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Tungare K, Gupta J, Bhori M, Garse S, Kadam A, Jha P, Jobby R, Amanullah M, Vijayakumar S. Nanomaterial in controlling biofilms and virulence of microbial pathogens. Microb Pathog 2024; 192:106722. [PMID: 38815775 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a grave concern to global public health, exacerbated by the alarming shortage of effective antibiotics in the pipeline. Biofilms, intricate populations of bacteria encased in self-produced matrices, pose a significant challenge to treatment, as they enhance resistance to antibiotics and contribute to the persistence of organisms. Amid these challenges, nanotechnology emerges as a promising domain in the fight against biofilms. Nanomaterials, with their unique properties at the nanoscale, offer innovative antibacterial modalities not present in traditional defensive mechanisms. This comprehensive review focuses on the potential of nanotechnology in combating biofilms, focusing on green-synthesized nanoparticles and their associated anti-biofilm potential. The review encompasses various aspects of nanoparticle-mediated biofilm inhibition, including mechanisms of action. The diverse mechanisms of action of green-synthesized nanoparticles offer valuable insights into their potential applications in addressing AMR and improving treatment outcomes, highlighting novel strategies in the ongoing battle against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchanlata Tungare
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D Y Patil Deemed to be University, Navi Mumbai, Plot no 50, Sector 15, CBD Belapur, 400614, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Juhi Gupta
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D Y Patil Deemed to be University, Navi Mumbai, Plot no 50, Sector 15, CBD Belapur, 400614, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mustansir Bhori
- Inveniolife Technology PVT LTD, Office No.118, Grow More Tower, Plot No.5, Sector 2, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India
| | - Samiksha Garse
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D Y Patil Deemed to be University, Navi Mumbai, Plot no 50, Sector 15, CBD Belapur, 400614, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aayushi Kadam
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada; Anatek Services PVT LTD, 10, Sai Chamber, Near Santacruz Railway Bridge, Sen Nagar, Santacruz East, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400055, India
| | - Pamela Jha
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM'S NMIMS University, Mumbai, India
| | - Renitta Jobby
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Maharashtra, Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Bhatan, Panvel, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410206, India; Amity Centre of Excellence in Astrobiology, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Bhatan, Panvel, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410206, India
| | - Mohammed Amanullah
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia, 61421
| | - Sekar Vijayakumar
- Center for Global Health Research (CGHR), Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, PR China
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Biofilm Formation and Control of Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062432. [PMID: 36985403 PMCID: PMC10058477 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are microbial aggregation membranes that are formed when microorganisms attach to the surfaces of living or nonliving things. Importantly, biofilm properties provide microorganisms with protection against environmental pressures and enhance their resistance to antimicrobial agents, contributing to microbial persistence and toxicity. Thus, bacterial biofilm formation is part of the bacterial survival mechanism. However, if foodborne pathogens form biofilms, the risk of foodborne disease infections can be greatly exacerbated, which can cause major public health risks and lead to adverse economic consequences. Therefore, research on biofilms and their removal strategies are very important in the food industry. Food waste due to spoilage within the food industry remains a global challenge to environmental sustainability and the security of food supplies. This review describes bacterial biofilm formation, elaborates on the problem associated with biofilms in the food industry, enumerates several kinds of common foodborne pathogens in biofilms, summarizes the current strategies used to eliminate or control harmful bacterial biofilm formation, introduces the current and emerging control strategies, and emphasizes future development prospects with respect to bacterial biofilms.
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Alsharedeh RH, Alshraiedeh NH, Masadeh MM, Alzoubi KH, Al-Fandi MG, Hayajneh RH, Atawneh FH, Shubair ZA. Biofilm formation by E. coli and S. aureus on cellphone cover: sensitivity to commercially available sanitizers. PHARMACIA 2023. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.70.e95865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Presence of pathogens on the cellphones and their accessories poses a significant risk for public health. This study aimed to determine the biofilm-forming capability of S. aureus and E. coli on pieces made from a different commercially available cell phone and aadditionally to test the effectiveness of the most common commercially available sanitizers. Therefore, bacterial biofilm biomasses were quantitatively determined on cellphone covers using crystal violet assay in the presence and absence of common sanitizers. This study revealed that S. aureus and E. coli could form biofilms on the surfaces of all cellphones covers. Additionally, the sanitizers that contain sodium hypochlorite 5.25% and those composed of 38.9% ethanol and 0.05% dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride showed the highest log reduction in the number of viable cells after 5 minutes of exposure against biofilms formed by both E. coli and S. aureus compared to other tested sanitizers (chloroxylenol 4.8%, 2-propanol 64%, and ethanol 70%). Moreover, 4.8% chloroxylenol and 70% ethanol-based sanitizers showed log reductions significantly higher than 2-propanol-based ones. In conclusion, cellphone covers were shown to be suitable surfaces for microbial biofilm formation produced by S. aureus and E. coli. The antimicrobial activity of commercially available sanitizers against these bacterial biofilms was variable, with sodium hypochlorite and ethanol/dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride sanitizer being the most effective.
