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Jiao H, Meng C, Jiao F, Zhou G, Wang L, Wu S, Fan C, Li J, Cao L, Zhao Y, Luo Y. Descriptive Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Genotype IV SHEV ORF3-Expressing HepG2 Cells. Microorganisms 2025; 13:412. [PMID: 40005777 PMCID: PMC11858143 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms13020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2025] [Accepted: 02/08/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Background: Swine hepatitis E (HEV) is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by the swine hepatitis E virus (SHEV). Open reading frame 3 (ORF3) is a key virulence factor in swine HEV, playing a crucial role in the release of viral particles, the modulation of the host innate immune response, and regulation of autophagy and apoptosis, etc. However, its main function and pathogenic mechanism remain incompletely understood. Results: In our study, adenoviruses ADV4-ORF3 and ADV4-GFP were successfully constructed and mediated the overexpression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-ORF3 and EGFP in HepG2 cells. A total of 217 differentially expressed messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were screened by high-throughput sequencing, and 27 statistically significant differentially expressed genes were screened for further quantitative real-time reverse transcription (qRT-PCR) verification by functional enrichment (Gene Ontology [GO] and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes [KEGG]). They are mainly involved in six pathways: the cellular response to unfolded protein, inflammatory response, cytokine activity, TNF signaling pathway, influenza A, and pathways in cancer. In a comparative analysis of transcriptome and mRNA expression profiles of lncRNA sequencing, the results showed that 3 mRNAs of GPX1, MDM4, and CLDN and 39 transcripts overlapped and have been identified. Conclusions: Eight differential genes, HSPA1A, HSPA1B, PLD3, RELA, GPI, SAMHD1, RPS6KA4, and PIK3CB, were successfully verified. Comparing and analyzing the results of the two sequencing methods indicated that the 3 mRNAs of GPX1, MDM4, and CLDN and 39 transcripts overlapped and have been identified in SHEV ORF3-expressing HepG2 cells, which has laid a genetic foundation for the physiological function and mechanism of SHEV ORF3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwei Jiao
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (H.J.); (C.M.); (F.J.); (G.Z.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (J.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Chi Meng
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (H.J.); (C.M.); (F.J.); (G.Z.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (J.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Fengyuan Jiao
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (H.J.); (C.M.); (F.J.); (G.Z.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (J.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Gengxu Zhou
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (H.J.); (C.M.); (F.J.); (G.Z.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (J.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Lingjie Wang
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (H.J.); (C.M.); (F.J.); (G.Z.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (J.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Shengping Wu
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (H.J.); (C.M.); (F.J.); (G.Z.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (J.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Cailiang Fan
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (H.J.); (C.M.); (F.J.); (G.Z.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (J.L.); (L.C.)
- Animal Epidemic Prevention and Control Center of Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Jixiang Li
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (H.J.); (C.M.); (F.J.); (G.Z.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (J.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Liting Cao
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (H.J.); (C.M.); (F.J.); (G.Z.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (J.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Yu Zhao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Crop Genitic Resources and Germplasm Innovation in Karst Region, Guiyang 550005, China
| | - Yichen Luo
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (H.J.); (C.M.); (F.J.); (G.Z.); (L.W.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (J.L.); (L.C.)
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Choe S, Song S, Park GN, Shin J, Kim KS, Cha RM, Hyun BH, Park BK, An DJ. Detection of subtypes (3a, 4a and 4d) and high prevalence of hepatitis E virus in Korean wild boar. Vet Microbiol 2019; 240:108531. [PMID: 31902495 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is known to have 4 genotypes but only one serotype. Genotype 1 and 2 infect humans only and genotype 3 and 4 infect humans, pigs and other animal species. Pig and wild boar are also known as reservoirs of HEV infection. Of the 2736 wild boars captured from 2011 to 2016 to investigate the HEV prevalence among Korean wild boars, 1041 serum samples were high seropositive (38.1%; 95% CI: 35.5-40.5) for HEV, which were detected using the anti-HEV antibody ELISA and the highest prevalence rate was 40.6% (684/1683) in 2016. Twenty four HEV strains were also identified from 1859 wild boar bloods captured between 2015 and 2016. The phylogenetic tree constructed based on the partial ORF2 gene revealed that the 23 Korean wild boar HEV strains belonged to genotype 4 (4a and 4d) showing the nucleotide sequences identities 83.4-100 %. The one Korean wild boar HEV strain belonged to genotype 3, segregated into subgenotype 3a. This suggested that major circulating in Korean wild boars is genotype 4a whereas genotype 3a and -4d is minor. It is important to the human public health that HEV with wild boar have potential high risk factor for transmission to human due to eating culture of Korean people with undercooked wild boar gallbladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeEun Choe
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, South Korea
| | - Sok Song
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, South Korea
| | - Gyu-Nam Park
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, South Korea
| | - Jihye Shin
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, South Korea
| | - Ki-Sun Kim
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, South Korea
| | - Ra Mi Cha
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, South Korea
| | - Bang-Hun Hyun
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, South Korea
| | - Bong-Kyun Park
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, South Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Dong-Jun An
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, South Korea.
