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Yang Q, Shan C, Zhao B, Liu W, Hai J. The effect of early weight-bearing on bone fusion after triple arthrodesis. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2025; 28:419-429. [PMID: 38229421 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2023.2293646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Triple arthrodesis is an effective method for treating stiff horseshoe feet and severe osteoarthritis. However, it is still a challenge to improve postoperative bone fusion by changing early weight-bearing. This study improved the classical bone remodeling algorithm, established a mathematical relationship between density change rate and mechanical stimulation, and combined it with finite element theory. The proposed algorithm can not only predict the effect of early weight-bearing on triple arthrodesis but also visually demonstrate the change of bone mineral density with time. The analysis results indicated that 2.5% of the initial load was a potential factor leading to bone nonunion, and 50% of the initial load would result in bone resorption. Meanwhile, it was found that 25% of the external load was more conducive to postoperative rehabilitation. The study results have theoretical significance for enhancing the effect of postoperative bone fusion and formulating a more scientific rehabilitation program, thereby supporting patients' postoperative rehabilitation exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Shuimogou District, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chunlong Shan
- Xinjiang Medical University, Shuimogou District, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Xinjiang Medical University, Shuimogou District, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Xinjiang Medical University, Shuimogou District, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jizhe Hai
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Shuimogou District, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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2
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Yanguma-Muñoz N, Bayod J, Cifuentes-De la Portilla C. A single computational model to simulate the three foot-rocker mechanisms of the gait cycle. Sci Rep 2024; 14:29051. [PMID: 39580507 PMCID: PMC11585600 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-77764-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 10/24/2024] [Indexed: 11/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of computational models of the human foot based on finite element analysis offers a promising alternative for understanding the biomechanical internal changes of this structure. However, the evaluation of dynamic scenarios has been challenging. This research aims to design a computational model that accurately simulates foot biomechanics during the stance period of the gait cycle in healthy and flatfoot scenarios. The model is focused on analyzing stress variations in soft tissues such as the plantar fascia and spring ligament to provide valuable insights into the internal biomechanics of the foot. The results were evaluated using maximum principal stress. Validation was performed by measuring clinical angles and comparing the range of motion of foot joints with known values for each phase. Results show that the plantar fascia and spring ligament stress increase during the second and third rockers compared to the first rocker. Additionally, as was expected, flatfoot simulations show stress increments in those evaluated soft tissues, while surgical treatment scenarios contributed to stress reduction in these regions. These findings emphasize the active role of the plantar fascia and spring ligament, particularly during approximately 50% of the stance period when the plantar arch deformity is greater. Results show valuable insights into the internal biomechanics of the foot through computational models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Bayod
- Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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3
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Abdullah M, Hulleck AA, Katmah R, Khalaf K, El-Rich M. Multibody dynamics-based musculoskeletal modeling for gait analysis: a systematic review. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2024; 21:178. [PMID: 39369227 PMCID: PMC11452939 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-024-01458-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Beyond qualitative assessment, gait analysis involves the quantitative evaluation of various parameters such as joint kinematics, spatiotemporal metrics, external forces, and muscle activation patterns and forces. Utilizing multibody dynamics-based musculoskeletal (MSK) modeling provides a time and cost-effective non-invasive tool for the prediction of internal joint and muscle forces. Recent advancements in the development of biofidelic MSK models have facilitated their integration into clinical decision-making processes, including quantitative diagnostics, functional assessment of prosthesis and implants, and devising data-driven gait rehabilitation protocols. Through an extensive search and meta-analysis of over 116 studies, this PRISMA-based systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of different existing multibody MSK modeling platforms, including generic templates, methods for personalization to individual subjects, and the solutions used to address statically indeterminate problems. Additionally, it summarizes post-processing techniques and the practical applications of MSK modeling tools. In the field of biomechanics, MSK modeling provides an indispensable tool for simulating and understanding human movement dynamics. However, limitations which remain elusive include the absence of MSK modeling templates based on female anatomy underscores the need for further advancements in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abdullah
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Abdul Aziz Hulleck
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Rateb Katmah
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Kinda Khalaf
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Marwan El-Rich