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Bai YB, Yang XR, Li B, Zhou XZ, Wang WW, Cheng FS, Zhang JY. Virtual Screening and In Vitro Experimental Verification of LuxS Inhibitors for Escherichia coli O157:H7. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0350222. [PMID: 36809060 PMCID: PMC10100900 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03502-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an important foodborne pathogen that forms biofilms. In this study, three quorum-sensing (QS) inhibitors (M414-3326, 3254-3286, and L413-0180) were obtained through virtual screening, and their in vitro antibiofilm activities were validated. Briefly, the three-dimensional structure model of LuxS was constructed and characterized using the SWISS-MODEL. High-affinity inhibitors were screened from the ChemDiv database (1,535,478 compounds) using LuxS as a ligand. Five compounds (L449-1159, L368-0079, M414-3326, 3254-3286, and L413-0180) with a good inhibitory effect (50% inhibitory concentration <10 μM) on type II QS signal molecule autoinducer-2 (AI-2) were obtained using a AI-2 bioluminescence assay. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties predicated that the five compounds had high intestinal absorption levels (high) and plasma protein binding (absorbent strong) and did not inhibit the metabolism of CYP2D6 metabolic enzymes. In addition, molecular dynamics simulation showed that compounds L449-1159 and L368-0079 could not stably bind with LuxS. Thus, these compounds were excluded. Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance results showed that the three compounds could specifically bind to LuxS. IN addition, the three compounds could effectively inhibit the biofilm formation without affecting the growth and metabolism of the bacteria. Finally, the reverse transcription-quantitative PCR results showed that the three compounds downregulated the expression of the LuxS gene. Overall, these results revealed that the three compounds obtained through virtual screening could inhibit biofilm formation of E. coli O157:H7 and are potential LuxS inhibitors that can be used to treat E. coli O157:H7 infections. IMPORTANCE E. coli O157:H7 is a foodborne pathogen of public health importance. Quorum sensing (QS) is a form of bacterial communication that can regulate various group behaviors, including biofilm formation. Here, we identified three QS AI-2 inhibitors (M414-3326, 3254-3286, and L413-0180) that can stably and specifically bind to LuxS protein. The three QS AI-2 inhibitors inhibited biofilm formation without affecting the growth and metabolic activity of E. coli O157:H7. The three QS AI-2 inhibitors are promising agents for treating E. coli O157:H7 infections. Further studies to identify the mechanism of the three QS AI-2 inhibitors are needed to develop new drugs to overcome antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Bin Bai
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Rong Yang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu-Zheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu-Sheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
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Han X, Zhang M, Peng J, Wu J, Zhong Q. Purification and characterization of a novel bacteriocin from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Z057, and its antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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6
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Interference in the production of bacterial virulence factors by olive oil processing waste. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Novel Antibiofilm Inhibitor Ginkgetin as an Antibacterial Synergist against Escherichia coli. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158809. [PMID: 35955943 PMCID: PMC9369100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As an opportunistic pathogen, Escherichia coli (E. coli) forms biofilm that increases the virulence of bacteria and antibiotic resistance, posing a serious threat to human and animal health. Recently, ginkgetin (Gin) has been discovered to have antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor properties. In the present study, we evaluated the antibiofilm and antibacterial synergist of Gin against E. coli. Additionally, Alamar Blue assay combined with confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and crystal violet (CV) staining was used to evaluate the effect of antibiofilm and antibacterial synergist against E. coli. Results showed that Gin reduces biofilm formation, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, and motility against E. coli without limiting its growth and metabolic activity. Furthermore, we identified the inhibitory effect of Gin on AI-2 signaling molecule production, which showed apparent anti-quorum sensing (QS) properties. The qRT-PCR also indicated that Gin reduced the transcription of curli-related genes (csgA, csgD), flagella-formation genes (flhC, flhD, fliC, fliM), and QS-related genes (luxS, lsrB, lsrK, lsrR). Moreover, Gin showed obvious antibacterial synergism to overcome antibiotic resistance in E. coli with marketed antibiotics, including gentamicin, colistin B, and colistin E. These results suggested the potent antibiofilm and novel antibacterial synergist effect of Gin for treating E. coli infections.
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8
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Asare EO, Mun EA, Marsili E, Paunov VN. Nanotechnologies for control of pathogenic microbial biofilms. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:5129-5153. [PMID: 35735175 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00233g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are formed at interfaces by microorganisms, which congregate in microstructured communities embedded in a self-produced extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Biofilm-related infections are problematic due to the high resistance towards most clinically used antimicrobials, which is associated with high mortality and morbidity, combined with increased hospital stays and overall treatment costs. Several new nanotechnology-based approaches have recently been proposed for targeting resistant bacteria and microbial biofilms. Here we discuss the impacts of biofilms on healthcare, food processing and packaging, and water filtration and distribution systems, and summarize the emerging nanotechnological strategies that are being developed for biofilm prevention, control and eradication. Combination of novel nanomaterials with conventional antimicrobial therapies has shown great potential in producing more effective platforms for controlling biofilms. Recent developments include antimicrobial nanocarriers with enzyme surface functionality that allow passive infection site targeting, degradation of the EPS and delivery of high concentrations of antimicrobials to the residing cells. Several stimuli-responsive antimicrobial formulation strategies have taken advantage of the biofilm microenvironment to enhance interaction and passive delivery into the biofilm sites. Nanoparticles of ultralow size have also been recently employed in formulations to improve the EPS penetration, enhance the carrier efficiency, and improve the cell wall permeability to antimicrobials. We also discuss antimicrobial metal and metal oxide nanoparticle formulations which provide additional mechanical factors through externally induced actuation and generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the biofilms. The review helps to bridge microbiology with materials science and nanotechnology, enabling a more comprehensive interdisciplinary approach towards the development of novel antimicrobial treatments and biofilm control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evans O Asare
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Nursultan city, 010000, Kazakhstan.
| | - Ellina A Mun
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Nursultan city, 010000, Kazakhstan.
| | - Enrico Marsili
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Nursultan city, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Vesselin N Paunov
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Nursultan city, 010000, Kazakhstan.
