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Pedersen LT, Miszkiewicz J, Cheah LC, Willis A, Domett KM. Age-dependent change and intraskeletal variability in secondary osteons of elderly Australians. J Anat 2024; 244:1078-1092. [PMID: 38238907 PMCID: PMC11095313 DOI: 10.1111/joa.14010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a need to fully understand intra-skeletal variability within different populations to develop and improve age-at-death estimation methods. This study evaluates age-related histomorphometric changes in three different bones intra-individually in a modern Australian sample. Four female and 13 male elderly Australian adult donors (67-93 years) were examined for osteon population density (OPD), osteon area (On.Ar), and Haversian canal area (H.Ar) of secondary osteons to compare between femora, ribs, and humeri and assess against age. In the pooled sex sample, no statistically significant correlations were observed between age and each histological variable. In the males, OPD of the femur increased significantly with age, as did porosity in the rib. In the male humeri, OPD increased moderately with age, while H.Ar was decreased moderately with age. Intra-bone comparisons showed that males had significantly higher osteon counts in their ribs compared to their femora, while their ribs showed statistically significantly less porosity than their humeri. When bone size was accounted for, by adjusting the femur and humerus histology data by robusticity indices, histology values were found to be similar between bones within the same individual. This is despite the upper and lower limbs receiving different ranges and types of biomechanical load. Our findings demonstrate that bone size influences histomorphometry, and this could confound age-at-death estimations that have not been adjusted for robusticity. Future studies would benefit from examining bone histomorphometry within a larger sample size and incorporating bone robusticity measures into histology analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucille T. Pedersen
- College of Medicine and DentistryJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | | | - Lit Chien Cheah
- Division of Tropical Environments and SocietiesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Anna Willis
- College of Arts, Society and EducationJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Kate M. Domett
- College of Medicine and DentistryJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
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Gumpangseth T, Mahakkanukrauh P. Age estimation in the combined long bones and ribs by histomorphometry: Past, present, and future. MEDICINE, SCIENCE, AND THE LAW 2024; 64:52-71. [PMID: 37876174 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231208280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Numerous age estimation methods in unidentified bone have been a long time developing for application in forensic anthropology. The histomorphometric technique is one of the alternative methods that relied upon the evaluation of the cortical bone microstructure over the lifespan as a result of the remodeling process in bone. Remodeling is a sophisticated event occurring from the coupled function of bone formation and resorption cells for maintaining mineral homeostasis and repairment of microdamage in bone tissue. Products derived from remodeling are primary changes in the osteon or haversian system in various regions in the cortical bone, including periosteum, endosteum, and trabecular bone. Throughout life, bone remodeling rate with osteon alteration can be predictable. In the forensic field, histological methods are getting more attention due to the unavailability of macroscopic methods. Histomorphometry approach can be accomplished in fragmentary or incomplete bone remains indicating the limited use of gross morphological methods. In addition, the microscopic methods can aid to increase the more accuracy of analyses and diminish the biased subjective assessment for determining age. Most histomorphometry method utilizes a cross-section of the midshaft of the long bones including the mandible, rib, and clavicle. This review provides the basic knowledge of bone biology and anatomy, several age-estimating methods of histology, and crucial factors for age methods. Studies regarding overall age determination methods from the past until now contribute to obtaining more benefits for developing methods of histomorphometry using human bone in forensic identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Treerat Gumpangseth
- Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Excellence Center in Osteology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh
- Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Excellence Center in Osteology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Littek A, McKenna SJ, Chiam WX, Kranioti EF, Trucco E, García-Donas JG. Automatic Segmentation of Osteonal Microstructure in Human Cortical Bone Using Deep Learning: A Proof of Concept. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040619. [PMID: 37106819 PMCID: PMC10135806 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Cortical bone microstructure assessment in biological and forensic anthropology can assist with the estimation of age-at-death and animal-human differentiation, for example. Osteonal structures within cortical bone are the key feature under analysis, with osteon frequency and metric parameters providing crucial information for the assessment. Currently, the histomorphological assessment consists of a time-consuming manual process for which specific training is required. Our work investigates the feasibility of automatic analysis of human bone microstructure images through the application of deep learning. In this paper, we use a U-Net architecture to address the semantic segmentation of such images into three classes: intact osteons, fragmentary osteons, and background. Data augmentation was used to avoid overfitting. We evaluated our fully automatic approach using a sample of 99 microphotographs. The contours of intact and fragmentary osteons were traced manually to provide ground truth. The Dice coefficients were 0.73 for intact osteons, 0.38 for fragmented osteons, and 0.81 for background, giving an average of 0.64. The Dice coefficient of the binary classification osteon-background was 0.82. Although further refinement of the initial model and tests with larger datasets are needed, this study provides, to the best of our knowledge, the first proof of concept for the use of computer vision and deep learning for differentiating both intact and fragmentary osteons in human cortical bone. This approach has the potential to widen and facilitate the use of histomorphological assessment in the biological and forensic anthropology communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Littek
- Computer Vision and Image Processing Group, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Stephen J McKenna
- Computer Vision and Image Processing Group, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Wei Xiong Chiam
- Computer Vision and Image Processing Group, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Elena F Kranioti
- Forensic Medicine Unit, Department of Forensic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Emanuele Trucco
- Computer Vision and Image Processing Group, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Julieta G García-Donas
- Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
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Walker MM, Oxenham MF, Vlok M, Matsumura H, Thi Mai Huong N, Trinh HH, Minh TT, Miszkiewicz JJ. Human femur morphology and histology variation with ancestry and behaviour in an ancient sample from Vietnam. Ann Anat 2023; 247:152054. [PMID: 36696927 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a genetic component to the minimum effective strain (MES)-a threshold which determines when bone will adapt to function-which suggests ancestry should play a role in bone (re)modelling. Further elucidating this is difficult in living human populations because of the high global genetic admixture. We examined femora from an anthropological skeletal assemblage (Mán Bạc, Vietnam) representing distinct ancestral groups. We tested whether femur morphological and histological markers of modelling and remodelling differed between ancestries despite their similar lifestyles. METHODS Static histomorphometry data collected from subperiosteal cortical bone of the femoral midshaft, and gross morphometric measures of femur robusticity, were studied in 17 individuals from the Mán Bạc collection dated to 1906-1523 cal. BC. This assemblage represents agricultural migrants with affinity to East Asian groups, who integrated with the local hunter-gatherers with affinity to Australo-Papuan groups during the mid-Holocene. Femur robusticity and histology data were compared between groups of 'Migrant' (n = 8), 'Admixed' (n = 4), and 'Local' (n = 5). RESULTS Local individuals had more robust femoral diaphyses with greater secondary osteon densities, and relatively large secondary osteon and Haversian canal parameters than the migrants. The Migrant group showed gracile femoral shafts with the least dense bone made up of small secondary osteons and Haversian canals. The Admixed individuals fell between the Migrant and Local categories in terms of their femoral data. However, we also found that measures of how densely bone is remodelled per unit area were in a tight range across all three ancestries. CONCLUSIONS Bone modelling and remodelling markers varied with ancestral histories in our sample. This suggests that there is an ancestry related predisposition to bone optimising its metabolic expenditure likely in relation to the MES. Our results stress the need to incorporate population genetic history into hierarchical bone analyses. Understanding ancestry effects on bone morphology has implications for interpreting biomechanical loading history in past and modern human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meg M Walker
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, 0200 Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - Marc F Oxenham
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, 0200 Canberra, ACT, Australia; Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3FX Aberdeen, UK
| | - Melandri Vlok
- Sydney Southeast Asia Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Nguyen Thi Mai Huong
- Anthropological and Palaeoenvironmental Department, The Institute of Archaeology of Vietnam, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hoang Hiep Trinh
- Institute of Archaeology, Vietnam Academy of Social Science, 61 Phan Chu Trinh, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tran T Minh