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Oliveira-Filho EF, Bank-Wolf BR, Thiel HJ, König M. Phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis E virus in domestic swine and wild boar in Germany. Vet Microbiol 2014; 174:233-8. [PMID: 25287630 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging non-enveloped positive strand RNA virus with worldwide distribution that can cause acute liver disease in humans. The virus has also been detected in both domestic and wild animals. In this study we investigated the presence of HEV in free-living wild boar as well as in domestic swine. A total of 105 domestic swine fecal samples and 124 wild boar sera were tested for the presence of HEV RNA by RT-PCR. A 241 nucleotide (nt) fragment from the capsid gene of HEV from one domestic swine and from 18 wild boars were amplified and sequenced. In addition, the complete capsid of three HEV sequences found in wild boar and the complete genomic sequence of the domestic swine HEV were obtained. Phylogenetic analyses based on both the 241 nt fragments as well as four complete capsid gene sequences demonstrated that all sequences belong to genotype HEV-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmilson F Oliveira-Filho
- Institut für Virologie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Barbara R Bank-Wolf
- Institut für Virologie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Heinz-Jürgen Thiel
- Institut für Virologie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Matthias König
- Institut für Virologie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Lee WJ, Shin MK, Cha SB, Yoo HS. Development of a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect anti-IgG against swine hepatitis E virus. J Vet Sci 2013; 14:467-72. [PMID: 24421718 PMCID: PMC3885741 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2013.14.4.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine hepatitis E virus (HEV) is widespread throughout pigs in both developing and industrialized countries. This virus is an important zoonotic agent and a public concern worldwide. Infected pigs are asymptomatic, so diagnosing swine HEV relies on detection of the virus or antibodies against the virus. However, several obstacles need to be overcome for effective and practical serological diagnosis. In this study, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that used a purified recombinant capsid protein of swine HEV. The potential clinical use of this assay was evaluated by comparing it with a commercial kit (Genelabs Technologies, Diagnostics, Singapore). Results of the ELISA were highly correlated with those of the commercial kit with a sensitivity of 97% and specificity of 95%. ROC (receiving operator characteristic) analysis of the ELISA data produced a value of 0.987 (95% CI, 0.977~0.998, p < 0.01). The cut-off value for the ELISA was also determined using negative pig sera. In summary, the HEV-specific ELISA developed in the present study appears to be both practical and economical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Jung Lee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Min Kyoung Shin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Seung Bin Cha
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Han Sang Yoo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Hinjoy S, Nelson KE, Gibbons RV, Jarman RG, Chinnawirotpisan P, Fernandez S, Tablerk P, Labrique AB, Patchanee P. A cross-sectional study of hepatitis E virus infection in pigs in different-sized farms in northern Thailand. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013; 10:698-704. [PMID: 23789726 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigs are an important reservoir of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in many countries throughout the world. We evaluated the association between farm size and presence of serum antibodies against HEV, as well as other risk factors for infection in pigs raised in Nan Province, Thailand in a cross-sectional study. The sampling frame was a total-population census of all pig herds, stratified into three classes of the farm size according to criteria developed by the Nan provincial livestock health office. One-eighth of all pigs in each farm were sampled randomly. All pig-farm owners were interviewed to elicit information on general characteristics of their farms, biosecurity and hygienic procedures, and farm management. We obtained sera and fecal samples from 879 pigs to test for antibodies to HEV and HEV RNA. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for risk factors for HEV seroprevalence were estimated by multivariate logistic regression. The overall prevalence of anti-HEV immunoglobulin G antibodies was 9.9%. Pigs studied from medium-sized farms had a higher HEV seroprevalence than those from larger farms (adjusted OR 4.95, 95% CI: 1.79, 13.70). Factors associated with HEV seropositivity included feeding pigs with agro-industrial byproducts, having veterinarians on farms, and presence of other pig farms within 100 m. Twenty-five (2.9%) of 875 sampled pig stools were positive for HEV RNA. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all HEV isolates clustered to HEV genotype 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soawapak Hinjoy
- Bureau of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
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