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Botero-Carvajal A, Jiménez Urrego ÁM, Gutierrez-Posso AG, Calero-Flórez M, Hernandez-Carrillo M. Factors associated with family function in school children: Case-control study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14595. [PMID: 36967877 PMCID: PMC10031484 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Family functionality is that which promotes the integral development of its members, as well as a favorable state of health in them; fulfilling the basic parameters of adaptation, participation, growth, affection, and resources. Family dysfunction is understood as the failure to comply with any of these functions due to an alteration in one or more of the subsystems. Objective There is little research on variables related to family functioning with a case-control design, for this reason, we present the family functioning of school students, identify variables found to be related to family functioning, and describe a model of variables related to family dysfunction. Materials and methods Analytical study of cases and controls. The sample was made up of 290 students. The APGAR scale was used to identify family dysfunction. The statistical processing was done in Epi-Info 7.0 and STATA 14. The variables that were considered were Municipality, area, age, sex, school grade, mother's age, disability, and displacement. Results The factors associated with adequate family function were: displacement, (OR = 0.17, CI: 0.03-0.99). You are followed, your parents pay attention and listen to you (OR = 0.25, CI: 0.08-0.74), you talk to your mother every day (OR = 0.35 CI: 0.16-0.74), you spend free time with your parents (OR = 0.41, CI: 0.20-0.86), play sports at least once a week (OR = 0.42, CI = 0.20-0.91), and finally, attend religious services (OR = 0.51, CI: 0.29-0.90). While the factors associated with family dysfunction were: your parents punish you by forbidding you things (OR = 2.98, CI: 1.32-6.71) and you have friends close to where you live followed by an (OR = 2.60, CI: 1.13-5.96). Conclusions Dysfunctionality was evident in the four municipalities of the Valley. Among the main factors associated with dysfunctionality was punishment by parents for forbidding things and having friends near the schoolchild's home.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana G. Gutierrez-Posso
- Master in Mental Health of Children and Adolescents, Professor at the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali, Colombia
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Gomes NMDO, Caldas ED. Street and drug use experiences among sheltered children and adolescents in the Federal District of Brazil. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2022; 36:105-113. [PMID: 36453194 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM The use of drugs by street children and adolescents is a problem found in most large cities around the world. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of street children and adolescents living in shelters in the Federal District, Brazil. An objective questionnaire was applied to 84 individuals from September 2016 to October 2017; 14 of them participated in the qualitative study. FINDINGS Most participants were adolescents (84.5%) and males (64.3%), with a history of abandonment, domestic violence, and family drug abuse. All spent some time on the street; boys had a higher chance of being behind the school level and using drugs than girls. Over 60% had used drugs in the previous year, mainly alcohol and marijuana. Over 70% understand the health consequences of this behavior, but most have never tried or failed to stop. About 40% consider themselves dependent on drugs. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that street-life experience, peer pressure, and exposure to drugs within the family had an important impact on respondent's drug use behavior, reinforcing the importance of education programs that focus on the family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eloisa Dutra Caldas
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Brasilia Brasilia Federal District Brazil
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Jones HE, Momand AS, Morales B, Browne T, Poliansky N, Ruiz D, Aranguren M, Sanchez S, Fratto V, O'Grady KE. The CHILD Intervention for Living Drug-free Comprehensive Assessment of Risk, Resilience, and Experience (CHILD CARRE) Measure: Initial Findings. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2019; 28:411-425. [PMID: 33603319 DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2020.1766621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper summarizes the development and evaluation of an assessment instrument for children ages 7-12. The CHILD CARRE measure is a semi-structured interview with 7 domains. Children from the USA and Argentina (N=134) completed baseline and follow-up assessments. Substance use occurred at an average age of 8. Almost 33% of the children were taking medications for medical issues, more than 50% of them said that medical problem gets in the way of doing things they like to to do and almost 64% of the children stated that they would like to feel better. On average, children completed third grade in school, 56% of them knew how to read and 26% of the children started making money at age 8. Most children (74%) saw someone drunk or high and 23% of children reported alcohol or psychoactive substance use. Among these children using substances, such substance use occurred at an average age of 8, and in the past 30 days they used these substances an average for 5 days. The rating of level of risk on the part of the interviewer placed these children in the "risky" to "very risky" categories. Most children reported seeing their family members smoking (83%) or using alcohol (67%), and 49% reported seeing their family members high on drugs. Few children (10%) had conflicts with the law, while 46% of their family members had legal problems. Some children (30%) reported having serious problems getting along with family members, neighbors, or friends. These results suggest that this measure can serve as the first comprehensive measure to assess multiple life domains for young children at risk for or using psychoactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrée E Jones
- UNC Horizons, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carrboro, NC USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, MD USA
| | - Abdul Ssubor Momand
- UNC Horizons, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carrboro, NC USA
| | - Brian Morales
- Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL), U.S. Department of State, Washington, DC USA
| | - Thom Browne
- Colombo Plan Secretariat, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kevin E O'Grady
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD USA
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Attia MS, Tayel KY, Shata ZN, Othman SS. Psychosocial profile of institutionalised street children in Alexandria, Egypt: a comparative study with school children. J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2017; 29:103-116. [PMID: 28974166 DOI: 10.2989/17280583.2017.1339606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The phenomenon of street children in Egypt constitutes a public health concern. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of institutionalised street children in Alexandria, to compare the prevalence of substance abuse and conduct disorder between street children and school children, and to identify predictors of these mental health outcomes among street children. METHODS Institutionalised street children (n = 102) participated in a cross-sectional comparative study with a matched group of school children (n = 156). An interviewing questionnaire was used to assess demographic characteristics and substance use. Conduct disorder was measured using the Revised Ontario Child Health study scale. RESULTS Poverty, family breakdown, and domestic violence were the main reasons for street children having left home. Street children recorded significantly higher rates of substance use (9.8%) and conduct disorder (35.3%) compared to school children. In street children, smoking was a significant predictor of substance use and conduct disorder. Other predictors of conduct disorder included physical illness and having 5 to 7 siblings. CONCLUSION Substance abuse and conduct disorder were present among institutionalised street children at higher rates than school children. Absence of basic life needs and disrupted families constituted the main reasons for leaving home. Interventions at the governmental and non-governmental levels are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medhat S Attia
- a Mental Health, Family Health Department, High Institute of Public Health , Alexandria University , Alexandria , Egypt
| | - Kholoud Y Tayel
- b Adolescent and School Health, Family Health Department, High Institute of Public Health , Alexandria University , Alexandria , Egypt
| | - Zeinab N Shata
- a Mental Health, Family Health Department, High Institute of Public Health , Alexandria University , Alexandria , Egypt
| | - Sally S Othman
- a Mental Health, Family Health Department, High Institute of Public Health , Alexandria University , Alexandria , Egypt
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Gouveia L, Massanganhe H, Mandlate F, Mabunda D, Fumo W, Mocumbi AO, de Jesus Mari J. Family reintegration of homeless in Maputo and Matola: a descriptive study. Int J Ment Health Syst 2017; 11:25. [PMID: 28413439 PMCID: PMC5387388 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-017-0133-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homelessness is a global and local social problem with underestimated prevalence. It has been shown to increase the risk of mental illness, raising concerns from mental health providers about the need for effective interventions targeting this population. OBJECTIVES The aim of this paper is to describe the mental health status of the homeless people in two urban setting in a low-income country, through using standardised clinical and socio-demographic assessments as well assessing potential predictors of family integration versus non-family integration among a group of homeless individuals receiving psychiatric and psychosocial treatment. METHODS A descriptive study was performed in Maputo and Matola cities between 2008 and 2010. Homeless people with apparent mental illness were mapped and recruited. The participants were referred from community to hospital, using a multidisciplinary treatment model, according to their clinical condition and later entered a family reintegration process. RESULTS Seventy-one homeless people were recruited (93.0% male; 80.3% unemployed). The most common diagnosis was schizophrenia and other psychosis (46; 64.8%), followed by mental and behaviour disorder related to substance misuse (21; 29.6%), and intellectual disability (4; 5.6%). Family reintegration was achieved for 53.5% (38 patients). Patients with intellectual disability were less reintegrated and those with disorders related to substance use had better reinsertion in their families (Chi square (2) = 6.1; p = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS Family reintegration was achieved in more than half of participants after hospitalization. Integration was higher in cases of substance misuse, with those with associated intellectual disability being more difficult to reintegrate. Trial registration Trial Registration Number: NCT02936141, date of registration: 14/10/2016, retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lídia Gouveia
- Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Health-Mozambique, Av. Eduardo Mondlane/Av. Salvador Allende, P.O.Box 1613, Maputo, Mozambique
- Faculty of Medicine, University Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Honório Massanganhe
- Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Health-Mozambique, Av. Eduardo Mondlane/Av. Salvador Allende, P.O.Box 1613, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Flávio Mandlate
- Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Health-Mozambique, Av. Eduardo Mondlane/Av. Salvador Allende, P.O.Box 1613, Maputo, Mozambique
- Faculty of Medicine, University Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Dirceu Mabunda
- Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Health-Mozambique, Av. Eduardo Mondlane/Av. Salvador Allende, P.O.Box 1613, Maputo, Mozambique
- Faculty of Medicine, University Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Wilza Fumo
- Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Health-Mozambique, Av. Eduardo Mondlane/Av. Salvador Allende, P.O.Box 1613, Maputo, Mozambique
- Faculty of Medicine, University Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Ana Olga Mocumbi
- Faculty of Medicine, University Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
- National Health Institute, Ministry of Health-Mozambique, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Jair de Jesus Mari
