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Barruet E, Striedinger K, Marangoni P, Pomerantz JH. Loss of transcriptional heterogeneity in aged human muscle stem cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285018. [PMID: 37192223 PMCID: PMC10187936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related loss of muscle mass and function negatively impacts healthspan and lifespan. Satellite cells function as muscle stem cells in muscle maintenance and regeneration by self-renewal, activation, proliferation and differentiation. These processes are perturbed in aging at the stem cell population level, contributing to muscle loss. However, how representation of subpopulations within the human satellite cell pool change during aging remains poorly understood. We previously reported a comprehensive baseline of human satellite cell (Hu-MuSCs) transcriptional activity in muscle homeostasis describing functional heterogenous human satellite cell subpopulations such as CAV1+ Hu-MUSCs. Here, we sequenced additional satellite cells from new healthy donors and performed extended transcriptomic analyses with regard to aging. We found an age-related loss of global transcriptomic heterogeneity and identified new markers (CAV1, CXCL14, GPX3) along with previously described ones (FN1, ITGB1, SPRY1) that are altered during aging in human satellite cells. These findings describe new transcriptomic changes that occur during aging in human satellite cells and provide a foundation for understanding functional impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Barruet
- Departments of Surgery and Orofacial Sciences, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Katharine Striedinger
- Departments of Surgery and Orofacial Sciences, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Pauline Marangoni
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jason H. Pomerantz
- Departments of Surgery and Orofacial Sciences, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Aureli M, Mauri L, Carsana EV, Dobi D, Breviario S, Lunghi G, Sonnino S. Gangliosides and Cell Surface Ganglioside Metabolic Enzymes in the Nervous System. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 29:305-332. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12390-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Xue YY, Huang XR, Dong HL, Wu ZY, Li HF. Identification of a large homozygous SPG21 deletion in a Chinese patient with Mast syndrome. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:1251-1253. [PMID: 34492745 PMCID: PMC8446208 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Xue
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Rong Huang
- Department of Neurology, Ruian City People's Hospital, Ruian, China
| | - Hai-Lin Dong
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Fu Li
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Borah K, Rickman OJ, Voutsina N, Ampong I, Gao D, Baple EL, Dias IH, Crosby AH, Griffiths HR. A quantitative LC-MS/MS method for analysis of mitochondrial -specific oxysterol metabolism. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101595. [PMID: 32574926 PMCID: PMC7317222 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxysterols are critical regulators of inflammation and cholesterol metabolism in cells. They are oxidation products of cholesterol and may be differentially metabolised in subcellular compartments and in biological fluids. New analytical methods are needed to improve our understanding of oxysterol trafficking and the molecular interplay between the cellular compartments required to maintain cholesterol/oxysterol homeostasis. Here we describe a method for isolation of oxysterols using solid phase extraction and quantification by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, applied to tissue, cells and mitochondria. We analysed five monohydroxysterols; 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol, 27-hydroxycholesterol, 7α-hydroxycholesterol, 7 ketocholesterol and three dihydroxysterols 7α-24(S)dihydroxycholesterol, 7α-25dihydroxycholesterol, 7α-27dihydroxycholesterol by LC-MS/MS following reverse phase chromatography. Our new method, using Triton and DMSO extraction, shows improved extraction efficiency and recovery of oxysterols from cellular matrix. We validated our method by reproducibly measuring oxysterols in mouse brain tissue and showed that mice fed a high fat diet had significantly lower levels of 24S/25diOHC, 27diOHC and 7ketoOHC. We measured oxysterols in mitochondria from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and highlight the importance of rapid cell isolation to minimise effects of handling and storage conditions on oxysterol composition in clinical samples. In addition, in vitro cell culture systems, of THP-1 monocytes and neuronal-like SH-SH5Y cells, showed mitochondrial-specific oxysterol metabolism and profiles were lineage specific. In summary, we describe a robust and reproducible method validated for improved recovery, quantitative linearity and detection, reproducibility and selectivity for cellular oxysterol analysis. This method enables subcellular oxysterol metabolism to be monitored and is versatile in its application to various biological and clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Borah
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Olivia J Rickman
- University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, RD&E Hospital Wonford, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Nikol Voutsina
- University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, RD&E Hospital Wonford, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Isaac Ampong
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Dan Gao
- Department of Human Anatomy,Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Emma L Baple
- University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, RD&E Hospital Wonford, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | | | - Andrew H Crosby
- University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, RD&E Hospital Wonford, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Helen R Griffiths
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.
