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Rawal G, Almeida MN, Gauger PC, Zimmerman JJ, Ye F, Rademacher CJ, Armenta Leyva B, Munguia-Ramirez B, Tarasiuk G, Schumacher LL, Aljets EK, Thomas JT, Zhu JH, Trexel JB, Zhang J. In Vivo and In Vitro Characterization of the Recently Emergent PRRSV 1-4-4 L1C Variant (L1C.5) in Comparison with Other PRRSV-2 Lineage 1 Isolates. Viruses 2023; 15:2233. [PMID: 38005910 PMCID: PMC10674456 DOI: 10.3390/v15112233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The recently emerged PRRSV 1-4-4 L1C variant (L1C.5) was in vivo and in vitro characterized in this study in comparison with three other contemporary 1-4-4 isolates (L1C.1, L1A, and L1H) and one 1-7-4 L1A isolate. Seventy-two 3-week-old PRRSV-naive pigs were divided into six groups with twelve pigs/group. Forty-eight pigs (eight/group) were for inoculation, and 24 pigs (four/group) served as contact pigs. Pigs in pen A of each room were inoculated with the corresponding virus or negative media. At two days post inoculation (DPI), contact pigs were added to pen B adjacent to pen A in each room. Pigs were necropsied at 10 and 28 DPI. Compared to other virus-inoculated groups, the L1C.5-inoculated pigs exhibited more severe anorexia and lethargy, higher mortality, a higher fraction of pigs with fever (>40 °C), higher average temperature at several DPIs, and higher viremia levels at 2 DPI. A higher percentage of the contact pigs in the L1C.5 group became viremic at two days post contact, implying the higher transmissibility of this virus strain. It was also found that some PRRSV isolates caused brain infection in inoculation pigs and/or contact pigs. The complete genome sequences and growth characteristics in ZMAC cells of five PRRSV-2 isolates were further compared. Collectively, this study confirms that the PRRSV 1-4-4 L1C variant (L1C.5) is highly virulent with potential higher transmissibility, but the genetic determinants of virulence remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Rawal
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (G.R.); (M.N.A.); (P.C.G.); (J.J.Z.); (C.J.R.); (B.A.L.); (B.M.-R.); (G.T.); (L.L.S.); (E.K.A.); (J.T.T.); (J.-H.Z.); (J.B.T.)
| | - Marcelo N. Almeida
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (G.R.); (M.N.A.); (P.C.G.); (J.J.Z.); (C.J.R.); (B.A.L.); (B.M.-R.); (G.T.); (L.L.S.); (E.K.A.); (J.T.T.); (J.-H.Z.); (J.B.T.)
| | - Phillip C. Gauger
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (G.R.); (M.N.A.); (P.C.G.); (J.J.Z.); (C.J.R.); (B.A.L.); (B.M.-R.); (G.T.); (L.L.S.); (E.K.A.); (J.T.T.); (J.-H.Z.); (J.B.T.)
| | - Jeffrey J. Zimmerman
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (G.R.); (M.N.A.); (P.C.G.); (J.J.Z.); (C.J.R.); (B.A.L.); (B.M.-R.); (G.T.); (L.L.S.); (E.K.A.); (J.T.T.); (J.-H.Z.); (J.B.T.)
| | - Fangshu Ye
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Christopher J. Rademacher
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (G.R.); (M.N.A.); (P.C.G.); (J.J.Z.); (C.J.R.); (B.A.L.); (B.M.-R.); (G.T.); (L.L.S.); (E.K.A.); (J.T.T.); (J.-H.Z.); (J.B.T.)
| | - Betsy Armenta Leyva
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (G.R.); (M.N.A.); (P.C.G.); (J.J.Z.); (C.J.R.); (B.A.L.); (B.M.-R.); (G.T.); (L.L.S.); (E.K.A.); (J.T.T.); (J.-H.Z.); (J.B.T.)
| | - Berenice Munguia-Ramirez
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (G.R.); (M.N.A.); (P.C.G.); (J.J.Z.); (C.J.R.); (B.A.L.); (B.M.-R.); (G.T.); (L.L.S.); (E.K.A.); (J.T.T.); (J.-H.Z.); (J.B.T.)
