1
|
Róna V, Bencze B, Kelemen K, Végh D, Tóth R, Kói T, Hegyi P, Varga G, Rózsa NK, Géczi Z. Effect of Chitosan on the Number of Streptococcus mutans in Saliva: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15270. [PMID: 37894948 PMCID: PMC10607225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a meta-analysis and systematic review to investigate the efficacy of chitosan-containing chewing gums, and to test their inhibitory effects on Streptococcus mutans. The systematic search was performed in three databases (Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and PubMed) and included English-language randomized-controlled trials to compare the efficacy of chitosan in reducing the number of S. mutans. To assess the certainty of evidence, the GRADE tool was used. Mean differences were calculated with a 95% confidence interval for one outcome: bacterial counts in CFU/mL. The protocol of the study was registered on PROSPERO, registration number CRD42022365006. Articles were downloaded (n = 6758) from EMBASE (n = 2255), PubMed (n = 1516), and Cochrane (n = 2987). After the selection process, a total of four articles were included in the qualitative synthesis and three in the quantitative synthesis. Our results show that chitosan reduced the number of bacteria. The difference in mean quantity was -4.68 × 105. The interval of the random-effects model was [-2.15 × 106; 1.21 × 106] and the prediction interval was [1.03 × 107; 9.40 × 106]. The I2 value was 98% (p = 0.35), which indicates a high degree of heterogeneity. Chitosan has some antibacterial effects when used as a component of chewing gum, but further studies are needed. It can be a promising antimicrobial agent for prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virág Róna
- Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (V.R.); (B.B.); (K.K.); (D.V.)
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (R.T.); (T.K.); (P.H.); (G.V.); (N.K.R.)
| | - Bulcsú Bencze
- Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (V.R.); (B.B.); (K.K.); (D.V.)
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (R.T.); (T.K.); (P.H.); (G.V.); (N.K.R.)
| | - Kata Kelemen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (V.R.); (B.B.); (K.K.); (D.V.)
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (R.T.); (T.K.); (P.H.); (G.V.); (N.K.R.)
| | - Dániel Végh
- Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (V.R.); (B.B.); (K.K.); (D.V.)
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (R.T.); (T.K.); (P.H.); (G.V.); (N.K.R.)
| | - Réka Tóth
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (R.T.); (T.K.); (P.H.); (G.V.); (N.K.R.)
| | - Tamás Kói
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (R.T.); (T.K.); (P.H.); (G.V.); (N.K.R.)
- Department of Stochastics, Institute of Mathematics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (R.T.); (T.K.); (P.H.); (G.V.); (N.K.R.)
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Varga
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (R.T.); (T.K.); (P.H.); (G.V.); (N.K.R.)
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Noémi Katinka Rózsa
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (R.T.); (T.K.); (P.H.); (G.V.); (N.K.R.)
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Géczi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (V.R.); (B.B.); (K.K.); (D.V.)
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (R.T.); (T.K.); (P.H.); (G.V.); (N.K.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Leite ML, Anselmi C, Soares IPM, Manso AP, Hebling J, Carvalho RM, de Souza Costa CA. Calcium silicate-coated porous chitosan scaffold as a cell-free tissue engineering system for direct pulp capping. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1763-1776. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
3
|
Kikuchi LNT, Freitas SRM, Amorim AF, Delechiave G, Catalani LH, Braga RR, Moreira MS, Boaro LCC, Gonçalves F. Effects of the crosslinking of chitosan/DCPA particles in the antimicrobial and mechanical properties of dental restorative composites. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1482-1491. [PMID: 35835609 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The development of restorative materials containing antibacterial agents is an alternative to reduce the progression of caries lesions. OBJECTIVE to compare the influence of the degree of crosslinking of chitosan particles loaded with dibasic calcium phosphate (DCPA) on the mechanical properties, degree of conversion (DC), and antimicrobial properties of experimental composites. METHODS Chitosan/DCPA particles were synthesized by the electrospraying, crosslinked by 0, 8, or 16 h in glutaraldehyde, and characterized by zeta potential and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against S. mutans. Experimental resin composites of Bis-GMA and TEGDMA and 59.5% of barium glass were synthesized, chitosan/DCPA particles were added at 0 or 0.5 wt% with the different crosslinking time. The materials were subject to DC analysis, three-point bending test at 24 h and 7 days, and antimicrobial assays. Data were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey test (α = 0.05). RESULTS The particles with longer crosslinking time presented higher zeta potential and MIC, and the composite containing these particles showed significantly higher biofilm inhibition than the control group. The other two groups were similar to each other and the control. The composite containing particles with 88 h crosslinking time showed the lowest flexural strength at 7 days in water, and materials with non-crosslinked particles and longer crosslinking time presented flexural strength similar to control. The flexural modulus and DC showed no statistical difference among groups. SIGNIFICANCE composite resin containing 0.5% chitosan/DCPA particles crosslinked by 16 h showed a reduction of biofilm formation without affecting the mechanical properties in relation to the control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Nobuco Takamori Kikuchi
- Universidade Ibirapuera, Departamento de Odontologia, Av. Interlagos 1329 - 4º andar, 04661-100 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Selma Regina Muniz Freitas
- Universidade Santo Amaro, Faculdade de Odontologia, Rua Prof. Eneas de Siqueira Neto, 340, 04829-300 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Aldo Ferreira Amorim
- Universidade Ibirapuera, Departamento de Odontologia, Av. Interlagos 1329 - 4º andar, 04661-100 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Giovanne Delechiave
- Instituto de Química da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Henrique Catalani
- Instituto de Química da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Roberto Ruggiero Braga
- Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Biomateriais e Biologia Oral, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2222, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Stella Moreira
- Universidade Ibirapuera, Departamento de Odontologia, Av. Interlagos 1329 - 4º andar, 04661-100 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Flávia Gonçalves
- Universidade Ibirapuera, Departamento de Odontologia, Av. Interlagos 1329 - 4º andar, 04661-100 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Universidade Santo Amaro, Faculdade de Odontologia, Rua Prof. Eneas de Siqueira Neto, 340, 04829-300 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zarghami V, Ghorbani M, Bagheri KP, Shokrgozar MA. Improving bactericidal performance of implant composite coatings by synergism between Melittin and tetracycline. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2022; 33:46. [PMID: 35596852 PMCID: PMC9124168 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-022-06666-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (MRSA) are serious hazards of bone implants. The present study was aimed to use the potential synergistic effects of Melittin and tetracycline to prevent MRSA associated bone implant infection. Chitosan/bioactive glass nanoparticles/tetracycline composite coatings were deposited on hydrothermally etched titanium substrate. Melittin was then coated on composite coatings by drop casting method. The surfaces were analyzed by FTIR, XRD, and SEM instruments. Tetracycline in coatings revealed multifunctional behaviors include bone regeneration and antibacterial activity. Releasing ALP enzyme from MC3T3 cells increased by tetracycline, so it is suitable candidate as osteoinductive and antibacterial agent in orthopedic implants coatings. Melittin increased the proliferation of MC3T3 cells. Composite coatings with combination of tetracycline and Melittin eradicate all MRSA bacteria, while coatings with one of them could no t eradicate all of the bacteria. In conclusion, chitosan/bioactive glass/tetracycline/Melittin coating can be suggested as a multifunctional bone implant coating because of its osteogenic and promising antibacterial activity. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Zarghami
- Institute for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghorbani
- Institute for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kamran Pooshang Bagheri
- Venom & Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab., Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abdel‐Monem RA, Rabie ST, El‐Liethy MA, Hemdan BA, El‐Nazer HA, Gaballah ST. Chitosan‐
PVC
conjugates/metal nanoparticles for biomedical applications. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samira T. Rabie
- Photochemistry Department National Research Centre Dokki Giza Egypt
| | - Mohamed Azab El‐Liethy
- Environmental Microbiology Lab., Water Pollution Research Department National Research Centre Dokki, Giza Egypt
| | - Bahaa A. Hemdan
- Environmental Microbiology Lab., Water Pollution Research Department National Research Centre Dokki, Giza Egypt
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schestakow A, Guth MS, Eisenmenger TA, Hannig M. Evaluation of Anti-Biofilm Activity of Mouthrinses Containing Tannic Acid or Chitosan on Dentin In Situ. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051351. [PMID: 33802588 PMCID: PMC7961503 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to enamel, dentin surfaces have been rarely used as substrates for studies evaluating the effects of experimental rinsing solutions on oral biofilm formation. The aim of the present in situ study was to investigate the effects of tannic acid and chitosan on 48-h biofilm formation on dentin surfaces. Biofilm was formed intraorally on dentin specimens, while six subjects rinsed with experimental solutions containing tannic acid, chitosan and water as negative or chlorhexidine as positive control. After 48 h of biofilm formation, specimens were evaluated for biofilm coverage and for viability of bacteria by fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, saliva samples were collected after rinsing and analyzed by fluorescence (five subjects) and transmission electron microscopy (two subjects) in order to investigate the antibacterial effect on bacteria in a planktonic state and to visualize effects of the rinsing agents on salivary proteins. After rinsing with water, dentin specimens were covered by a multiple-layered biofilm with predominantly vital bacteria. In contrast, chlorhexidine led to dentin surfaces covered only by few and avital bacteria. By rinsing with tannic acid both strong anti-adherent and antibacterial effects were observed, but the effects declined in a time-dependent manner. Transmission electron micrographs of salivary samples indicated that aggregation of proteins and bacteria might explain the antiadhesion effects of tannic acid. Chitosan showed antibacterial effects on bacteria in saliva, while biofilm viability was only slightly reduced and no effects on bacterial adherence on dentin were observed, despite proteins being aggregated in saliva after rinsing with chitosan. Tannic acid is a promising anti-biofilm agent even on dentin surfaces, while rinsing with chitosan could not sufficiently prevent biofilm formation on dentin.
