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Zhao H, Jia RZ, Zhang YL, Zhu YJ, Zeng HC, Kong H, McCafferty H, Guo AP, Peng M. Geographical and Genetic Divergence Among Papaya ringspot virus Populations Within Hainan Province, China. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2016; 106:937-944. [PMID: 27070425 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-15-0111-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) severely affects the global papaya industry. Transgenic papaya has been proven to have effective resistance to PRSV isolates from Hawaii, Thailand, Taiwan, and other countries. However, those transgenic cultivars failed to show resistance to Hainan Island isolates. Some 76 PRSV samples, representative of all traditional papaya planting areas across five cities (Wen Chang, n = 13; Cheng Mai, n = 14; Chang Jiang, n = 11; Le Dong, n = 25; and San Ya, n = 13) within Hainan Province, were investigated. Results revealed three genetic diversity groups (Hainan I, II, and III) that correlated with geographical distribution. Frequent mutations among PRSV isolates from Hainan were also observed. The high genetic divergence in PRSV isolates from Hainan is likely to be the cause of the failure of genetically modified papaya that targets sequence-specific virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- First author: College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China 570228; first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, eighth, and ninth authors: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, and Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China 571101; and second, fourth, and seventh authors: Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Waipahu 96797
| | - Rui Zong Jia
- First author: College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China 570228; first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, eighth, and ninth authors: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, and Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China 571101; and second, fourth, and seventh authors: Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Waipahu 96797
| | - Yu-Liang Zhang
- First author: College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China 570228; first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, eighth, and ninth authors: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, and Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China 571101; and second, fourth, and seventh authors: Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Waipahu 96797
| | - Yun Judy Zhu
- First author: College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China 570228; first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, eighth, and ninth authors: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, and Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China 571101; and second, fourth, and seventh authors: Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Waipahu 96797
| | - Hui-Cai Zeng
- First author: College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China 570228; first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, eighth, and ninth authors: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, and Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China 571101; and second, fourth, and seventh authors: Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Waipahu 96797
| | - Hua Kong
- First author: College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China 570228; first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, eighth, and ninth authors: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, and Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China 571101; and second, fourth, and seventh authors: Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Waipahu 96797
| | - Heather McCafferty
- First author: College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China 570228; first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, eighth, and ninth authors: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, and Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China 571101; and second, fourth, and seventh authors: Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Waipahu 96797
| | - An-Ping Guo
- First author: College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China 570228; first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, eighth, and ninth authors: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, and Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China 571101; and second, fourth, and seventh authors: Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Waipahu 96797
| | - Ming Peng
- First author: College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China 570228; first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, eighth, and ninth authors: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, and Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China 571101; and second, fourth, and seventh authors: Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Waipahu 96797
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Tuo D, Shen W, Yang Y, Yan P, Li X, Zhou P. Development and validation of a multiplex reverse transcription PCR assay for simultaneous detection of three papaya viruses. Viruses 2014; 6:3893-906. [PMID: 25337891 PMCID: PMC4213569 DOI: 10.3390/v6103893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), Papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus (PLDMV), and Papaya mosaic virus (PapMV) produce similar symptoms in papaya. Each threatens commercial production of papaya on Hainan Island, China. In this study, a multiplex reverse transcription PCR assay was developed to detect simultaneously these three viruses by screening combinations of mixed primer pairs and optimizing the multiplex RT-PCR reaction conditions. A mixture of three specific primer pairs was used to amplify three distinct fragments of 613 bp from the P3 gene of PRSV, 355 bp from the CP gene of PLDMV, and 205 bp from the CP gene of PapMV, demonstrating the assay's specificity. The sensitivity of the multiplex RT-PCR was evaluated by showing plasmids containing each of the viral target genes with 1.44 × 103, 1.79 × 103, and 1.91 × 102 copies for the three viruses could be detected successfully. The multiplex RT-PCR was applied successfully for detection of three viruses from 341 field samples collected from 18 counties of Hainan Island, China. Rates of single infections were 186/341 (54.5%), 93/341 (27.3%), and 3/341 (0.9%), for PRSV, PLDMV, and PapMV, respectively; 59/341 (17.3%) of the samples were co-infected with PRSV and PLDMV, which is the first time being reported in Hainan Island. This multiplex RT-PCR assay is a simple, rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective method for detecting multiple viruses in papaya and can be used for routine molecular diagnosis and epidemiological studies in papaya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decai Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Wentao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Yong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Pu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Peng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
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Shen W, Tuo D, Yan P, Yang Y, Li X, Zhou P. Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of Papaya ringspot virus. J Virol Methods 2014; 204:93-100. [PMID: 24769198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) and Papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus (PLDMV), which causes disease symptoms similar to PRSV, threaten commercial production of both non-transgenic-papaya and PRSV-resistant transgenic papaya in China. A reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay to detect PLDMV was developed previously. In this study, the development of another RT-LAMP assay to distinguish among transgenic, PRSV-infected and PLDMV-infected papaya by detection of PRSV is reported. A set of four RT-LAMP primers was designed based on the highly conserved region of the P3 gene of PRSV. The RT-LAMP method was specific and sensitive in detecting PRSV, with a detection limit of 1.15×10(-6)μg of total RNA per reaction. Indeed, the reaction was 10 times more sensitive than one-step RT-PCR. Field application of the RT-LAMP assay demonstrated that samples positive for PRSV were detected only in non-transgenic papaya, whereas samples positive for PLDMV were detected only in commercialized PRSV-resistant transgenic papaya. This suggests that PRSV remains the major limiting factor for non-transgenic-papaya production, and the emergence of PLDMV threatens the commercial transgenic cultivar in China. However, this study, combined with the earlier development of an RT-LAMP assay for PLDMV, will provide a rapid, sensitive and cost-effective diagnostic power to distinguish virus infections in papaya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology & Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Decai Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology & Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Pu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology & Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology & Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology & Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology & Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
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Shen W, Tuo D, Yan P, Li X, Zhou P. Detection of Papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus by reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification. J Virol Methods 2013; 195:174-9. [PMID: 24100065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus (PLDMV) can infect transgenic papaya resistant to a related pathogen, Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), posing a substantial threat to papaya production in China. Current detection methods, however, are unable to be used for rapid detection in the field. Here, a reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay was developed for the detection of PLDMV, using a set of four RT-LAMP primers designed based on the conserved sequence of PLDMV CP. The RT-LAMP method detected specifically PLDMV and was highly sensitive, with a detection limit of 1.32×10(-6) μg of total RNA per reaction. Indeed, the reaction was 10 times more sensitive than one-step RT-PCR, while also requiring significantly less time and equipment. The effectiveness of RT-LAMP and one-step RT-PCR in detecting the virus were compared using 90 field samples of non-transgenic papaya and 90 field samples of commercialized PRSV-resistant transgenic papaya from Hainan Island. None of the non-transgenic papaya tested positive for PLDMV using either method. In contrast, 19 of the commercialized PRSV-resistant transgenic papaya samples tested positive by RT-LAMP assay, and 6 of those tested negative by RT-PCR. Therefore, the PLDMV-specific RT-LAMP is a simple, rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective tool in the field diagnosis and control of PLDMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology & Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
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