in EM and CM patients, and controls. Methods From September 2017 to June 2020, 89 subjects were enrolled in a case-control study; 23 and 36 EM and CM patients, respectively, and 30 age and sex-matched controls. Demographic data and medical history were obtained from all patients. Headache characteristics were recorded at baseline visit and ensuing 30 days for persons with migraine disease. Serum levels of NGF, BDNF, VEGF, and PGE2 were measured once for controls and EM and CM patients, and adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index. Results Serum levels of NGF were significantly lower in EM patients compared to controls and CM patients (P-value=0.003 and 0.042, respectively). Serum levels of BDNF were significantly lower in EM and CM patients as opposed to controls (P-value<0.001), but comparable between EM and CM patients (P-value=0.715). Peripheral blood levels of VEGF were significantly higher in EM and CM patients as opposed to controls (P-value<0.001), but not different between EM and CM patients (P-value=0.859). Serum levels of PGE2 were significantly lower in EM patients compared to controls (P-value=0.011), however similar between EM and CM patients (P-value=0.086). In migraine patients, serum levels of NGF and PGE2 positively correlated with headache frequency (NGF: ρ = 0.476 and P-value<0.001; PGE2: ρ = 0.286 and P-value=0.028), while corresponding levels of BDNF and VEGF did not correlate with headache frequency (BDNF: ρ = 0.037 and P-value=0.778; VEGF: ρ= -0.025 and P-value=0.850). Conclusions Our findings suggest that NGF, BDNF, PGE2, and VEGF may play a significant role in migraine pathogenesis and/or chronification, and therefore might bear potential value for novel targeted abortive and prophylactic migraine therapy. Further prospective cohort studies with larger sample sizes can more robustly evaluate the implications of these findings. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10194-021-01377-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mozafarihashjin
- Headache Department, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mansoureh Togha
- Headache Department, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Headache Department, Neurology Ward, School of Medicine, Sina University Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zeinab Ghorbani
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Heshmat Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Farbod
- Headache Department, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Rafiee
- Headache Department, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Martami
- Headache Department, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,School of nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sorri A, Järventausta K, Kampman O, Lehtimäki K, Björkqvist M, Tuohimaa K, Hämäläinen M, Moilanen E, Leinonen E. Electroconvulsive therapy increases temporarily plasma vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with major depressive disorder. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02001. [PMID: 34342142 PMCID: PMC8413728 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been related to the etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). The findings involving the effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on the VEGF levels have been conflicting. The aim was to examine the possible changes in the VEGF levels and their associations with clinical outcome in patients with MDD during ECT. METHODS The study comprised 30 patients suffering from MDD. Their plasma VEGF levels were measured at baseline and 2 and 4 hr after the first, fifth, and last ECT session. The severity of depression was quantified by the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). RESULTS The VEGF levels increased between the 2-hr and 4-hr measurements during the first (p = .003) and the fifth (p = .017) sessions. The baseline VEGF levels between individual ECT sessions remained unchanged during the ECT series. No correlations were found between the increased VEGF levels and the clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS Electroconvulsive therapy increased the VEGF levels repeatedly at the same time point in two different ECT sessions. These increases had no association with the response to ECT. Consequently, VEGF may act as a mediator in the mechanism of action of ECT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annamari Sorri
- Department of PsychiatryTampere University HospitalTampereFinland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Kaija Järventausta
- Department of PsychiatryTampere University HospitalTampereFinland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Olli Kampman
- Department of PsychiatryTampere University HospitalTampereFinland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Kai Lehtimäki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurology and RehabilitationTampere University HospitalTampereFinland
| | - Minna Björkqvist
- Department of PsychiatryTampere University HospitalTampereFinland
| | - Kati Tuohimaa
- Department of PsychiatryTampere University HospitalTampereFinland
| | - Mari Hämäläinen
- The Immunopharmacology Research GroupFaculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere University and Tampere University HospitalTampereFinland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research GroupFaculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere University and Tampere University HospitalTampereFinland
| | - Esa Leinonen
- Department of PsychiatryTampere University HospitalTampereFinland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampereFinland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gene expression studies in Depression development and treatment: an overview of the underlying molecular mechanisms and biological processes to identify biomarkers. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:354. [PMID: 34103475 PMCID: PMC8187383 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01469-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A combination of different risk factors, such as genetic, environmental and psychological factors, together with immune system, stress response, brain neuroplasticity and the regulation of neurotransmitters, is thought to lead to the development of major depressive disorder (MDD). A growing number of studies have tried to investigate the underlying mechanisms of MDD by analysing the expression levels of genes involved in such biological processes. These studies have shown that MDD is not just a brain disorder, but also a body disorder, and this is mainly due to the interplay between the periphery and the Central Nervous System (CNS). To this purpose, most of the studies conducted so far have mainly dedicated to the analysis of the gene expression levels using postmortem brain tissue as well as peripheral blood samples of MDD patients. In this paper, we reviewed the current literature on candidate gene expression alterations and the few existing transcriptomics studies in MDD focusing on inflammation, neuroplasticity, neurotransmitters and stress-related genes. Moreover, we focused our attention on studies, which have investigated mRNA levels as biomarkers to predict therapy outcomes. This is important as many patients do not respond to antidepressant medication or could experience adverse side effects, leading to the interruption of treatment. Unfortunately, the right choice of antidepressant for each individual still remains largely a matter of taking an educated guess.
Collapse
|
8
|
Fortier LA, Cercone M, Keller LE, Delco ML, Becktell L, Wells KV. Amnion and Umbilical Cord-Derived Products in Sports Medicine: From Basic Science to Clinical Application. Am J Sports Med 2021; 49:1954-1961. [PMID: 33929908 DOI: 10.1177/03635465211010466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Birth tissue products from amnion, chorion, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid, or cord blood are frequently marketed as viable sources of stem cells and growth factors. It can be difficult for health care professionals to differentiate implied from explicit conclusions in reported product analyses. PURPOSE To provide an educational platform for health care professionals to interpret data presented in the promotion of birth tissue products. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive laboratory study and expert opinion; Level of evidence, 5. METHODS A cord blood product was analyzed by 3 methods for cell viability, 2 methods for assessment of cell morphology and cell type, multicolor flow cytometry to identify stem cells, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) plus Western blot for analysis of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist protein (IL-1ra). These data were compared with analyses reported by the manufacturer. RESULTS Cell viability in the cord blood product was less than reported by the manufacturer, the cells were primarily leukocytes, no stem cells were present, and the concentration of IL-1ra was falsely increased due to nonspecific antibody binding in the sample. CONCLUSION To assess birth tissue products, health care professionals should consider the following: (1) Understanding fluorescent dyes is important for assessing cell viability data-green does not always mean alive. (2) The report of "cells" in the product does not necessarily mean "stem cells"; microscopic images of at least ×20 or a hemogram should be evaluated to determine cell type (leukocyte, red blood cells, etc). (3) There is no single cluster of differentiation (CD) marker on flow cytometry to identify stem cells. (4) Biological tissues are complex substances, and inaccurately increased measurements of growth factors could be present in ELISA results because most ELISAs are not designed or validated for use in biologics. Furthermore, the reported measurement of growth factors should be considered relative to concentrations in native biological tissues and plasma. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Health care professionals should be able to interpret cell viability, cell morphology, stem cell analysis using CD markers, and growth factor analysis when considering use of a birth tissue product in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Fortier
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Marta Cercone
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Laura E Keller
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Michelle L Delco
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Lilia Becktell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Kristina V Wells
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
A peripheral inflammatory signature discriminates bipolar from unipolar depression: A machine learning approach. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 105:110136. [PMID: 33045321 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mood disorders (major depressive disorder, MDD, and bipolar disorder, BD) are considered leading causes of life-long disability worldwide, where high rates of no response to treatment or relapse and delays in receiving a proper diagnosis (~60% of depressed BD patients are initially misdiagnosed as MDD) contribute to a growing personal and socio-economic burden. The immune system may represent a new target to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic procedures but reliable biomarkers still need to be found. METHODS In our study we predicted the differential diagnosis of mood disorders by considering the plasma levels of 54 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors of 81 BD and 127 MDD depressed patients. Clinical diagnoses were predicted also against 32 healthy controls. Elastic net models, including 5000 non-parametric bootstrapping procedure and inner and outer 10-fold nested cross-validation were performed in order to identify the signatures for the disorders. RESULTS Results showed that the immune-inflammatory signature classifies the two disorders with a high accuracy (AUC = 97%), specifically 92% and 86% respectively for MDD and BD. MDD diagnosis was predicted by high levels of markers related to both pro-inflammatory (i.e. IL-1β, IL-6, IL-7, IL-16) and regulatory responses (IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10), whereas BD by high levels of inflammatory markers (CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL11, CCL25, CCL27, CXCL11, IL-9 and TNF-α). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide novel tools for early diagnosis of BD, strengthening the impact of biomarkers research into clinical practice, and new insights for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for depressive disorders.