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9
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Kaur H, Kaur A, Soni SK, Rishi P. Microbially-derived cocktail of carbohydrases as an anti-biofouling agents: a 'green approach'. BIOFOULING 2022; 38:455-481. [PMID: 35673761 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2022.2085566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes, also known as biocatalysts, display vital properties like high substrate specificity, an eco-friendly nature, low energy inputs, and cost-effectiveness. Among their numerous known applications, enzymes that can target biofilms or their components are increasingly being investigated for their anti-biofouling action, particularly in healthcare, food manufacturing units and environmental applications. Enzymes can target biofilms at different levels like during the attachment of microorganisms, formation of exopolymeric substances (EPS), and their disruption thereafter. In this regard, a consortium of carbohydrases that can target heterogeneous polysaccharides present in the EPS matrix may provide an effective alternative to conventional chemical anti-biofouling methods. Further, for complete annihilation of biofilms, enzymes can be used alone or in conjunction with other antimicrobial agents. Enzymes hold the promise to replace the conventional methods with greener, more economical, and more efficient alternatives. The present article explores the potential and future perspectives of using carbohydrases as effective anti-biofilm agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmanpreet Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arashdeep Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Praveen Rishi
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Zhang YM, Jiang YH, Li HW, Li XZ, Zhang QL. Purification and characterization of Lactobacillus plantarum-derived bacteriocin with activity against Staphylococcus argenteus planktonic cells and biofilm. J Food Sci 2022; 87:2718-2731. [PMID: 35470896 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriocins inhibit various foodborne bacteria in planktonic and biofilm forms. However, bacteriocins with antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus argenteus, a pathogen that can cause food poisoning, are still poorly known. Here, the novel bacteriocin LSB1 derived from Lactobacillus plantarum CGMCC 1.12934 was purified and characterized extensively. LSB1 had a molecular weight of 1425.78 Da and an amino acid sequence of YIFVTGGVVSSLGK. Moreover, LSB1 exhibited excellent stability under heat and acid-base stress and presented sensitivity to pepsin and proteinase K. LSB1 exhibited an extensive antimicrobial spectrum against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration of LSB1 against S. argenteus_70917 was 10.36 µg/ml, which was lower than that of most of the previously found bacteriocins against Staphylococcus strains. Furthermore, LSB1 significantly inhibited S. argenteus_70917 planktonic cells (p < 0.01) and decreased their viability. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that cell membrane permeability of S. argenteus_70917 upon exposure to LSB1 showed leakage of cytoplasmic contents and rupture, leading to cell death. In addition, biofilm formation ability of S. argenteus_70917 was significantly (p < 0.01) impaired by LSB1, with the percent inhibition of 35% at 10 µg/ml and 80% at 20 µg/ml. Overall, this study indicates that LSB1 can be considered a potential antibacterial agent in the control of S. argenteus in both planktonic and biofilm states. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Foodborne pathogenic bacteria, such as Staphylococcus argenteus, and their biofilms represent potential risks for food safety. In recent years, customers' demand for "natural" products has increased food control. This study describes the novel bacteriocin LSB1 produced by the lactic acid bacterium species Lactobacillus plantarum. LSB1 showed strong antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against S. argenteus as well as thermal and acid-alkaline stability. Furthermore, the mechanisms of action of LSB1 on S. argenteus were preliminarily explored. These results indicate that LSB1 might be potentially used as an effective and natural food preservative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Mei Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yu-Hang Jiang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Wei Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiu-Zhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Qi-Lin Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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11
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Li X, Gu N, Huang TY, Zhong F, Peng G. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A typical biofilm forming pathogen and an emerging but underestimated pathogen in food processing. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1114199. [PMID: 36762094 PMCID: PMC9905436 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1114199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a notorious gram-negative pathogenic microorganism, because of several virulence factors, biofilm forming capability, as well as antimicrobial resistance. In addition, the appearance of antibiotic-resistant strains resulting from the misuse and overuse of antibiotics increases morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. However, it has been underestimated as a foodborne pathogen in various food groups for instance water, milk, meat, fruits, and vegetables. Chemical preservatives that are commonly used to suppress the growth of food source microorganisms can cause problems with food safety. For these reasons, finding effective, healthy safer, and natural alternative antimicrobial agents used in food processing is extremely important. In this review, our ultimate goal is to cover recent advances in food safety related to P. aeruginosa including antimicrobial resistance, major virulence factors, and prevention measures. It is worth noting that food spoilage caused by P. aeruginosa should arouse wide concerns of consumers and food supervision department.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nixuan Gu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Teng Yi Huang
- Department of Diagnostics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Feifeng Zhong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gongyong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Gongyong Peng, ✉
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12
