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Jain S, Lamba BY, Dubey SK. Recent advancements in the sensors for food analysis to detect gluten: A mini-review [2019-2023]. Food Chem 2024; 449:139204. [PMID: 38613992 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
People with celiac disease or gluten sensitivity may experience an immune reaction to the protein called gluten, which is present in wheat, barley, and rye. A strict gluten-free diet is the sole cure for these ailments. There are chances of food fraud about the claim of being gluten-free food items. As a result, there is a rising need for trustworthy and precise ways to identify gluten. There are many methods to detect gluten in food samples viz., enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 1 Surface plasmon resonance (SPR), Electrochemical sensors, Fluorescence-based sensors, etc. The use of sensors is one of the most promising methods for gluten detection. For detecting gluten, a variety of sensors, including optical, electrochemical, and biosensors, have been developed with different limits of detection and sensitivity. The present review reports the recent advancements (2019-2023) in the development of sensors for gluten detection in food. We may conclude that sensitivity and limit of detection are not related to the type of sensor used (aptamer or antibody-based), however, there are advancements, with the year, on the simplicity of the material used like paper-based sensors and paradigm shift to reagent free sensors by the spectral analysis. Also, recent work shows the potential of IoT-based studies for gluten detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Jain
- Applied Science Cluster (Chemistry), School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun 248007, India.
| | - Bhawna Yadav Lamba
- Applied Science Cluster (Chemistry), School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Dubey
- Applied Science Cluster (Chemistry), School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun 248007, India
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2
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Wen N, Osorio CE, Brew-Appiah RAT, Mejías JH, Alam T, Kashyap S, Reinbothe S, Reinbothe C, Moehs CP, von Wettstein D, Rustgi S. Targeting Induced Local Lesions in the Wheat DEMETER and DRE2 Genes, Responsible for Transcriptional Derepression of Wheat Gluten Proteins in the Developing Endosperm. Front Nutr 2022; 9:847635. [PMID: 35308262 PMCID: PMC8928260 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.847635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat is a major source of energy and nutrition worldwide, but it is also a primary cause of frequent diet-induced health issues, specifically celiac disease, for which the only effective therapy so far is strict dietary abstinence from gluten-containing grains. Wheat gluten proteins are grouped into two major categories: high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMWgs), vital for mixing and baking properties, and gliadins plus low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMWgs) that contain the overwhelming majority of celiac-causing epitopes. We put forth a hypothesis that eliminating gliadins and LMWgs while retaining HMWgs might allow the development of reduced-immunogenicity wheat genotypes relevant to most gluten-sensitive individuals. This hypothesis stems from the knowledge that the molecular structures and regulatory mechanisms of the genes encoding the two groups of gluten proteins are quite different, and blocking one group's transcription, without affecting the other's, is possible. The genes for gliadins and LMWgs have to be de-methylated by 5-methylcytosine DNA glycosylase/lyase (DEMETER) and an iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster biogenesis enzyme (DRE2) early during endosperm development to permit their transcription. In this study, a TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes) approach was undertaken to identify mutations in the homoeologous DEMETER (DME) and DRE2 genes in common and durum wheat. Lines with mutations in these genes were obtained that displayed reduced content of immunogenic gluten proteins while retaining essential baking properties. Although our data at first glance suggest new possibilities for treating celiac disease and are therefore of medical and agronomical interest, it also shows that inducing mutations in the DME and DRE2 genes analyzed here affected pollen viability and germination. Hence there is a need to develop other approaches in the future to overcome this undesired effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuan Wen
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Claudia E. Osorio
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Carillanca, Temuco, Chile
| | - Rhoda A. T. Brew-Appiah
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Jaime H. Mejías
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Carillanca, Temuco, Chile
| | - Tariq Alam
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, School of Health Research, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Centre, Florence, SC, United States
| | - Samneet Kashyap
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, School of Health Research, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Centre, Florence, SC, United States
| | - Steffen Reinbothe
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Plantes, Université Grenoble-Alpes, BP53F, Grenoble, France
| | - Christiane Reinbothe
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Plantes, Université Grenoble-Alpes, BP53F, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Diter von Wettstein
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Sachin Rustgi
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, School of Health Research, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Centre, Florence, SC, United States
- *Correspondence: Sachin Rustgi