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Hoffmann EV, Duarte CS, Fossaluza V, Milani ACC, Maciel MR, Mello MF, Mello AF. Mental health of children who work on the streets in Brazil after enrollment in a psychosocial program. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2017; 52:55-63. [PMID: 27866219 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-016-1316-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the mental health status of children working on the streets in Sao Paulo City, Brazil, two years after their participation in a psychosocial program, and to identify factors associated with their mental health status. METHODS From a total sample of 126 children working on the streets, 107 (85%) were re-evaluated two years after the initiation of a psychosocial program which aimed to cease their work on the streets. The focus was the presence of mental health problems, defined based on a screening instrument (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire). Logistic regression models tested factors related to the probability that a child would not present mental health problems at follow-up. RESULTS The likelihood of a child presenting mental health problems was higher at baseline compared to the two-year follow-up (67.5 and 56.1%, respectively). Absence of mental health problems two years after a psychosocial intervention was significantly correlated with the following baseline factors: lower level of caregiver's psychiatric symptoms as measured by the SRQ (Self-Report Questionnaire) (AOR = 0.84, p = 0.0065), absence of child physical neglect (AOR = 0.38, p = 0.0705) and parental Protestant religion affiliation, compared to other religions (AOR = 4.06; p = 0.0107). CONCLUSIONS Different factors are related to the absence of mental health problems of children working on the streets after enrollment in a two-year psychosocial program. Our findings suggest that interventions that aim to improve child mental health should consider the detection of psychiatric symptoms in caregivers, provide treatment when it is needed, and also assess other problems such as neglect in the family setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elis Viviane Hoffmann
- Programa de Atendimento e Pesquisa em Violência (PROVE), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua: Borges Lagoa, 570-10° andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Cep: 04038-000, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane S Duarte
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University-NYSPI, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victor Fossaluza
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina C Milani
- Programa de Atendimento e Pesquisa em Violência (PROVE), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua: Borges Lagoa, 570-10° andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Cep: 04038-000, Brazil
| | - Mariana R Maciel
- Programa de Atendimento e Pesquisa em Violência (PROVE), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua: Borges Lagoa, 570-10° andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Cep: 04038-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo F Mello
- Programa de Atendimento e Pesquisa em Violência (PROVE), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua: Borges Lagoa, 570-10° andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Cep: 04038-000, Brazil
| | - Andrea F Mello
- Programa de Atendimento e Pesquisa em Violência (PROVE), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua: Borges Lagoa, 570-10° andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Cep: 04038-000, Brazil
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Sturrock S, Hodes M. Child labour in low- and middle-income countries and its consequences for mental health: a systematic literature review of epidemiologic studies. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2016; 25:1273-1286. [PMID: 27217156 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-016-0864-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In low- and middle-income countries, large numbers of children are involved in work. Whilst studies have shown that child labour may be harmful to children's physical health, little is known about child labour's effects on mental health. It is important to understand the relationship between work and mental health problems during childhood, and identify possible risk factors for poorer mental health. A systematic literature review was conducted. Published papers in any language that compared the mental health of children (<18 years) who had been exposed to work with those who had not been exposed to work were included. Twelve published observational studies on the association between child labour and general psychopathology, internalising and externalising problems were identified. Child labour was found to be strongly associated with poor mental health outcomes in seven studies. More significant associations were found between child labour and internalising problems than externalising problems. The burden of poor mental health as a result of child labour is significant given the numbers of children in work. Risk factors for poorer mental health were involvement in domestic labour, younger age, and greater intensity of work, which could be due to the potential of child labour to cause isolation, low self-esteem, and perception of an external locus of control. The risk factors suggested by this review will have implications for policy makers. Additional research is needed in low-income countries, risk factors and also into the potential psychological benefits of low levels of work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sturrock
- Imperial College London School of Medicine, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Matthew Hodes
