1
|
Wakinaka T, Matsutani M, Watanabe J, Mogi Y, Tokuoka M, Ohnishi A. Ribitol-Containing Wall Teichoic Acid of Tetragenococcus halophilus Is Targeted by Bacteriophage phiWJ7 as a Binding Receptor. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0033622. [PMID: 35311554 PMCID: PMC9045211 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00336-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetragenococcus halophilus, a halophilic lactic acid bacterium, is used in the fermentation process of soy sauce manufacturing. For many years, bacteriophage infections of T. halophilus have been a major industrial problem that causes fermentation failure. However, studies focusing on the mechanisms of tetragenococcal host-phage interactions are not sufficient. In this study, we generated two phage-insensitive derivatives from the parental strain T. halophilus WJ7, which is susceptible to the virulent phage phiWJ7. Whole-genome sequencing of the derivatives revealed that insertion sequences were transposed into a gene encoding poly(ribitol phosphate) polymerase (TarL) in both derivatives. TarL is responsible for the biosynthesis of ribitol-containing wall teichoic acid, and WJ7 was confirmed to contain ribitol in extracted wall teichoic acid, but the derivative was not. Cell walls of WJ7 irreversibly adsorbed phiWJ7, but those of the phage-insensitive derivatives did not. Additionally, 25 phiWJ7-insensitive derivatives were obtained, and they showed mutations not only in tarL but also in tarI and tarJ, which are responsible for the synthesis of CDP-ribitol. These results indicate that phiWJ7 targets the ribitol-containing wall teichoic acid of host cells as a binding receptor. IMPORTANCE Information about the mechanisms of host-phage interactions is required for the development of efficient strategies against bacteriophage infections. Here, we identified the ribitol-containing wall teichoic acid as a host receptor indispensable for bacteriophage infection. The complete genome sequence of tetragenococcal phage phiWJ7 belonging to the family Rountreeviridae is also provided here. This study could become the foundation for a better understanding of host-phage interactions of tetragenococci.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jun Watanabe
- Manufacturing Division, Yamasa Corporation, Choshi, Japan
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan
- Institute of Fermentation Sciences, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Mogi
- Manufacturing Division, Yamasa Corporation, Choshi, Japan
| | - Masafumi Tokuoka
- Department of Fermentation Science, Faculty of Applied Bio-Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ohnishi
- Department of Fermentation Science, Faculty of Applied Bio-Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Plota M, Sazakli E, Giormezis N, Gkartziou F, Kolonitsiou F, Leotsinidis M, Antimisiaris SG, Spiliopoulou I. In Vitro Anti-Biofilm Activity of Bacteriophage K (ATCC 19685-B1) and Daptomycin against Staphylococci. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1853. [PMID: 34576751 PMCID: PMC8468654 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate anti-staphylococcal activity of daptomycin and bacteriophage K, alone or in combination, against biofilm-producers and non-producers S. aureus and S. epidermidis strains, under biofilm forming and cells' proliferation conditions. Daptomycin and bacteriophage K (ATCC 19685B1), in different concentrations, were tested against 10 Staphylococcus aureus and 10 S. epidermidis, characterized by phenotypes and genotypes. The quantitative microtiter plate (crystal violet, CV), methylthiazoltetrazolium (MTT), and growth curve (GC) assays were performed. No statistically significant difference was found between species, whereas daptomycin alone performed better using medium and high concentrations of the drug and bacteriophage K was more active against strains with higher susceptibility, by CV and MTT assays. Best results were achieved using both agents combined in high concentrations. Bacteriophage K was effective within 3.8 and 2.4 h, depending on the concentration used, by the GC assay. Combination of daptomycin with bacteriophage K was more effective against staphylococci, depending on the concentrations used and strains' susceptibility. Further studies are needed to evaluate if this approach might be a choice for prevention or therapy of biofilm-associated infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Plota
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (M.P.); (F.K.)
- National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Eleni Sazakli
- Laboratory of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (E.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Nikolaos Giormezis
- National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Foteini Gkartziou
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, FORTH/ICE-HT, Platani, 26504 Patras, Greece; (F.G.); (S.G.A.)
| | - Fevronia Kolonitsiou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (M.P.); (F.K.)
- National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Michalis Leotsinidis
- Laboratory of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (E.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Sophia G. Antimisiaris
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, FORTH/ICE-HT, Platani, 26504 Patras, Greece; (F.G.); (S.G.A.)