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Osorio CE, Wen N, Mejías JH, Mitchell S, von Wettstein D, Rustgi S. Directed-Mutagenesis of Flavobacterium meningosepticum Prolyl-Oligopeptidase and a Glutamine-Specific Endopeptidase From Barley. Front Nutr 2020; 7:11. [PMID: 32133368 PMCID: PMC7040222 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat gluten proteins are the known cause of celiac disease. The repetitive tracts of proline and glutamine residues in these proteins make them exceptionally resilient to digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. These indigested peptides trigger immune reactions in susceptible individuals, which could be either an allergic reaction or celiac disease. Gluten exclusion diet is the only approved remedy for such disorders. Recently, a combination of a glutamine specific endoprotease from barley (EP-B2), and a prolyl endopeptidase from Flavobacterium meningosepticum (Fm-PEP), when expressed in the wheat endosperm, were shown to reasonably detoxify immunogenic gluten peptides under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. However useful, these "glutenases" are limited in application due to their denaturation at high temperatures, which most of the food processes require. Variants of these enzymes from thermophilic organisms exist, but cannot be applied directly due to their optimum activity at temperatures higher than 37°C. Though, these enzymes can serve as a reference to guide the evolution of peptidases of mesophilic origin toward thermostability. Therefore, a sequence guided site-saturation mutagenesis approach was used here to introduce mutations in the genes encoding Fm-PEP and EP-B2. A thermostable variant of Fm-PEP capable of surviving temperatures up to 90°C and EP-B2 variant with a thermostability of up 60°C were identified using this approach. However, the level of thermostability achieved is not sufficient; the present study has provided evidence that the thermostability of glutenases can be improved. And this pilot study has paved the way for more detailed structural studies in the future to obtain variants of Fm-PEP and EP-B2 that can survive temperatures ~100°C to allow their packing in grains and use of such grains in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia E. Osorio
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- Agriaquaculture Nutritional Genomic Center, Temuco, Chile
| | - Nuan Wen
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Jaime H. Mejías
- Centro Regional de Investigación Carillanca, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA, Temuco, Chile
| | - Shannon Mitchell
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Diter von Wettstein
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Sachin Rustgi
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Florence, SC, United States
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Sharma N, Bhatia S, Chunduri V, Kaur S, Sharma S, Kapoor P, Kumari A, Garg M. Pathogenesis of Celiac Disease and Other Gluten Related Disorders in Wheat and Strategies for Mitigating Them. Front Nutr 2020; 7:6. [PMID: 32118025 PMCID: PMC7020197 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat is a major cereal crop providing energy and nutrients to the billions of people around the world. Gluten is a structural protein in wheat, that is necessary for its dough making properties, but it is responsible for imparting certain intolerances among some individuals, which are part of this review. Most important among these intolerances is celiac disease, that is gluten triggered T-cell mediated autoimmune enteropathy and results in villous atrophy, inflammation and damage to intestinal lining in genetically liable individuals containing human leukocyte antigen DQ2/DQ8 molecules on antigen presenting cells. Celiac disease occurs due to presence of celiac disease eliciting epitopes in gluten, particularly highly immunogenic alpha-gliadins. Another gluten related disorder is non-celiac gluten-sensitivity in which innate immune-response occurs in patients along with gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal symptoms, that disappear upon removal of gluten from the diet. In wheat allergy, either IgE or non-IgE mediated immune response occurs in individuals after inhalation or ingestion of wheat. Following a life-long gluten-free diet by celiac disease and non-celiac gluten-sensitivity patients is very challenging as none of wheat cultivar or related species stands safe for consumption. Hence, different molecular biology, genetic engineering, breeding, microbial, enzymatic, and chemical strategies have been worked upon to reduce the celiac disease epitopes and the gluten content in wheat. Currently, only 8.4% of total population is affected by wheat-related issues, while rest of population remains safe and should not remove wheat from the diet, based on false media coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Sharma
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Laboratory, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Simran Bhatia
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Laboratory, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Venkatesh Chunduri
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Laboratory, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Satveer Kaur
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Laboratory, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Saloni Sharma
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Laboratory, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Payal Kapoor
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Laboratory, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Anita Kumari
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Laboratory, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Monika Garg
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Laboratory, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
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Rustgi S, Kashyap S, Ankrah N, von Wettstein D. Use of Microspore-Derived Calli as Explants for Biolistic Transformation of Common Wheat. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2124:263-279. [PMID: 32277459 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0356-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