- Centre for Mental Health, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, 7th Floor Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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Downey G. Being Human in Cities: Phenotypic Bias from Urban Niche Construction. CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1086/685710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Lopes CS, Moraes CL, Junger WL, Werneck GL, Ponce de Leon AC, Faerstein E. Direct and indirect exposure to violence and psychological distress among civil servants in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a prospective cohort study. BMC Psychiatry 2015; 15:109. [PMID: 25947364 PMCID: PMC4426549 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-015-0487-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Important social and economic changes accompanying the recent fast rate of urbanization have been considered a major factor in triggering and sustaining urban violence in Brazil. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of exposure to direct, indirect, and contextual violence on the risk of psychological distress. METHODS Prospective longitudinal study carried out among 3,058 civil servants working at university campuses in Rio de Janeiro. Psychological distress was measured using the General Health Questionnaire, and exposure to individual violence was assessed as direct (DV), indirect (IV), and both direct and indirect (DIV). Contextual violence was assessed through the geocoding of residential addresses of study participants and the rates of homicides in 2005 at the corresponding weighting area. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate individual and contextual correlates of psychological distress. RESULTS Exposure to DIV increased more than six times (95% CI 2.7-16.0) the odds of psychological distress occurrence at the six-year follow-up. Regarding persistence of psychological distress, the association with violence exposure was 1.6 (95% CI 1.0-2.4) for DV and 2.7 (95% CI 1.3-5.3) for IV. Contextual violence was not associated with psychological distress, and no interaction effect was found between exposure to individual and contextual violence in the occurrence/persistence of psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study highlight the importance of assessing multiple forms of violence in research on the social determinants of mental disorders and support the view that individual exposure to different forms of violence increases the risk of psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia S Lopes
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524 / 7017D, 7° floor, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 20550-013, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Claudia L Moraes
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524 / 7017D, 7° floor, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 20550-013, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Washington L Junger
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524 / 7017D, 7° floor, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 20550-013, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme L Werneck
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524 / 7017D, 7° floor, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 20550-013, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Antonio C Ponce de Leon
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524 / 7017D, 7° floor, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 20550-013, RJ, Brazil. .,Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Social Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Eduardo Faerstein
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524 / 7017D, 7° floor, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 20550-013, RJ, Brazil.
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Cavalcante-Nóbrega LP, Mello AF, Maciel MR, Cividanes GC, Fossaluza V, Mari JJ, Mello MF. Quality of life of mothers whose children work on the streets of São Paulo, Brazil. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2015; 31:827-36. [PMID: 25945991 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00032514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the perceived quality of life of the mothers of street children and investigated the association with their history of childhood violence, the occurrence of current domestic violence, their current mental states and that of their children, and family functioning. The applied instruments were as follows: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, WorldSAFECore Questionnaire, Instrument for the Assessment of Quality of Life of the WHO, Global Assessment of Relational Functioning Scale, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and a socio-demographic questionnaire. The sample of convenience consisted of 79 low-income mothers who raised their children alone, and most of whom had a positive screening for mental illness. The multiple regression analysis showed that the perception of quality of life of these women was associated with the presence of psychopathology either in themselves or their children and family dysfunction. Thus any program aimed at improving the quality of life of such mothers should consider addressing their mental problems as well as those of their children, besides offering educational and psychotherapeutic approaches to these families to improve the social environment
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Shen L, Zhang Y, Liang W, Zhang Y. Investigation of child maltreatment: survey among junior school pupils in Henan province of China. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2015; 7:85-90. [PMID: 24123898 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study is to examine the prevalence of child maltreatment and its association with attachment and self-esteem among junior schools students in Henan province of China. METHODS Seven hundred thirty-six pupils were selected from two public schools. Data were collected with the self-reported questionnaires of the basic demographic information, the Revised Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0. RESULT In this study, the prevalence of emotional neglect, physical neglect, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and physical abuse were 22.8%, 38.0%, 11.0%, 10.6%, and 7.1%, respectively. There was a significant difference between male and female pupils in the prevalence of the physical neglect (Pearson χ(2) = 16.27, P < 0.01), sexual abuse (χ(2) = 15.38, P < 0.01), and physical abuse (χ(2) = 11.55, P < 0.01). In addition, physical neglect was the most common reported by pupils in the child maltreatment. Drinking habit of the mother was a significantly risk factor for emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect. CONCLUSION Child abuse is still a severe social and psychological problem, and child neglect is more common than child abuse. It is noteworthy that mothers with drinking habit were more likely to abuse their own children than fathers with drinking habit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Shen
- Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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12