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Iris Spiliopoulou
- National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Isolation and application of bacteriophages alone or in combination with nisin against planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus aureus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:5145-5158. [PMID: 32248441 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10581-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a notorious foodborne pathogen since it has ability to produce variety of toxins including heat-stable enterotoxin, form biofilm, and acquire resistance to antibiotics. Biocontrol of foodborne pathogens by lytic bacteriophages garners increasing interest from both researchers and food industry. In the present study, 29 phages against S. aureus were successfully isolated from chicken, pork, and fish. Characterization of the isolates revealed that phage SA46-CTH2 belonging to Podoviridae family had a number of features suitable for food industry applications such as wide host range, short latent period, large burst size, high stress tolerance, and a genome free of virulence genes. Furthermore, phage SA46-CTH2 alone or in combination with nisin exhibited great efficacy in reducing planktonic and biofilm cells of S. aureus at various conditions tested. The combination of phage SA46-CTH2 and nisin was also found to be able to inhibit the regrowth of S. aureus at both 37 and 24 °C.Key points• A total of 29 S. aureus phages were successfully isolated from fish, pork, and chicken products. • Phage SA46-CTH2 was characterized by host range, morphology, and genome sequencing. • SA46-CTH2 significantly reduced both planktonic and biofilm cells of S. aureus. • Combination of SA46-CTH2 and nisin inhibited the regrowth of S. aureus.
Collapse
|
4
|
Grygorcewicz B, Chajęcka‐Wierzchowska W, Augustyniak A, Wasak A, Stachurska X, Nawrotek P, Dołęgowska B. In‐milk inactivation of
Escherichia coli
O157:H7 by the environmental lytic bacteriophage ECPS‐6. J Food Saf 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Laboratory MedicinePomeranian Medical University in Szczecin Szczecin Poland
| | | | - Adrian Augustyniak
- Building Materials and Construction ChemistryTechnische Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Agata Wasak
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Physiological ChemistryWest Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin Poland
| | - Xymena Stachurska
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Physiological ChemistryWest Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin Poland
| | - Paweł Nawrotek
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Physiological ChemistryWest Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin Poland
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Laboratory MedicinePomeranian Medical University in Szczecin Szczecin Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Titze I, Krömker V. Antimicrobial Activity of a Phage Mixture and a Lactic Acid Bacterium against Staphylococcus aureus from Bovine Mastitis. Vet Sci 2020; 7:E31. [PMID: 32155751 PMCID: PMC7157551 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of a phage mixture and a lactic acid bacterium against Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine origin was investigated in vitro with regard to possible applications in the therapy of udder inflammation (mastitis) caused by bacterial infections. The S. aureus isolates used for inoculation derived from quarter foremilk samples of mastitis cases. For the examination of the antimicrobial activity, the reduction of the S. aureus germ density was determined [log10 cfu/mL]. The phage mixture consisted of the three obligatory lytic and S. aureus-specific phages STA1.ST29, EB1.ST11 and EB1.ST27 (1:1:1). The selected Lactobacillus plantarum strain with proven antimicrobial properties and the phage mixture were tested against S. aureus in milk, both alone and in combination. The application of the lactic acid bacterium showed only a low reduction ability for a 24 h incubation period. The bacteriophage mixture as well as its combination with the lactic acid bacterium showed high antimicrobial activity against S. aureus for a 24 h incubation period at 37 °C, with only the phage mixture showing significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Titze
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Microbiology, Hannover University of Applied Sciences and Arts, D-30453 Hannover, Germany
| | - Volker Krömker
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Microbiology, Hannover University of Applied Sciences and Arts, D-30453 Hannover, Germany
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Section for Production, Nutrition and Health, Gronnegardsvej 2, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Titze I, Lehnherr T, Lehnherr H, Krömker V. Efficacy of Bacteriophages Against Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Bovine Mastitis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13030035. [PMID: 32110980 PMCID: PMC7151712 DOI: 10.3390/ph13030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The lytic efficacy of bacteriophages against Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine milk was investigated in vitro, regarding possible applications in the therapy of udder inflammation caused by bacterial infections (mastitis). The host range of sequenced, lytic bacteriophages was determined against a collection of 92 Staphylococcus (S.) aureus isolates. The isolates originated from quarter foremilk samples of clinical and subclinical mastitis cases. A spot test and a subsequent plaque assay were used to determine the phage host range. According to their host range, propagation and storage properties, three phages, STA1.ST29, EB1.ST11, and EB1.ST27, were selected for preparing a bacteriophage mixture (1:1:1), which was examined for its lytic activity against S. aureus in pasteurized and raw milk. It was found that almost two thirds of the isolates could be lysed by at least one of the tested phages. The bacteriophage mixture was able to reduce the S. aureus germ density in pasteurized milk and its reduction ability was maintained in raw milk, with only a moderate decrease compared to the results in pasteurized milk. The significant reduction ability of the phage mixture in raw milk promotes further in vivo investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Titze