Collapse
|
10
|
Latham LE, Wang C, Patterson TA, Slikker W, Liu F. Neuroprotective Effects of Carnitine and Its Potential Application to Ameliorate Neurotoxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1208-1222. [PMID: 33570912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Carnitine is an essential metabolite that is absorbed from the diet and synthesized in the kidney, liver, and brain. It ferries fatty acids across the mitochondrial membrane to undergo β-oxidation. Carnitine has been studied as a therapy or protective agent for many neurological diseases and neurotoxicity (e.g., prolonged anesthetic exposure-induced developmental neurotoxicity in preclinical models). Preclinical and clinical data support the notion that carnitine or acetyl carnitine may improve a patient's quality of life through increased mitochondrial respiration, release of neurotransmitters, and global gene expression changes, showing the potential of carnitine beyond its approved use to treat primary and secondary carnitine deficiency. In this review, we summarize the beneficial effects of carnitine or acetyl carnitine on the central nervous system, highlighting protective effects against neurotoxicity-induced damage caused by various chemicals and encouraging a thorough evaluation of carnitine use as a therapy for patients suffering from neurotoxicant exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leah E Latham
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - Cheng Wang
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - Tucker A Patterson
- Office of Director, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - William Slikker
- Office of Director, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - Fang Liu
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sho C, Kawano K, Kurata R, Yoshimoto M, Okuno H. Hair growth-promoting activity of components derived from sweet potato shochu. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 131:405-411. [PMID: 33431342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sweet potato shochu oil is one of the by-products of sweet potato shochu production. We investigated the functionality and industrial use of shochu oil as a food-derived raw material. Because of the increased incidence of self-consciousness in people owing to thinning hair, in this study, we examined the hair growth-inducing effects of shochu oil. Minoxidil, the only topical medication approved for hair growth treatment in Japan, was used as a control for the evaluation of hair growth-promoting activity of shochu oil. Human follicle dermal papilla cells treated with shochu oil showed upregulated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating that shochu oil induced the activation of the hair growth cycle. In vivo, epidermal treatment with shochu oil also promoted hair growth in C3H mice. More than 35 components were detected in shochu oil via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main components, accounting for 98.5% of shochu oil, were as follows, in order of decreasing concentration: ethyl palmitate, ethyl linoleate, ethyl oleate, ethyl stearate, ethyl caprate, ethyl laurate, ethyl myristate, and ethyl α-linolenate. Among these, ethyl palmitate, ethyl linoleate, and ethyl α-linolenate promoted hair growth in C3H mice. These results indicate that shochu oil can be used as a hair restorer. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the hair growth-promoting activity of shochu oil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cho Sho
- Kirishima Shuzou Co., Ltd., 4-28-1 Shimokawahigashi, Miyakonojo, Miyazaki 885-8588, Japan.
| | - Kuniaki Kawano
- Kirishima Shuzou Co., Ltd., 4-28-1 Shimokawahigashi, Miyakonojo, Miyazaki 885-8588, Japan
| | - Rie Kurata
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 6651-2 Yokoichi, Miyakonojo, Miyazaki 885-0091, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshimoto
- My Food Development Research Institute, 109-3 Ichimanjyo, Miyakonojo, Miyazaki 885-0041, Japan
| | - Hironori Okuno
- Kirishima Shuzou Co., Ltd., 4-28-1 Shimokawahigashi, Miyakonojo, Miyazaki 885-8588, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The Role of Neurotrophic Factors in Pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1305:257-272. [PMID: 33834404 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6044-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
According to the neurotrophic hypothesis of major depressive disorder (MDD), impairment in growth factor signaling might be associated with the pathology of this illness. Current evidence demonstrates that impaired neuroplasticity induced by alterations of neurotrophic growth factors and related signaling pathways may be underlying to the pathophysiology of MDD. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most studied neurotrophic factor involved in the neurobiology of MDD. Nevertheless, developing evidence has implicated other neurotrophic factors, including neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), neurotrophin-4 (NT-4), nerve growth factor (NGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) in the MDD pathophysiology. Here, we summarize the current literature on the involvement of neurotrophic factors and related signaling pathways in the pathophysiology of MDD.
Collapse
|
13
|
Lo Iacono L, Bussone S, Andolina D, Tambelli R, Troisi A, Carola V. Dissecting major depression: The role of blood biomarkers and adverse childhood experiences in distinguishing clinical subgroups. J Affect Disord 2020; 276:351-360. [PMID: 32871665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The syndromic diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with individual differences in prognosis, course, treatment response, and outcome. There is evidence that patients with a history to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may belong to a distinct clinical subgroup. The combination of data on ACEs and blood biomarkers could allow the identification of diagnostic MDD subgroups. METHODS We selected several blood markers (global DNA methylation, and VEGF-a, TOLLIP, SIRT1, miR-34a genes) among factors that contribute to the pathogenetic mechanisms of MDD. We examined their level in 37 MDD patients and 30 healthy subjects. ACEs were measured by the Parental Bonding Instrument and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. RESULTS We found significant differences between patients and healthy subjects in three biomarkers (TOLLIP, VEGF-a, and global DNA methylation), independently from the confounding effect of parental care received. By contrast, SIRT1 differences were modulated by quality of parental care. The lowest levels of SIRT1 were recorded in patients with active symptoms and low maternal/paternal care. miR-34a and SIRT1 levels were associated with MDD symptoms especially in early-life stressed patients. LIMITATIONS Small sample size, no information on personality comorbidity and suicidal history, cross-sectional definition of remission, and lack of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the levels of global DNA methylation, TOLLIP, and VEGF-a reflect pathophysiological changes associated with MDD that are independent from the long-term effects of low parental care. This study also suggests that SIRT1 may be an additional variable distinguishing the ecophenotype that includes MDD patients with exposure to ACEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Bussone
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli, 1, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Andolina
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Renata Tambelli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli, 1, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alfonso Troisi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Carola
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli, 1, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rigal A, Colle R, Asmar KE, Trabado S, Loeb E, Martin S, Choucha W, Gressier F, Costemale-Lacoste JF, de Larminat D, Deflesselle E, Fève B, Chanson P, Becquemont L, Verstuyft C, Corruble E. Lower plasma vascular endothelial growth factor A in major depressive disorder not normalized after antidepressant treatment: A case control study. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2020; 54:402-408. [PMID: 31823655 DOI: 10.1177/0004867419893433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular endothelial growth factor A is a growth factor with pro-angiogenic and neurotrophic properties. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor A treatments, used to treat cancers and opthalmic diseases, are known to induce depressive symptoms. Thus, we hypothesized that vascular endothelial growth factor A plasma levels are low in patients experiencing a major depressive episode in the context of major depressive disorder, which consequently increase after antidepressant treatment. The aim of this study was to compare plasma vascular endothelial growth factor A levels in patients with major depressive episode-major depressive disorder before and after antidepressant treatment. METHODS Vascular endothelial growth factor A fasting plasma levels of 469 major depressive episode-major depressive disorder patients were compared with healthy controls. Depressed patients were assessed for remission after 3 and 6 months of antidepressant treatment. Bivariate and multivariate analyses adjusted for sex, age, body mass index and tobacco use were performed. RESULTS As compared to healthy controls, major depressive episode patients had lower vascular endothelial growth factor A, 66.0 (38.3) pg/mL (standard deviation) vs 83.2 (49.2) pg/mL, p < 0.0001. Plasma vascular endothelial growth factor A levels did not change after antidepressant treatment, even in remitters, and remained lower than those of healthy controls, 64.9 (39.3) pg/mL vs 83.2 (49.2) pg/mL, p < 0.0001. CONCLUSION Depressed patients with major depressive disorder have lower plasma vascular endothelial growth factor A levels than healthy controls during their major depressive episode and after remission following antidepressant treatment. New strategies targeting enhancement of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor A could be promising for the prevention and treatment of major depressive disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Rigal
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR-1178, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Romain Colle
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR-1178, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Khalil El Asmar
- INSERM UMR-1178, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Liban
| | - Séverine Trabado
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Service de Génétique moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR-S1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Emanuel Loeb
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR-1178, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Séverine Martin
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR-1178, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Walid Choucha
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR-1178, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Florence Gressier
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR-1178, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jean-Francois Costemale-Lacoste
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR-1178, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Delphine de Larminat