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Tao J, Yan S, Wang H, Zhao L, Zhu H, Wen Z. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of total flavonoids from Potentilla kleiniana Wight et Arn on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its potential application to stainless steel surfaces. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Mgomi FC, Yuan L, Chen CW, Zhang YS, Yang ZQ. Bacteriophages: A weapon against mixed-species biofilms in the food processing environment. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 133:2107-2121. [PMID: 34932868 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mixed-species biofilms represent the most frequent actual lifestyles of microorganisms in food processing environments, and they are usually more resistant to control methods than single-species biofilms. The persistence of biofilms formed by foodborne pathogens is believed to cause serious human diseases. These challenges have encouraged researchers to search for novel, natural methods that are more effective towards mixed-species biofilms. Recently, the use of bacteriophages to control mixed-species biofilms have grown significantly in the food industry as an alternative to conventional methods. This review highlights a comprehensive introduction of mixed-species biofilms formed by foodborne pathogens and their enhanced resistance to anti-biofilm removal strategies. Additionally, several methods for controlling mixed-species biofilms briefly focused on applying bacteriophages in the food industry have also been discussed. This article concludes by suggesting that using bacteriophage, combined with other 'green' methods, could effectively control mixed-species biofilms in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedrick C Mgomi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Lei Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Cao-Wei Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Yuan-Song Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Zhen-Quan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
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14
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Guo N, Bai X, Shen Y, Zhang T. Target-based screening for natural products against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2216-2230. [PMID: 34491124 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1972280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As a notorious food-borne pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus can readily cause diseases in humans via contaminated food. Biofilm formation on various surfaces can increase the capacity of viable S. aureus cells for self-protection due to the stubborn structure of the biofilm matrix. Increased disease risk and economic losses caused by biofilm contamination in the food industry necessitate the urgent development of effective strategies for the inhibition and removal of S. aureus biofilms. Natural products have been extensively used as important sources of "eco-friendly" antibiofilm agents to avoid the side effects of conventional strategies on human health and the environment. This review discusses biofilm formation of S. aureus in food industries and focuses on providing an overview of potential promising target-oriented natural products and their mechanisms of S. aureus biofilm inhibition or removal. Hoping to provide valuable information of attractive research targets or potential undeveloped targets to screen potent natural anti-biofilm agents in food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Bai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yong Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tiehua Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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15
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Önem E, Sarısu HC, Özaydın AG, Muhammed MT, Ak A. Phytochemical profile, antimicrobial, and anti-quorum sensing properties of fruit stalks of Prunus avium L. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:426-437. [PMID: 34173244 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the phytochemical contents and antibacterial properties of 2-year Prunus avium L. standard cultivars [Cristalina (Cr), 0900 Ziraat (Zr)] and to elucidate the mechanism of action of the extracts on the quorum sensing (QS) system by using homology modelling and molecular docking. Phenolic contents of methanol extract of Cr and Zr stalks were detected by HPLC. As a result, catechin hydrate (6364·67-8127·93 µg g-1 ) and chlorogenic acid (998·81-1273·4 µg g-1 ) were found to be the highest in stalk extracts in the two varieties in 2017. All extracts had inhibitory effect on Gram-positive bacteria. Stalk extract of Zr showed higher inhibition rate (86%) on swarming motility. Stalk samples of Zr collected in 2017 and 2018 also reduced biofilm formation by 75 and 73%, respectively. The computational analysis revealed that one of the major component of the extracts, chlorogenic acid, was able to bind to the QS system receptors, LasR, RhlR, and PqsR. Therefore, the mechanism of decreasing the production of virulence factors by the extracts might be through inhibiting these receptors and thus interfering with the QS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Önem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - H C Sarısu
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock, Fruit Research Institute, Isparta, Turkey
| | - A G Özaydın
- YETEM-Innovative Technology Application and Research Center, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - M T Muhammed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - A Ak
- Vocational School of Health Services, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Effects of the Quinone Oxidoreductase WrbA on Escherichia coli Biofilm Formation and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060919. [PMID: 34204135 PMCID: PMC8229589 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of natural compounds on biofilm formation have been extensively studied, with the goal of identifying biofilm formation antagonists at sub-lethal concentrations. Salicylic and cinnamic acids are some examples of these compounds that interact with the quinone oxidoreductase WrbA, a potential biofilm modulator and an antibiofilm compound biomarker. However, WrbA’s role in biofilm development is still poorly understood. To investigate the key roles of WrbA in biofilm maturation and oxidative stress, Escherichia coli wild-type and ∆wrbA mutant strains were used. Furthermore, we reported the functional validation of WrbA as a molecular target of salicylic and cinnamic acids. The lack of WrbA did not impair planktonic growth, but rather affected the biofilm formation through a mechanism that depends on reactive oxygen species (ROS). The loss of WrbA function resulted in an ROS-sensitive phenotype that showed reductions in biofilm-dwelling cells, biofilm thickness, matrix polysaccharide content, and H2O2 tolerance. Endogenous oxidative events in the mutant strain generated a stressful condition to which the bacterium responded by increasing the catalase activity to compensate for the lack of WrbA. Cinnamic and salicylic acids inhibited the quinone oxidoreductase activity of purified recombinant WrbA. The effects of these antibiofilm molecules on WrbA function was proven for the first time.