There are specific advantages of using microspores as explants: (1) A small number of explant donors are required to obtain the desired number of pollen embryoids for genetic transformation and (2) microspores constitute a synchronous mass of haploid cells, which are transformable by various means and convertible to doubled haploids therefore allow production of homozygous genotypes in a single generation. Additionally, it has been demonstrated in wheat and other crops that microspores can be easily induced to produce embryoids and biolistic approach to produce a large number of transformants. In view of these listed advantages, we optimized the use of microspore-derived calli for biolistic transformation of wheat. The procedure takes about 6 months to obtain the viable transformants in the spring wheat background. In the present communication, we demonstrated the use of this method to produce the reduced immunogenicity wheat genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Rustgi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, School of Health Research, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Centre, Florence, SC, USA. .,Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - Samneet Kashyap
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, School of Health Research, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Centre, Florence, SC, USA
| | - Nii Ankrah
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Diter von Wettstein
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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Osorio CE, Mejías JH, Rustgi S. Gluten Detection Methods and Their Critical Role in Assuring Safe Diets for Celiac Patients. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2920. [PMID: 31810336 PMCID: PMC6949940 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease, wheat sensitivity, and allergy represent three different reactions, which may occur in genetically predisposed individuals on the ingestion of wheat and derived products with various manifestations. Improvements in the disease diagnostics and understanding of disease etiology unveiled that these disorders are widespread around the globe affecting about 7% of the population. The only known treatment so far is a life-long gluten-free diet, which is almost impossible to follow because of the contamination of allegedly "gluten-free" products. Accidental contamination of inherently gluten-free products could take place at any level from field to shelf because of the ubiquity of these proteins/grains. Gluten contamination of allegedly "gluten-free" products is a constant threat to celiac patients and a major health concern. Several detection procedures have been proposed to determine the level of contamination in products for celiac patients. The present article aims to review the advantages and disadvantages of different gluten detection methods, with emphasis on the recent technology that allows identification of the immunogenic-gluten peptides without the use of antibodies. The possibility to detect gluten contamination by different approaches with similar or better detection efficiency in different raw and processed foods will guarantee the safety of the foods for celiac patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia E. Osorio
- Agriaquaculture Nutritional Genomic Center, CGNA, Las Heras 350, Temuco 4781158, Chile
| | - Jaime H. Mejías
- Centro Regional de Investigación Carillanca, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA, Temuco 4880000, Chile
| | - Sachin Rustgi
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, School of Health Research, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Florence, SC 29506, USA
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Rustgi S, Shewry P, Brouns F, Deleu LJ, Delcour JA. Wheat Seed Proteins: Factors Influencing Their Content, Composition, and Technological Properties, and Strategies to Reduce Adverse Reactions. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:1751-1769. [PMID: 33336954 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is the primary source of nutrition for many, especially those living in developing countries, and wheat proteins are among the most widely consumed dietary proteins in the world. However, concerns about disorders related to the consumption of wheat and/or wheat gluten proteins have increased sharply in the last 20 years. This review focuses on wheat gluten proteins and amylase trypsin inhibitors, which are considered to be responsible for eliciting most of the intestinal and extraintestinal symptoms experienced by susceptible individuals. Although several approaches have been proposed to reduce the exposure to gluten or immunogenic peptides resulting from its digestion, none have proven sufficiently effective for general use in coeliac-safe diets. Potential approaches to manipulate the content, composition, and technological properties of wheat proteins are therefore discussed, as well as the effects of using gluten isolates in various food systems. Finally, some aspects of the use of gluten-free commodities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Rustgi
- Dept. of Plant and Environmental Sciences, School of Health Research, Clemson Univ. Pee Dee Research and Education Centre, Florence, SC, U.S.A.,Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA, U.S.A
| | - Peter Shewry
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, U.K
| | - Fred Brouns
- Dept. of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht Univ., Universiteitssingel 50, 6200, MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lomme J Deleu
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan A Delcour
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