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR-1178, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Eric Deflesselle
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR-1178, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Bruno Fève
- Sorbonne Université-Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, UMR_S938, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France.,Service d'Endocrinologie, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares PRISIS, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Chanson
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR-S1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Laurent Becquemont
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR-1178, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Service de Génétique moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Céline Verstuyft
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR-1178, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Service de Génétique moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Emmanuelle Corruble
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR-1178, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Deng Z, Deng S, Zhang MR, Tang MM. Fibroblast Growth Factors in Depression. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:60. [PMID: 30804785 PMCID: PMC6370647 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most serious diseases and now becomes a major public health problem in the world. The pathogenesis of depression remains poorly understood. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) belong to a large family of growth factors that are involved in brain development during early periods as well as maintenance and repair throughout adulthood. In recent years, studies have found a correlation between the members of the FGF system and depression. These signaling molecules may be expected to be biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of MDD, and may provide new drug targets for the treatment of depression. Here, we reviewed the correlation between some members of the FGF system and depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Deng
- Hospital Evaluation Office, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sheng Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mu-Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mi-Mi Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wu HE, Teixeira AL, Barroso L, Silva APM, de Souza Nicolau M, Ferreira JDR, Bertola L, Vieira EM, Diniz BS. Epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor-2 circulating levels in elderly with major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2019; 272:141-143. [PMID: 30583255 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (FGF-2) are growth factors involved neuronal growth and synaptic plasticity. These markers have been implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depression. However, no particular studies of EGF and FGF-2 have been conducted in older adults with major depressive disorder (MDD). In this study, we aim to investigate the plasma levels of EGF and FGF-2 in elderly with MDD. We included 89 older adults with MDD and 51 older (healthy control, HC) adults. The cognitive performance was evaluated by the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS). The EGF and FGF-2 were measured by using multiplex assay for LUMINEX platform. There were also no significant differences between the patient group in terms of plasma levels of EGF and FGF-2 when compared to the HC group. There were not any significant correlations between plasma levels of EGF or FGF2 and MDRS total or individual scores in patient group and HC. There were significant correlations between plasma levels of EGF and FGF2 in both patient group and HC. Further study on plasma levels of EGF and FGF2 should be implemented in larger samples in elderly with MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanjing Emily Wu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antonio L Teixeira
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lucelia Barroso
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Mendes Silva
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Souza Nicolau
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Laiss Bertola
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Erica Marciano Vieira
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Breno Satler Diniz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Center for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ryan KM, McLoughlin DM. Vascular endothelial growth factor plasma levels in depression and following electroconvulsive therapy. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 268:839-848. [PMID: 29968119 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-018-0919-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Both animal and human studies have implicated the neurotrophic and angiogenic mediator vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in depression, with meta-analyses, indicating that protein levels are raised in patients with depression. In line with this, we have previously shown that VEGFA mRNA levels are higher in whole blood from patients with depression compared to controls, in particular in patients with psychotic unipolar depression, and that treatment with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) alters VEGFA mRNA levels. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to extend this previous work by assessing plasma VEGF protein levels in patients with depression compared to healthy controls, and in patients following treatment with ECT. We found that there was no difference between controls and patients with depression with regard to plasma VEGF (p = 0.59), and that VEGF levels were unaltered by ECT (p = 0.09) after correction for potential covariates. We found no correlation between VEGF protein and mRNA levels. Within the subgroup of patients receiving treatment with bitemporal ECT (n = 34), we identified a moderate negative correlation (ρ = - 0.54, p = 0.001) between the change in VEGF and the change in depression severity following treatment; however, no other association between VEGF and mood, responder/remitter status, polarity of depression, or presence of psychosis were found. Overall, our results indicate that the measurement of VEGF protein is not a useful marker for depression or response to treatment, and suggest that the measurement of VEGFA mRNA may prove more useful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Ryan
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry, St. Patrick's University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Declan M McLoughlin
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. .,Department of Psychiatry, St. Patrick's University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Clark-Raymond A, Meresh E, Hoppensteadt D, Fareed J, Sinacore J, Garlenski B, Halaris A. Vascular endothelial growth factor: Potential predictor of treatment response in major depression. World J Biol Psychiatry 2017; 18:575-585. [PMID: 26726958 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1117655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to evaluate baseline plasma VEGF levels as a potential predictor of response to antidepressant pharmacotherapy. The study also sought to determine whether baseline plasma VEGF would be useful in predicting treatment outcome when two pharmacodynamically diverse agents with established antidepressant efficacy, escitalopram and quetiapine, were administered monotherapeutically to MDD patients. METHODS Two groups of qualifying MDD subjects were enrolled. One group was treated with escitalopram and the other with quetiapine. Plasma concentrations of VEGF were measured using Randox Technologies at baseline, and at weeks 8 and 12 of treatment. RESULTS We stratified the MDD patients into those who remitted and those who failed to respond. Mean baseline VEGF for the remitters and non-responders was 9.61 and 5.40 pg/ml, respectively (P < 0.0005). Using optimal data analysis a cut score of 7.49 pg/ml for baseline plasma VEGF distinguished remitters from non-responders with a 63% overall accuracy. The remission rate was comparable for both drugs (73 and 81% for quetiapine and escitalopram, respectively). VEGF levels did not significantly change following antidepressant treatment with either escitalopram or quetiapine when measured at 8 and 12 weeks; this result held true for both remitters and non-responders. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that VEGF may predict response to antidepressant treatment and may ultimately prove to be a potential biomarker that can be measured with a routine blood draw at the point of service.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Clark-Raymond
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience , Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Edwin Meresh
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience , Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Debra Hoppensteadt
- b Department of Pathology , Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Jawed Fareed
- b Department of Pathology , Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - James Sinacore
- c Department of Public Health Sciences , Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Brittany Garlenski
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience , Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Angelos Halaris
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience , Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Prater KE. Individual Differences Make a Marker in Fear Research. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 82:e65-e66. [PMID: 28935099 PMCID: PMC5972024 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
20
|
Rodríguez Cerdeira C, Sánchez-Blanco E, Sánchez-Blanco B, González-Cespón JL. Protein biomarkers of mood disorders. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2017; 30:7-12. [PMID: 27903845 PMCID: PMC5806783 DOI: 10.1177/0394632016681017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric evaluation presents a significant challenge because it conceptually integrates the input from multiple psychopathological approaches. Recent technological advances in the study of protein structure, function, and interactions have provided a breakthrough in the diagnosis and treatment of mood disorders (MD), and have identified novel biomarkers to be used as indicators of normal and disease states or response to drug treatment. The investigation of biomarkers for psychiatric disorders, such as enzymes (catechol-O-methyl transferase and monoamine oxidases) or neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine) and their receptors, particularly their involvement in neuroendocrine activity, brain structure, and function, and response to psychotropic drugs, should facilitate the diagnosis of MD. In clinical settings, prognostic biomarkers may be revealed by analyzing serum, saliva, and/or the cerebrospinal fluid, which should promote timely diagnosis and personalized treatment. The mechanisms underlying the activity of most currently used drugs are based on the functional regulation of proteins, including receptors, enzymes, and metabolic factors. In this study, we analyzed recent advances in the identification of biomarkers for MD, which could be used for the timely diagnosis, treatment stratification, and prediction of clinical outcomes.