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Complexity of Generating Mouse Models to Study the Upper Motor Neurons: Let Us Shift Focus from Mice to Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163848. [PMID: 31394733 PMCID: PMC6720674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor neuron circuitry is one of the most elaborate circuitries in our body, which ensures voluntary and skilled movement that requires cognitive input. Therefore, both the cortex and the spinal cord are involved. The cortex has special importance for motor neuron diseases, in which initiation and modulation of voluntary movement is affected. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is defined by the progressive degeneration of both the upper and lower motor neurons, whereas hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) and primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) are characterized mainly by the loss of upper motor neurons. In an effort to reveal the cellular and molecular basis of neuronal degeneration, numerous model systems are generated, and mouse models are no exception. However, there are many different levels of complexities that need to be considered when developing mouse models. Here, we focus our attention to the upper motor neurons, which are one of the most challenging neuron populations to study. Since mice and human differ greatly at a species level, but the cells/neurons in mice and human share many common aspects of cell biology, we offer a solution by focusing our attention to the affected neurons to reveal the complexities of diseases at a cellular level and to improve translational efforts.
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Woeste MA, Stern S, Raju DN, Grahn E, Dittmann D, Gutbrod K, Dörmann P, Hansen JN, Schonauer S, Marx CE, Hamzeh H, Körschen HG, Aerts JMFG, Bönigk W, Endepols H, Sandhoff R, Geyer M, Berger TK, Bradke F, Wachten D. Species-specific differences in nonlysosomal glucosylceramidase GBA2 function underlie locomotor dysfunction arising from loss-of-function mutations. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:3853-3871. [PMID: 30662006 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonlysosomal glucosylceramidase β2 (GBA2) catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucosylceramide to glucose and ceramide. Mutations in the human GBA2 gene have been associated with hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), autosomal-recessive cerebellar ataxia (ARCA), and the Marinesco-Sjögren-like syndrome. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are ill-defined. Here, using biochemistry, immunohistochemistry, structural modeling, and mouse genetics, we demonstrate that all but one of the spastic gait locus #46 (SPG46)-connected mutations cause a loss of GBA2 activity. We demonstrate that GBA2 proteins form oligomeric complexes and that protein-protein interactions are perturbed by some of these mutations. To study the pathogenesis of GBA2-related HSP and ARCA in vivo, we investigated GBA2-KO mice as a mammalian model system. However, these mice exhibited a high phenotypic variance and did not fully resemble the human phenotype, suggesting that mouse and human GBA2 differ in function. Whereas some GBA2-KO mice displayed a strong locomotor defect, others displayed only mild alterations of the gait pattern and no signs of cerebellar defects. On a cellular level, inhibition of GBA2 activity in isolated cerebellar neurons dramatically affected F-actin dynamics and reduced neurite outgrowth, which has been associated with the development of neurological disorders. Our results shed light on the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of GBA2-related HSP and ARCA and reveal species-specific differences in GBA2 function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Woeste
- From the Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sina Stern
- the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Diana N Raju
- From the Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Elena Grahn
- the Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar), 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominik Dittmann
- From the Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Gutbrod
- the Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Dörmann
- the Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan N Hansen
- From the Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sophie Schonauer
- the Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar), 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Carina E Marx
- the Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar), 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Hussein Hamzeh
- the Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar), 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Heinz G Körschen
- the Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar), 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes M F G Aerts
- the Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CD Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Bönigk
- the Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar), 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Heike Endepols
- the Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging (IREMB) and Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Roger Sandhoff
- the Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,the Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, and
| | - Matthias Geyer
- the Institute of Structural Biology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas K Berger
- the Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar), 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Bradke