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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Talbott HG, Wilkins RA, Brockett CL, Mengoni M. Incorporating pathological gait into patient-specific finite element models of the haemophilic ankle. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024; 23:1607-1616. [PMID: 38763978 PMCID: PMC11436417 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-024-01857-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Haemarthrosis is an inherent clinical feature of haemophilia, a disease characterised by an absence or reduction in clotting proteins. Patients with severe haemophilia experience joint bleeding leading to blood-induced ankle arthropathy (haemarthropathy). Altered biomechanics of the ankle have been reported in people with haemophilia; however, the consequence of this on joint health is little understood. The aim of this study was to assess the changes in joint contact due to haemophilia disease-specific gait features using patient-specific modelling, to better understand the link between biomechanics and joint outcomes. Four, image-based, finite element models of haemophilic ankles were simulated through consecutive events in the stance phase of gait, using both patient-specific and healthy control group (n = 36) biomechanical inputs. One healthy control FE model was simulated through the healthy control stance phase of the gait cycle for a point of comparison. The method developed allowed cartilage contact mechanics to be assessed throughout the loading phase of the gait cycle. This showed areas of increased contact pressure in the medial and lateral regions of the talar dome, which may be linked to collapse in these regions. This method may allow the relationship between structure and function in the tibiotalar joint to be better understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet G Talbott
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- School of Engineering, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Richard A Wilkins
- NIHR Leeds BRC, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Claire L Brockett
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- NIHR Leeds BRC, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Insigneo Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Marlène Mengoni
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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5
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Wu Y, Wang H, Deng C, Guo Y, Zhu X. Cushioning mechanism of the metatarsals during landing for the skateboarding ollie maneuver. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1382161. [PMID: 38712330 PMCID: PMC11070832 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1382161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Skateboarding is an Olympic event with frequent jumping and landing, where the cushioning effect by the foot structure (from the arch, metatarsals, etc.) and damping performance by sports equipment (shoes, insoles, etc.) can greatly affect an athlete's sports performance and lower the risk of limb injury. Skateboarding is characterized by the formation of a "man-shoe-skateboard system," which makes its foot cushioning mechanism different from those of other sports maneuvers, such as basketball vertical jump and gymnastics broad jump. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the cushioning mechanism of the foot structure upon landing on a skateboard. To achieve this, a multibody finite element model of the right foot, shoe, and skateboard was created using Mimics, Geomagic, and ANSYS. Kinetic data from the ollie maneuver were used to determine the plantar pressure and Achilles tendon force at three characteristics (T1, T2, and T3). The stress and strain on the foot and metatarsals (MT1-5) were then simulated. The simulation results had an error of 6.98% compared to actual measurements. During landing, the force exerted on the internal soft tissues tends to increase. The stress and strain variations were highest on MT2, MT3, and MT4. Moreover, the torsion angle of MT1 was greater than those of the other metatarsals. Additionally, the displacements of MT2, MT3, and MT4 were higher than those of the other parts. This research shows that skateboarders need to absorb the ground reaction force through the movements of the MTs for ollie landing. The soft tissues, bones, and ligaments in the front foot may have high risks of injury. The developed model serves as a valuable tool for analyzing the foot mechanisms in skateboarding; furthermore, it is crucial to enhance cushioning for the front foot during the design of skateboard shoes to reduce potential injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaolan Zhu
- Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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Kamal Z, Hekman EEG, Verkerke GJ. A combined musculoskeletal and finite element model of a foot to predict plantar pressure distribution. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2024; 10:035024. [PMID: 38277697 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ad233d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a combined subject-specific numerical and experimental investigation was conducted to explore the plantar pressure of an individual. The research utilized finite element (FE) and musculoskeletal modelling based on computed tomography (CT) images of an ankle-foot complex and three-dimensional gait measurements. Muscle forces were estimated using an individualized multi-body musculoskeletal model in five gait phases. The results of the FE model and gait measurements for the same subject revealed the highest stress concentration of 0.48 MPa in the forefoot, which aligns with previously-reported clinical observations. Additionally, the study found that the encapsulated soft tissue FE model with hyper-elastic properties exhibited higher stresses compared to the model with linear-elastic properties, with maximum ratios of 1.16 and 1.88 MPa in the contact pressure and von-Mises stress, respectively. Furthermore, the numerical simulation demonstrated that the use of an individualized insole caused a reduction of 8.3% in the maximum contact plantar pressure and 14.7% in the maximum von-Mises stress in the encapsulated soft tissue. Overall, the developed model in this investigation holds potential for facilitating further studies on foot pathologies and the improvement of rehabilitation techniques in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Kamal