Collapse
|
21
|
Loulergue P, Mir O, Rocheteau P, Chrétien F, Gaillard R. Sertraline-induced increase in VEGF brain levels and its activity in cryptococcal meningitis. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016; 16:891. [PMID: 27477978 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(16)30147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Loulergue
- Cochin Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Olivier Mir
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Pierre Rocheteau
- Human Histopathology and Animal Models, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Chrétien
- Human Histopathology and Animal Models, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Gaillard
- Service Hospitalo Universitaire, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
State-dependent increase in the levels of neurotrophin-3 and neurotrophin-4/5 in patients with bipolar disorder: A meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 79:86-92. [PMID: 27214525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is one of the most serious psychiatric disorders in the world, but its pathophysiology is still unclear. Regulation of neurotrophic factors have been thought to play a role in this process. There have been inconsistent findings regarding the differences in blood neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5) between patients with BD and healthy controls (HCs). The aim of the current meta-analysis is to examine the changes in the levels of NT-3 and NT-4/5 in BD patients at different affective states. Eight articles (including 465 BD patients and 353 HCs) were included in the analysis, and their results were pooled by using a random effects model. We found the levels of both NT-3 (p = 0.0046) and NT-4/5 (p = 0.0003) were significantly increased in BD patients, compared to HCs. Through subgroup analysis, this increase persisted only in patients in depressed state (p = 0.0038 for NT-3 and p = 0.0001 for NT-4/5), but not in manic or euthymic state. In addition, we found the differences in NT-3 and NT-4/5 were significantly associated with the duration of illness, but not by the mean age or female proportion. Our results suggest a state-dependent increase in NT-3 and NT-4/5 levels in patients with BD. Further studies are needed to examine dynamic changes of these neurotrophins in BD patients along the disease course.
Collapse
|
23
|
Wu CK, Tseng PT, Chen YW, Tu KY, Lin PY. Significantly higher peripheral fibroblast growth factor-2 levels in patients with major depressive disorder: A preliminary meta-analysis under MOOSE guidelines. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4563. [PMID: 27537581 PMCID: PMC5370807 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vivo and in vitro studies demonstrate the important roles of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and FGF receptors (FGFRs) in neural survival, neurogenesis, oxidative stress, and emotional behavior. However, evidence on the role of FGF and FGFR in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) remains limited and inconclusive. OBJECTIVES This preliminary meta-analysis aimed to examine changes in peripheral or central FGF and FGFR levels in patients with MDD. DATA SOURCES Electronic research through platform of PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS We used the inclusion criteria: articles discussing the comparisons of FGF levels, either in peripheral or central environment, in patients with MDD and in healthy controls (HC); articles on clinical trials in humans; and case-control trials. Case reports or series and nonclinical trials were excluded. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS Using a thorough literature search, the FGF/FGFR levels in patients with MDD and HC were compared. Four studies on peripheral FGF-2 and 3 on central FGF-2 and FGFR1 levels were included. RESULTS The findings reveal significantly higher peripheral FGF-2 protein and central FGFR1 RNA levels in patients with MDD than in HC (P = 0.005 and 0.006, separately), but no significant association with clinical variables. There was also no significant difference in the central FGF-2 levels in patients with MDD and in HC (P = 0.180). LIMITATION The study has limitations of a small number of included studies, lack of meta-analysis of the FGF changes along with treatment, and lack of direct evidence on correlation of peripheral FGF-2 with central FGF-2 levels. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS OF KEY FINDINGS This preliminary meta-analysis points out a new direction for future studies investigating the relationship among MDD, oxidative stress, and the FGF family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Kuan Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tsyr-Huey Mental Hospital, Kaohsiung Jen-Ai's Home
| | - Ping-Tao Tseng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tsyr-Huey Mental Hospital, Kaohsiung Jen-Ai's Home
| | | | - Kun-Yu Tu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tsyr-Huey Mental Hospital, Kaohsiung Jen-Ai's Home
| | - Pao-Yen Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Correspondence: Pao-Yen Lin, Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123, Dapi Road, Niaosong, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sharma AN, da Costa e Silva BFB, Soares JC, Carvalho AF, Quevedo J. Role of trophic factors GDNF, IGF-1 and VEGF in major depressive disorder: A comprehensive review of human studies. J Affect Disord 2016; 197:9-20. [PMID: 26956384 PMCID: PMC4837031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The neurotrophin hypothesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) postulates that this illness results from aberrant neurogenesis in brain regions that regulates emotion and memory. Notwithstanding this theory has primarily implicated BDNF in the neurobiology of MDD. Recent evidence suggests that other trophic factors namely GDNF, VEGF and IGF-1 may also be involved. PURPOSE The present review aimed to critically summarize evidence regarding changes in GDNF, IGF-1 and VEGF in individuals with MDD compared to healthy controls. In addition, we also evaluated the role of these mediators as potential treatment response biomarkers for MDD. METHODS A comprehensive review of original studies studies measuring peripheral, central or mRNA levels of GDNF, IGF-1 or VEGF in patients with MDD was conducted. The PubMed/MEDLINE database was searched for peer-reviewed studies published in English through June 2nd, 2015. RESULTS Most studies reported a reduction in peripheral GDNF and its mRNA levels in MDD patients versus controls. In contrast, IGF-1 levels in MDD patients compared to controls were discrepant across studies. Finally, most studies reported high peripheral VEGF levels and mRNA expression in MDD patients compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS GDNF, IGF-1 and VEGF levels and their mRNA expression appear to be differentially altered in MDD patients compared to healthy individuals, indicating that these molecules might play an important role in the pathophysiology of depression and antidepressant action of therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajaykumar N. Sharma
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77054, USA,Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral, Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at, Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Bruno Fernando Borges da Costa e Silva
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Jair C. Soares
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral, Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at, Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - André F. Carvalho
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty, of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Joao Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77054, USA; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77054, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wallensten J, Åsberg M, Nygren Å, Szulkin R, Wallén H, Mobarrez F, Nager A. Possible Biomarkers of Chronic Stress Induced Exhaustion - A Longitudinal Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153924. [PMID: 27145079 PMCID: PMC4856355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) have previously been suggested to be potential biomarkers for chronic stress induced exhaustion. The knowledge about VEGF has increased during the last decades and supports the contention that VEGF plays an important role in stress and depression. There is scarce knowledge on the possible relationship of EGF and MCP-1 in chronic stress and depression. This study further examines the role of VEGF, EGF and MCP-1 in women with chronic stress induced exhaustion and healthy women during a follow-up period of two years. Methods and Findings Blood samples were collected from 105 women with chronic stress induced exhaustion on at least 50% sick leave for at least three months, at inclusion (T0), after 12 months (T12) and after 24 months (T24). Blood samples were collected at inclusion (T0) in 116 physically and psychiatrically healthy women. The plasma levels of VEGF, EGF and MCP-1 were analyzed using Biochip Array Technology. Women with chronic stress induced exhaustion had significantly higher plasma levels of VEGF and EGF compared to healthy women at baseline, T12 and at T24. There was no significant difference in plasma levels of MCP-1. Plasma levels of VEGF and EGF decreased significantly in women with chronic stress induced exhaustion during the two years follow-up. Conclusions The replicated findings of elevated levels of VEGF and EGF in women with chronic stress induced exhaustion and decreasing plasma levels of VEGF and EGF during the two years follow-up add important knowledge to the pathophysiology of chronic stress induced exhaustion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Wallensten
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Marie Åsberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åke Nygren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Szulkin
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Academic Primary Healthcare Center, Stockholms läns landsting, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Wallén
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fariborz Mobarrez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Nager
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Division of Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gururajan A, Clarke G, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Molecular biomarkers of depression. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 64:101-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
27
|
Turner CA, Eren-Koçak E, Inui EG, Watson SJ, Akil H. Dysregulated fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 53:136-43. [PMID: 26454097 PMCID: PMC4833700 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The role of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) system in brain-related disorders has received considerable attention in recent years. To understand the role of this system in neurological and psychiatric disorders, it is important to identify the specific members of the FGF family that are implicated, their location and the various mechanisms they can be modulated. Each disorder appears to impact specific molecular players in unique anatomical locations, and all of these could conceivably become targets for treatment. In the last several years, the issue of how to target this system directly has become an area of increasing interest. To date, the most promising therapeutics are small molecule inhibitors and antibodies that modulate FGF receptor (FGFR) function. Beyond attempting to modify the primary players affected by a given brain disorder, it may prove useful to target molecules, such as membrane-bound or extracellular proteins that interact with FGF ligands or FGFRs to modulate signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cortney A Turner