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MASKE BL, PEREIRA GVDM, CARVALHO NETO DPD, LINDNER JDD, LETTI LAJ, PAGNONCELLI MG, SOCCOL CR. Presence and persistence of Pseudomonas sp. during Caspian Sea-style spontaneous milk fermentation highlights the importance of safety and regulatory concerns for traditional and ethnic foods. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.15620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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18
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A novel bacteriocin from Lactobacillus salivarius against Staphylococcus aureus: Isolation, purification, identification, antibacterial and antibiofilm activity. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Dula S, Ajayeoba TA, Ijabadeniyi OA. Bacterial biofilm formation on stainless steel in the food processing environment and its health implications. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021; 66:293-302. [PMID: 33768506 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm formation (BF) and production in the food processing industry (FPI) is a continual threat to food safety and quality. Various bacterial pathogens possess the ability to adhere and produce biofilms on stainless steel (SS) in the FPI due to flagella, curli, pili, fimbrial adhesins, extra polymeric substances, and surface proteins. The facilitating environmental conditions (temperature, pressure, variations in climatic conditions), SS properties (surface energy, hydrophobicity, surface roughness, topography), type of raw food materials, pre-processing, and processing conditions play a significant role in the enhancement of bacterial adhesion and favorable condition for BF. Furthermore, biofilm formers can tolerate different sanitizers and cleaning agents due to the constituents, concentration, contact time, bacterial cluster distribution, and composition of bacteria within the biofilm. Also, bacterial biofilms' ability to produce various endotoxins and exotoxins when consumed cause food infections and intoxications with serious health implications. It is thus crucial to understand BF's repercussions and develop effective interventions against these phenomena that make persistent pathogens difficult to remove in the food processing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Dula
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Titilayo Adenike Ajayeoba
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa. .,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Adeleke University, Ede, Nigeria.
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20
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Liu S, Wang B, Sui Z, Wang Z, Li L, Zhen X, Zhao W, Zhou G. Faster Detection of Staphylococcus aureus in Milk and Milk Powder by Flow Cytometry. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2021; 18:346-353. [PMID: 33667125 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A flow cytometry (FCM)-based method was developed for the faster detection of Staphylococcus aureus in milk and milk powder. Viable S. aureus cells were recognized by highly selective, fluorescently labeled antibodies and Propidium Iodide, and then analyzed by FCM. Using a 5-h pre-enrichment period, the method could detect low numbers of S. aureus cells in 6 h, with a limit of detection of 7.50 cells/mL in milk and 8.30 cells/g in milk powder. The established method was compared with the plate-based method using 75 ultra-high-temperature-treated milk samples, 25 pasteurized milk samples, 66 raw milk samples, and 123 milk powder samples. The two methods yielded similar results for the detection of the pathogen in all sample types. The FCM-based method allows effective and faster monitoring of S. aureus contamination and can be applied to the rapid detection of microorganisms in milk and dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Liu
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Sui
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Ziquan Wang
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Longquan Li
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China.,School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhen
- Institute of Chemical Analysis and Biomedicine, Beijing Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Supervision, Nantong Customs, Nantong, China
| | - Guoping Zhou
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
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21
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Gong H, He L, Zhao Z, Mao X, Zhang C. The specific effect of (R)-(+)-pulegone on growth and biofilm formation in multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli and molecular mechanisms underlying the expression of pgaABCD genes. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 134:111149. [PMID: 33385683 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
E. coli is associated with high rates of infection and resistance to drugs not only in China but also the rest of the world. In addition, the number of E. coli biofilm infections continue to increase with time. Notably, biofilms are attractive targets for the prevention of infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Moreover, the pgaABCD-encoded Poly-β-1,6-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (PNAG) plays an important role in biofilm formation. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the specific effect of the (R)-(+)-pulegone (PU) on growth and biofilm formation in multi-drug resistant E. coli. The molecular mechanisms involved were also examined. The results showed that PU had significant antibacterial and antibiofilm formation activity against E. coli K1, with MIC and MBC values of 23.68 and 47.35 mg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, the maximum inhibition rate for biofilm formation in the bacterium was 52.36 % at 94.70 mg/mL of PU. qRT-PCR data showed that PU significantly down-regulated expression of the pgaABCD genes (P < 0.05). PU was also broadly effective against biofilm formation in MG1655 and MG1655/ΔpgaABCD, exhibiting the maximum inhibition rates were 98.23 % and 93.35 %, respectively. In addition, PU destroyed pre-formed mature biofilm in both MG1655 and MG1655/ΔpgaABCD about 95.03 % and 92.4 %, respectively. The study therefore verified that pgaA was a potential and key target for PU in E. coli although it was not the only one. Overall, the findings indicated that PU is a potential and novel inhibitor of drug resistance, This therefore gives insights on new ways of preventing and treating biofilm-associated infections in the food industry as well as in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Gong
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi District, No. 118 Henan West Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China.
| | - Lijuan He
- College of Public Health of Xinjiang Medical University, Shuimogou District, No. 567 Shangde North Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China.
| | - Zhilong Zhao
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi District, No. 118 Henan West Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China.
| | - Xinmin Mao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Discipline of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Autonomous Region from Xinjiang Medical University, Shuimogou District, No. 567 Shangde North Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China.
| | - Chen Zhang
- Xinjiang Medical University, Shuimogou District, No. 567 Shangde North Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China.