Collapse
|
7
|
Manikyamba YJB, Rama Raju AV, Suresh Sajjan MC, Bhupathi PA, Rao DB, Raju JVVSN. An evaluation of antimicrobial potential of irreversible hydrocolloid impression material incorporated with chitosan. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2020; 20:297-303. [PMID: 33223700 PMCID: PMC7654205 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_50_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the antimicrobial potential of irreversible hydrocolloid impression material manipulated using chitosan impregnated solution at various time intervals. Setting and Design: Evaluative invivo study design. Materials and Methods: Maxillary impressions made for 20 dentulous volunteers using irreversible hydrocolloid impression material manipulated using distilled water as control and using 1% chitosan impregnated solution as test group using stock metal trays with one-week interval. Bacterial samples were collected using dry sterile cotton swab in the mid-palatal region at the time intervals of 0, 10, 20 minutes. Bacterial swabs were inoculated on nutrient agar media and incubated at 37° C for 24 hours. Bacterial colonies were counted with the aid of colony counter. Statistical Analysis Used: The resultant data was subjected to statistical analysis using repeated measures ANOVA and independent t test. Results: Adding water soluble chitosan to irreversible hydrocolloid impression material resulted in superior antimicrobial activity. With the passage of time there was a significant decrease in the microbial colony count upto 10min (p=0.016). However, the rate of decrease of microbial colony count was statistically insignificant between the samples collected at 10 and 20 min. Conclusion: Incorporation of water soluble chitosan to irreversible hydrocolloid impression material showed significant antimicrobial activity in 10 minutes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - A V Rama Raju
- Department of Prosthodontics, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - M C Suresh Sajjan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - P Arun Bhupathi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Jampana V V S N Raju
- Department of Prosthodontics, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhou L, Wong HM, Li QL. Anti-Biofouling Coatings on the Tooth Surface and Hydroxyapatite. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:8963-8982. [PMID: 33223830 PMCID: PMC7671468 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s281014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental plaque is one type of biofouling on the tooth surface that consists of a diverse population of microorganisms and extracellular matrix and causes oral diseases and even systematic diseases. Numerous studies have focused on preventing bacteria and proteins on tooth surfaces, especially with anti-biofouling coatings. Anti-biofouling coatings can be stable and sustainable over the long term on the tooth surface in the complex oral environment. In this review, numerous anti-biofouling coatings on the tooth surface and hydroxyapatite (as the main component of dental hard tissue) were summarized based on their mechanisms, which include three major strategies: antiprotein and antibacterial adhesion through chemical modification, contact killing through the modification of antimicrobial agents, and antibacterial agent release. The first strategy of coatings can resist the adsorption of proteins and bacteria. However, these coatings use passive strategies and cannot kill bacteria. The second strategy can interact with the cell membrane of bacteria to cause bacterial death. Due to the possibility of delivering a high antibacterial agent concentration locally, the third strategy is recommended and will be the trend of local drug use in dentistry in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR999077, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai Ming Wong
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR999077, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei230000, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Schestakow A, Hannig M. Effects of Experimental Agents Containing Tannic Acid or Chitosan on the Bacterial Biofilm Formation in Situ. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091315. [PMID: 32932628 PMCID: PMC7564313 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan and tannic acid are known for their antibacterial properties. In the present in-situ study, their antibacterial and anti-adherent effects on biofilm formation on enamel were investigated. Six subjects carried upper jaw splints with bovine enamel specimens, allowing in-situ biofilm formation. During the two-day trial, subjects rinsed with experimental solutions that contained either chitosan, tannic acid (pH = 2.5), tannic acid (pH = 7) or hydrochloric acid. Water served as the negative and chlorhexidine as the positive control. Rinsing occurred four or five times following two different rinsing protocols to investigate both the immediate and long-lasting effects. After 48 h of intraoral exposure, the dental plaque was stained with LIVE/DEAD® BacLight, and fluorescence micrographs were evaluated by using the software ImageJ. The results were verified by scanning electron microscopy. Rinsing with chitosan resulted in little immediate antibacterial and anti-adherent effects but failed to show any long-lasting effect, while rinsing with tannic acid resulted in strong immediate and long-lasting effects. Except for a slightly lower antibacterial effect, the neutral solution of tannic acid was as good as the acidic solution. Hydrochloric acid showed neither an antibacterial nor an anti-adherent effect on dental biofilm formation. Experimental solutions containing tannic acid are promising anti-biofilm agents, irrespective of the pH values of the solutions. Chitosan, on the other hand, was not able to prevent biofilm formation.
Collapse
|
10
|
Therapeutic Use of Silver Nanoparticles in the Prevention and Arrest of Dental Caries. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2020; 2020:8882930. [PMID: 32855631 PMCID: PMC7443198 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8882930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is one of the major diseases of the oral cavity affecting humans worldwide. Different alternatives have been used for its control, but its incidence and prevalence are still high. On the other hand, silver has been used for centuries due to its antimicrobial properties. With advances in nanotechnology, the use and research in nanomaterials has increased, recently, and silver nanoparticles have become an essential part of the dental practice, giving materials physical and chemical improvements in their properties, used for their antibacterial capacity preventing and arresting dental caries. The objective of this review was to examine the use of silver nanoparticles, in the treatment of dental caries in the remineralization of teeth hard tissues, as well as the antimicrobial potential, cytotoxicity, and long-term effectiveness.
Collapse
|
11
|
Torres-Rosas R, Torres-Gómez N, Moreno-Rodríguez A, García-Contreras R, Argueta-Figueroa L. Anti-Inflammatory and Antibacterial Activity of the Chitosan/Chlorhexidine Gel Commercial Preparation for Postexodontia Treatment: An In Vitro Study. Eur J Dent 2020; 14:397-403. [PMID: 32688408 PMCID: PMC7440956 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1714453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective
The present study aimed to assess
in vitro
the antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, and the expression of prostaglandin E
2
(PGE
2
) of Bexident post topical gel (BP).
Materials and Methods
The broth dilution test was performed to analyze the antimicrobial activity of BP against
Staphylococcus aureus
,
Escherichia coli
, and
Streptococcus mutans
. Minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were assessed. Cytotoxic activity was performed by the MTT (tetrazolium dye) method on human gingival fibroblast (HGF), human bone cells (HBC), and human pulp cells (HPC) (from primary cell culture) and HGF-1 from American Type Culture Collection. The expression of PGE
2
produced by RAW 264.7 cells was determined by ELISA utilizing an Enzyme Immuno-Assay Kit.
Statistical Analysis
Shapiro–Wilks normality test and Mann–Whitney U test were performed for all data.
Results
The MBCs of BP for
S. aureus
,
E. coli
, and
S. mutans
were found at 25, 50, and 12.5%, respectively. The MICs for the same strains were found at 12.5, 25, and 3.125%. The CC
50
of BP gel for HBC, HPC, and HGF, and HGF-1 were 12.5 ± 1.09, 0.37 ± 0.02, 0.35 ± 0.02, and 20.4 ± 0.02%, respectively. The levels of expression PGE
2
produced by RAW 264.7 cells treated with IL-1β exhibit an inverse dose-dependent effect on the concentrations of BP gel used.