| | - Grzegorz Tarasiuk
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (G.R.); (M.N.A.); (P.C.G.); (J.J.Z.); (C.J.R.); (B.A.L.); (B.M.-R.); (G.T.); (L.L.S.); (E.K.A.); (J.T.T.); (J.-H.Z.); (J.B.T.)
| | - Loni L. Schumacher
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (G.R.); (M.N.A.); (P.C.G.); (J.J.Z.); (C.J.R.); (B.A.L.); (B.M.-R.); (G.T.); (L.L.S.); (E.K.A.); (J.T.T.); (J.-H.Z.); (J.B.T.)
| | - Ethan K. Aljets
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (G.R.); (M.N.A.); (P.C.G.); (J.J.Z.); (C.J.R.); (B.A.L.); (B.M.-R.); (G.T.); (L.L.S.); (E.K.A.); (J.T.T.); (J.-H.Z.); (J.B.T.)
| | - Joseph T. Thomas
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (G.R.); (M.N.A.); (P.C.G.); (J.J.Z.); (C.J.R.); (B.A.L.); (B.M.-R.); (G.T.); (L.L.S.); (E.K.A.); (J.T.T.); (J.-H.Z.); (J.B.T.)
| | - Jin-Hui Zhu
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (G.R.); (M.N.A.); (P.C.G.); (J.J.Z.); (C.J.R.); (B.A.L.); (B.M.-R.); (G.T.); (L.L.S.); (E.K.A.); (J.T.T.); (J.-H.Z.); (J.B.T.)
| | - Jolie B. Trexel
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (G.R.); (M.N.A.); (P.C.G.); (J.J.Z.); (C.J.R.); (B.A.L.); (B.M.-R.); (G.T.); (L.L.S.); (E.K.A.); (J.T.T.); (J.-H.Z.); (J.B.T.)
| | - Jianqiang Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (G.R.); (M.N.A.); (P.C.G.); (J.J.Z.); (C.J.R.); (B.A.L.); (B.M.-R.); (G.T.); (L.L.S.); (E.K.A.); (J.T.T.); (J.-H.Z.); (J.B.T.)
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Lineage 1 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Attenuated Live Vaccine Provides Broad Cross-Protection against Homologous and Heterologous NADC30-Like Virus Challenge in Piglets. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050752. [PMID: 35632508 PMCID: PMC9146329 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an important pathogen that endangers the swine industry worldwide. Recently, lineage 1 PRRSVs, especially NADC30-like PRRSVs, have become the major endemic strains in many pig-breeding countries. Since 2016, NADC30-like PRRSV has become the predominant strain in China. Unfortunately, current commercial vaccines cannot provide sufficient protection against this strain. Here, an attenuated lineage 1 PRRSV strain, named SD-R, was obtained by passaging an NADC30-like PRRSV strain SD in Marc-145 cells for 125 passages. Four-week-old PRRSV-free piglets were vaccinated intramuscularly with 105.0TCID50 SD-R and then challenged intramuscularly (2 mL) and intranasally (2 mL) with homologous NADC30-like PRRSV SD (1 × 105.0TCID50/mL) and heterologous NADC30-like PRRSV HLJWK108-1711 (1 × 105.0TCID50/mL). The results showed that antibodies against specific PRRSVs in 5 of 5 immunized piglets were positive after a 14-day post-vaccination and did not develop fever or clinical diseases after NADC30-like PRRSV challenges. Additionally, compared with challenge control piglets, vaccinated piglets gained significantly more weight and showed much milder pathological lesions. Furthermore, the viral replication levels of the immunized group were significantly lower than those of the challenge control group. These results demonstrate that lineage 1 PRRSV SD-R is a good candidate for an efficacious vaccine, providing complete clinical protection for piglets against NADC30-like PRRSVs.