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22
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Kim YJ, Yu HH, Park YJ, Lee, NK, Paik HD. Anti-Biofilm Activity of Cell-Free Supernatant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae against Staphylococcus aureus. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:1854-1861. [PMID: 32958735 PMCID: PMC9728167 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2008.08053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common microorganisms and causes foodborne diseases. In particular, biofilm-forming S. aureus is more resistant to antimicrobial agents and sanitizing treatments than planktonic cells. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the anti-biofilm effects of cell-free supernatant (CFS) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from cucumber jangajji compared to grapefruit seed extract (GSE). CFS and GSE inhibited and degraded S. aureus biofilms. The adhesion ability, auto-aggregation, and exopolysaccharide production of CFS-treated S. aureus, compared to those of the control, were significantly decreased. Moreover, biofilm-related gene expression was altered upon CFS treatment. Scanning electron microscopy images confirmed that CFS exerted anti-biofilm effects against S. aureus. Therefore, these results suggest that S. cerevisiae CFS has anti-biofilm potential against S. aureus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Jin Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Hee Yu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Jin Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Kyoung Lee,
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-2-2049-6011 Fax: +82-2-455-3082 E-mail:
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de Melo Pereira GV, de Carvalho Neto DP, Maske BL, De Dea Lindner J, Vale AS, Favero GR, Viesser J, de Carvalho JC, Góes-Neto A, Soccol CR. An updated review on bacterial community composition of traditional fermented milk products: what next-generation sequencing has revealed so far? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1870-1889. [PMID: 33207956 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1848787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has revolutionized the way to investigate the microbial diversity in traditional fermentations. In the field of food microbial ecology, different NGS platforms have been used for community analysis, including 454 pyrosequencing from Roche, Illumina's instruments and Thermo Fisher's SOLiD/Ion Torrent sequencers. These recent platforms generate information about millions of rDNA amplicons in a single running, enabling accurate phylogenetic resolution of microbial taxa. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the application of NGS for microbiome analysis of traditional fermented milk products worldwide. Fermented milk products covered in this review include kefir, buttermilk, koumiss, dahi, kurut, airag, tarag, khoormog, lait caillé, and suero costeño. Lactobacillus-mainly represented by Lb. helveticus, Lb. kefiranofaciens, and Lb. delbrueckii-is the most important and frequent genus with 51 reported species. In general, dominant species detected by culturing were also identified by NGS. However, NGS studies have revealed a more complex bacterial diversity, with estimated 400-600 operational taxonomic units, comprising uncultivable microorganisms, sub-dominant populations, and late-growing species. This review explores the importance of these discoveries and address related topics on workflow, NGS platforms, and knowledge bioinformatics devoted to fermented milk products. The knowledge that has been gained is vital in improving the monitoring, manipulation, and safety of these traditional fermented foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto V de Melo Pereira
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Dão Pedro de Carvalho Neto
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruna L Maske
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliano De Dea Lindner
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Alexander S Vale
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Gabriel R Favero
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Viesser
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Júlio C de Carvalho
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Aristóteles Góes-Neto
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Soccol
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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The Role of Bacterial Biofilm in Antibiotic Resistance and Food Contamination. Int J Microbiol 2020; 2020:1705814. [PMID: 32908520 PMCID: PMC7468660 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1705814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm is a microbial association or community attached to different biotic or abiotic surfaces or environments. These surface-attached microbial communities can be found in food, medical, industrial, and natural environments. Biofilm is a critical problem in the medical sector since it is formed on medical implants within human tissue and involved in a multitude of serious chronic infections. Food and food processing surface become an ideal environment for biofilm formation where there are sufficient nutrients for microbial growth and attachment. Therefore, biofilm formation on these surfaces, especially on food processing surface becomes a challenge in food safety and human health. Microorganisms within a biofilm are encased within a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances that can act as a barrier and recalcitrant for different hostile conditions such as sanitizers, antibiotics, and other hygienic conditions. Generally, they persist and exist in food processing environments where they become a source of cross-contamination and foodborne diseases. The other critical issue with biofilm formation is their antibiotic resistance which makes medication difficult, and they use different physical, physiological, and gene-related factors to develop their resistance mechanisms. In order to mitigate their production and develop controlling methods, it is better to understand growth requirements and mechanisms. Therefore, the aim of this review article is to provide an overview of the role of bacterial biofilms in antibiotic resistance and food contamination and emphasizes ways for controlling its production.