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Emine Eren-Koçak
- Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Stanley J Watson
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Huda Akil
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Scola G, McNamara RK, Croarkin PE, Leffler JM, Cullen KR, Geske JR, Biernacka JM, Frye MA, DelBello MP, Andreazza AC. Lipid peroxidation biomarkers in adolescents with or at high-risk for bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2016; 192:176-83. [PMID: 26735329 PMCID: PMC5549852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior work suggests that adult bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation. This exploratory study examined markers of lipid and protein oxidation and inflammation in adolescents with and at varying risk for BD type I (BD-I). METHODS Blood was obtained from four groups of adolescents (9-20 years of age): (1) healthy comparison subjects with no personal or family history of psychiatric disorders (n=13), (2) subjects with no psychiatric diagnosis and at least one parent with BD-I ('high-risk', n=15), (3) subjects with at least one parent with BD-I and a diagnosis of depressive disorder not-otherwise-specified ('ultra-high-risk', n=20), and (4) first-episode patients exhibiting mixed or manic symptoms that received a diagnosis of BD-I (n=16). Plasma levels of lipid peroxidation (LPH, 4-HNE, 8-ISO), protein carbonyl, and inflammation (IL-1α-β, IL-6, IL-10, IFNγ, TNFα) were assessed using analysis of variance and covariance models. RESULTS LPH was lower in adolescents with fully syndromal BD than controls, while LPH levels in the at-risk groups were between healthy controls and fully syndromal BD. Post-hoc analysis showed a non-significant increase in the (4-HNE+8-ISO)/LPH ratio suggesting a potential conversion of LPH into late-stage markers of lipid peroxidation. There were no significant differences among protein carbonyl content and inflammatory markers. CONCLUSIONS In adolescents, fully syndromal BD is associated with significant reductions in LPH levels, and LPH levels decrease along the spectrum of risk for BD-I. Quantifying lipid peroxidation in longitudinal studies may help clarify the role of LPH in BD risk progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Scola
- Department of Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto & Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert K McNamara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Paul E Croarkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jarrod M Leffler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kathryn R Cullen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jennifer R Geske
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joanna M Biernacka
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mark A Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Melissa P DelBello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ana C Andreazza
- Department of Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto & Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Carvalho AF, Köhler CA, McIntyre RS, Knöchel C, Brunoni AR, Thase ME, Quevedo J, Fernandes BS, Berk M. Peripheral vascular endothelial growth factor as a novel depression biomarker: A meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015. [PMID: 26210676 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neurotrophic hypothesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) postulates that the pathology of this illness incorporates a down-regulation of neurotrophin signaling. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most studied neurotrophic mediator regarding the neurobiology of MDD. Nevertheless, emerging evidence has implicated the multi-competent angiogenic and neurogenic molecule - vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) - in hippocampal neurogenesis and depression pathophysiology. OBJECTIVE To compare peripheral levels of VEGF between individuals with MDD and healthy controls. METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of original studies measuring peripheral levels of VEGF in participants with MDD compared to healthy controls. We searched the Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycInfo databases for studies published in any language through December 16th, 2014. RESULTS Fourteen studies met eligibility criteria (N=1633). VEGF levels were significantly elevated in individuals with MDD when compared to healthy controls (Hedges's g=0.343; 95% CI: 0.146-0.540; P<0.01). Funnel plot inspection and the Egger's test did not provide evidence of publication bias. A significant degree of heterogeneity was observed (Q=38.355, df=13, P<0.001; I(2)=66.1%), which was explored through meta-regression and subgroup analyses. Overall methodological quality, sample for assay (plasma versus serum), as well as the matching of MDD and control samples for age and gender emerged as significant sources of heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, extant data indicate that VEGF shows promise as a biomarker for MDD, and supports that this mediator may be involved in neuroplasticity mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André F Carvalho
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Cristiano A Köhler
- Memory Research Laboratory, Brain Institute (ICe), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christian Knöchel
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe Universität, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - André R Brunoni
- Interdisciplinary Center for Applied Neuromodulation (CINA), University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (SIN), Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael E Thase
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market St, Ste 670, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - João Quevedo
- Center for Experimental Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Brisa S Fernandes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Laboratory of Calcium Binding Proteins in the Central Nervous System, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health and Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tseng PT, Cheng YS, Chen YW, Wu CK, Lin PY. Increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with major depressive disorder: A meta-analysis. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:1622-30. [PMID: 26123242 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of neurotrophic factors plays an important role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to promote neurogenesis, neuroprotection, and influence synaptic transmission. Many studies have examined the VEGF levels in patients with depression, however the results have been inconsistent. In the current meta-analysis, we compared blood VEGF levels between MDD patients and control subjects (16 articles including 872 patients and 882 control subjects). The effect sizes of individual studies were synthesized using a random effect model. We found that the blood VEGF levels in the patients with MDD were significantly higher than those in the healthy controls (p<0.001), and the difference was negatively correlated with mean age (p=0.01). Other variables including proportion of female subjects, body mass index, severity of depression, duration of illness, and age at onset were not significantly correlated with the difference. Our results highlight that elevated blood VEGF levels may be a disease marker in patients with MDD. Further studies are needed to examine the relationship between VEGF levels in central and peripheral environments, and clarify the role of VEGF in the pathophysiology of MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Tao Tseng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tsyr-Huey Mental Hospital, Kaohsiung Jen-Ai's Home, Kaohsiung', Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shian Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tsyr-Huey Mental Hospital, Kaohsiung Jen-Ai's Home, Kaohsiung', Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wen Chen
- Department of Neurology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Kuan Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tsyr-Huey Mental Hospital, Kaohsiung Jen-Ai's Home, Kaohsiung', Taiwan
| | - Pao-Yen Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Insufficient glucocorticoid signaling and elevated inflammation in coronary heart disease patients with comorbid depression. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 48:8-18. [PMID: 25683698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) and depression are very common and often co-existing disorders. In addition to psychological and social morbidity, depression exacerbates adverse cardiac outcomes in CHD patients. Inflammation has been proposed as one of the mechanisms involved in the association between these two debilitating diseases. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate inflammatory responses as well as to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the putative inflammatory activation in CHD patients with and without depression, by assessing the function of two important biological factors regulating inflammation, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Eighty-three CHD patients with (n=28) and without (n=55) comorbid depression were recruited from primary care services in South London. Depression status was assessed by means of Clinical Interview Schedule Revised for diagnosis of depression, and Beck Depression Inventory for the presence of depressive symptoms. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP), plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and plasma and salivary cortisol were measured using commercially available ELISA kits. Gene expression of GR and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were conducted via qPCR. GR sensitivity was evaluated in vitro in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells using the dexamethasone inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated IL-6 levels. Serum levels of kynurenine pathway metabolites were measured using high performance liquid chromatography. Our results show that CHD patients with depression had higher levels of CRP, IL-6 gene expression, and VEGF compared with CHD non-depressed, as well as lower plasma and saliva cortisol levels. The CHD depressed group also exhibited a reduction in GR expression and sensitivity. Finally, tryptophan levels were significantly lower in patients with depression, who also showed an increased kynurenine/tryptophan ratio. In conclusion, CHD patients with depression had elevated levels of inflammation in the context of HPA axis hypoactivity, GR resistance, and increased activation of the kynurenine pathway. Reduced cortisol bioavailability and attenuated glucocorticoid responsiveness due to decreased expression and sensitivity of GR may lead to insufficient glucocorticoid signaling and thus elevation of inflammation in these patients.