- the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wachten
- From the Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany, .,the Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar), 53175 Bonn, Germany
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Trummer B, Haubenberger D, Blackstone C. Clinical Trial Designs and Measures in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias. Front Neurol 2018; 9:1017. [PMID: 30627115 PMCID: PMC6309810 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.01017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a large group of genetically-diverse neurologic disorders characterized clinically by a common feature of lower extremity spasticity and gait difficulties. Current therapies are predominantly symptomatic, and even then usually provide inadequate relief of symptoms. Going forward, HSP therapeutics development requires a systematic analysis of quantifiable measures and tools to assess treatment response. This review summarizes promising therapeutic targets, assessment measures, and previous clinical trials for the HSPs. Oxidative stress, signaling pathways, microtubule dynamics, and gene rescue/replacement have been proposed as potential treatment targets or modalities. Quantitative evaluation of pre-clinical rodent HSP models emphasize rotarod performance, foot base angle, grip strength, stride length, beam walking, critical speed, and body weight. Clinical measures of HSP in humans include 10-m gait velocity, the Spastic Paraplegia Rating Scale (SPRS), Ashworth Spasticity Scale, Fugl-Meyer Scale, timed up-and-go, and the Gillette Functional Assessment Questionnaire. We conducted a broad search for past clinical trials in HSPs and identified trials that investigated pharmacological agents including atorvastatin, gabapentin, L-threonine, botulinum toxin, dalfampridine, methylphenidate, and baclofen. We provide recommendations for future HSP treatment directions based on these prior research experiences as well as regulatory insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Trummer
- Neurogenetics Branch, Clinical Research Program, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Research Program, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dietrich Haubenberger
- Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Research Program, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Craig Blackstone
- Neurogenetics Branch, Clinical Research Program, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Scarlato M, Citterio A, Barbieri A, Godi C, Panzeri E, Bassi MT. Exome sequencing reveals a novel homozygous mutation in ACP33 gene in the first Italian family with SPG21. J Neurol 2017; 264:2021-2023. [PMID: 28752238 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-017-8558-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Scarlato
- Neurology Department & INSPE, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Andrea Citterio
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Alessandra Barbieri
- Neurology Department, Psychology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Godi
- Neuroradiology Department, Neuroradiology Research Group and CERMAC, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Panzeri
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Bassi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
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Davenport A, Bivona A, Latson W, Lemanski LF, Cheriyath V. Loss of Maspardin Attenuates the Growth and Maturation of Mouse Cortical Neurons. NEURODEGENER DIS 2016; 16:260-72. [PMID: 26978163 DOI: 10.1159/000443666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast syndrome, an autosomal recessive, progressive form of hereditary spastic paraplegia, is associated with mutations in SPG21 loci that encode maspardin protein. Although SPG21-/- mice exhibit lower limb dysfunction, the role of maspardin loss in mast syndrome is unclear. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that loss of maspardin attenuates the growth and maturation of cortical neurons in SPG21-/- mice. METHODS AND RESULTS In a randomized experimental design SPG21-/- mice demonstrated significantly less agility and coordination compared to wild-type mice in beam walk, ledge, and hind limb clasp tests for assessing neuronal dysfunction (p ≤ 0.05). The SPG21-/- mice exhibited symptoms of mast syndrome at 6 months which worsened in 12-month-old cohort, suggesting progressive dysfunction of motor neurons. Ex vivo, wild-type cortical neurons formed synapses, ganglia and aggregates at 96 h, whereas SPG21-/- neurons exhibited attenuated growth with markedly less axonal branches. Additionally, epidermal growth factor markedly promoted the growth and maturation of SPG21+/+ cortical neurons but not SPG21-/- neurons. Consequently, quantitative RT-PCR identified a significant reduction in the expression of a subset of EGF-EGFR signaling targets. CONCLUSIONS Our current study uncovered a direct role for maspardin in normal and EGF-induced growth and maturation of primary cortical neurons. The loss of maspardin resulted in attenuated growth, axonal branching, and attenuation of EGF signaling. Reinstating the functions of maspardin may reverse hind limb impairment associated with neuronal dysfunction in mast syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Davenport
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University-Commerce, Commerce, Tex., USA