- Anthropological and Palaeoenvironmental Department, The Institute of Archaeology of Vietnam, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Justyna J Miszkiewicz
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, 0200 Canberra, ACT, Australia; School of Social Science, University of Queensland, 4072 St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
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Miszkiewicz JJ, Buckley HR, Feldman M, Kiko L, Carlhoff S, Naegele K, Bertolini E, Guimarães NRD, Walker MM, Powell A, Posth C, Kinaston RL. Female bone physiology resilience in a past Polynesian Outlier community. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18857. [PMID: 36344562 PMCID: PMC9640697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Remodelling is a fundamental biological process involved in the maintenance of bone physiology and function. We know that a range of health and lifestyle factors can impact this process in living and past societies, but there is a notable gap in bone remodelling data for populations from the Pacific Islands. We conducted the first examination of femoral cortical histology in 69 individuals from ca. 440-150 BP Taumako in Solomon Islands, a remote 'Polynesian Outlier' island in Melanesia. We tested whether bone remodelling indicators differed between age groups, and biological sex validated using ancient DNA. Bone vascular canal and osteon size, vascular porosity, and localised osteon densities, corrected by femoral robusticity indices were examined. Females had statistically significantly higher vascular porosities when compared to males, but osteon densities and ratios of canal-osteon (~ 8%) did not differ between the sexes. Our results indicate that, compared to males, localised femoral bone tissue of the Taumako females did not drastically decline with age, contrary to what is often observed in modern populations. However, our results match findings in other archaeological samples-a testament to past female bone physiology resilience, also now observed in the Pacific region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna J. Miszkiewicz
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia ,grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537School of Social Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Hallie R. Buckley
- grid.29980.3a0000 0004 1936 7830Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michal Feldman
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics Group, Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.419518.00000 0001 2159 1813Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lawrence Kiko
- The Solomon Islands National Museum, Honiara, Solomon Islands
| | - Selina Carlhoff
- grid.419518.00000 0001 2159 1813Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Naegele
- grid.419518.00000 0001 2159 1813Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Emilie Bertolini
- grid.469873.70000 0004 4914 1197Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Nathalia R. Dias Guimarães
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Meg M. Walker
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Adam Powell
- grid.419518.00000 0001 2159 1813Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cosimo Posth
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics Group, Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.419518.00000 0001 2159 1813Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rebecca L. Kinaston
- grid.29980.3a0000 0004 1936 7830Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand ,grid.1022.10000 0004 0437 5432Centre for Social and Cultural Research, Griffith University, Southport, QLD Australia ,BioArch South, Waitati, New Zealand
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6
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Estimation of Age-at-Death Using Cortical Bone Histomorphometry of the Rib and Femur: A Validation Study on a British Population. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11111615. [DOI: 10.3390/biology11111615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Histomorphometry constitutes a valuable tool for age estimation. Histological interpopulation variability has been shown to affect the accuracy of age estimation techniques and therefore validation studies are required to test the accuracy of the pre-existing methodologies. The present research constitutes a validation study of widely known histological methods on the sixth rib and the femoral midshaft of a 19th century British population originating from Blackburn, England. An evaluation of the histomorphometric features of eleven ribs and five femora was performed and used to test the accuracy of selected methods. Results indicated that osteon area and circularity were the only histomorphometric variables that presented significant interpopulation variability. Cho et al.’s method for the ribs and the average value produced using Kerley and Ubelaker’s method for intact osteon and percentage of lamellar bone equations for femur were considered the only reliable markers for estimating the age on the Blackburn sample. In the case of old individuals, Goliath et al.’s method provided more satisfactory results. Overall, the present study provides evidence on the applicability of the aging histomorphometric methods on a British sample and highlights the limitations of applying histomorphometric methods developed on different reference populations than the one under investigation.