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Hou FH, Lee WC, Liao JW, Chien MS, Kuo CJ, Chung HP, Chia MY. Evaluation of a type 2 modified live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome vaccine against heterologous challenge of a lineage 3 highly virulent isolate in pigs. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8840. [PMID: 32266121 PMCID: PMC7115754 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most common diseases in the global swine industry. PRRSV is characterized by rapid mutation rates and extensive genetic divergences. It is divided into two genotypes, which are composed of several distinct sub-lineages. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the cross-protective efficacy of Fostera PRRS MLV, an attenuated lineage 8 strain, against the heterologous challenge of a lineage 3 isolate. Eighteen pigs were randomly divided into mock, MLV and unvaccinated (UnV) groups. The pigs in the MLV group were administered Fostera PRRS vaccine at 3 weeks of age and both the MLV and UnV groups were inoculated with a virulent PRRSV isolate at 7 weeks. Clinically, the MLV group showed a shorter duration and a lower magnitude of respiratory distress than the UnV group. The average days of fever in the MLV group was 3.0 ± 0.5, which was significantly lower than the 6.2 ± 0.5 days of the UnV group (P < 0.001). The average daily weight gains of the mock, MLV and UnV groups were 781 ± 31, 550 ± 44 and 405 ± 26 g/day, respectively, during the post-challenge phase. The pathological examinations revealed that the severity of interstitial pneumonia in the MLV group was milder compared to the UnV group. Furthermore, PRRSV viremia titers in the MLV pigs were consistently lower (101−101.5 genomic copies) than those of the UnV pigs from 4 to 14 DPC. In conclusion, vaccination with Fostera PRRS MLV confers partial cross-protection against heterologous challenge of a virulent lineage 3 PRRSV isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Hsiang Hou
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Wei-Cheng Lee
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Maw-Sheng Chien
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Chih-Jung Kuo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Han-Ping Chung
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Min-Yuan Chia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan (ROC)
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4
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Zhang WL, Zhang HL, Xu H, Tang YD, Leng CL, Peng JM, Wang Q, An TQ, Cai XH, Fan JH, Tian ZJ. Two novel recombinant porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses belong to sublineage 3.5 originating from sublineage 3.2. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:2592-2600. [PMID: 31379138 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an agent of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), which causes substantial economic losses to the swine industry. PRRSV displays rapid variation, and five lineages coexist in mainland China. Lineage 3 PRRSVs emerged in mainland China in 2005 and prevailed in southern China after 2010. In the present study, two lineage 3 PRRSV strains, which are named SD110-1608 and SDWH27-1710, were isolated from northern China in 2017. To explore the characteristics and origins of the two strains, we divided lineage 3 into five sublineages (3.1-3.5) based on 146 open reading frame (ORF) 5 sequences. Both strains and the strains isolated from mainland China were classified into sublineage 3.5. Lineage 3 PRRSVs isolated from Taiwan and Hong Kong were classified into sublineages 3.1-3.3 and sublineage 3.4, respectively. Recombination analysis revealed that SD110-1608 and SDWH27-1710 were derived from recombination of QYYZ (major parent strain) and JXA1 (minor parent strain). Sequence alignment showed that SD110-1608 and SDWH27-1710 shared a 36-aa insertion in Nsp2 with QYYZ isolated from Guangdong Province in 2010. Based on the evolutionary relationship among GP2a, GP3, GP4, GP5 and N proteins between sublineages 3.2 (FJ-1) and 3.5 (FJFS), we speculated that sublineage 3.5 (mainland China) originated from sublineage 3.2 (Taiwan, China). This study provides important information regarding the classification and transmission of lineage 3 PRRSVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hong-Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yan-Dong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Chao-Liang Leng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Jin-Mei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Tong-Qing An
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xue-Hui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jing-Hui Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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5
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Hou FH, Chia MY, Lee YH, Liao JW, Lee WC. A comparably high virulence strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolated in Taiwan. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 65:96-102. [PMID: 31300134 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been endemic in Taiwan since 1991. This study aimed to present a highly virulent PRRSV in Taiwan based on farm data collection and both in vitro and in vivo evaluations in virus challenge studies. This virulent PRRSV strain was first noticed on Farm TSYM due to continuously high nursery mortality rate and severe PRRSV-associated pneumonia. In phylogenetic surveillance, the PRRSV TSYM-strain remained in the predominant position for years, even with several other PRRSV strain invasions. In laboratory challenge trials, the TSYM-strain led to prolonged pyrexia, growth retardation, high mortality rates and high viremia titer that similar to the highly pathogenic PRRSV. The TSYM-strain isolate also triggered early interleukin-10 up-regulation and significantly higher infection rates under in vitro experiments. This study provides information of a comparably virulent strain in Taiwan and its appearance in both farm and laboratory levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Hsiang Hou
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402, Taiwan
| | - Min-Yuan Chia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Han Lee
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Cheng Lee
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402, Taiwan.