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Microbiology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Hannover, D-30453 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Tatiana Lehnherr
- Phage Technology Center GmbH, D-59199 Bönen, Germany; (T.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Hansjörg Lehnherr
- Phage Technology Center GmbH, D-59199 Bönen, Germany; (T.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Volker Krömker
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Microbiology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Hannover, D-30453 Hannover, Germany;
- Section for Production, Nutrition and Health, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nasser A, Azizian R, Tabasi M, Khezerloo JK, Heravi FS, Kalani MT, Sadeghifard N, Amini R, Pakzad I, Radmanesh A, Jalilian FA. Specification of Bacteriophage Isolated Against Clinical Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2019; 10:20-24. [PMID: 30847267 PMCID: PMC6396822 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.1.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The emergence of resistant bacteria is being increasingly reported around the world, potentially threatening millions of lives. Amongst resistant bacteria, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the most challenging to treat. This is due to emergent MRSA strains and less effective traditional antibiotic therapies to Staphylococcal infections. The use of bacteriophages (phages) against MRSA is a new, potential alternate therapy. In this study, morphology, genetic and protein structure of lytic phages against MRSA have been analysed. Methods Isolation of livestock and sewage bacteriophages were performed using 0.4 μm membrane filters. Plaque assays were used to determine phage quantification by double layer agar method. Pure plaques were then amplified for further characterization. Sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and random amplification of polymorphic DNA were run for protein evaluation, and genotyping respectively. Transmission electron microscope was also used to detect the structure and taxonomic classification of phage visually. Results Head and tail morphology of bacteriophages against MRSA were identified by transmission electron microscopy and assigned to the Siphoviridae family and the Caudovirales order. Conclusion Bacteriophages are the most abundant microorganism on Earth and coexist with the bacterial population. They can destroy bacterial cells successfully and effectively. They cannot enter mammalian cells which saves the eukaryotic cells from lytic phage activity. In conclusion, phage therapy may have many potential applications in microbiology and human medicine with no side effect on eukaryotic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Nasser
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina St., Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Azizian
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mohsen Tabasi
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Morovat Taheri Kalani
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Norkhoda Sadeghifard
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Razieh Amini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Pakzad
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Amin Radmanesh
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Azizi Jalilian
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Głowacka-Rutkowska A, Gozdek A, Empel J, Gawor J, Żuchniewicz K, Kozińska A, Dębski J, Gromadka R, Łobocka M. The Ability of Lytic Staphylococcal Podovirus vB_SauP_phiAGO1.3 to Coexist in Equilibrium With Its Host Facilitates the Selection of Host Mutants of Attenuated Virulence but Does Not Preclude the Phage Antistaphylococcal Activity in a Nematode Infection Model. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3227. [PMID: 30713528 PMCID: PMC6346686 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phage vB_SauP_phiAGO1.3 (phiAGO1.3) is a polyvalent Staphylococcus lytic podovirus with a 17.6-kb genome (Gozdek et al., 2018). It can infect most of the Staphylococcus aureus human isolates of dominant clonal complexes. We show that a major factor contributing to the wide host range of phiAGO1.3 is a lack or sparcity of target sites for certain restriction-modification systems of types I and II in its genome. Phage phiAGO1.3 requires for adsorption β-O-GlcNAcylated cell wall teichoic acid, which is also essential for the expression of methicillin resistance. Under certain conditions an exposure of S. aureus to phiAGO1.3 can lead to the establishment of a mixed population in which the bacteria and phages remain in equilibrium over multiple generations. This is reminiscent of the so called phage carrier state enabling the co-existence of phage-resistant and phage-sensitive cells supporting a continuous growth of the bacterial and phage populations. The stable co-existence of bacteria and phage favors the emergence of phage-resistant variants of the bacterium. All phiAGO1.3-resistant cells isolated from the phage-carrier-state cultures contained a mutation inactivating the two-component regulatory system ArlRS, essential for efficient expression of numerous S. aureus virulence-associated traits. Moreover, the mutants were unaffected in their susceptibility to infection with an unrelated, polyvalent S. aureus phage of the genus Kayvirus. The ability of phiAGO1.3 to establish phage-carrier-state cultures did not preclude its antistaphylococcal activity in vivo in an S. aureus nematode infection model. Taken together our results suggest that phiAGO1.3 could be suitable for the therapeutic application in humans and animals, alone or in cocktails with Kayvirus phages. It might be especially useful in the treatment of infections with the majority of methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Głowacka-Rutkowska