Conclusion
Our results indicate that the BP gel has a great antibacterial effect, adequate biocompatibility, showing a decrease in the expression of PGE
2
on cells with previously induced inflammation. Due to the above, its use as a healing agent after oral surgery seems to be adequate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Torres-Rosas
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, México
| | - Nayely Torres-Gómez
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable, UAEM-UNAM, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, México
| | | | - René García-Contreras
- Laboratorio de Investigación Interdisciplinaria, Área de Nanoestructuras y Biomateriales, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, León, Guanajuato, México
| | - Liliana Argueta-Figueroa
- Cátedras-Conacyt - Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, México
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Saita K, Nagaoka S, Shirosaki T, Horikawa M, Ihara H. Dispersible chitosan particles showing bacteriostatic effect against Streptococcus mutans and their dental polishing effect. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:1265-1273. [PMID: 32009563 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1723402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Nontoxic and biodegradable chitosan is potentially useful in various applications. We prepared submicron chitosan particles with high dispersibility in aqueous solution utilizing the electrostatic interaction phase separation method described in a previous report, but using citric acid as the polyvalent anionic compound instead of sodium sulfate. The submicron chitosan particles showed significant antibacterial activity and anti-adhesive action against Streptococcus mutans, even at around neutral pH. However, chitosan granules showed no antibacterial activity under the same conditions. The addition of the chitosan particles to dental polishing paste provided stainless steel discs (the same hardness as dental enamel) with a smoother surface than polishing paste without additives. In view of their submicron size and antibacterial activity, chitosan particles could potentially be multifunctional components of oral and dental cleaning materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Saita
- Kumamoto Industrial Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shoji Nagaoka
- Kumamoto Industrial Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Maki Horikawa
- Kumamoto Industrial Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ihara
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chitosan and their derivatives: Antibiofilm drugs against pathogenic bacteria. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 185:110627. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
14
|
Ebrahimi N, Soleimani AA, Rashidiani J, Malekafzali B, Abedini F, Hosseinkhani H. Chitosan/Fluoride Nanoparticles for Preventing Dental Caries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2542579x01666190212150457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
<P>Background: Dental caries is still a major public health problem. The use of fluoride is
one of the most effective ways to prevent tooth decay.
</P><P>
Objective: The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of fluoride entrapped in
chitosan nanoparticles in vivo.
</P><P>
Methods: Sodium fluoride was loaded in chitosan via ionic gelation of tripolyphosphate nanoparticles.
Characterization of nanoparticles was investigated by using the zeta potential, size of particles,
loading capacities, encapsulation efficiency, and Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy. Chitosan/
fluoride nanoparticles were fabricated by a method of fluoride/chitosan cross-linking with
tripolyphosphate.
</P><P>
Results: The size of nanoparticles was 219 nm. According to the zeta potential results, by adding
sodium fluoride to chitosan/tripolyphosphate nanoparticles reducing the number of positive charges
of chitosan, the result was diminished zeta potential from +30.8 mV to +14.9 mV. The optimum
drug loading and percentage of entrapment efficiency were 70% and 30% respectively. Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed linked among tripolyphosphate, chitosan and fluoride
nanoparticles. In vitro characterization of nanoparticles demonstrated higher fluoride uptake ability
and smooth releasing profile.
</P><P>
Conclusion: It is suggested that fluoride/chitosan nanoparticles synthesized in our study may be a
promising means of delivering fluoride for the early prevention of tooth decay.</P>
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niousha Ebrahimi
- School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Soleimani
- School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Rashidiani
- Nanobiotechnology Research Centre, Baqhiatollah University of Medical Science, Molla Sadra, Tehran, 1435916471, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Abedini
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Hesarak, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinkhani
- Innovation Center for Advanced Technology, Matrix, Inc., New York, NY 10029, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yin IX, Yu OY, Zhao IS, Mei ML, Li QL, Tang J, Chu CH. Developing biocompatible silver nanoparticles using epigallocatechin gallate for dental use. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 102:106-112. [PMID: 30999064 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and evaluate its biocompatibility and inhibition effect on Streptococcus mutans biofilm growth. DESIGN AgNPs were synthesized using EGCG as a reducing agent. Cytotoxicity was assessed using half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) against human gingival fibroblast (HGF-1) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). Antibacterial properties were evaluated with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against S. mutans. Dentine blocks were treated with AgNPs, silver nitrate (AgNO3), or water before being incubated with S. mutans. The kinetics, morphology and viability of the biofilm at different time points were assessed by colony-forming units (CFUs), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), respectively. Lactic acid and polysaccharide production of the biofilm were also investigated. RESULTS Spherical AgNPs with diameter 17 ± 7 nm were developed. The IC50 of AgNPs and AgNO3 against HGF-1 were 44.88 ± 11.39 μg/mL and 11.53 ± 6.96 μg/mL, respectively (p < 0.001), whereas those against SHED were 68.02 ± 24.48 μg/mL and 9.54 ± 6.63 μg/mL, respectively (p = 0.02). The MIC of AgNPs and AgNO3 were 32.22 ± 7.34 μg/mL and 48.89 ± 15.11 μg/mL, respectively (p = 0.01), whereas their MBC was 63.33 ± 11.73 μg/mL and 85.00 ± 20.77 μg/mL, respectively (p = 0.02). Log CFUs of the AgNPs group were the lowest among the groups (p < 0.001). SEM and CLSM found a confluent biofilm in AgNO3 and water groups but not in AgNPs group. Biofilms in AgNPs group was revealed with lowest level of acidic acid and polysaccharides production (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study developed biocompatible AgNPs which inhibited the growth of a cariogenic biofilm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Xiaoxue Yin
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ollie Yiru Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Irene Shuping Zhao
- School of Stomatology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - May Lei Mei
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Quan-Li Li
- College of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinyao Tang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kloster AP, Lourenço Neto N, Costa SAD, Oliveira TM, Oliveira RCD, Machado MAAM. In Vitro Antimicrobial Effect of Bioadhesive Oral Membrane with Chlorhexidine Gel. Braz Dent J 2019; 29:354-358. [PMID: 30462761 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201801743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the antimicrobial effect of a bioadhesive chitosan-based oral membrane with chlorhexidine for local treatment of infections in the oral tissues. Five oral membranes of different compositions were tested: 5% chitosan (G1); 5% chitosan ± 0.2% chlorhexidine (G2), 5% chitosan ± 0.6% chlorhexidine (G3), 5% chitosan ± 1.0% chlorhexidine (G4), and 5% chitosan ± 2.0% chlorhexidine (G5). Also, five gel types were tested according to the following compositions: 5% chitosan gel (G6), 0.2% chlorhexidine gel (G7), 2.0% chlorhexidine gel (G8), 5% chitosan gel ± 0.2% chlorhexidine gel (G9), and 5% chitosan gel ± 2.0% chlorhexidine gel (G10). The antimicrobial action of the samples was tested against Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans through antibiogram by measuring the inhibition halos. Data were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test (p<0.05). The 2.0% chlorhexidine membrane (G5) and the disks containing 2.0% chlorhexidine gel (G8) showed the greatest inhibition halos for both microorganisms, with statistically significant difference when compared to others tested groups (p=0.008) only for Candida albicans inhibitions results. All the other formulations of membranes and gels showed inhibition halos, but without statistically significant difference. The bioadhesive chitosan-based oral membrane with 2% chlorhexidine and 2% chlorhexidine gel were the most effective in inhibiting the tested microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annelyze Podolan Kloster
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Community Dentistry, Bauru Dental School, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Natalino Lourenço Neto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Community Dentistry, Bauru Dental School, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Silgia Aparecida da Costa
- Course on Textiles and Fashion, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais Marchini Oliveira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Community Dentistry, Bauru Dental School, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cardoso de Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Discipline of Biochemistry, Bauru Dental School, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Farias JM, Stamford TCM, Resende AHM, Aguiar JS, Rufino RD, Luna JM, Sarubbo LA. Mouthwash containing a biosurfactant and chitosan: An eco-sustainable option for the control of cariogenic microorganisms. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 129:853-860. [PMID: 30776443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the antimicrobial action and toxicity of mouthwashes formulated with a biosurfactant, chitosan of a microbial origin and peppermint (Mentha piperita) essential oil (POE). Chitosan was extracted from the biomass of a fungus from the order Mucorales grown in yam bean broth. Three biosurfactants produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa UCP 0992 (PB), Bacillus cereus UCP 1615 (BB) and Candida bombicola URM 3718 (CB) were tested. Six mouthwashes were prepared, the active ingredients of which were the biosurfactant, chitosan and POE. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for the test substances separately, in combinations and in the mouthwash formulas. The toxicity of the mouthwashes was tested using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-il)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) for the L929 (mouse fibroblast) and RAW 264.7 (mouse macrophage) cell lines. All substances tested had a MIC for cariogenic microorganisms. The combinations of the CB and PB biosurfactants with chitosan demonstrated an additive effect on the majority of microorganisms tested. The toxicity of the mouthwashes was significantly lower than that of the commercial mouthwash. The present findings demonstrate that mouthwashes containing natural products constitute a safe, effective, natural alternative to commercially available mouthwashes for the control of oral microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana M Farias
- Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, Rua do Príncipe, n. 526, Boa Vista, CEP: 50050-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Thayza Christina M Stamford
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Centro de Ciências Medicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, n. 1235, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ana Helena M Resende
- Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, Rua do Príncipe, n. 526, Boa Vista, CEP: 50050-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Instituto Avançado de Tecnologia e Inovação (IATI), Rua Joaquim de Brito, n.216, Boa Vista, CEP: 50070-280 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jaciana S Aguiar
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, n. 1235, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Raquel D Rufino
- Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, Rua do Príncipe, n. 526, Boa Vista, CEP: 50050-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Instituto Avançado de Tecnologia e Inovação (IATI), Rua Joaquim de Brito, n.216, Boa Vista, CEP: 50070-280 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Faculdade de Integração do Sertão (FIS), Rua João Luiz de Melo, 2110, Tancredo Neves, 56.909-205 Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Luna
- Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, Rua do Príncipe, n. 526, Boa Vista, CEP: 50050-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Instituto Avançado de Tecnologia e Inovação (IATI), Rua Joaquim de Brito, n.216, Boa Vista, CEP: 50070-280 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Leonie A Sarubbo
- Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, Rua do Príncipe, n. 526, Boa Vista, CEP: 50050-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Instituto Avançado de Tecnologia e Inovação (IATI), Rua Joaquim de Brito, n.216, Boa Vista, CEP: 50070-280 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Marine Polysaccharides: Biomedical and Tissue Engineering Applications. SPRINGER SERIES IN BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8855-2_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
19
|
Kuang X, Chen V, Xu X. Novel Approaches to the Control of Oral Microbial Biofilms. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6498932. [PMID: 30687755 PMCID: PMC6330817 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6498932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Effective management of biofilm-related oral infectious diseases is a global challenge. Oral biofilm presents increased resistance to antimicrobial agents and elevated virulence compared with planktonic bacteria. Antimicrobial agents, such as chlorhexidine, have proven effective in the disruption/inhibition of oral biofilm. However, the challenge of precisely and continuously eliminating the specific pathogens without disturbing the microbial ecology still exists, which is a major factor in determining the virulence of a multispecies microbial consortium and the consequent development of oral infectious diseases. Therefore, several novel approaches are being developed to inhibit biofilm virulence without necessarily inducing microbial dysbiosis of the oral cavity. Nanoparticles, such as pH-responsive enzyme-mimic nanoparticles, have been developed to specifically target the acidic niches within the oral biofilm where tooth demineralization readily occurs, in effect controlling dental caries. Quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) such as dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM), when incorporated into dental adhesives or resin composite, have also shown excellent and durable antimicrobial activity and thus could effectively inhibit the occurrence of secondary caries. In addition, custom-designed small molecules, natural products and their derivatives, as well as basic amino acids such as arginine, have demonstrated ecological effects by modulating the virulence of the oral biofilm without universally killing the commensal bacteria, indicating a promising approach to the management of oral infectious diseases such as dental caries and periodontal diseases. This article aims to introduce these novel approaches that have shown potential in the control of oral biofilm. These methods may be utilized in the near future to effectively promote the clinical management of oral infectious diseases and thus benefit oral health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | | | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dhillon J, Young SA, Sherman SE, Bell GI, Amsden BG, Hess DA, Flynn LE. Peptide-modified methacrylated glycol chitosan hydrogels as a cell-viability supporting pro-angiogenic cell delivery platform for human adipose-derived stem/stromal cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 107:571-585. [PMID: 30390406 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies involving the injection of adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs) within rationally designed biomaterials are a promising approach for stimulating angiogenesis. With this focus, the current work explored the effects of incorporating integrin-binding RGD or IKVAV peptides within in situ-gelling N-methacrylate glycol chitosan (MGC) hydrogels on the response of encapsulated human ASCs. Initial studies focused on hydrogel characterization to validate that the MGC, MGC-RGD, and MGC-IKVAV hydrogels had similar biomechanical properties. ASC viability following encapsulation and culture under 2% O2 was significantly impaired in the MGC-IKVAV group relative to the MGC and MGC-RGD groups. In contrast, sustained viability, along with enhanced cell spreading and metabolic activity were observed in the MGC-RGD group. Investigation of angiogenic transcription suggested that the incorporation of the peptide groups did not substantially alter the pro-angiogenic gene expression profile of the encapsulated ASCs after 7 days of culture under 2% O2. Consistent with the in vitro findings, preliminary in vivo characterization following subcutaneous implantation into NOD/SCID mice showed that ASC retention was enhanced in the MGC-RGD hydrogels relative to the MGC-IKVAV group at 14 days. Further, the encapsulated ASCs in the MGC and MGC-RGD groups promoted murine CD31+ endothelial cell recruitment to the peri-implant region. Overall, the results indicate that the MGC-RGD and MGC hydrogels are promising platforms for ASC delivery, and suggest that strategies that support long-term ASC viability can augment in vivo angiogenesis through paracrine mechanisms. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 571-585, 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jobanpreet Dhillon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada.,Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Stuart A Young
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.,Human Mobility Research Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Stephen E Sherman
- Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gillian I Bell
- Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian G Amsden
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.,Human Mobility Research Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren E Flynn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Thompson Engineering Building, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cardelle-Cobas A, Reis PJM, Costa E, Tavaria FK, Pintado ME. Chitosan impregnated gutta-percha points: antimicrobial in vitro evaluation and mechanical properties. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2018.1466134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Cardelle-Cobas
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia J. M. Reis
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Costa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Freni K. Tavaria
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela E. Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rahmani F, Moghadamnia AA, Kazemi S, Shirzad A, Motallebnejad M. Effect of 0.5% Chitosan mouthwash on recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a randomized double-blind crossover clinical trial. Electron Physician 2018; 10:6912-6919. [PMID: 30034658 PMCID: PMC6049970 DOI: 10.19082/6912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common painful oral lesions of which there is no certain treatment. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Chitosan mouthwash 0.5% on RAS. Methods This randomized double-blind crossover clinical trial was conducted at a dental school in Babol, Iran, from 2015 to 2016. Twenty patients with a history of minor aphthous stomatitis were entered into this study. All patients were initially monitored in the first episode without treatment, and then were randomly treated in three other episodes with Chitosan, Triamcinolone or Biogel mouthwashes. The ulcer size and pain intensity by using visual analogous score (VAS) were recorded in each episode. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test. We used SPSS version 20 to analyze data. Results The mean ulcer size on the fifth day (p=0.026, p=0.042, respectively) and VAS on the third and fifth days (p=0.011, p=0.013, respectively) were significantly less in Triamcinolone and Chitosan groups than Biogel and the no treatment episode. There were no significant differences between Chitosan and Triamcinolone groups in the average ulcer size and pain intensity in all the examination days. Conclusions Chitosan mouthwash is effective on pain relief and reducing ulcer size of minor aphthous stomatitis and this effect is almost the same as Triamcinolone mouthwash. Clinical trial registration The study was registered and approved by Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (http://www.irct.ir) with IRCT ID: IRCT2015030718753N2. Funding The study was funded by Deputy of Research and Technology of Babol University of Medical Sciences (ref. no.: 9133625).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rahmani
- DDS of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Avicenna Medical Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Moghadamnia
- Ph.D. of Pharmacology& Toxicology, Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sohrab Kazemi
- Ph.D. of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Atena Shirzad
- DDS of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mina Motallebnejad
- DDS of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Morphology, electrokinetic characteristics and the effect on biofilm formation of carrageenan:chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:1118-1124. [PMID: 29857105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carrageenan:chitosan (CG:CH) polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) were obtained and the effect of the initial components ratio on formation was studied by dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electrokinetic measurements. Positively charged PEC particles (average ζ-potential 40.2 mV) were formed, provided that the polycation was present in excess in the complex and was stabilized by chitosan amino groups. According to the AFM data, chitosan was located on the surface of the carrageenan fibers. In PEC where carrageenan prevailed, the number of unbound sulfate groups decreased when the chitosan content increased, this resulted in a decrease in the PEC negative surface charge (from -92.4 to -55.6 mV). In this case, AFM showed that chitosan was incorporated into the network structure of carrageenan and breaks it at a CG:CH ratio of 1:0.5 w/w. Complexes with a high content of kappa-CG inhibited biofilm formation by Gram negative and Gram positive microorganisms.