Collapse
|
32
|
Wesseling H, Want EJ, Guest PC, Rahmoune H, Holmes E, Bahn S. Hippocampal Proteomic and Metabonomic Abnormalities in Neurotransmission, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptotic Pathways in a Chronic Phencyclidine Rat Model. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:3174-87. [PMID: 26043028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disorder affecting 1% of the world's population. Due to both a broad range of symptoms and disease heterogeneity, current therapeutic approaches to treat schizophrenia fail to address all symptomatic manifestations of the disease. Therefore, disease models that reproduce core pathological features of schizophrenia are needed for the elucidation of pathological disease mechanisms. Here, we employ a comprehensive global label-free liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry proteomic (LC-MS(E)) and metabonomic (LC-MS) profiling analysis combined with the targeted proteomics (selected reaction monitoring and multiplex immunoassay) of serum and brain tissues to investigate a chronic phencyclidine (PCP) rat model in which glutamatergic hypofunction is induced through noncompetitive NMDAR-receptor antagonism. Using a multiplex immunoassay, we identified alterations in the levels of several cytokines (IL-5, IL-2, and IL-1β) and fibroblast growth factor-2. Extensive proteomic and metabonomic brain tissue profiling revealed a more prominent effect of chronic PCP treatment on both the hippocampal proteome and metabonome compared to the effect on the frontal cortex. Bioinformatic pathway analysis confirmed prominent abnormalities in NMDA-receptor-associated pathways in both brain regions, as well as alterations in other neurotransmitter systems such as kainate, AMPA, and GABAergic signaling in the hippocampus and in proteins associated with neurodegeneration. We further identified abundance changes in the level of the superoxide dismutase enzyme (SODC) in both the frontal cortex and hippocampus, which indicates alterations in oxidative stress and substantiates the apoptotic pathway alterations. The present study could lead to an increased understanding of how perturbed glutamate receptor signaling affects other relevant biological pathways in schizophrenia and, therefore, support drug discovery efforts for the improved treatment of patients suffering from this debilitating psychiatric disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Wesseling
- †Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QT, U.K
| | - Elizabeth J Want
- ‡Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Paul C Guest
- †Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QT, U.K
| | - Hassan Rahmoune
- †Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QT, U.K
| | - Elaine Holmes
- ‡Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Sabine Bahn
- †Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QT, U.K.,§Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lopes R, Soares R, Coelho R, Figueiredo-Braga M. Angiogenesis in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia — A comprehensive review and a conceptual hypothesis. Life Sci 2015; 128:79-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
34
|
The effect of depression on serum VEGF level in Alzheimer's disease. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:742612. [PMID: 25838619 PMCID: PMC4369941 DOI: 10.1155/2015/742612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Growing evidence suggests that angiogenesis might represent a new pathogenic mechanism involved in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among angiogenic cytokines, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in AD patients have been evaluated, but the results are controversial among studies. We investigated serum levels of VEGF in AD patients with depression, AD patients without depression, and the controls, respectively. The aim of this study is to elucidate the relationship between VEGF, depression, and cognitive impairment in AD. Methods. The CDR (Clinical Dementia Rating), MMSE-KC (the Mini-Mental Status Examination-Korean version), and SGDS-K (the Korean version of the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form) were measured in the subjects. Serum VEGF levels were measured in 24 AD patients with depression, 25 AD patients without depression, and 26 controls, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results. Serum VEGF levels in AD patients with depression were significantly higher than AD patients without depression or the control. A correlation was observed between VEGF and scores on SGDS-K, but no correlation was detected between VEGF and MMSE-KC scores. Conclusion. Serum VEGF levels in AD patients with depression were higher than those without depression. Depression might be associated with changes in serum levels of VEGF in AD patients.
Collapse
|
35
|
Jentsch MC, Van Buel EM, Bosker FJ, Gladkevich AV, Klein HC, Oude Voshaar RC, Ruhé HG, Eisel ULM, Schoevers RA. Biomarker approaches in major depressive disorder evaluated in the context of current hypotheses. Biomark Med 2015; 9:277-97. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.14.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a heterogeneous disorder, mostly diagnosed on the basis of symptomatic criteria alone. It would be of great help when specific biomarkers for various subtypes and symptom clusters of depression become available to assist in diagnosis and subtyping of depression, and to enable monitoring and prognosis of treatment response. However, currently known biomarkers do not reach sufficient sensitivity and specificity, and often the relation to underlying pathophysiology is unclear. In this review, we evaluate various biomarker approaches in terms of scientific merit and clinical applicability. Finally, we discuss how combined biomarker approaches in both preclinical and clinical studies can help to make the connection between the clinical manifestations of depression and the underlying pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mike C Jentsch
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre of Groningen, University Centre of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erin M Van Buel
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Behavioural & Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fokko J Bosker
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre of Groningen, University Centre of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anatoliy V Gladkevich
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre of Groningen, University Centre of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans C Klein
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre of Groningen, University Centre of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard C Oude Voshaar
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre of Groningen, University Centre of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henricus G Ruhé
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre of Groningen, University Centre of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Uli LM Eisel
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Behavioural & Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A Schoevers
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre of Groningen, University Centre of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Scola G, Andreazza AC. The role of neurotrophins in bipolar disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 56:122-8. [PMID: 25193130 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic psychiatric illness of which the pathophysiology remains partially unknown. Abnormalities of neurotrophins and other trophic factors orchestrate important alterations which could be implicated in the etiology of BD. Therefore, the main objective of this review is to examine the recent findings and critically evaluate the potential role of neurotrophins that may allow us to substantially improve the development of novel treatments. The most recently published findings highlight that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) present distinct patterns in the different stages of BD, suggesting their potential in the identification of the BD subgroups and may ultimately advance treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Scola
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
| | - Ana Cristina Andreazza
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Brand SJ, Moller M, Harvey BH. A Review of Biomarkers in Mood and Psychotic Disorders: A Dissection of Clinical vs. Preclinical Correlates. Curr Neuropharmacol 2015; 13:324-68. [PMID: 26411964 PMCID: PMC4812797 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666150307004545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant research efforts aimed at understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of mood (depression, bipolar disorder) and psychotic disorders, the diagnosis and evaluation of treatment of these disorders are still based solely on relatively subjective assessment of symptoms as well as psychometric evaluations. Therefore, biological markers aimed at improving the current classification of psychotic and mood-related disorders, and that will enable patients to be stratified on a biological basis into more homogeneous clinically distinct subgroups, are urgently needed. The attainment of this goal can be facilitated by identifying biomarkers that accurately reflect pathophysiologic processes in these disorders. This review postulates that the field of psychotic and mood disorder research has advanced sufficiently to develop biochemical hypotheses of the etiopathology of the particular illness and to target the same for more effective disease modifying therapy. This implies that a "one-size fits all" paradigm in the treatment of psychotic and mood disorders is not a viable approach, but that a customized regime based on individual biological abnormalities would pave the way forward to more effective treatment. In reviewing the clinical and preclinical literature, this paper discusses the most highly regarded pathophysiologic processes in mood and psychotic disorders, thereby providing a scaffold for the selection of suitable biomarkers for future studies in this field, to develope biomarker panels, as well as to improve diagnosis and to customize treatment regimens for better therapeutic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brian H Harvey
- Division of Pharmacology and Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic psychiatric illness of which the etiology remains unknown. Extensive research has provided some hypotheses for the pathophysiology of this disorder; however, there are no molecular tests available to help support the diagnosis obtained by self-report and behavioral observations. A major requirement is to identify potential biomarkers that could be used for early diagnosis in patients susceptible to the disease and for its treatment. The most recently published findings regarding alterations in BD were found to be related to oxidative stress, inflammatory and trophic factor deregulation, and also polymorphisms of genes that are associated with the development of BD. Many of these targets are potential biomarkers which could help to identify the BD subgroups and to advance treatment strategies, which would beneficiate the quality of life of these patients. Therefore, the main objective of this review is to examine the recent findings and critically evaluate their potential as biomarkers for BD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Scola
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada,
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the angiogenic cytokine vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is involved in the pathogenesis of depression. However, only a few studies have investigated serum VEGF levels in individuals with depression, or the possible association between genetic variants within the VEGF gene and depression. The purpose of the present study was to investigate differences between serum VEGF levels in individuals with depression vs. control individuals, and associations between genetic markers located within VEGF and depression. In addition, determinants of the serum VEGF levels were identified. One-hundred and fifty-five depressed subjects and 280 controls were included in the study. All individuals returned a questionnaire and participated in a semi-structured diagnostic interview. Eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms were successfully analysed. VEGF levels were measured in serum by immunoassay and independent determinants of the serum VEGF level were assessed by generalized linear models.The main findings were that depression, severity of depression, previous depressive episodes, age and body mass index (BMI) were associated with higher serum VEGF levels. The genetic marker rs10434 was significantly associated with depression after correction for multiple testing, but not with the serum VEGF level. Our final model included depression and BMI as predictors of serum VEGF levels. Our study suggests a role for circulating serum VEGF in depression. Furthermore, our data also demonstrate that other factors than a diagnosis of depression influence the serum VEGF level. The importance of these factors should be emphasized when studies are compared.