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7
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Cooke KM, Mahoney P, Miszkiewicz JJ. Secondary osteon variants and remodeling in human bone. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 305:1299-1315. [PMID: 33890727 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Histomorphometric analysis of human cortical bone has documented the occurrence of secondary osteon variants. These include drifting osteons which form tails as they move erratically through the cortex and Type II osteons which show partial resorption and redeposition within the cement line of the osteon. Little is known about the biological significance of these variants. Prior studies suggested correlations with age, biomechanics, diet, and mineral homeostasis. No study has yet tested for osteon variant associations with static measures of bone remodeling. In this study, thin sections (n = 112) of the posterior femur representing a late English Medieval adult human osteological collection, subdivided by age, sex, and socio-economic status, were examined to determine whether remodeling indicators reconstructed from osteon parameters (area, diameter, area ratios) and densities differed between categories of presence or absence of Type II and drifting osteon variants. Of the 112 sections, 33 presented with Type II osteons, and 38 had drifting osteons. Sporadic statistically significant results were identified. Haversian canal:osteon area ratio differed (p = 0.017) with Type II osteon presence, Type II osteons were more prevalent in males than females (p = 0.048), and drifting osteons were associated with smaller osteon (p = 0.049) and Haversian canal area (p = 0.05). These results may be explained through some biological (sex) and social (status) processes such as a period of physiological recovery (e.g., following lactation, malnutrition). However, the general lack of consistent relationships between osteon variants and remodeling indicators suggests they occur as a result of natural variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Cooke
- Skeletal Biology and Forensic Anthropology Research Group, School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Patrick Mahoney
- Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Justyna J Miszkiewicz
- Skeletal Biology and Forensic Anthropology Research Group, School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
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Daegling DJ, Bhramdat HD, Toro-Ibacache V. Efficacy of shear strain gradients as an osteogenic stimulus. J Theor Biol 2021; 524:110730. [PMID: 33894230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The question of which mechanical variables are responsible for inducing osteogenic activity is unresolved despite extensive experimental and theoretical investigation. Candidate variables include strain magnitude, loading frequency, the interaction of magnitude and frequency (strain rate), and strain gradients. An additional challenge is discerning the coordination of periosteal and endosteal expansion during growth, and whether this coordination (or lack thereof) is fully dependent or partially independent of the local mechanical environment. In this study, under the assumption that calculated stresses correspond to relative strain magnitudes, we specify alternative growth algorithms of bone cross-sectional size and geometry to explore skeletal growth under alternative scenarios of osteogenic activity that are tracking 1) an attractor stress, 2) local stress magnitude or 3) steepness of stress gradients. These developmental simulations are initiated from two initial geometries (symmetrical and asymmetrical ellipses) under a time-varying torsional load whose magnitude is proportional to body size growth in a model primate. In addition, we model endosteal expansion under three conditions hypothesized in the literature, in which endosteal expansion is 1) independent of the mechanical milieu, 2) completely dependent on the mechanical milieu, and 3) a "hybrid" model in which intrinsic biological (independent) growth is operative early but gives way to mechanically-sensitive (dependent) growth at later ages. Three variables were recorded over each growth simulation: the safety factor (ratio of yield stress to actual stress), an efficiency ratio (invested bone area per unit of stress), and proximity to an isostress condition (an optimal design criterion in which stress is invariant throughout the structure). The attractor stress algorithm produces the most "adapted" bones in terms of mechanical competence and economy of material. Localized osteogenic activity that is guided in direct proportion to stress magnitude produces competent bones but with variable adult geometries depending on conditions of endosteal expansion. Stress gradients also produce functional but relatively inefficient bones, with widely variable safety factors during growth and heterogeneous stress fields. If, in fact, the osteocyte network monitors strain gradients to generate osteogenic signals, the resulting morphology is competent but falls well short of an optimal mechanical solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Daegling
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7305, USA.