Collapse
|
24
|
COVARRUBIAS C, TREPIANA D, CORRAL C. Synthesis of hybrid copper-chitosan nanoparticles with antibacterial activity against cariogenic Streptococcus mutans . Dent Mater J 2018; 37:379-384. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2017-195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian COVARRUBIAS
- Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile
| | - Diego TREPIANA
- Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile
| | - Camila CORRAL
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Beltrame A, Suchyta D, Abd Alraheam I, Mohammed A, Schoenfisch M, Walter R, Almeida I, Souza L, Miguez P. Effect of Phosphorylated Chitosan on Dentin Erosion: An in vitro Study. Caries Res 2018; 52:378-386. [DOI: 10.1159/000486521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antierosive effect of phosphorylated chitosan in dentin. Bovine dentin specimens were randomly distributed into the following groups: (1) no treatment (NoTx/negative control), (2) phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS), (3) AmF/NaF/SnCl2 (positive control), (4) 0.5% chitosan solution (Chi), (5) 0.5% neutral phosphorylated (NP)-Chi, and (6) 0.5% alkaline phosphorylated (AP)-Chi. The specimens were submitted to de-remineralization treatment cycles for 5 days: 0.5% citric acid (2 min), remineralizing solution (30 min), and surface treatment according to assigned groups (2 min, 6×/day). The loss of dentin surface was measured by profilometry. Hardness and modulus of elasticity were measured using a nanoindenter equipped with a Berkovich diamond tip. The dentin surface was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The largest loss of dentin was observed in the No Tx and PBS groups (approx. 25 µm). The group treated with AmF/NaF/SnCl2 showed less loss of dentin (67% reduction vs. NoTx and PBS), followed by the groups treated with NP-Chi and AP-Chi (33% reduction), and Chi (18% reduction). Nanohardness and modulus of elasticity were similar in the NoTx and PBS groups, with a small increase in stiffness in all other groups. SEM revealed that the experimental solution of AP-Chi had a favorable effect on maintaining the integrity of collagen fibrils. AmF/NaF/SnCl2 showed a preserved mineralized collagen surface. Further studies are warranted to explore this nontoxic phosphorylated chitosan polymer as an effective agent in the prevention and treatment of dental erosion.
Collapse
|
26
|
Cosmetics and Cosmeceutical Applications of Chitin, Chitosan and Their Derivatives. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10020213. [PMID: 30966249 PMCID: PMC6414895 DOI: 10.3390/polym10020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine resources are well recognized for their biologically active substances with great potential applications in the cosmeceutical industry. Among the different compounds with a marine origin, chitin and its deacetylated derivative—chitosan—are of great interest to the cosmeceutical industry due to their unique biological and technological properties. In this review, we explore the different functional roles of chitosan as a skin care and hair care ingredient, as an oral hygiene agent and as a carrier for active compounds, among others. The importance of the physico-chemical properties of the polymer in its use in cosmetics are particularly highlighted. Moreover, we analyse the market perspectives of this polymer and the presence in the market of chitosan-based products.
Collapse
|
27
|
Packyanathan JS, Rani Juneius CE, Vinoth M. Recent Antibiotics Used in Dental Disease Management. Microb Biotechnol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7140-9_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
28
|
|
29
|
Wassel MO, Khattab MA. Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and inhibition of bacterial induced enamel demineralization of propolis, miswak, and chitosan nanoparticles based dental varnishes. J Adv Res 2017; 8:387-392. [PMID: 28560054 PMCID: PMC5443966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Using natural products can be a cost-effective approach for caries prevention especially in low income countries where dental caries is highly prevalent and the resources are limited. Specially prepared dental varnishes containing propolis, miswak, and chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) with or without sodium fluoride (NaF) were assessed for antibacterial effect against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) using disk diffusion test. In addition, the protective effect of a single pretreatment of primary teeth enamel specimens against in vitro bacterial induced enamel demineralization was assessed for 3 days. All natural products containing varnishes inhibited bacterial growth significantly better than 5% NaF varnish, with NaF loaded CS-NPs (CSF-NPs) showing the highest antibacterial effect, though it didn't significantly differ than those of other varnishes except miswak ethanolic extract (M) varnish. Greater inhibitory effect was noted with varnish containing freeze dried aqueous miswak extract compared to that containing ethanolic miswak extract, possibly due to concentration of antimicrobial substances by freeze drying. Adding natural products to NaF in a dental varnish showed an additive effect especially compared to fluoride containing varnish. 5% NaF varnish showed the best inhibition of demineralization effect. Fluoride containing miswak varnish (MF) and CSF-NPs varnish inhibited demineralization significantly better than all experimental varnishes, especially during the first 2 days, though CSF-NPs varnish had a low fluoride concentration, probably due to better availability of fluoride ions and the smaller size of nanoparticles. Incorporating natural products with fluoride into dental varnishes can be an effective approach for caries prevention, especially miswak and propolis when financial resources are limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariem O. Wassel
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo 1156, Egypt
| | - Mona A. Khattab
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 1156, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
Soares DG, Rosseto HL, Scheffel DS, Basso FG, Huck C, Hebling J, de Souza Costa CA. Odontogenic differentiation potential of human dental pulp cells cultured on a calcium-aluminate enriched chitosan-collagen scaffold. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 21:2827-2839. [PMID: 28281011 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aims to evaluate the odontogenic potential of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) in contact with an experimental porous chitosan-collagen scaffold (CHC) enriched or not with a mineral phase of calcium-aluminate (CHC-CA). MATERIAL AND METHODS To assess the chemotactic effect of the materials, we placed HDPCs seeded on transwell membranes in intimate contact with the CHC or CHC-CA surface, and the cell migration was monitored for 48 h. Additionally, cells were seeded onto the material surface, and the viability and proliferation were evaluated at several time points. To assess the odontoblastic differentiation, we evaluated ALP activity, DSPP/DMP-1 gene expression, and mineralized matrix deposition. HDPCs cultured onto a polystyrene surface (monolayer) were used as negative control group. RESULTS The experimental CHC-CA scaffold induced intense migration of HDPCs through transwell membranes, with cells attaching to and spreading on the material surface after 24-h incubation. Also, the HDPCs seeded onto the CHC-CA scaffold were capable of migrating inside it, remaining viable and featuring a proliferative rate more rapid than that of CHC and control groups at 7 and 14 days of cell culture. At long-term culture, cells in the CHC-CA scaffold featured the highest deposition of mineralized matrix and expression of odontoblastic markers (ALP activity and DSPP/DMP-1 gene expression). CONCLUSIONS According to the results, the CHC-CA scaffold is a bioactive and cytocompatible material capable of increasing the odontogenic potential of human pulp cells. Based on analysis of the positive data obtained in this study, one can suggest that the CHC-CA scaffold is an interesting future candidate for the treatment of exposed pulps. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The experimental scaffold composed by a chitosan-collagen matrix mineralized with calcium aluminate seems to be an interesting candidate for in vivo application as a cell-free approach to dentin tissue engineering, which may open a new perspective for the treatment of exposed pulp tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gabriela Soares
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, University Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Humaitá Street, 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Hebert Luís Rosseto
- Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, São Paulo University - USP, Avenida do Café, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Débora Salles Scheffel
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, University Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Humaitá Street, 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gonçalves Basso
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, University Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Humaitá Street, 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Claudia Huck
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, University Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Humaitá Street, 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Josimeri Hebling
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, University Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Humaitá Street, 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, University Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Humaitá Street, 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Silva MDS, Neto NL, da Costa SA, da Costa SM, Oliveira TM, Oliveira RCD, Machado MAAM. Biophysical and biological characterization of intraoral multilayer membranes as potential carriers: A new drug delivery system for dentistry. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 71:498-503. [PMID: 27987736 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The current study developed through layer-by-layer deposition a multilayer membrane for intraoral drug delivery and analyzed the biochemical, functional, and biological properties of this membrane. For that purpose, we designed a three-layer chlorhexidine-incorporated membrane composed by pure chitosan and alginate. The biochemical, functional, and biological properties were analyzed by the following tests: degradation in saliva medium; controlled drug release; water absorption, mass loss; pH analysis; and biocompatibility through fibroblast cell viability by MTT assay. All tests were conducted at three different periods (24, 48 and 72hours). The results demonstrated that hybrid membranes composed by alginate and chitosan with glycerol had greater water absorption and mass loss in buffer solution and in artificial saliva. The controlled drug release test revealed that the hybrid membrane exhibited greater drug release (0.075%). All chlorhexidine-incorporated membranes reduced the cell viability, and chitosan membranes with and without glycerol did not interfere with fibroblast viability. The biochemical and biophysical characteristics of the designed membranes and the findings of cell viability tests indicate great potential for application in Dentistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Dos Santos Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Community Dentistry, Discipline of Pediatric Dentistry, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalino Lourenço Neto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Community Dentistry, Discipline of Pediatric Dentistry, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silgia Aparecida da Costa
- Course on Textiles and Fashion, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sirlene Maria da Costa