Collapse
|
40
|
He S, Zhang T, Hong B, Peng D, Su H, Lin Z, Fang Y, Jiang K, Liu X, Li H. Decreased serum fibroblast growth factor - 2 levels in pre- and post-treatment patients with major depressive disorder. Neurosci Lett 2014; 579:168-72. [PMID: 25079902 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that neurotrophic factor dysfunction might be involved in the pathophysiology and treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, one of the major neurotrophins, plays an important role in the central nervous system (CNS). The aim of this study was to explore whether the FGF-2 in serum was associated with MDD and to evaluate the effects of antidepressant treatment on serum FGF-2 levels. Serum FGF-2 levels were determined in 28 pre- and post-treatment MDD patients and 30 healthy controls using ELISA. The results of the current study revealed that serum FGF-2 levels in MDD patients were significantly lower than those in healthy controls (p=0.005), and the serum FGF-2 levels decreased significantly but marginally following treatment for 8 weeks (p=0.005). These findings demonstrate that the lower serum FGF-2 levels contribute to the pathophysiology of MDD and that FGF-2 may be used as a peripheral biological marker for MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shen He
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Bo Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Daihui Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hui Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhiguang Lin
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yiru Fang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Kaida Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Huafang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; Biochemistry Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; Medical Institution Conducting Clinical Trials for Human Used Drug, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
A review of current evidence for acetyl-l-carnitine in the treatment of depression. J Psychiatr Res 2014; 53:30-7. [PMID: 24607292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite numerous antidepressants available, many patients with depression do not achieve adequate response rendering needs for novel antidepressants with different mechanism of actions. Acetyl-l-carnitine (ALC) is a potential antidepressant with novel mechanism of action because of its diverse functions related with neuroplasticity. Animal and cellular models suggest that ALC's neuroplasiticity effect, membrane modulation, and neurotransmitter regulation may play an important role in treatment of depression. Four randomized clinical studies (RCT) demonstrated the superior efficacy of ALC over placebo (PBO) in patients with depression. Two RCTs showed its superior efficacy over PBO in dysthymic disorder, and 2 other RCTs showed that it is equally effective as fluoxetine and amisulpride in treatment of dysthymic disorder. ALC was also effective in improving depressive symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia and minimal hepatic encephalopathy. It was also found to be equally tolerable to PBO and better tolerable than fluoxetine and amisulpride. In conclusion, ALC may be potentially effective and tolerable next treatment option with novel action mechanisms for patients with depression, in particular older population and patients with comorbid medical conditions who are vulnerable to adverse events from antidepressants. However, more clinical trial data with adequately-powered, well-designed and advanced methodology will be mandatory to conclude whether ALC as a monotherapy or augmentation agent may be efficacious and clinically beneficial for depression.
Collapse
|
42
|
Turner CA, Thompson RC, Bunney WE, Schatzberg AF, Barchas JD, Myers RM, Akil H, Watson SJ. Altered choroid plexus gene expression in major depressive disorder. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:238. [PMID: 24795602 PMCID: PMC4001046 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the emergent interest in biomarkers for mood disorders, we assessed gene expression in the choroid plexus (CP), the region that produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). Genes that are expressed in the CP can be secreted into the CSF and may be potential biomarker candidates. Given that we have previously shown that fibroblast growth factor family members are differentially expressed in post-mortem brain of subjects with MDD and the CP is a known source of growth factors in the brain, we posed the question whether growth factor dysregulation would be found in the CP of subjects with MDD. We performed laser capture microscopy of the CP at the level of the hippocampus in subjects with MDD and psychiatrically normal controls. We then extracted, amplified, labeled, and hybridized the cRNA to Illumina BeadChips to assess gene expression. In controls, the most highly abundant known transcript was transthyretin. Moreover, half of the 14 most highly expressed transcripts in controls encode ribosomal proteins. Using BeadStudio software, we identified 169 transcripts differentially expressed (p < 0.05) between control and MDD samples. Using pathway analysis we noted that the top network altered in subjects with MDD included multiple members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) pathway. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) confirmed downregulation of several transcripts that interact with the extracellular matrix in subjects with MDD. These results suggest that there may be an altered cytoskeleton in the CP in MDD subjects that may lead to a disrupted blood-CSF-brain barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cortney A Turner
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert C Thompson
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - William E Bunney
- Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California - Irvine Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alan F Schatzberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jack D Barchas
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Huda Akil
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stanley J Watson
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lopes R, Soares R, Figueiredo-Braga M, Coelho R. Schizophrenia and cancer: is angiogenesis a missed link? Life Sci 2014; 97:91-5. [PMID: 24378672 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer prevalence and risk in schizophrenia (SZ) patients, as well as their implicated molecular pathways, is a debate that has become increasingly appreciated, despite lacking evidence. Since angiogenesis is imbalanced in both conditions, a non-systematic review of the existing literature using the PubMed database was performed to summarize current knowledge and to elucidate hypothesis regarding the reduced incidence of cancer in SZ, exploring possible angiogenesis biology aspects that can be interrelated both with SZ and cancer. Some lines of evidence based in epidemiology, genetic, molecular and biochemical studies suggest a putative interplay between SZ pathophysiology and angiogenesis, involving different molecular pathways and also influencing cancer biology. Studying angiogenesis in SZ and its implications to cancer is an unexplored field that could provide more insightful knowledge regarding its pathophysiology and promote the development of treatment applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Lopes
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Clinic of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Raquel Soares
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Margarida Figueiredo-Braga
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui Coelho
- Clinic of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Decreased plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations during military training. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89455. [PMID: 24586790 PMCID: PMC3933459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased concentrations of plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and serum BDNF have been proposed to be a state marker of depression and a biological indicator of loaded psychosocial stress. Stress evaluations of participants in military mission are critically important and appropriate objective biological parameters that evaluate stress are needed. In military circumstances, there are several problems to adopt plasma BDNF concentration as a stress biomarker. First, in addition to psychosocial stress, military missions inevitably involve physical exercise that increases plasma BDNF concentrations. Second, most participants in the mission do not have adequate quality or quantity of sleep, and sleep deprivation has also been reported to increase plasma BDNF concentration. We evaluated plasma BDNF concentrations in 52 participants on a 9-week military mission. The present study revealed that plasma BDNF concentration significantly decreased despite elevated serum enzymes that escaped from muscle and decreased quantity and quality of sleep, as detected by a wearable watch-type sensor. In addition, we observed a significant decrease in plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) during the mission. VEGF is also neurotrophic and its expression in the brain has been reported to be up-regulated by antidepressive treatments and down-regulated by stress. This is the first report of decreased plasma VEGF concentrations by stress. We conclude that decreased plasma concentrations of neurotrophins can be candidates for mental stress indicators in actual stressful environments that include physical exercise and limited sleep.