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Jahic A, Khundadze M, Jaenisch N, Schüle R, Klimpe S, Klebe S, Frahm C, Kassubek J, Stevanin G, Schöls L, Brice A, Hübner CA, Beetz C. The spectrum of KIAA0196 variants, and characterization of a murine knockout: implications for the mutational mechanism in hereditary spastic paraplegia type SPG8. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015; 10:147. [PMID: 26572744 PMCID: PMC4647479 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-015-0359-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are rare neurodegenerative gait disorders which are genetically highly heterogeneous. For each single form, eventual consideration of therapeutic strategies requires an understanding of the mechanism by which mutations confer pathogenicity. SPG8 is a dominantly inherited HSP, and associated with rather early onset and rapid progression. A total of nine mutations in KIAA0196, which encodes the WASH regulatory complex (SHRC) member strumpellin, have been reported in SPG8 patients so far. Based on biochemical and cell biological approaches, they have been suggested to act via loss of function-mediated haploinsufficiency. Methods We generated a deletion-based knockout allele for E430025E21Rik, i.e. the murine homologue of KIAA0196. The consequences on mRNA and protein levels were analyzed by qPCR and Western-blotting, respectively. Motor performance was evaluated by the foot-base angle paradigm. Axon outgrowth and relevant organelle compartments were investigated in primary neuron cultures and primary fibroblast cultures, respectively. A homemade multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assay enabling identification of large inactivating KIAA0196 deletion alleles was applied to DNA from 240 HSP index patients. Results Homozygous but not heterozygous mice showed early embryonic lethality. No transcripts from the knockout allele were detected, and the previously suggested compensation by the wild-type allele upon heterozygosity was disproven. mRNA expression of genes encoding other SHRC members was unaltered, while there was evidence for reduced SHRC abundance at protein level. We did, however, neither observe HSP-related in vivo and ex vivo phenotypes, nor alterations affecting endosomal, lysosomal, or autophagic compartments. KIAA0196 copy number screening excluded large inactivating deletion mutations in HSP patients. The consequences of monoallelic KIAA0196/E430025E21Rik activation thus differ from those observed for dominant HSP genes for which a loss-of-function mechanism is well established. Conclusions Our data do not support the current view that heterozygous loss of strumpellin/SHRC function leads to haploinsufficiency and, in turn, to HSP. The lethality of homozygous knockout mice, i.e. the effect of complete loss of function, also argues against a dominant negative effect of mutant on wild-type strumpellin in patients. Toxic gain-of-function represents a potential alternative explanation. Confirmation of this therapeutically relevant hypothesis in vivo, however, will require availability of appropriate knockin models. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13023-015-0359-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Jahic
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Mukhran Khundadze
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Nadine Jaenisch
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Rebecca Schüle
- Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.,Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sven Klimpe
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Klebe
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Frahm
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Jan Kassubek
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- INSERM U1127, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR_S1127, CNRS UMR7225, EPHE, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexis Brice
- INSERM U1127, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR_S1127, CNRS UMR7225, EPHE, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | | | - Christian Beetz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
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12
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Lo Giudice T, Lombardi F, Santorelli FM, Kawarai T, Orlacchio A. Hereditary spastic paraplegia: clinical-genetic characteristics and evolving molecular mechanisms. Exp Neurol 2014; 261:518-39. [PMID: 24954637 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous neurological disorders characterized by pathophysiologic hallmark of length-dependent distal axonal degeneration of the corticospinal tracts. The prominent features of this pathological condition are progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs. To date, 72 spastic gait disease-loci and 55 spastic paraplegia genes (SPGs) have been identified. All modes of inheritance (autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked) have been described. Recently, a late onset spastic gait disorder with maternal trait of inheritance has been reported, as well as mutations in genes not yet classified as spastic gait disease. Several cellular processes are involved in its pathogenesis, such as membrane and axonal transport, endoplasmic reticulum membrane modeling and shaping, mitochondrial function, DNA repair, autophagy, and abnormalities in lipid metabolism and myelination processes. Moreover, recent evidences have been found about the impairment of endosome membrane trafficking in vesicle formation and about the involvement of oxidative stress and mtDNA polymorphisms in the onset of the disease. Interactome networks have been postulated by bioinformatics and biological analyses of spastic paraplegia genes, which would contribute to the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temistocle Lo Giudice
- Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC) - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Lombardi
- Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC) - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Maria Santorelli
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Medicina Molecolare, Neurogenetica e Malattie Neurodegenerative, IRCCS Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Toshitaka Kawarai
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Health Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Antonio Orlacchio
- Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC) - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
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13
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Gangliosides and Cell Surface Ganglioside Glycohydrolases in the Nervous System. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2014; 9:223-44. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1154-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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14
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Aureli M, Samarani M, Loberto N, Bassi R, Murdica V, Prioni S, Prinetti A, Sonnino S. The Glycosphingolipid Hydrolases in the Central Nervous System. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 50:76-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8592-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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De Matteis MA, Vicinanza M, Venditti R, Wilson C. Cellular Assays for Drug Discovery in Genetic Disorders of Intracellular Trafficking. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2013; 14:159-90. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-091212-153415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cathal Wilson
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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Martin E, Schüle R, Smets K, Rastetter A, Boukhris A, Loureiro JL, Gonzalez MA, Mundwiller E, Deconinck T, Wessner M, Jornea L, Oteyza AC, Durr A, Martin JJ, Schöls L, Mhiri C, Lamari F, Züchner S, De Jonghe P, Kabashi E, Brice A, Stevanin G. Loss of function of glucocerebrosidase GBA2 is responsible for motor neuron defects in hereditary spastic paraplegia. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 92:238-44. [PMID: 23332916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Spastic paraplegia 46 refers to a locus mapped to chromosome 9 that accounts for a complicated autosomal-recessive form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). With next-generation sequencing in three independent families, we identified four different mutations in GBA2 (three truncating variants and one missense variant), which were found to cosegregate with the disease and were absent in controls. GBA2 encodes a microsomal nonlysosomal glucosylceramidase that catalyzes the conversion of glucosylceramide to free glucose and ceramide and the hydrolysis of bile acid 3-O-glucosides. The missense variant was also found at the homozygous state in a simplex subject in whom no residual glucocerebrosidase activity of GBA2 could be evidenced in blood cells, opening the way to a possible measurement of this enzyme activity in clinical practice. The overall phenotype was a complex HSP with mental impairment, cataract, and hypogonadism in males associated with various degrees of corpus callosum and cerebellar atrophy on brain imaging. Antisense morpholino oligonucleotides targeting the zebrafish GBA2 orthologous gene led to abnormal motor behavior and axonal shortening/branching of motoneurons that were rescued by the human wild-type mRNA but not by applying the same mRNA containing the missense mutation. This study highlights the role of ceramide metabolism in HSP pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Martin
- Unité Mixte de Recherche S975, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Pitie-Salpêtrière Hospital, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), Paris, France
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17
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Chertemps T, Montagné N, Bozzolan F, Maria A, Durand N, Maïbèche-Coisne M. Characterization of maspardin, responsible for human Mast syndrome, in an insect species and analysis of its evolution in metazoans. Naturwissenschaften 2012; 99:537-43. [PMID: 22729480 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-012-0930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mast syndrome is a complicated form of human hereditary spastic paraplegias, caused by a mutation in the gene acid cluster protein 33, which encodes a protein designated as "maspardin." Maspardin presents similarity to the α/β-hydrolase superfamily, but might lack enzymatic activity and rather be involved in protein-protein interactions. Association with the vesicles of the endosomal network also suggested that maspardin may be involved in the sorting and/or trafficking of molecules in the endosomal pathway, a crucial process for maintenance of neuron health. Despite a high conservation in living organisms, studies of maspardin in other animal species than mammals were lacking. In the cotton armyworm Spodoptera littoralis, an insect pest model, analysis of an expressed sequence tag collection from antenna, the olfactory organ, has allowed identifying a maspardin homolog (SlMasp). We have investigated SlMasp tissue distribution and temporal expression by PCR and in situ hybridization techniques. Noteworthy, we found that maspardin was highly expressed in antennae and associated with the structures specialized in odorant detection. We have, in addition, identified maspardin sequences in numerous "nonmammalian" species and described here their phylogenetic analysis in the context of metazoan diversity. We observed a strong conservation of maspardin in metazoans, with surprisingly two independent losses of this gene in two relatively distant ecdysozoan taxa that include major model organisms, i.e., dipterans and nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Chertemps