- Department of Microbial Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gozdek
- Department of Microbial Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Empel
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Gawor
- Laboratory of DNA Sequencing and Oligonucleotide Synthesis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Żuchniewicz
- Laboratory of DNA Sequencing and Oligonucleotide Synthesis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kozińska
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Dębski
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Gromadka
- Laboratory of DNA Sequencing and Oligonucleotide Synthesis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Łobocka
- Department of Microbial Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Autonomous Department of Microbial Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Uchiyama J, Taniguchi M, Kurokawa K, Takemura-Uchiyama I, Ujihara T, Shimakura H, Sakaguchi Y, Murakami H, Sakaguchi M, Matsuzaki S. Adsorption of Staphylococcus viruses S13′ and S24-1 on Staphylococcus aureus strains with different glycosidic linkage patterns of wall teichoic acids. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:2171-2180. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Uchiyama
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Maya Taniguchi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Kurokawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gao Y, Liu Q, Wang M, Zhao G, Jiang Y, Malin G, Gong Z, Meng X, Liu Z, Lin T, Li Y, Shao H. Characterization and Genome Sequence of Marine Alteromonas gracilis Phage PB15 Isolated from the Yellow Sea, China. Curr Microbiol 2017; 74:821-826. [PMID: 28424938 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-017-1251-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel marine Alteromonas gracilis siphovirus, phage PB15, was isolated from the surface water of the Yellow Sea in August 2015. It has a head diameter of 58 ± 5 nm head and a contractile tail approximately 105 ± 10 nm in length, and overall, the morphology suggests that PB15 belongs to the family Siphoviridae. PB15 phage is stable at over the temperature range 0-60 °C. The best MOI of these phage was 0.1, and infectivity decreased above 60 °C. The results suggest that phage is stable at pH value ranging between 3.0 and 11.0. Chloroform test shows that PB15 is not a lipid-containing phage. A one-step growth curve with a strain of A. gracilis gave a latent period of 16 min and rise period of 24 min and burst size of 60 PFU/cell. Genomic analysis of PB15 reveals a genome size of 37,333 bp with 45.52% G+C content, and 61 ORFs. ORF sequences accounted for 30.36% of the genome sequence. There is no obvious similarity between PB15 and other known phages by genomic comparison using the BLASTN tool in the NCBI database.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Key Lab of Polar Oceanography and Global Ocean Change, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Guihua Zhao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Key Lab of Polar Oceanography and Global Ocean Change, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Gill Malin
- Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Zheng Gong
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xue Meng
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhaoyang Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Tongtong Lin
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yutong Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Hongbing Shao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Phages From Sewage at a Tertiary Pediatric Hospital. ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.39615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
12
|
Wang Z, Zheng P, Ji W, Fu Q, Wang H, Yan Y, Sun J. SLPW: A Virulent Bacteriophage Targeting Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus In vitro and In vivo. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:934. [PMID: 27379064 PMCID: PMC4908117 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a Gram-positive pathogen causing a variety of infections in humans and animals. Extensive use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). As an alternative antibacterial agent against drug-resistant S. aureus, a lytic phage, designated SLPW, was isolated from fecal sewage in a pig farm. The SLPW was morphologically classified under Podoviridae and contains a double-stranded DNA genome. The genome of SLPW was 17,861 bp (29.35% G+C) containing 20 open reading frames and lacked regions encoding lysogeny-related integrase gene and cI repressor gene. Phage SLPW showed a broad host range and high efficiency of plating against various types of S. aureus. One-step growth curve showed a short latency period (10 min) and a long lytic period (120 min). Phage SLPW remained stable under a wide range of temperatures or pH and was almost unaffected in chloroform or ultraviolet light. Further, it efficiently lysed MRSA strains in vitro and in vivo. Intraperitoneal phage administration at 1 h post-infection cured the mice and reduced the bacterial expression of inflammatory cytokines in mice. Specifically, the phage SLPW displayed a wide antibacterial spectrum. It was therapeutically effective against intra-abdominal infection in mice harboring different multilocus sequence typing (MLST) types of S. aureus strains. Therefore, phage SLPW is a potential therapeutic agent against MRSA infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yaxian Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Jianhe Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Latz S, Wahida A, Arif A, Häfner H, Hoß M, Ritter