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25
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Nkemngong CA, Voorn MG, Li X, Teska PJ, Oliver HF. A rapid model for developing dry surface biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa for in vitro disinfectant efficacy testing. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2020; 9:134. [PMID: 32807240 PMCID: PMC7430009 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-020-00792-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial biofilms persistent on dry environmental surfaces in healthcare facilities play an important role in the occurrence of healthcare associated infections (HAI). Compared to wet surface biofilms and planktonic bacteria, dry surface biofilms (DSB) are more tolerant to disinfection. However, there is no official method for developing DSB for in vitro disinfectant efficacy testing. The objectives of this study were to (i) develop an in vitro model of DSB of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa for disinfectant efficacy testing and (ii) investigate the effect of drying times and temperatures on DSB development. We hypothesized that a minimum six log10 density of DSB could be achieved on glass coupons by desiccating wet surface biofilms near room temperatures. We also hypothesized that a DSB produced by the model in this study will be encased in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Methods S. aureus ATCC-6538 and P. aeruginosa ATCC-15442 wet surface biofilms were grown on glass coupons following EPA MLB SOP MB-19. A DSB model was developed by drying coupons in an incubator and viable bacteria were recovered following a modified version of EPA MLB SOP MB-20. Scanning electron microscopy was used to confirm the EPS presence on DSB. Results Overall, a minimum of six mean log10 densities of DSB for disinfectant efficacy were recovered per coupon after drying at different temperatures and drying times. Regardless of strain, temperature and dry time, 86% of coupons with DSB were confirmed to have EPS. Conclusion A rapid model for developing DSB with characteristic EPS was developed for disinfectant efficacy testing against DSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine A Nkemngong
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Maxwell G Voorn
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Xiaobao Li
- Diversey Inc., Charlotte, NC, 28273, USA
| | | | - Haley F Oliver
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Muhammad MH, Idris AL, Fan X, Guo Y, Yu Y, Jin X, Qiu J, Guan X, Huang T. Beyond Risk: Bacterial Biofilms and Their Regulating Approaches. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:928. [PMID: 32508772 PMCID: PMC7253578 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are complex surface attached communities of bacteria held together by self-produced polymer matrixs mainly composed of polysaccharides, secreted proteins, and extracellular DNAs. Bacterial biofilm formation is a complex process and can be described in five main phases: (i) reversible attachment phase, where bacteria non-specifically attach to surfaces; (ii) irreversible attachment phase, which involves interaction between bacterial cells and a surface using bacterial adhesins such as fimbriae and lipopolysaccharide (LPS); (iii) production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) by the resident bacterial cells; (iv) biofilm maturation phase, in which bacterial cells synthesize and release signaling molecules to sense the presence of each other, conducing to the formation of microcolony and maturation of biofilms; and (v) dispersal/detachment phase, where the bacterial cells depart biofilms and comeback to independent planktonic lifestyle. Biofilm formation is detrimental in healthcare, drinking water distribution systems, food, and marine industries, etc. As a result, current studies have been focused toward control and prevention of biofilms. In an effort to get rid of harmful biofilms, various techniques and approaches have been employed that interfere with bacterial attachment, bacterial communication systems (quorum sensing, QS), and biofilm matrixs. Biofilms, however, also offer beneficial roles in a variety of fields including applications in plant protection, bioremediation, wastewater treatment, and corrosion inhibition amongst others. Development of beneficial biofilms can be promoted through manipulation of adhesion surfaces, QS and environmental conditions. This review describes the events involved in bacterial biofilm formation, lists the negative and positive aspects associated with bacterial biofilms, elaborates the main strategies currently used to regulate establishment of harmful bacterial biofilms as well as certain strategies employed to encourage formation of beneficial bacterial biofilms, and highlights the future perspectives of bacterial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tianpei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences & College of Plant Protection & International College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Adnan M, Patel M, Deshpande S, Alreshidi M, Siddiqui AJ, Reddy MN, Emira N, De Feo V. Effect of Adiantum philippense Extract on Biofilm Formation, Adhesion With Its Antibacterial Activities Against Foodborne Pathogens, and Characterization of Bioactive Metabolites: An in vitro-in silico Approach. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:823. [PMID: 32477292 PMCID: PMC7237743 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiantum philippense (A. philippense), an ethnomedicinally important fern, has become an interesting herb in the search for novel bioactive metabolites, which can also be used as therapeutic agents. Primarily, in this study, A. philippense crude extract was screened for its phytochemical constituents, antagonistic potential, and effect on bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation against common food pathogens. Phytochemical profiling of A. philippense was carried out by using High Resolution-Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy (HR-LCMS) followed by antibacterial activity via agar cup/well diffusion, broth microdilution susceptibility methods, and growth curve analysis. Antibiofilm potency and efficacy were assessed on the development, formation, and texture of biofilms through light microscopy, fluorescent microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and the assessment of exopolysaccharide production. Correspondingly, a checkerboard test was performed to evaluate the combinatorial effect of A. philippense and chloramphenicol. Lastly, molecular docking studies of identified phytochemicals with adhesin proteins of tested food pathogens, which helps the bacteria in surface attachment and leads to biofilm formation, were assessed. A. philippense crude extract was found to be active against all tested food pathogens, displaying the rapid time-dependent kinetics of bacterial killing. A. philippense crude extract also impedes the biofilm matrix by reducing the total content of exopolysaccharide, and, likewise, the microscopic images revealed a great extent of disruption in the architecture of biofilms. A synergy was observed between A. philippense crude extract and chloramphenicol for E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa, whereas an additive effect was observed for S. flexneri. Various bioactive phytochemicals were categorized from A. philippense crude extract using HR-LCMS. The molecular docking of these identified phytochemicals was interrelated with the active site residues of adhesin proteins, IcsA, Sortase A, OprD, EspA, and FimH from S. flexneri, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli, respectively. Thus, our findings represent the bioactivity and potency of A. philippense crude extract against food pathogens not only in their planktonic forms but also against/in biofilms for the first time. We have also correlated these findings with the possible mechanism of biofilm inhibition via targeting adhesin proteins, which could be explored further to design new bioactive compounds against biofilm producing foodborne bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mitesh Patel
