Analysis of physiochemical composition and antioxidant properties between hulls of the genetically modified glyphosate-tolerant soybean and northeast soybean

Innovative strategies for valorization of byproducts from soybean industry: A review on status, challenges, and sustainable approaches towards zero-waste processing systems

The agro-food supply chain generates significant quantities of waste and byproducts globally, influenced by regional socioeconomic conditions, policy frameworks, and environmental concerns. The soybean industry generates various byproducts during the production processes of oil, soy milk, tofu, soy yogurt, edamame, miso, tempeh, natto, and soy sauce, presenting both challenges and opportunities for sustainable valorization. The review aims to outline the composition, status, and potential applications of key byproducts within the soybean industry including soy okara, soy whey, soy hull, soy meal, and lecithin, elucidating innovative strategies for their comprehensive valorization. The goal is to establish a sustainable zero-waste processing system by effectively utilizing these byproducts. This review explores emerging biotechnological advancements and eco-friendly processes aimed at maximizing resource recovery through the valorization of these soy byproducts. Various commercially viable products derived from repurposing the carbohydrate and protein fractions of diverse soy byproducts are highlighted. Additionally, a cutting-edge framework is proposed, advocating for the establishment of a zero-waste system within the soybean processing sector, emphasizing integrated biorefinery technologies, circular economy strategies, and sustainability principles. The framework proposed encompasses maximizing okara utilization, extracting value-added products, and implementing a closed-loop byproduct management approach within collaborative supply chains. Despite promising prospects, challenges such as anti-nutrients, viscosity and solubility of soy powder, and environmental impact must be addressed. This study could inspire further research into innovative technologies for the comprehensive and integrated valorization of soy byproducts, aiming to mitigate food waste and enhance the sustainability of the soybean industry.

Effects of soyhulls with different particle size on the growth performance, blood indices and gut microbiota of yellow feather broilers

1. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of soyhulls with different particle sizes on the growth performance, blood indices and gut microbiota of yellow feather broilers.2. Total of 240 healthy, one-day-old, yellow feather broilers were randomly divided into four groups, with six pen replicates within each group and ten birds per pen. The control group birds were fed the basal diet (Control). For the treatment groups, 5% soyhulls with different particle sizes were included in the basal diet. The particle size geometric mean diameters (dgw) of the soyhulls in the three treatment groups were 299.69 μm (LowPS), 489.85 μm (MediumPS) and 734.83 μm (HighPS) with geometric standard deviation (Sgw) 1.75 μm, 1.62 μm and 1.67 μm, respectively.3. Results showed that the growth performance variables and organ indices were not different among the four groups. The MediumPS group had increased TG, T-CHO, ALT, HDL-C, and GSH-PX levels and decreased T-AOC levels, whereas LowPS and HighPS groups had increased HDL-C and GSH-PX levels (p < 0.05). Microbial diversity analysis showed that the intestinal microbiota of yellow feather broilers mainly included Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Inclusion of 5% soyhulls with different particle size had no effect on alpha diversity indices of caecal microbiota. The HighPS group had significantly higher relative abundance of Firmicutes spp. and lower Bacteroidetes spp. compared with the LowPS and MediumPS group but this was not different from the Control group. The relative abundance of Cyanobacteria spp. was significantly higher in the HighPS group than the other three groups. LEfSe analysis showed that there were more enriched biomarker taxa in the groups with soyhulls than the control group.4. Overall, the inclusion of soyhulls with different particle sizes had limited effects on growth performance, blood indices and caecal microbiota composition of yellow feather broilers.