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Edsko E G Hekman
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsbertus J Verkerke
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
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7
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Liu CD, Hu SJ, Chang SM, Du SC, Xiong WF, Chu YQ. Importance of the Posterior Plate in Three-Column Tibial Plateau Fractures: A Finite Element Analysis and Clinical Validation. Orthop Surg 2024; 16:930-942. [PMID: 38438157 PMCID: PMC10984809 DOI: 10.1111/os.14021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dual-plate fixation was thought to be the gold standard for treating complicated bicondylar tibial plateau fractures, yet it was found to be hard to accommodate the posterior column in three-column fractures. Currently, column-specific fixation is becoming more and more recognized, but no comprehensive investigation has been performed to back it up. Therefore, the objective of this study was to validate the importance of posterior column fixation in the three-column tibial fractures by a finite element (FE) analysis and clinical study. METHODS In FE analysis, three models were developed: the longitudinal triple-plate group (LTPG), the oblique triple-plate group (OTPG), and the dual-plate group (DPG). Three loading scenarios were simulated. The distribution of the displacement and the equivalent von Mises stress (VMS) in each structure was calculated. The comparative measurements including the maximum posterior column collapse (MPCC), the maximum total displacement of the model (MTD), the maximum VMS of cortical posterior column (MPC-VMS), and the maximum VMS located on each group of plates and screws (MPS-VMS). The clinical study evaluated the indicators between the groups with or without the posterior plate, including operation time, blood loss volume, full-weight bearing period, Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Scoring system (HSS), Rasmussen score, and common postoperative complications. RESULTS In the FE analysis, the MPCC, the MPC-VMS, and the MTD were detected in much lower amounts in LTPG and OTPG than in DPG. In comparison with DPG, the LTPG and OTPG had larger MPS-VMS. In the clinical study, 35 cases were included. In the triple-plate (14) and dual-plate (21) groups, the operation took 115.6 min and 100.5 min (p < 0.05), respectively. Blood loss in both groups was 287.0 mL and 206.6 mL (p < 0.05), and the full-weight bearing period was 14.5 weeks and 16.2 weeks (p < 0.05). At the final follow-up, the HSS score was 85.0 in the triple-plate group and 77.5 in the dual-plate (p < 0.05), the Rasmussen score was 24.1 and 21.6 (p < 0.05), there were two cases with reduction loss (9.5%) in the dual-plate group and one case of superficial incision infection found in the triple-plate group. CONCLUSION The posterior implant was beneficial in optimizing the biomechanical stability and functional outcomes in the three-column tibial plateau fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Dong Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sun-Jun Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Min Chang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shou-Chao Du
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Feng Xiong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Qian Chu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Trebbi A, Fougeron N, Payan Y. Definition and evaluation of a finite element model of the human heel for diabetic foot ulcer prevention under shearing loads. Med Eng Phys 2023; 118:104022. [PMID: 37536842 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2023.104022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers are triggered by mechanical loadings applied to the surface of the plantar skin. Strain is considered to play a crucial role in relation to ulcer etiology and can be assessed by Finite Element (FE) modeling. A difficulty in the generation of these models is the choice of the soft tissue material properties. In the literature, many studies attempt to model the behavior of the heel soft tissues by implementing constitutive laws that can differ significantly in terms of mechanical response. Moreover, current FE models lack of proper evaluation techniques that could estimate their ability to simulate realistic strains. In this article, we propose and evaluate a FE model of the human heel for diabetic foot ulcer prevention. Soft tissue constitutive laws are defined through the fitting of experimental stretch-stress curves published in the literature. The model is then evaluated through Digital Volume Correlation (DVC) based on non-rigid 3D Magnetic Resonance Image Registration. The results from FE analysis and DVC show similar strain locations in the fat pad and strain intensities according to the type of applied loads. For additional comparisons, different sets of constitutive models published in the literature are applied into the proposed FE mesh and simulated with the same boundary conditions. In this case, the results in terms of strains show great diversity in locations and intensities, suggesting that more research should be developed to gain insight into the mechanical properties of these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Trebbi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Nolwenn Fougeron
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Yohan Payan
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, 38000, Grenoble, France
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9