- Department of Biosciences, Bapalal Vaidya Botanical Research Centre, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, India
| | - Sumukh Deshpande
- Central Biotechnology Services, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Mousa Alreshidi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mandadi Narsimha Reddy
- Department of Biosciences, Bapalal Vaidya Botanical Research Centre, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, India
| | - Noumi Emira
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, Italy
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Yu HH, Song YJ, Yu HS, Lee NK, Paik HD. Investigating the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of cinnamaldehyde against Campylobacter spp. using cell surface characteristics. J Food Sci 2020; 85:157-164. [PMID: 31909483 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter species are known as biofilm-forming bacteria in food systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of cinnamaldehyde against Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from chicken meat. The biofilm-forming C. jejuni and C. coli strains from chicken meat were investigated using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Campylobacter spp. characteristics. The MIC value was 31.25 µg/mL for the Campylobacter strains tested. Cinnamaldehyde had an inhibition and degradation effect on Campylobacter biofilms at concentrations > 15.63 µg/mL. Campylobacter strains treated with 15.63 µg/mL CA exhibited significantly decreased autoaggregation, motility, exopolysaccharide production, and soluble protein. In addition, Campylobacter biofilms formed on stainless steel were degraded following cinnamaldehyde treatment, as determined by scanning electron microscopy. Taken together, these results suggest that cinnamaldehyde constitutes a potential natural preservative against Campylobacter and a nontoxic biofilm remover that could be applied to control food poisoning in the poultry manufacturing-related food industry. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Cinnamaldehyde was able to effectively remove the biofilm of Campylobacter in the small crack of stainless steel. Cinnamaldehyde has a potential to replace the synthetic antimicrobial and/or antibiofilm agent as well as has a positive influence on consumer concern for the food safety issues of the poultry industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan Hee Yu
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk Univ., Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Ji Song
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk Univ., Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Yu
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk Univ., Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Kyoung Lee
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk Univ., Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk Univ., Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
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Aryal M, Muriana PM. Efficacy of Commercial Sanitizers Used in Food Processing Facilities for Inactivation of Listeria Monocytogenes, E. Coli O157:H7, and Salmonella Biofilms. Foods 2019; 8:E639. [PMID: 31817159 PMCID: PMC6963748 DOI: 10.3390/foods8120639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria entrapped in biofilms are a source of recurring problems in food processing environments. We recently developed a robust, 7-day biofilm microplate protocol for creating biofilms with strongly adherent strains of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella serovars that could be used to examine the effectiveness of various commercial sanitizers. Listeria monocytogenes 99-38, E.coli O157:H7 F4546, and Salmonella Montevideo FSIS 051 were determined from prior studies to be good biofilm formers and could be recovered and enumerated from biofilms following treatment with trypsin. Extended biofilms were generated by cycles of growth and washing daily, for 7 days, to remove planktonic cells. We examined five different sanitizers (three used at two different concentrations) for efficacy against the three pathogenic biofilms. Quaternary ammonium chloride (QAC) and chlorine-based sanitizers were the least effective, showing partial inhibition of the various biofilms within 2 h (1-2 log reduction). The best performing sanitizer across all three pathogens was a combination of modified QAC, hydrogen peroxide, and diacetin which resulted in ~6-7 log reduction, reaching levels below our limit of detection (LOD) within 1-2.5 min. All treatments were performed in triplicate replication and analyzed by one way repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) to determine significant differences (p < 0.05) in the response to sanitizer treatment over time. Analysis of 7-day biofilms by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) suggests the involvement of extracellular polysaccharides with Salmonella and E. coli, which may make their biofilms more impervious to sanitizers than L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Aryal
- Robert M. Kerr Food & Agricultural Products Center, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-6055, USA;
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-6055, USA
| | - Peter M. Muriana
- Robert M. Kerr Food & Agricultural Products Center, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-6055, USA;
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-6055, USA
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Pereira LAS, Oliveira MMMD, Martins HHDA, Vale LAD, Isidoro SR, Botrel DA, Piccoli RH. Sanitizing cinnamaldehyde solutions against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms formed on stainless steel surfaces. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.14418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen capable of forming biofilms of great relevance to medical microbiology and the food industry. Essential oil (EOs) constituents have been researched as new strategies for the control of biofilms. In the present study cinnamaldehyde was shown to be an effective EO against the planktonic cells of P. aeruginosa strains (p < 0.05). Thus it was used to prepare sanitizing solutions, which were tested against P. aeruginosa biofilms formed on stainless steel surfaces. Cinnamaldehyde showed antibacterial activity against sessile P. aeruginosa cells (p < 0.05). A 100% (5.87 log-reduction) elimination of viable bacterial cells was obtained after treatment with a 6xMIC (0.06% Minimal Inhibitory Concentration) solution for the strain ATCC 9027. Sanitizing cinnamaldehyde solutions can be used as new alternatives to control such microbial sessile communities in food industries.
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