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Mello AF, Juruena MF, Maciel MR, Cavalcante-Nobrega LP, Cividanes GC, Fossaluza V, Calsavara V, Mello MF, Cleare AJ, Mari JDJ. Factors related to the cortisol awakening response of children working on the streets and siblings, before and after 2 years of a psychosocial intervention. Psychiatry Res 2015; 225:625-30. [PMID: 25500347 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The study objective was to observe the cortisol awakening response (CAR) pattern before and after a psychosocial intervention with children from dysfunctional families who had at least one child working on the streets, and to verify factors related to it. Two hundred and eleven children between 7 and 14 years old were selected and 191 were included, 178 were re-evaluated 2 years after, of whom 113 had cortisol measures completed. Besides cortisol, they were evaluated at baseline and at end point regarding: abuse/neglect, mental health symptoms, exposure to urban violence and family environment. There was no significant difference between the CAR area under the curve (AUC) before and after the intervention. Two regression analysis models were built to evaluate factors related to the CAR before and after intervention. Before the intervention, working on the streets (vs. not) was related to a greater cortisol increase after awakening, at follow-up, having suffered physical punishment (vs. not) was related to a flattened cortisol response. The intervention was not associated with changes in the magnitude of the CAR AUC, though the CAR was associated with psychosocial stressors pre- and post-intervention. Effective interventions for children at risk that might shape a physiological cortisol response are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Feijo Mello
- Department of Psychiatry, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mario Francisco Juruena
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Faculty of Medicine Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; King׳s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK
| | - Mariana Rangel Maciel
- Department of Psychiatry, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Victor Fossaluza
- Mathematics and Statistics Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Calsavara
- Mathematics and Statistics Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Feijo Mello
- Department of Psychiatry, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anthony James Cleare
- King׳s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jair de Jesus Mari
- Department of Psychiatry, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Stefanovics EA, Filho MVM, Rosenheck RA, Scivoletto S. Functional outcomes of maltreated children and adolescents in a community-based rehabilitation program in Brazil: six-month improvement and baseline predictors. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2014; 38:1231-1237. [PMID: 24300697 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to implement outcomes monitoring and to review outcome data from a community-based rehabilitation program for maltreated children and adolescents in São Paulo, Brazil. Maltreated children and adolescents (N=452) were enrolled in The Equilibrium Program (TEP), a multidisciplinary community-based rehabilitation program. About half (n=230) of the participants were successfully evaluated using the Children's Global Assessment Scale (C-GAS) at entry, 3, and/or 6 months later. Analysis of outcomes used hierarchical linear modeling of functional change from baseline. With a baseline C-GAS score of 51.7 (SD=14.22), average improvement was 2.8 and 5.5 points at 3 and 6 months, respectively (reflecting small to moderate effect sizes=0.20 and 0.39). Improvement was associated with Problems related to upbringing (p<.02) at entry and absence of Physical abuse (p<.05) and Negative life events in childhood (p<.05) but was not associated with sociodemographics or any specific psychiatric diagnosis. This study showed that outcomes monitoring is feasible in a community-based program in a developing country. Although there was no untreated control group for comparison and specific evidence-based treatments were not used, it is notable that significant improvement, with small to moderate effect size, was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina A Stefanovics
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; VA New England Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mauro V M Filho
- The Equilibrim Program (TEP), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Medicine School, University of São Paulo (USP), R.Ovidio Campos Pieres Campos, 785, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robert A Rosenheck
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; VA New England Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sandra Scivoletto
- The Equilibrim Program (TEP), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Medicine School, University of São Paulo (USP), R.Ovidio Campos Pieres Campos, 785, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Cividanes GC, Mello AF, Sallum JM, Fossaluza V, Medeiros MD, Maciel MR, Cavalcante-Nobrega LP, Mari JJ, Mello MF, Valentte NL. Lack of association between the 5-HTTLPR and positive screening for mental disorders among children exposed to urban violence and maltreatment. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA 2014; 36:277-84. [DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2013-1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jair J. Mari
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; King's College London, United Kingdom
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15
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Christian RU. Commentary on 'interventions for promoting re-integration and reducing harmful behaviour and lifestyles in street-connected children and young people' with a response from the review authors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 8:1273-4. [PMID: 23877941 DOI: 10.1002/ebch.1924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in the issue of EBCH, first published as: Coren E, Hossain R, Pardo Pardo J, Veras MMS, Chakraborty K, Harris H, Martin AJ. Interventions for promoting re-integration and reducing harmful behaviour and lifestyles in street-connected children and young people. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD009823. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009823.pub2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahila U Christian
- Jack Brockoff Child Health and Wellbeing Program, McCaughey VicHealth Centre for Community Wellbeing, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia.
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16
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