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Development of wheat genotypes expressing a glutamine-specific endoprotease from barley and a prolyl endopeptidase from Flavobacterium meningosepticum or Pyrococcus furiosus as a potential remedy to celiac disease. Funct Integr Genomics 2018; 19:123-136. [PMID: 30159724 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-018-0632-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitous nature of prolamin proteins dubbed gluten from wheat and allied cereals imposes a major challenge in the treatment of celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder with no known treatment other than abstinence diet. Administration of hydrolytic glutenases as food supplement is an alternative to deliver the therapeutic agents directly to the small intestine, where sensitization of immune system and downstream reactions take place. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the capacity of wheat grain to express and store hydrolytic enzymes capable of gluten detoxification. For this purpose, wheat scutellar calli were biolistically transformed to generate plants expressing a combination of glutenase genes for prolamin detoxification. Digestion of prolamins with barley endoprotease B2 (EP-HvB2) combined with Flavobacterium meningosepticum prolyl endopeptidase (PE-FmPep) or Pyrococcus furiosus prolyl endopeptidase (PE-PfuPep) significantly reduced (up to 67%) the amount of the indigestible gluten peptides of all prolamin families tested. Seven of the 168 generated lines showed inheritance of transgene to the T2 generation. Reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography of gluten extracts under simulated gastrointestinal conditions allowed the identification of five T2 lines that contained significantly reduced amounts of immunogenic, celiac disease-provoking gliadin peptides. These findings were complemented by the R5 ELISA test results where up to 72% reduction was observed in the content of immunogenic peptides. The developed wheat genotypes open new horizons for treating celiac disease by an intraluminal enzyme therapy without compromising their agronomical performance.
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Hoober JK. Diter von Wettstein (Dietrich Holger Wettstein Ritter von Westersheim): September 20, 1929-April 13, 2017. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 134:107-110. [PMCID: PMC5603627 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0420-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Kocadag Kocazorbaz E, Zihnioglu F. Purification, characterization and the use of recombinant prolyl oligopeptidase from Myxococcus xanthus for gluten hydrolysis. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 129:101-107. [PMID: 27693621 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prolyl oligopeptidase (POP, EC 3.4.21.26) is a cytosolic serine protease that hydrolyses proline containing small peptides. The members of prolyl oligopeptidase family play important roles in many physiological processes such as neurodegenerative diseases, maturation and degradation of peptide hormones. Thus the enzyme has been purified and characterized from various sources to elucidate the potential use as therapeutics. In this study recombinant Myxococcus xanthus prolyl oligopeptidase expressed in E. coli was purified 60.3 fold, using metal-chelate affinity and gel permeation chromatography. The recombinant enzyme had a monomeric molecular weight of 70 kDa. Isoelectric point of the enzyme was found to be approximately 6.3 by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The optimum pH and temperature was estimated as 7.5 and 37 °C, respectively. The purified enzyme was stable in a pH range of 6.0-8.5 and thermally stable up to 37 °C. The Km and Vmax values were 0.2 mM and 3.42 μmol/min/mg. The proteolytic activity was inhibited by active-site inhibitors of serine protease, Z-Pro-Prolinal, PMSF, and metal ions, Cd2+, and Hg2+. Furthermore, the hydrolysis efficiency of the recombinant prolyl oligopeptidase was investigated with wheat gluten.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Figen Zihnioglu
- Ege University, Faculty of Science, Biochemistry Department, 35100 Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
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11
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Sutton KH, Simmons LD, Cummack JB, Roberts SJ. Production of Flours with Reduced Epitope Content Using Milling Technology. Cereal Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-10-15-0208-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H. Sutton
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch Mail Centre, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Lyall D. Simmons
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch Mail Centre, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Jill B. Cummack
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch Mail Centre, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Sarah J. Roberts
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch Mail Centre, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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12
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Comparative studies on physicochemical properties of bovine serum albumin-glucose and bovine serum albumin-mannose conjugates formed via Maillard reaction. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Choung RS, Marietta EV, Van Dyke CT, Brantner TL, Rajasekaran J, Pasricha PJ, Wang T, Bei K, Krishna K, Krishnamurthy HK, Snyder MR, Jayaraman V, Murray JA. Determination of B-Cell Epitopes in Patients with Celiac Disease: Peptide Microarrays. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147777. [PMID: 26824466 PMCID: PMC4732949 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most antibodies recognize conformational or discontinuous epitopes that have a specific 3-dimensional shape; however, determination of discontinuous B-cell epitopes is a major challenge in bioscience. Moreover, the current methods for identifying peptide epitopes often involve laborious, high-cost peptide screening programs. Here, we present a novel microarray method for identifying discontinuous B-cell epitopes in celiac disease (CD) by using a silicon-based peptide array and computational methods. Methods Using a novel silicon-based microarray platform with a multi-pillar chip, overlapping 12-mer peptide sequences of all native and deamidated gliadins, which are known to trigger CD, were synthesized in situ and used to identify peptide epitopes. Results Using a computational algorithm that considered disease specificity of peptide sequences, 2 distinct epitope sets were identified. Further, by combining the most discriminative 3-mer gliadin sequences with randomly interpolated3- or 6-mer peptide sequences, novel discontinuous epitopes were identified and further optimized to maximize disease discrimination. The final discontinuous epitope sets were tested in a confirmatory cohort of CD patients and controls, yielding 99% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Conclusions These novel sets of epitopes derived from gliadin have a high degree of accuracy in differentiating CD from controls, compared with standard serologic tests. The method of ultra-high-density peptide microarray described here would be broadly useful to develop high-fidelity diagnostic tests and explore pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rok Seon Choung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Eric V. Marietta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Carol T. Van Dyke