K, Horz HP. Preliminary survey of local bacteriophages with lytic activity against multi-drug resistant bacteria. J Basic Microbiol 2016; 56:1117-1123. [PMID: 27194637 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201600108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) represent a potential alternative for combating multi-drug resistant bacteria. Because of their narrow host range and the ever emergence of novel pathogen variants the continued search for phages is a prerequisite for optimal treatment of bacterial infections. Here we performed an ad hoc survey in the surroundings of a University hospital for the presence of phages with therapeutic potential. To this end, 16 aquatic samples of different origins and locations were tested simultaneously for the presence of phages with lytic activity against five current, but distinct strains each from the ESKAPE-group (i.e., Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter cloacae). Phages could be isolated for 70% of strains, covering all bacterial species except S. aureus. Apart from samples from two lakes, freshwater samples were largely devoid of phages. By contrast, one liter of hospital effluent collected at a single time point already contained phages active against two-thirds of tested strains. In conclusion, phages with lytic activity against nosocomial pathogens are unevenly distributed across environments with the prime source being the immediate hospital vicinity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Latz
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Adam Wahida
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Assuda Arif
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Helga Häfner
- Department of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mareike Hoß
- Electron Microscopy Facility, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Klaus Ritter
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Horz
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pincus NB, Reckhow JD, Saleem D, Jammeh ML, Datta SK, Myles IA. Strain Specific Phage Treatment for Staphylococcus aureus Infection Is Influenced by Host Immunity and Site of Infection. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124280. [PMID: 25909449 PMCID: PMC4409319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The response to multi-drug resistant bacterial infections must be a global priority. While mounting resistance threatens to create what the World Health Organization has termed a “post-antibiotic era”, the recent discovery that antibiotic use may adversely impact the microbiome adds further urgency to the need for new developmental approaches for anti-pathogen treatments. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), in particular, has declared itself a serious threat within the United States and abroad. A potential solution to the problem of antibiotic resistance may not entail looking to the future for completely novel treatments, but instead looking into our history of bacteriophage therapy. This study aimed to test the efficacy, safety, and commercial viability of the use of phages to treat Staphylococcus aureus infections using the commercially available phage SATA-8505. We found that SATA-8505 effectively controls S. aureus growth and reduces bacterial viability both in vitro and in a skin infection mouse model. However, this killing effect was not observed when phage was cultured in the presence of human whole blood. SATA-8505 did not induce inflammatory responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cultures. However, phage did induce IFN gamma production in primary human keratinocyte cultures and induced inflammatory responses in our mouse models, particularly in a mouse model of chronic granulomatous disease. Our findings support the potential efficacy of phage therapy, although regulatory and market factors may limit its wider investigation and use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan B. Pincus
- Bacterial Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jensen D. Reckhow
- Bacterial Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Danial Saleem
- Bacterial Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Momodou L. Jammeh
- Bacterial Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sandip K. Datta
- Bacterial Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ian A. Myles
- Bacterial Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Combined use of bacteriophage K and a novel bacteriophage to reduce Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:6694-703. [PMID: 25149517 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01789-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are major causes of impairment of wound healing and patient morbidity. One of the most common and aggressive wound pathogens is Staphylococcus aureus, displaying a large repertoire of virulence factors and commonly reduced susceptibility to antibiotics, such as the spread of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Bacteriophages are obligate parasites of bacteria. They multiply intracellularly and lyse their bacterial host, releasing their progeny. We isolated a novel phage, DRA88, which has a broad host range among S. aureus bacteria. Morphologically, the phage belongs to the Myoviridae family and comprises a large double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome of 141,907 bp. DRA88 was mixed with phage K to produce a high-titer mixture that showed strong lytic activity against a wide range of S. aureus isolates, including representatives of the major international MRSA clones and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. Its efficacy was assessed both in planktonic cultures and when treating established biofilms produced by three different biofilm-producing S. aureus isolates. A significant reduction of biofilm biomass over 48 h of treatment was recorded in all cases. The phage mixture may form the basis of an effective treatment for infections caused by S. aureus biofilms.
Collapse
|