- Course on Textiles and Fashion, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Marchini Oliveira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Community Dentistry, Discipline of Pediatric Dentistry, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cardoso de Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Discipline of Biochemistry, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Maria Aparecida Andrade Moreira Machado
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Community Dentistry, Discipline of Pediatric Dentistry, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Croce M, Conti S, Maake C, Patzke GR. Synthesis and screening of N-acyl thiolated chitosans for antibacterial applications. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 151:1184-1192. [PMID: 27474669 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Low-molecular weight chitosan-thioglycolic acid has shown significant antibacterial properties against different microorganisms. In order to explore the potential and structure-activity relationships of newly synthesized alkyl thiomers, chitosan has been functionalized with a series of thio-acids with increasing alkyl chain length. All thiomers were characterized with special emphasis on the determination of their degree of deacetylation and substitution, as well as on their molecular weight and amount of thiol groups. The pre-screened chitosan-thiomers were further investigated with plate counting on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus sobrinus and Streptococcus mutans. Furthermore, LIVE/DEAD assays supported the efficiency of chitosan-thiomers against the above microorganisms. All fully characterized chitosan-thiomers showed comparable or enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to pristine chitosan. Our comprehensive approach paves the way to detailed explorations of much sought-after structure activity relationships in the complex chitosan parameter room, starting from correlations between alkyl chain length and antimicrobial activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Croce
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simona Conti
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Maake
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Greta R Patzke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sadeghi Ardestani Z, Falahati M, Sayah Alborzi S, Ashrafi Khozani M, Rostam Khani F, Bahador A. The effect of nanochitosans particles on Candida biofilm formation. Curr Med Mycol 2016; 2:28-33. [PMID: 28681017 PMCID: PMC5490302 DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.cmm.2.2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: In people wearing dentures, the growth of various Candida species under the prosthesis leads to the formation of biofilm, which can play the role of a reservoir for Candida and other kinds of microbes. Since nano-chitosan particles can cause lasting antimicrobial activity, a more recent approach that utilizes acrylic resins with nano-chitosan particles is proposed. Therefore, we aimed to study the inhibitory effect of nano-chitosan particles on the biofilm formation of Candida species in acrylic resins. Materials and Methods: In this analytical in-vitro study, acrylic resins with nano-chitosan particles with concentrations of 0, 1%, 5%, and %10 were put adjacent to the suspension of Candida cells isolated from the individuals’ mouth and biofilm formation on resins was measured and compared. Finally, the data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-square tests. Results: The observed differences between unmodified acrylic resin (control) and acrylic resin with nano-chitosan particles in terms of biofilm formation were significant (P<0.05) but no significant difference was found in the formation of biofilm species on resins. Conclusion: Biofilm formation of Candida species depends on acrylic resin type, in a way that by adding nano-chitosan particles to acrylic resins, biofilm formation of Candida species was significantly reduced. To decrease the organization of biofilm and denture stomatitis, the use of acrylics with nano-chitosan particles in producing dentures is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Sadeghi Ardestani
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Falahati
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Sayah Alborzi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Ashrafi Khozani
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Rostam Khani
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Bahador
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kaushik M, Reddy P, Sharma R, Udameshi P, Mehra N, Marwaha A. The Effect of Coconut Oil pulling on Streptococcus mutans Count in Saliva in Comparison with Chlorhexidine Mouthwash. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016; 17:38-41. [PMID: 27084861 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oil pulling is an age-old practice that has gained modern popularity in promoting oral and systemic health. The scientific verification for this practice is insufficient. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of coconut oil pulling on the count of Streptococcus mutans in saliva and to compare its efficacy with that of Chlorhexidine mouthwash: in vivo. The null hypothesis was that coconut oil pulling has no effect on the bacterial count in saliva. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomized controlled study was planned and 60 subjects were selected. The subjects were divided into three groups, Group A: STUDY GROUP Oil pulling, Group B: STUDY GROUP Chlorhexidine, and Group C: CONTROL GROUP Distilled water. Group A subjects rinsed mouth with 10 ml of coconut oil for 10 minutes. Group B subjects rinsed mouth with 5 ml Chlorhexidine mouthwash for 1 minute and Group C with 5 ml distilled water for 1 minute in the morning before brushing. Saliva samples were collected and cultured on 1st day and after 2 weeks from all subjects. Colonies were counted to compare the efficacy of coconut oil and Chlorhexidine with distilled water. RESULTS Statistically significant reduction in S. mutans count was seen in both the coconut oil pulling and Chlorhexidine group. CONCLUSION Oil pulling can be explored as a safe and effective alternative to Chlorhexidine. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Edible oil-pulling therapy is natural, safe and has no side effects. Hence, it can be considered as a preventive therapy at home to maintain oral hygiene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Kaushik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana India
| | - Pallavi Reddy
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana India
| | - Roshni Sharma
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana India
| | - Pooja Udameshi
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, CRPF Road, Chennapur Jai Jawahar Nagar Post, Secunderabad, Telangana 500087 India Phone: 9849640755; e-mail:
| | - Neha Mehra
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana India
| | - Aditya Marwaha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sintim HO, Gürsoy UK. Biofilms as "Connectors" for Oral and Systems Medicine: A New Opportunity for Biomarkers, Molecular Targets, and Bacterial Eradication. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2015; 20:3-11. [PMID: 26583256 PMCID: PMC4739346 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2015.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oral health and systems medicine are intimately related but have remained, sadly, as isolated knowledge communities for decades. Are there veritable connector knowledge domains that can usefully link them together on the critical path to biomarker research and “one health”? In this context, it is noteworthy that bacteria form surface-attached communities on most biological surfaces, including the oral cavity. Biofilm-forming bacteria contribute to periodontal diseases and recent evidences point to roles of these bacteria in systemic diseases as well, with cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and cancer as notable examples. Interestingly, the combined mass of microorganisms such as bacteria are so large that when we combine all plants and animals on earth, the total biomass of bacteria is still bigger. They literally do colonize everywhere, not only soil and water but our skin, digestive tract, and even oral cavity are colonized by bacteria. Hence efforts to delineate biofilm formation mechanisms of oral bacteria and microorganisms and the development of small molecules to inhibit biofilm formation in the oral cavity is very timely for both diagnostics and therapeutics. Research on biofilms can benefit both oral and systems medicine. Here, we examine, review, and synthesize new knowledge on the current understanding of oral biofilm formation, the small molecule targets that can inhibit biofilm formation in the mouth. We suggest new directions for both oral and systems medicine, using various omics technologies such as SILAC and RNAseq, that could yield deeper insights, biomarkers, and molecular targets to design small molecules that selectively aim at eradication of pathogenic oral bacteria. Ultimately, devising new ways to control and eradicate bacteria in biofilms will open up novel diagnostic and therapeutic avenues for oral and systemic diseases alike.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Herman O Sintim
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland.,2 Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy
- 3 Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku , Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Franca JR, De Luca MP, Ribeiro TG, Castilho RO, Moreira AN, Santos VR, Faraco AAG. Propolis--based chitosan varnish: drug delivery, controlled release and antimicrobial activity against oral pathogen bacteria. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:478. [PMID: 25495921 PMCID: PMC4295328 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Dental caries is the most prevalent oral disease in several Asian and Latin American countries. It is an infectious disease and different types of bacteria are involved in the process. Synthetic antimicrobials are used against this disease; however, many of these substances cause unwarranted undesirable effects like vomiting, diarrhea and tooth staining. Propolis, a resinous substance collected by honeybees, has been used to control the oral microbiota. So, the objective of this study was to develop and characterize sustained-release propolis-based chitosan varnish useful on dental cariogenic biofilm prevention, besides the in vitro antimicrobial activity. Methods Three formulations of propolis - based chitosan varnish (PCV) containing different concentrations (5%, 10% and 15%) were produced by dissolution of propolis with chitosan on hydro-alcoholic vehicle. Bovine teeth were used for testing adhesion of coatings and to observe the controlled release of propolis associated with varnish. It was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, casting time, diffusion test in vitro antimicrobial activity and controlled release. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were tested for the main microorganisms involved in the cariogenic biofilm through the microdilution test in 96-well plates. Results The formulations presented a tooth surface adherence and were able to form films very fast on bovine tooth surface. Also, propolis-based chitosan varnishes have shown antimicrobial activity similar to or better than chlorhexidine varnish against all oral pathogen bacteria. All microorganisms were sensitive to propolis varnish and chitosan. MIC and MBC for microorganisms of cariogenic biofilme showed better results than chlorhexidine. Propolis active components were released for more than one week. Conclusion All developed formulations turn them, 5%, 10% and 15% propolis content varnish, into products suitable for clinical application on dental caries prevention field, deserving clinical studies to confirm its in vivo activity.