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Tricia L. Brantner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | | | - Pankaj J. Pasricha
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Tianhao Wang
- Vibrant Sciences LLC, San Carlos, CA, United States of America
| | - Kang Bei
- Vibrant Sciences LLC, San Carlos, CA, United States of America
| | - Karthik Krishna
- Vibrant Sciences LLC, San Carlos, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Melissa R. Snyder
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | | | - Joseph A. Murray
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Dias R, Perez-Gregorio MR, Mateus N, De Freitas V. Interaction study between wheat-derived peptides and procyanidin B3 by mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2015; 194:1304-12. [PMID: 26471686 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tannins have the ability to complex and precipitate proteins, being particularly reactive towards the proline-rich ones. The main structural feature of the wheat peptides responsible for the onset of Celiac Disease (CD) is their high content in proline residues. The aim of this work was to characterize the binding between a common food tannin (procyanidin B3) and different wheat-derived peptidic fractions. For this, seven peptide mixtures were obtained after in vitro digestion of a wheat gliadins crude extract and further characterized by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Several soluble B3-peptide complexes were identified by ESI-MS. The peptides involved in complex formation varied in terms of their size and diversity in CD epitopes. Although binding selectivity of procyanidin B3 towards peptides containing CD epitopes was not found, the major complexes contained or could contain immunoreactive peptides. This study highlights the potential beneficial effects of food polyphenols as a nutritional approach in the modulation of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Dias
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Rosa Perez-Gregorio
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Nuno Mateus
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Victor De Freitas
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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15
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Dias R, Perez-Gregorio R, Mateus N, De Freitas V. The interaction between tannins and gliadin derived peptides in a celiac disease perspective. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02968f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The demonstration that food tannins are able to complex with gliadin-derived peptides, in a way that is dependent on both structural features, highlights their potential as modulators of celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Dias
- LAQV-REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto
- 4169-007 Porto
- Portugal
| | - Rosa Perez-Gregorio
- LAQV-REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto
- 4169-007 Porto
- Portugal
| | - Nuno Mateus
- LAQV-REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto
- 4169-007 Porto
- Portugal
| | - Victor De Freitas
- LAQV-REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto
- 4169-007 Porto
- Portugal
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16
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Gilissen LJ, van der Meer IM, Smulders MJ. Reducing the incidence of allergy and intolerance to cereals. J Cereal Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Analysis of wheat prolamins, the causative agents of celiac sprue, using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Nutrients 2014; 6:1578-97. [PMID: 24739977 PMCID: PMC4011052 DOI: 10.3390/nu6041578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat prolamins, commonly known as "gluten", are a complex mixture of 71-78 proteins, which constitute ~80% of the proteins in the wheat grains and supply 50% of the global dietary protein demand. Prolamins are also responsible for numerous gluten-induced disorders and determine the unique visco-elastic properties of the wheat dough. These properties necessitate the reliable determination of the prolamin composition in wheat grains and their derived products. Therefore, this study examined the impact of HPLC conditions, including column type, column temperature, flow rate, and the gradient of polar and non-polar solvents in the mobile phase, to improve the analytical resolution of prolamins. The following conditions were found optimal for analyses: column temperature 60 °C, flow rate 1.0 mL/min and an elution gradient of 20%-60% of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid + acetonitrile in 60 min. For further improvement of resolution, gliadin and glutenin extracts were analyzed using MALDI-TOF-MS in combination with HPLC fractionation. Two semi-quantitative methods, densitometry of stained polyacrylamide gels and HPLC, were used to determine relative prolamin quantities and the correspondence between the methods was established. The combinatorial gluten analyses approach developed during the present study was used to analyze prolamin profiles of wheat transformants expressing DEMETER silencing artificial microRNA, and the results are discussed.