| | - Henna D Bhramdat
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7305, USA
| | - Viviana Toro-Ibacache
- Craniofacial Translational Research Lab|Center of Quantitative Analysis in Dental Anthropology, Facultad de Odontología Universidad de Chile, Olivos 943, Independencia, Región Metropolitana, Chile
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Stewart TJ, Louys J, Miszkiewicz JJ. Intra-skeletal vascular density in a bipedal hopping macropod with implications for analyses of rib histology. Anat Sci Int 2021; 96:386-399. [PMID: 33481185 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-020-00601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Human ribs are thought to be less affected by mechanical strain at the microscopic level than limb bones, implying that rib remodelling better reflects bone physiological homeostasis. Here, we test the hypothesis that rib tissue will be well vascularized and thus enhance susceptibility to metabolic influence. An intra-skeletal comparison of bone vascular canal density was conducted using a macropod animal model adapted to bipedal habitual hopping. The right humerus, ulna, radius, femur, tibia, fibula, a mid-thoracic and upper-thoracic rib of an eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) were sectioned at the midshaft, from which histological sections were prepared. Bone vascularity from a maximum of 12 mm2 of sub-periosteal parallel-fibred and lamellar bone was recorded, resulting in a total of 2047 counted vessels. Vascular canal density data were corrected by cortical width, maximum length, and midshaft circumference robusticity indices computed for each bone. The fibula consistently had the highest vascular canal density, even when corrected for maximum length, cortical width and midshaft circumference robusticities. This was followed by the mid- and upper-thoracic ribs. Vascularity differences between bones were relatively consistent whether vascular canal density was controlled for by cortical width or midshaft circumference robusticities. Vascular canal density and robusticity indices were also positively and negatively correlated (p < 0.05). Results confirm that the ribs are well vascularized, which facilitates bone metabolic processes such as remodelling, but the fibula also appears to be a well vascularized bone. Future research investigating human bone metabolism will benefit from examining thoracic rib or fibula samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahlia J Stewart
- Skeletal Biology and Forensic Anthropology Research Group, School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Julien Louys
- Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution, Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Justyna J Miszkiewicz
- Skeletal Biology and Forensic Anthropology Research Group, School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Miszkiewicz JJ, Rider C, Kealy S, Vrahnas C, Sims NA, Vongsvivut J, Tobin MJ, Bolunia MJLA, De Leon AS, Peñalosa AL, Pagulayan PS, Soriano AV, Page R, Oxenham MF. Asymmetric midshaft femur remodeling in an adult male with left sided hip joint ankylosis, Metal Period Nagsabaran, Philippines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2020; 31:14-22. [PMID: 32877865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated microstructural changes of the right and left midshaft femur in an archaeological individual afflicted with left-sided hip joint ankylosis to assess whether increased cortical porosity was present as a result of leg disuse. MATERIALS The individual is a middle-aged adult male excavated from the Metal Period (∼2000 BP) Nagsabaran, Luzon Island, Philippines. METHODS Following standard examination of femur gross anatomy and differential diagnosis of the hip joint fusion, ∼1 cm thick posterior midshaft femur samples were removed for microstructural examination. Using static histomorphometry, bone multi-cellular unit activity from Haversian canal (vascular pore) density, area, and circularity was reconstructed. Spatial positioning of Haversian canals was mapped using Geographic Information Systems software. Phosphate, carbonate, and carbonate:phosphate ratios were obtained using synchrotron-sourced Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. RESULTS The left femur had greater cortical pore density, with smaller and rounder vascular canals, in addition to lower matrix levels of phosphate and carbonate, when compared to the right femur. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate compromised bone tissue in the left femur, and conform to expected bone functional adaptation paradigms of remodeling responses to pathological and biomechanical changes. SIGNIFICANCE The preservation of this individual's hip abnormality created a unique opportunity to evaluate intra-skeletal bone health asymmetry, which may help other researchers evaluate the presence of limb disuse in archaeological samples. LIMITATIONS A lack of lower limb data limits our interpretations to femur remodeling only. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Future research efforts should aim to examine the presence of remodeling changes in all bones of the lower limb. LAYUNIN Gamit ang buto ng magkabilang pemur ng isang taong natagpuan sa isang archaeological site na may sakit na ankylosis sa kaliwang balakang, pinag-aralan ang iba't-ibang microstructures galing sa gitnang bahagi o midshaft ng pemur upang malaman kung may makikitang mataas na cortical porosity ang buto dahil hindi ito malimit gamitin. GAMIT Ang pinag-aaralang buto ay galing sa isang indibidwal na tinatayang middle-age na lalaki na namuhay noong Panahon ng Metal (∼2000 BP) sa Nagsabaran, Cagayan, Republika ng Pilipinas. PAMAMARAAN Matapos ang unang pagkilatis sa femur at ang pagkilala ng sakit sa balakang, kumuha ng ∼1 sentimetro ng buto galing sa midshaft ng pemur upang lalong mapag-aralan ang kanyang microstructure. Gamit ang static histomorphometry, napag-aralan ang mga naiwang bakas ng multi-cellular unit activity ayon sa kapal, laki at pagkakabilog ng Haversian canal (vascular pore). Gumamit din ng Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software upang mapag-aralan ang kaugnayan ng posisyon ng Haversian canal. Panghuli, gumamit din ng synchroton-sourced Fourier transform infrared (sFTIR) microspectroscopy upang makuha ang bilang ng phosphate, carbonate, at carbonate:phosphate ratio. RESULTA Napag-alaman na ang kaliwang pemur ay mayroong higit na maraming cortical pores, maliit at mabilog na vascular canals, at mababang bilang ng phosphate, carbonate kung ihahambing sa kanang pemur. KONKLUSYON Ayon sa aming datos, ang kaliwang pemur ay umaayon sa mga katangian ng isang butong may sakit. Sumunod din ito sa inaasahang bone functional adaptation paradigms of remodeling ng buto dahil may sakit at hindi nagamit. KAHALAGAHAN Dahil maganda ang pagkakalibing ng buto ng balakang, nagkaroon ng pagkakataong makilatis ang kalusugan ng sinaunang-tao sa pamamagitan ng pag-aaral ng kalusugan ng buto. Dagdag pa, makakatulong din ito upang malaman kung ibang mananaliksik ang pag-aaral ng ibang butong hindi nagagamit mula sa archaeological site. LIMITASYON Dahil walang nakuhang ibang buto mula sa binti at paa, ang pemur lang ang naimbestigahan. MUNGKAHI PARA SA MGA SUSUNOD NA PAG-AARAL Kung magkakaroon ng pagkakataon sa susunod, dapat maimbistigahan ang lahat ng buto ng binti (lower limb).
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna J Miszkiewicz
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, 44 Linnaeus Way, Canberra, ACT, 2601 Australia.
| | - Claire Rider
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, 44 Linnaeus Way, Canberra, ACT, 2601 Australia
| | - Shimona Kealy
- School of Culture, History, and Language, Archaeology and Natural History, College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - Christina Vrahnas
- Bone Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes Street, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3065, Australia; MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie A Sims
- Bone Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes Street, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Jitraporn Vongsvivut
- Infrared Microspectroscopy (IRM) Beamline, ANSTO - Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Mark J Tobin
- Infrared Microspectroscopy (IRM) Beamline, ANSTO - Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | | | - Alexandra S De Leon
- Archaeology Division, National Museum of the Philippines, P. Burgos St., Manila, 1000, Philippines
| | - Antonio L Peñalosa
- Archaeology Division, National Museum of the Philippines, P. Burgos St., Manila, 1000, Philippines
| | - Pablo S Pagulayan
- Archaeology Division, National Museum of the Philippines, P. Burgos St., Manila, 1000, Philippines
| | - Adan V Soriano
- Archaeology Division, National Museum of the Philippines, P. Burgos St., Manila, 1000, Philippines
| | - Ruth Page
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, 44 Linnaeus Way, Canberra, ACT, 2601 Australia
| | - Marc F Oxenham
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, 44 Linnaeus Way, Canberra, ACT, 2601 Australia; Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, St. Mary's, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen, AB24 3UF, Scotland, United Kingdom
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11
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Kohara Y, Kitazawa S, Kitazawa R, Haraguchi R, Arai K, Amasaki H, Soeta S. Localization of DLL1- and NICD-positive osteoblasts in cortical bone during postnatal growth in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:186-190. [PMID: 32703409 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The long bone midshaft expands by forming primary osteons at the periosteal surface of cortical bone in humans and rodents. Osteoblastic bone formation in the vascular cavity in the center of primary osteons is delayed during cortical bone development. The mechanisms of the formation of primary osteons is not fully understood, however. Focusing on NOTCH1 signaling, an inhibitory signaling on osteoblastic bone formation, our immunohistochemical analysis revealed Delta like1 (DLL1), a ligand of NOTCH1, and the NOTCH1 intracellular domain (NICD, an activated form of NOTCH1) immunoreactivity, in the cuboidal osteoblasts lining the bone surface in the vascular cavity of primary osteons during postnatal growth in rats. Interestingly, five days after treatment of primary osteoblasts with ascorbic acid and β glycerophosphate, protein levels of both DLL1 and NICD increased transiently, indicating that DLL1 activates NOTCH1 in primary cultured osteoblasts. Thus, the results imply that DLL1-NOTCH1 signaling in osteoblasts is associated with primary osteonal bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Kohara