Collapse
|
38
|
Costa E, Silva S, Costa M, Pereira M, Campos D, Odila J, Madureira A, Cardelle-Cobas A, Tavaria F, Rodrigues A, Pintado M. Chitosan mouthwash: Toxicity and in vivo validation. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 111:385-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
39
|
Lai WF, Oka K, Jung HS. Advanced functional polymers for regenerative and therapeutic dentistry. Oral Dis 2014; 21:550-7. [PMID: 25098817 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Use of ceramics and polymers continues to dominate clinical procedures in modern dentistry. Polymers have provided the basis for adhesives, tissue void fillers, and artificial replacements for whole teeth. They have been remarkably effective in the clinic at restoration of major dental functions after damage or loss of teeth. With the rapid development of polymer science, dental materials science has significantly lagged behind in harnessing these advanced polymer products. What they offer is new and unique properties superior to traditional polymers and crucially a range of properties that more closely match natural biomaterials. Therefore, we should pursue more vigorously the benefits of advanced polymers in dentistry. In this review, we highlight how the latest generation of advanced polymers will enhance the application of materials in the dental clinic using numerous promising examples. Polymers have a broad range of applications in modern dentistry. Some major applications are to construct frameworks that mimic the precise structure of tissues, to restore tooth organ function, and to deliver bioactive agents to influence cell behavior from the inside. The future of polymers in dentistry must include all these new enhancements to increase biological and clinical effectiveness beyond what can be achieved with traditional biomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W-F Lai
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS Project, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - K Oka
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - H-S Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS Project, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.,Oral Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Targino AGR, Flores MAP, dos Santos Junior VE, de Godoy Bené Bezerra F, de Luna Freire H, Galembeck A, Rosenblatt A. An innovative approach to treating dental decay in children. A new anti-caries agent. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:2041-2047. [PMID: 24818873 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-014-5221-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to evaluate the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of a formulation containing silver nanoparticles and chitosan, provisionally called nano silver fluoride (NSF), against Streptococcus mutans in comparison to chlorhexidine and silver diamine fluoride (SDF). The product was characterised by transmission electron microscopy and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) was evaluated by the spectrophotometric microdilution method and turbidity. The minimum bactericide concentration (MBC) was evaluated in brain heart infusion plates, and cytotoxicity was evaluated by haemolytic activity. The MIC and MBC for NSF were, respectively, 33.54 ± 14.52 and 50.32 µg/mL; for SDF were 33.33 ± 14.43 and 50.0 µg/mL, respectively; and for CHX were 3.3 ± 0.5 and 6 µg/mL, respectively. An ANOVA for MIC gave P = 0.032, and for MBC P = 0.035. The cytotoxic effect of NSF compared to SDF demonstrated a statistically significant difference in the MIC value (t test P < 0.05). The NSF formulation may be effective against S. mutans with much lower doses, may have lower toxicity than SDF, and may not stain teeth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Gadelha Ribeiro Targino
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Pernambuco, Av: Gal. Newton Cavalcanti nº 1650, Camaragibe, PE, CEP 54 753-020, Brazil,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ordikhani F, Tamjid E, Simchi A. Characterization and antibacterial performance of electrodeposited chitosan-vancomycin composite coatings for prevention of implant-associated infections. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 41:240-8. [PMID: 24907757 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Orthopaedic implant-associated infections are one of the most serious complications in orthopaedic surgery and a major cause of implant failure. In the present work, drug-eluting coatings based on chitosan containing various amounts of vancomycin were prepared by a cathodic electrophoretic deposition process on titanium foils. A three-step release mechanism of the antibiotic from the films in a phosphate-buffered saline solution was noticed. At the early stage, physical encapsulation of the drug in the hydrogel network controlled the release rate. At the late stage, however, in vitro degradation/deattachment of chitosan was responsible for the controlled release. Cytotoxicity evaluation of the drug-eluting coatings via culturing in human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line) showed no adverse effect on the biocompatibility. Antibacterial tests against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus also demonstrated that the infection risk of titanium foils was significantly reduced due to the antibiotic release. Additionally, in vitro electrochemical corrosion studies by polarization technique revealed that the corrosion current density was significantly lower for the titanium foils with drug-eluting coatings compared to that of uncoated titanium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Ordikhani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, P.O. Box 11365-9466, Tehran, Iran
| | - E Tamjid
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, P.O. Box 11365-9466, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Simchi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, P.O. Box 11365-9466, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, P.O. Box 11365-9466, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Costa EM, Silva S, Madureira AR, Cardelle-Cobas A, Tavaria FK, Pintado MM. A comprehensive study into the impact of a chitosan mouthwash upon oral microorganism's biofilm formation in vitro. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 101:1081-6. [PMID: 24299877 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Modern dentistry emphasizes the importance of dental plaque control to improve oral health. To that end the development of oral care formulations has been geared toward the incorporation of antiplaque agents that may play a crucial role in oral health maintenance. In later years the research into antiplaque agents has led to the discovery of compounds with significant capability to affect biofilm formation. Among these compounds was chitosan, a polysaccharide which showed great ability to interfere with Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation. As such the aim of this work was to incorporate chitosan into a mouthwash matrix and assess its effect upon biofilm formation of oral microorganisms. This assessment was performed via study of the impact the mouthwash upon microbial adherence, biofilm formation and mature biofilms. Additionally, the action of the chitosan mouthwash was compared with two commercially available mouthwashes. The results here obtained show that only the chitosan containing mouthwash was capable of interfering with all microorganisms' adherence, biofilm formation and mature biofilms while at the same time showing vastly superior activity than both commercial mouthwashes assayed. As such a chitosan mouthwash shows great potential as a natural and efficient alternative to traditional mouthwashes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E M Costa
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Anti-biofilm activity of low-molecular weight chitosan hydrogel against Candida species. Med Microbiol Immunol 2013; 203:25-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00430-013-0311-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
44
|
Pandit V, Zuidema JM, Venuto KN, Macione J, Dai G, Gilbert RJ, Kotha SP. Evaluation of multifunctional polysaccharide hydrogels with varying stiffness for bone tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:2452-63. [PMID: 23724786 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of hydrogels for bone regeneration has been limited due to their inherent low modulus to support cell adhesion and proliferation as well as their susceptibility to bacterial infections at the wound site. To overcome these limitations, we evaluated multifunctional polysaccharide hydrogels of varying stiffness to obtain the optimum stiffness at which the gels (1) induce proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts, human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs), and murine preosteoblasts (MC3T3-E1), (2) induce osteoblast differentiation and mineralization, and (3) exhibit an antibacterial activity. Rheological studies demonstrated that the stiffness of hydrogels made of a polysaccharide blend of methylcellulose, chitosan, and agarose was increased by crosslinking the chitosan component to different extents with increasing amounts of genipin. The gelation time decreased (from 210 to 60 min) with increasing genipin concentrations. Proliferation of HUVECs decreased by 10.7 times with increasing gel stiffness, in contrast to fibroblasts and osteoblasts, where it increased with gel stiffness by 6.37 and 7.8 times, respectively. At day 14 up to day 24, osteoblast expression of differentiation markers-osteocalcin, osteopontin-and early mineralization marker-alkaline phosphatase, were significantly enhanced in the 0.5% (w/v) crosslinked gel, which also demonstrated enhanced mineralization by day 25. The antibacterial efficacy of the hydrogels decreased with the increasing degree of crosslinking as demonstrated by biofilm formation experiments, but gels crosslinked with 0.5% (w/v) genipin still demonstrated significant bacterial inhibition. Based on these results, gels crosslinked with 0.5% (w/v) genipin, where 33% of available groups on chitosan were crosslinked, exhibited a stiffness of 502±64.5 Pa and demonstrated the optimal characteristics to support bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Pandit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Costa E, Silva S, Madureira A, Cardelle-Cobas A, Tavaria F, Pintado M. A novel direct contact method for the assessment of the antimicrobial activity of dental cements. J Microbiol Methods 2013; 93:168-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
46
|
Chen CY, Chung YC. Antibacterial effect of water-soluble chitosan on representative dental pathogens Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli brevis. J Appl Oral Sci 2013; 20:620-7. [PMID: 23329243 PMCID: PMC3881855 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572012000600006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is still a major oral health problem in most industrialized countries.