Collapse
|
45
|
Khan D, Fernando P, Cicvaric A, Berger A, Pollak A, Monje FJ, Pollak DD. Long-term effects of maternal immune activation on depression-like behavior in the mouse. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e363. [PMID: 24548878 PMCID: PMC3944633 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2013.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a debilitating mental disease affecting a large population worldwide, the pathophysiological mechanisms of which remain incompletely understood. Prenatal infection and associated activation of the maternal immune system (MIA) are prominently related to an increased risk for the development of several psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia and autism in the offsprings. However, the role of MIA in the etiology of depression and its neurobiological basis are insufficiently investigated. Here we induced MIA in mice by challenge with polyinosinic:polycytidylic phosphate salt-a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA, which enhances maternal levels of the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6)-and demonstrate a depression-like behavioral phenotype in adult offsprings. Adult offsprings additionally show deficits in cognition and hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) accompanied by disturbed proliferation of newborn cells in the dentate gyrus and compromised neuronal maturation and survival. The behavioral, neurogenic and functional deficiencies observed are associated with reduced hippocampal expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)A-VEGFR2. IL-6-STAT3-dependent aberrant VEGFA-VEGFR2 signaling is proposed as neurobiological mechanism mediating the effects of MIA on the developing fetal brain and ensuing consequences in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Khan
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Fernando
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Cicvaric
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Berger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Pollak
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - F J Monje
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - D D Pollak
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Vascular endothelial growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in quetiapine treated first-episode psychosis. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2014; 2014:719395. [PMID: 24672724 PMCID: PMC3941155 DOI: 10.1155/2014/719395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective. It has been suggested that atypical antipsychotics confer their effects via brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We investigated the effect of quetiapine on serum levels of BDNF and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in drug-naive first-episode psychosis subjects. Methods. Fifteen patients drawn from a larger study received quetiapine treatment for twelve weeks. Baseline levels of serum BDNF and VEGF were compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls and to levels following treatment. Linear regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship of BDNF and VEGF levels with outcome measures at baseline and week 12. Results. The mean serum BDNF level was significantly higher at week 12 compared to baseline and correlated with reductions in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and general psychopathology scores. Changes in serum VEGF levels also correlated significantly with a reduction in BPRS scores, a significant improvement in PANNS positive symptoms scores, and displayed a positive relationship with changes in BDNF levels. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that BDNF and VEGF are potential biomarkers for gauging improvement of psychotic symptoms. This suggests a novel neurotrophic-based mechanism of the drug effects of quetiapine on psychosis. This is the first report of VEGF perturbation in psychosis.
Collapse
|
47
|
Dalby RB, Elfving B, Poulsen PHP, Foldager L, Frandsen J, Videbech P, Rosenberg R. Plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor and prefrontal white matter integrity in late-onset depression and normal aging. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2013; 128:387-96. [PMID: 23350796 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cerebral deep white matter lesions (DWMLs), and measures of white matter integrity in patients with late-onset depression, with respect to vascular risk factors. METHOD We examined 22 patients with late-onset depression and 22 matched controls. Quantification of plasma BDNF and VEGF levels were performed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Measures of white matter integrity comprised apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA), obtained by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Effects of DWMLs, FA, ADC, and vascular risk factors on BDNF and VEGF were assessed using multiple linear regression. RESULTS The BDNF and VEGF levels did not differ significantly between groups. With pooled data for patients and controls, the BDNF level was positively associated with both number (t = 2.14, P = 0.039) and volume (t = 2.04, P = 0.048) of prefrontal DWMLs and negatively associated with FA in prefrontal normal-appearing white matter (t = -2.40, P = 0.02), adjusted for age and gender. Smoking and hypercholesterolemia was positively associated with the BDNF (t = 2.36, P = 0.023) and VEGF levels (t = 2.28, P = 0.028), respectively. CONCLUSION Our results suggest a role for BDNF in the complex pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying DWMLs in both normal aging and late-onset depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R B Dalby
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark; MINDLab, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Fornaro M, Rocchi G, Escelsior A, Contini P, Ghio M, Colicchio S, De Berardis D, Amore M, Fornaro P, Martino M. VEGF plasma level variations in duloxetine-treated patients with major depression. J Affect Disord 2013; 151:590-595. [PMID: 23871390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Revised: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling, which modulates angiogenesis and neurogenesis within the neurovascular unit, might play an important role in the neuro-endocrine-immune (NEI) stress-adaptation system. Recent evidence suggests that VEGF is involved in the pathophysiology of a number of diseases including major depressive disorder (MDD) and is affected by some treatments, including antidepressants. The objective of the study was to investigate the VEGF level variations in MDD patients during antidepressant treatment with duloxetine, a relatively new SNRI. METHODS A total of 30 MDD patients and 32 healthy controls were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) and monitored for VEGF plasma levels at baseline, week 6 and week 12 of duloxetine treatment (60 mg/day) and at baseline, respectively. RESULTS According to early clinical response to duloxetine (defined at week 6 by reduction>50% of baseline HAM-D score), the MDD patients were divided into early responders (ER) and early non-responders (ENR). During duloxetine treatment, we found an opposite trend in the VEGF levels between ER and ENR: in ER the VEGF levels significantly increased in association with clinical response at W6, while in ENR the VEGF levels significantly decreased in association with an overall clinical response at W12. LIMITATIONS Small sample size. CONCLUSIONS The opposite trends in VEGF levels, increasing in ER and decreasing in ENR, might reflect differential Norepinephrine/Serotonin effects of duloxetine on differential neurobiological backgrounds of depressive syndromes. Overall, the modulation of VEGF signaling within the neurovascular unit during antidepressant treatment could hypothetically favor the remodeling of neural circuitry, contributing to adaptive adjustment of the NEI stress-adaptation system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fornaro
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa 16100, Italy; Scienze della Formazione, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Giulio Rocchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa 16100, Italy.
| | - Andrea Escelsior
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa 16100, Italy.
| | - Paola Contini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Immunology, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Massimo Ghio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Immunology, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy.
| | | | - Domenico De Berardis
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Mario Amore
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa 16100, Italy.
| | - Pantaleo Fornaro
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa 16100, Italy.
| | - Matteo Martino
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa 16100, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
FGF2 blocks PTSD symptoms via an astrocyte-based mechanism. Behav Brain Res 2013; 256:472-80. [PMID: 24013012 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by traumatic memories or experiences and increased arousal, which can be partly alleviated by antidepressants, the underlying cellular mechanisms are not fully understood. As emerging studies have focused on the critical role of astrocytes in pathological mood disorders, we hypothesized that several 'astrocyte-related' mechanisms underlying PTSD exist. In the present study, using the single prolonged stress (SPS) model, we investigated the effects of intraperitoneal FGF2 on SPS-induced PTSD behavior response as well as the astrocytic activation after FGF2 administration in SPS rats. Behavioral data showed that intraperitoneal FGF2 inhibited SPS-induced hyperarousal and anxiety behavior; however, immunohistochemistry showed that SPS-induced astrocytic inhibition was activated by intraperitoneal FGF2. Quantitative western blotting showed that intraperitoneal FGF2 up-regulated glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), but not NeuN, expression in the hippocampus. We suggest that intraperitoneal FGF2 could block the SPS-induced fear response and anxiety behavior in PTSD via astrocyte-based but not neuron-based mechanisms.
Collapse
|
50
|
Gałecki P, Gałecka E, Maes M, Orzechowska A, Berent D, Talarowska M, Bobińska K, Lewiński A, Bieńkiewicz M, Szemraj J. Vascular endothelial growth factor gene (VEGFA) polymorphisms may serve as prognostic factors for recurrent depressive disorder development. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 45:117-24. [PMID: 23673188 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent depressive disorder (rDD) is a multifactorial disease. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the factors that have been suggested to play a role in the etiology and/or development of this disease. Limited information related to the role of VEGFA gene polymorphism in depressive disorder is available. The aim of the study was to analyze the association between VEGFA gene polymorphisms (+405G/C; rs2010963, +936C/T; rs 3025039), VEGFA gene expression, and its serum protein levels in rDD in the Caucasian population. In the current study, 268 patients and 200 healthy controls of the Caucasian origin were involved. Genotyping and gene expression were performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for detection of circulating serum VEGF levels. The distribution of VEGFA polymorphism +405G/C differed significantly between rDD patients and healthy subjects. The results of this study indicated that the C allele and CC genotype of VEGFA are risk factors for rDD. Haplotypes CC and TG are the important factors for depression development. Further, VEGFA mRNA expression and VEGF levels were higher in rDD patients than in controls. The VEGFA gene polymorphism may serve as a prognostic factor for rDD development. Our study showed higher levels of both VEGFA mRNA in the peripheral blood cells and serum VEGF in patients diagnosed with rDD than in healthy controls. The obtained results suggest VEGF and the gene encoding the molecule play a role in the etiology of the disease and should be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gałecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Łódź, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|