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Lin WH, Shih HC, Wang SY, Lin CF, Yang CY, Chiou MT, Lin CN. Emergence of a virulent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Taiwan in 2018. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:1138-1141. [PMID: 30884148 PMCID: PMC6850005 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In March 2018, an abortion storm caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus was confirmed in a farrow‐to‐finish pig herd in Taiwan. Open reading frame 5 and non‐structural protein 2 of the virus confirmed that the virus is closely related to the virulent strains circulating in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hao Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Chun Shih
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yuan Wang
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Fu Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yao Yang
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tang Chiou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Nan Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Kwon T, Yoo SJ, Park JW, Kang SC, Park CK, Lyoo YS. Genomic characteristics and pathogenicity of natural recombinant porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 harboring genes of a Korean field strain and VR-2332-like strain. Virology 2019; 530:89-98. [PMID: 30798067 PMCID: PMC7172094 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), an economically-important disease caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV), has become endemic to most pig-producing countries. Point mutation and recombination are responsible for genetic heterogeneity, resulting in circulation of genetically-diverse strains. However, no natural recombinant PRRSV has yet been identified in Korea. Here, we successfully isolated natural recombinant PRRSV-2 (KU-N1202) using cell culture, investigated its genomic characteristics, and further evaluated its pathogenicity. KU-N1202 is a recombinant strain between Korean MN184-like and VR-2332-like strains. Specifically, ORF5 to partial ORF7 of the VR-2332-like strain was inserted into the backbone of a CP07-626-2-like strain. KU-N1202 induced mild-to-moderate clinical signs and mild histopathological changes with low viral loads in challenged pigs. Contact pigs showed minimal clinical signs and lower viral loads than those in the challenge group. This study demonstrates the genomic characteristics and pathogenicity of natural recombinant PRRSV-2, illustrating the potential importance of recombination in the field. A natural recombinant PRRSV-2 virus (KU-N1202) was isolated using cell culture. The virus harbored the genes from field strain and VR-2332-like strain. KU-N1202 induced mild-to-moderate clinical signs with low viral loads in challenged pig. Contact pigs showed minimal clinical signs with relatively low viral loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyong Kwon
- College of Veterinary Medicine Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung J Yoo
- College of Veterinary Medicine Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Woo Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Choi-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Young S Lyoo
- College of Veterinary Medicine Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Sun YK, Li Q, Yu ZQ, Han XL, Wei YF, Ji CH, Lu G, Ma CQ, Zhang GH, Wang H. Emergence of novel recombination lineage 3 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses in Southern China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 66:578-587. [PMID: 30414310 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Lineage 3 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses, which belong to North America type 2, has a long epidemic history in China. The novel lineage 3 viruses constantly emerging in recent years are characterized by a high detection rate and significant pathogenicity. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of lineage 3 in southern China and selected two isolated strains for genome and virulence analyses. A cross-sectional epidemiology investigation indicated that the prevalence of lineage 3 antigens was 35.68% (95% CI: 27.6-44.3%) among 227 samples collected from over 100 infected farms from January 2016 to July 2017 in southern China. Two novel isolates of lineage 3 were selected. After 20 passages, Marc-145 cells were not susceptible to those viruses. Full-length genome analysis indicated that the two strains share 95.2% homology with each other and 95.7%-96.2% with highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (HP-PRRSVs; JXA1-like strain, lineage 8.7). Phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary results showed that for the two isolates, HP-PRRSV provides most of the ORF1 gene. Animal experiment revealed discrepancies in virulence between the strains. Although challenge resulted in 100% morbidity, the isolate carrying most of the HP-PRRSV ORF1 caused severe clinical symptoms and 40% mortality, whereas the other isolate containing part of the ORF1 gene caused no mortality. Overall, these findings suggest that lineage 3 viruses might be commonly circulating in most of southern China. Frequent recombination events within HP-PRRSVs of this lineage with changing virulence could represent potential threats to the pig industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Kuo Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Fang Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi-Hai Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Quan Ma
- Department of Animal Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Gui-Hong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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