- Physiologie de l'Insecte, Signalisation et Communication, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR 1272, 7 quai Saint-Bernard, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
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Renvoisé B, Stadler J, Singh R, Bakowska JC, Blackstone C. Spg20-/- mice reveal multimodal functions for Troyer syndrome protein spartin in lipid droplet maintenance, cytokinesis and BMP signaling. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:3604-18. [PMID: 22619377 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs; SPG1-48) are inherited neurological disorders characterized by lower extremity spasticity and weakness. Loss-of-function mutations in the SPG20 gene encoding spartin cause autosomal recessive Troyer syndrome (SPG20), which has additional features of short stature, cognitive deficits and distal amyotrophy. To identify cellular impairments underlying Troyer syndrome, we generated Spg20-/- mice, which exhibit progressive gait defects. Although gross central nervous system pathology appeared largely normal, cerebral cortical neurons cultured from neonatal Spg20-/- mice exhibited increased axon branching, a phenotype suppressed by reintroducing spartin and which required its interaction with the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-III protein IST1. Analysis of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway in Spg20-/- embryonic fibroblasts indicated that Smad1/5 phosphorylation is modestly elevated, possibly due to alterations in BMP receptor trafficking. Cytokinesis was impaired in embryonic fibroblasts cultured from Spg20-/- mice, and binucleated chondrocytes were prominent in epiphyseal growth plates of bones in Spg20-/- mice, perhaps explaining the short stature of patients. Finally, adipose tissue from Spg20-/- female mice exhibited increased lipid droplet (LD) numbers and alterations in perilipin levels, supporting a role for spartin in LD maintenance. Taken together, our results support multimodal functions for spartin that provide important insights into HSP pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Renvoisé
- Cell Biology Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Finsterer J, Löscher W, Quasthoff S, Wanschitz J, Auer-Grumbach M, Stevanin G. Hereditary spastic paraplegias with autosomal dominant, recessive, X-linked, or maternal trait of inheritance. J Neurol Sci 2012; 318:1-18. [PMID: 22554690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2012.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders that are clinically characterised by progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower-limbs (pure SPG) and, majoritorian, additional more extensive neurological or non-neurological manifestations (complex or complicated SPG). Pure SPG is characterised by progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower-limbs, and occasionally sensory disturbances or bladder dysfunction. Complex SPGs additionally include cognitive impairment, dementia, epilepsy, extrapyramidal disturbances, cerebellar involvement, retinopathy, optic atrophy, deafness, polyneuropathy, or skin lesions in the absence of coexisting disorders. Nineteen SPGs follow an autosomal-dominant (AD-SPG), 27 an autosomal-recessive (AR-SPG), 5 X-linked (XL-SPG), and one a maternal trait of inheritance. SPGs are due to mutations in genes encoding for proteins involved in the maintenance of corticospinal tract neurons. Among the AD-SPGs, 40-45% of patients carry mutations in the SPAST-gene (SPG4) and 10% in the ATL1-gene (SPG3), while the other 9 genes are more rarely involved (NIPA1 (SPG6), KIAA0196 (SPG8), KIF5A (SPG10), RNT2 (SPG12), SPGD1 (SPG13), BSCL2 (SPG17), REEP1 (SPG31), ZFYVE27 (SPG33, debated), and SLC33A1 (SPG42, debated)). Among the AR-SPGs, ~20% of the patients carry mutations in the KIAA1840 (SPG11) gene whereas the 15 other genes are rarely mutated and account for SPGs in single families yet (CYP7B1 (SPG5), SPG7 (SPG7), ZFYVE26 (SPG15), ERLIN2 (SPG18), SPG20 (SPG20), ACP33 (SPG21), KIF1A (SPG30), FA2H (SPG35), NTE (SPG39), GJA12/GJC2 (SPG44), KIAA0415 (SPG48) and 4 genes encoding for the AP4-complex (SPG47)). Among the XL-SPGs, 3 causative genes have been identified (L1CAM (SPG1), PLP1 (SPG2), and SLC16A2 (SPG22)). The diagnosis of SPGs is based on clinical, instrumental and genetic investigations. Treatment is exclusively symptomatic.
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Abstract
Human voluntary movement is controlled by the pyramidal motor system, a long CNS pathway comprising corticospinal and lower motor neurons. Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a large, genetically diverse group of inherited neurologic disorders characterized by a length-dependent distal axonopathy of the corticospinal tracts, resulting in lower limb spasticity and weakness. A range of studies are converging on alterations in the shaping of organelles, particularly the endoplasmic reticulum, as well as intracellular membrane trafficking and distribution as primary defects underlying the HSPs, with clear relevance for other long axonopathies affecting peripheral nerves and lower motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Blackstone
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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