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino City, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan.
| | - Sohei Kitazawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Riko Kitazawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan; Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Ryuma Haraguchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Arai
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari City, Ehime, 794-8555, Japan
| | - Hajime Amasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino City, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Satoshi Soeta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino City, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
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Miszkiewicz JJ, Louys J, O'Connor S. Microanatomical Record of Cortical Bone Remodeling and High Vascularity in a Fossil Giant Rat Midshaft Femur. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 302:1934-1940. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna J. Miszkiewicz
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, College of Arts and Social Sciences Australian National University Canberra Australia
| | - Julien Louys
- Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution, Environmental Futures Research Institute Griffith University Brisbane Australia
| | - Sue O'Connor
- Archaeology and Natural History, College of Asia and the Pacific Australian National University Canberra Australia
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13
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Pitfield R, Deter C, Mahoney P. Bone histomorphometric measures of physical activity in children from medieval England. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 169:730-746. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Pitfield
- Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of Kent Canterbury UK
| | - Chris Deter
- Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of Kent Canterbury UK
| | - Patrick Mahoney
- Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of Kent Canterbury UK
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14
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Pitfield R, Miszkiewicz JJ, Mahoney P. Microscopic markers of an infradian biorhythm in human juvenile ribs. Bone 2019; 120:403-410. [PMID: 30503954 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that there may be an infradian systemic biorhythm that coordinates aspects of human hard tissue growth and influences adult body size. Here we investigate if evidence of this biorhythm retained in human teeth as the periodicity of Retzius lines (RP) corresponds with the microstructural growth of a non-weight bearing bone, the rib, in a sample of 50 human juvenile skeletons. Using static histomorphometric methods, the RP of one permanent tooth from each skeleton was calculated and combined with measures of bone remodeling in a rib from the same individual. Results provide the first evidence that the infradian biorhythm is linked to bone remodeling in children. Retzius periodicity was negatively correlated with relative osteon area (r = -0.563, p = 0.008) and positively related to Haversian canal area (r = 0.635, p = 0.002) and diameter (r = 0.671, p = 0.001) in children between the age of 8 to 12 years. There was also a negative correlation between RP and the relative cortical area of ribs (r = -0.500, p = 0.048). Relationships between bone remodeling and the biorhythm were much more variable in younger children. Results imply that as the biorhythm speeds up there is increased bone deposition during remodeling of the rib, leading to the larger osteonal lamellar bone areas and smaller Haversian canals in children between 8 and 12 years of age. Our results support the idea that there is an infradian biorhythm that coordinates aspects of human hard tissue growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Pitfield
- Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NR, England, United Kingdom.
| | - Justyna J Miszkiewicz
- Skeletal Biology and Forensic Anthropology Research Group, School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Patrick Mahoney
- Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NR, England, United Kingdom
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