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18
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Brooks SC, Fischer RL, Huh JH, Eichman BF. 5-methylcytosine recognition by Arabidopsis thaliana DNA glycosylases DEMETER and DML3. Biochemistry 2014; 53:2525-32. [PMID: 24678721 PMCID: PMC4004242 DOI: 10.1021/bi5002294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Methylation of cytosine to 5-methylcytosine
(5mC) is important
for gene expression, gene imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation, and
transposon silencing. Active demethylation in animals is believed
to proceed by DNA glycosylase removal of deaminated or oxidized 5mC.
In plants, 5mC is removed from the genome directly by the DEMETER
(DME) family of DNA glycosylases. Arabidopsis thaliana DME excises 5mC to activate expression of maternally imprinted genes.
Although the related Repressor of Silencing 1 (ROS1) enzyme has been
characterized, the molecular basis for 5mC recognition by DME has
not been investigated. Here, we present a structure–function
analysis of DME and the related DME-like 3 (DML3) glycosylases for
5mC and its oxidized derivatives. Relative to 5mC, DME and DML3 exhibited
robust activity toward 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, limited activity for
5-carboxylcytosine, and no activity for 5-formylcytosine. We used
homology modeling and mutational analysis of base excision and DNA
binding to identify residues important for recognition of 5mC within
the context of DNA and inside the enzyme active site. Our results
indicate that the 5mC binding pocket is composed of residues from
discrete domains and is responsible for discrimination against 5mC
derivatives, and suggest that DME, ROS1, and DML3 utilize subtly different
mechanisms to probe the DNA duplex for cytosine modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja C Brooks
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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19
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Kapazoglou A, Drosou V, Argiriou A, Tsaftaris AS. The study of a barley epigenetic regulator, HvDME, in seed development and under drought. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 13:172. [PMID: 24175960 PMCID: PMC4228467 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-13-172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic factors such as DNA methylation and histone modifications regulate a wide range of processes in plant development. Cytosine methylation and demethylation exist in a dynamic balance and have been associated with gene silencing or activation, respectively. In Arabidopsis, cytosine demethylation is achieved by specific DNA glycosylases, including AtDME (DEMETER) and AtROS1 (REPRESSOR OF SILENCING1), which have been shown to play important roles in seed development. Nevertheless, studies on monocot DNA glycosylases are limited. Here we present the study of a DME homologue from barley (HvDME), an agronomically important cereal crop, during seed development and in response to conditions of drought. RESULTS An HvDME gene, identified in GenBank, was found to encode a protein with all the characteristic modules of DME-family DNA glycosylase proteins. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a high degree of homology to other monocot DME glycosylases, and sequence divergence from the ROS1, DML2 and DML3 orthologues. The HvDME gene contains the 5' and 3' Long Terminal Repeats (LTR) of a Copia retrotransposon element within the 3' downstream region. HvDME transcripts were shown to be present both in vegetative and reproductive tissues and accumulated differentially in different seed developmental stages and in two different cultivars with varying seed size. Additionally, remarkable induction of HvDME was evidenced in response to drought treatment in a drought-tolerant barley cultivar. Moreover, variable degrees of DNA methylation in specific regions of the HvDME promoter and gene body were detected in two different cultivars. CONCLUSION A gene encoding a DNA glycosylase closely related to cereal DME glycosylases was characterized in barley. Expression analysis during seed development and under dehydration conditions suggested a role for HvDME in endosperm development, seed maturation, and in response to drought. Furthermore, differential DNA methylation patterns within the gene in two different cultivars suggested epigenetic regulation of HvDME. The study of a barley DME gene will contribute to our understanding of epigenetic mechanisms operating during seed development and stress response in agronomically important cereal crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliki Kapazoglou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences (INAB), CERTH, Thermi-Thessaloniki GR-57001, Greece