The development of dental caries primarily involves Lactobacilli
spp. and Streptococcus mutans. Although antibacterial
ingredients are used against oral bacteria to reduce dental caries, some reports that
show partial antibacterial ingredients could result in side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yu Chen
- Department of Tourism and Leisure, Hsing Wu University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Costa EM, Silva S, Tavaria FK, Pintado MM. Study of the effects of chitosan upon Streptococcus mutans adherence and biofilm formation. Anaerobe 2013; 20:27-31. [PMID: 23454497 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of this work was to access the potential use of high and low molecular weight chitosans as potential oral antimicrobials, particularly as antibiofilm agents. Chitosan's interference with Streptococcus mutans capability to adhere and form biofilms was assessed. Additionally the effect upon mature and polymicrobial biofilms was also evaluated. The results obtained showed that chitosan was capable of interfering with S. mutans adhesion and primary biofilm formation. This action was observed up to a week with little to none decrease in efficiency. In addition chitosan was capable of inhibiting biofilms formed by two microorganisms and was capable of acting upon mature biofilms leading to significant reductions (94%) in biofilm survival. However clear statistical differences (p < 0.05) were registered in all assays with, in most assays, HMw chitosan presenting higher efficiency than LMw chitosan. Considering this results chitosan's potential as a valid alternative to traditional antimicrobials in oral health it's evident.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E M Costa
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kim JS, Shin DH. Inhibitory effect on Streptococcus mutans and mechanical properties of the chitosan containing composite resin. Restor Dent Endod 2013; 38:36-42. [PMID: 23493656 PMCID: PMC3591584 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2013.38.1.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study evaluated the antibacterial effect and mechanical properties of composite resins (LCR, MCR, HCR) incorporating chitosan with three different molecular weights (L, Low; M, Medium; H, High). Materials and Methods Streptococcus (S). mutans 100 mL and each chitosan powder were inoculated in sterilized 10 mL Brain-Heart Infusion (BHI) solution, and was centrifuged for 12 hr. Absorbance of the supernatent was measured at OD660 to estimate the antibacterial activities of chitosan. After S. mutans was inoculated in the disc shaped chitosan-containing composite resins, the disc was cleansed with BHI and diluted with serial dilution method. S. mutans was spread on Mitis-salivarius bacitracin agar. After then, colony forming unit (CFU) was measured to verify the inhibitory effect on S. mutans biofilm. To ascertain the effect on the mechanical properties of composite resin, 3-point bending and Vickers hardness tests were done after 1 and 3 wk water storage, respectively. Using 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Scheffe test, statistical analysis was done with 95% significance level. Results All chitosan powder showed inhibition effect against S. mutans. CFU number in chitosan-containing composite resins was smaller than that of control resin without chitosan. The chitosan containing composite resins did not show any significant difference in flexural strength and Vickers hardness in comparison with the control resin. However, the composite resin, MCR showed a slightly decreased flexural strength and the maximum load than those of control and the other composite resins HCR and LCR. Conclusions LCR and HCR would be recommended as a feasible antibacterial restorative due to its antibacterial nature and mechanical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dankook University College of Dentistry and Institute of Dental Science, Cheonan, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sukarto A, Yu C, Flynn LE, Amsden BG. Co-delivery of adipose-derived stem cells and growth factor-loaded microspheres in RGD-grafted N-methacrylate glycol chitosan gels for focal chondral repair. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:2490-502. [PMID: 22746668 DOI: 10.1021/bm300733n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The coencapsulation of growth factor-loaded microspheres with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) within a hydrogel matrix was studied as a potential means to enhance ASC chondrogenesis in the development of a cell-based therapeutic strategy for the regeneration of partial thickness chondral defects. A photopolymerizable N-methacrylate glycol chitosan (MGC) was employed to form an in situ gel used to encapsulate microspheres loaded with bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP-6) and transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3) with human ASCs. ASC viability and retention were enhanced when the Young's modulus of the MGC ranged between 225 and 380 kPa. Grafting an RGD-containing peptide onto the MGC backbone (RGD-MGC) improved ASC viability within the gels, remaining at greater than 90% over 14 days in culture. The effects of BMP-6 and TGF-β3 released from the polymer microspheres on ASC chondrogenesis were assessed, and the level of differentiation was compared to ASCs in control gels containing nongrowth factor-loaded microspheres cultured with and without the growth factors supplied in the medium. There was enhanced expression of chondrogenic markers at earlier time points when the ASCs were induced with the sustained and local release of BMP-6 and TGF-β3 from the microspheres. More specifically, the normalized glycosaminoglycan and collagen type II protein expression levels were significantly higher than in the controls. In addition, the ratio of collagen type II to type I was significantly higher in the microsphere delivery group and increased over time. End-point RT-PCR analysis supported that there was a more rapid induction and enhancement of ASC chondrogenesis in the controlled release group. Interestingly, in all of the assays, there was evidence of chondrogenic differentiation when the ASCs were cultured in the gels in the absence of growth factor stimulation. Overall, the co-delivery of growth-factor-loaded microspheres and ASCs in RGD-modified MGC gels successfully induced ASC chondrogenesis and is a promising strategy for cartilage repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abby Sukarto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Giner MJ, Vegara S, Funes L, Martí N, Saura D, Micol V, Valero M. Antimicrobial activity of food-compatible plant extracts and chitosan against naturally occurring micro-organisms in tomato juice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:1917-1923. [PMID: 22246685 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitosan (AC) and five hydroalcoholic extracts from Lithospermum erythrorhizon (SE), Rheum palmatum (RE), Thymus vulgaris (AT), Lippia citriodora (PLX) and a mixture of Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia lavandulifolia and Thymus mastichina (LA) were tested for antimicrobial activity against bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi using two broth dilution methods. The effects of adding single extracts on naturally occurring micro-organisms and sensory qualities of raw tomato juice were also evaluated. RESULTS SE extract exhibited the strongest activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 100-400 µg mL⁻¹ for Gram-positive and 1600-3200 µg mL⁻¹ for Gram-negative bacteria. Enterobacter aerogenes showed the greatest susceptibility to AC (MIC 1600 µg mL⁻¹). Lethal effects of extracts and AC were achieved at a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)/MIC ratio of 2 in 88% of assays. SE and RE extracts and AC also exhibited antifungal effect against yeasts, but they had no activity on filamentous fungi. Control and 100 mg L⁻¹ SE-added tomato juices did not differ in acceptance, but this SE concentration was not effective in the control of microbial load throughout cold storage. CONCLUSION Results confirm the antimicrobial potential of the plant extracts, but additional research is needed until the agents responsible for the activities have been determined in order to use them as natural constituents of multiple-barrier food preservation systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel J Giner
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal y Microbiología, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela-EPSO, Universidad Miguel Hernández-UMH, Campus de Orihuela, E-03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|