| | - Vicky Drosou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences (INAB), CERTH, Thermi-Thessaloniki GR-57001, Greece
| | - Anagnostis Argiriou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences (INAB), CERTH, Thermi-Thessaloniki GR-57001, Greece
| | - Athanasios S Tsaftaris
- Institute of Applied Biosciences (INAB), CERTH, Thermi-Thessaloniki GR-57001, Greece
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece
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20
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Structural genes of wheat and barley 5-methylcytosine DNA glycosylases and their potential applications for human health. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012. [PMID: 23184965 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1217927109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat supplies about 20% of the total food calories consumed worldwide and is a national staple in many countries. Besides being a key source of plant proteins, it is also a major cause of many diet-induced health issues, especially celiac disease. The only effective treatment for this disease is a total gluten-free diet. The present report describes an effort to develop a natural dietary therapy for this disorder by transcriptional suppression of wheat DEMETER (DME) homeologs using RNA interference. DME encodes a 5-methylcytosine DNA glycosylase responsible for transcriptional derepression of gliadins and low-molecular-weight glutenins (LMWgs) by active demethylation of their promoters in the wheat endosperm. Previous research has demonstrated these proteins to be the major source of immunogenic epitopes. In this research, barley and wheat DME genes were cloned and localized on the syntenous chromosomes. Nucleotide diversity among DME homeologs was studied and used for their virtual transcript profiling. Functional conservation of DME enzyme was confirmed by comparing the motif and domain structure within and across the plant kingdom. Presence and absence of CpG islands in prolamin gene sequences was studied as a hallmark of hypo- and hypermethylation, respectively. Finally the epigenetic influence of DME silencing on accumulation of LMWgs and gliadins was studied using 20 transformants expressing hairpin RNA in their endosperm. These transformants showed up to 85.6% suppression in DME transcript abundance and up to 76.4% reduction in the amount of immunogenic prolamins, demonstrating the possibility of developing wheat varieties compatible for the celiac patients.
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22
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Elli L, Roncoroni L, Hils M, Pasternack R, Barisani D, Terrani C, Vaira V, Ferrero S, Bardella MT. Immunological effects of transglutaminase-treated gluten in coeliac disease. Hum Immunol 2012; 73:992-7. [PMID: 22836039 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.07.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coeliac disease pathogenesis is characterized by an immune response triggered, in genetically predisposed subjects, by ingested gluten and its withdrawal from the diet is the only available therapy. However, enzymatic modification of gluten through the insertion of lysine to avoid antigen presentation could represent a new therapeutical approach for patients. Sixty-six duodenal biopsies from 17 coeliac patients were cultured for 48 h with gluten or enzymatically-modified gluten (treated with human recombinant transglutaminase type 2 or bacterial transglutaminase, with or without lysine). Interferonγ, anti endomisium and anti transglutaminase IgA antibodies, lactate dehydrogenase and transglutaminase activity were measured in the culture medium. Transglutaminase type 2 expression was evaluated on biopsies by immunohistochemistry. Gluten and transglutaminase-treated gluten increased by 13-15 fold interferon γ release, as well as antibodies, transglutaminase activity, and the immunohistochemical expression of transglutaminase type 2. Addition of lysine to the enzymatic modification of gluten normalized interferon γ, antibodies, transglutaminase activity and immunohistochemical expression of transglutaminase type 2. Lactate dehydrogenase did not differ among the studied groups. Enzymatic modification of gluten by transglutaminase plus lysine prevents the immunologic effects on cultured duodenal biopsies from coeliac patients and could be tested as an alternative therapy in coeliac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Elli
- Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Coeliac Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico-Milano, Italy.
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