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Talbott H, Jha S, Gulati A, Brockett C, Mangwani J, Pegg EC. Clinically useful finite element models of the natural ankle - A review. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2023; 106:106006. [PMID: 37245282 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2023.106006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomechanical simulation of the foot and ankle complex is a growing research area but compared to simulation of joints such as hip and knee, it has been under investigated and lacks consistency in research methodology. The methodology is variable, data is heterogenous and there are no clear output criteria. Therefore, it is very difficult to correlate clinically and draw meaningful inferences. METHODS The focus of this review is finite element simulation of the native ankle joint and we will explore: the different research questions asked, the model designs used, ways the model rigour has been ensured, the different output parameters of interest and the clinical impact and relevance of these studies. FINDINGS The 72 published studies explored in this review demonstrate wide variability in approach. Many studies demonstrated a preference for simplicity when representing different tissues, with the majority using linear isotropic material properties to represent the bone, cartilage and ligaments; this allows the models to be complex in another way such as to include more bones or complex loading. Most studies were validated against experimental or in vivo data, but a large proportion (40%) of studies were not validated at all, which is an area of concern. INTERPRETATION Finite element simulation of the ankle shows promise as a clinical tool for improving outcomes. Standardisation of model creation and standardisation of reporting would increase trust, and enable independent validation, through which successful clinical application of the research could be realised.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shilpa Jha
- University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Aashish Gulati
- Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Claire Brockett
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Elise C Pegg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
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10
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Paterson KL, Kelly LA, Smith MD. Osteoarthritis of the Foot and Ankle. FOOT AND ANKLE BIOMECHANICS 2023:547-563. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-815449-6.00026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2025]
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11
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Moayedi M, Arshi AR, Salehi M, Akrami M, Javadi Asl N, Naemi R. An investigation into the hammer toe effects on the lower extremity mechanics and plantar fascia tension: A case for a vicious cycle and progressive damage. Comput Biol Med 2023; 152:106381. [PMID: 36563541 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hammer toes are one of the common deformities of the forefoot that can lead to compensatory changes during walking in individuals with this condition. Predicting the adverse effects of tissue damage on the performance of other limbs is very important in the prevention of progressive damage. Finite element (FE) and musculoskeletal modeling can be helpful by allowing such effects to be studied in a way where the internal stresses in the tissue could be investigated. Hence, this study aims to investigate the effects of the hammer toe deformity on the lower extremity, especially on the plantar fascia functions. To compare the joint reactions of the hammer toe foot (HTF) and healthy foot (HF), two musculoskeletal models (MSM) of the feet of a healthy individual and that of a participant with hammer toe foot were developed based on gait analysis. A previously validated 3D finite element model which was constructed using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the diabetic participant with the hammer toe deformity was processed at five different events during the stance phase of gait. It was found that the hammer toe deformity makes dorsiflexion of the toes and the windlass mechanism less effective during walking. Specifically, the FE analysis results showed that plantar fascia (PF) in HTF compared to HF played a less dominant role in load bearing with both medial and lateral parts of PF loaded. Also, the results indicated that the stored elastic energy in PF was less in HTF than the HF, which can indicate a higher metabolic cost during walking. Internal stress distribution shows that the majority of ground reaction forces are transmitted through the lateral metatarsals in hammer toe foot, and the probability of fifth metatarsal fracture and also progressive deformity was subsequently increased. The MSM results showed that the joint reaction forces and moments in the hammer toe foot have deviated from normal, where the metatarsophalangeal joint reactions in the hammer toe were less than the values in the healthy foot. This can indicate a vicious cycle of foot deformity, leading to changes in body weight force transmission line, and deviation of joint reactions and plantar fascia function from normal. These in turn lead to increased internal stress concentration, which in turn lead to further foot deformities. This vicious cycle cause progressive damage and can lead to an increase in the risk of ulceration in the diabetic foot.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Moayedi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran.
| | - A R Arshi
- Biomechanics and Sports Engineering Groups, Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran.
| | - M Salehi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran.
| | - M Akrami
- Department of Engineering, College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, UK.
| | - N Javadi Asl
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran.
| | - R Naemi
- Centre for Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Technologies, Staffordshire University, UK.
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12
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Liu W, Li F, He H, Teraili A, Wang X, Wahapu P, Wang C. Biomechanical application of finite elements in the orthopedics of stiff clubfoot. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:1112. [PMID: 36544111 PMCID: PMC9768888 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-06092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of varying the different correction angles of hindfoot osteotomy orthosis on the biomechanical changes of the adjacent joints after triple arthrodesis in adult patients with stiff clubfoot to determine the optimal hindfoot correction angle and provide a biomechanical basis for the correction of hindfoot deformity in patients with stiff clubfoot. METHODS A 26-year-old male patient with a stiff left clubfoot was selected for the study, and his ankle and foot were scanned using dual-source computed tomography. A three-dimensional finite element model of the ankle was established, and after the validity of the model was verified by plantar pressure experiments, triple arthrodesis was simulated to analyze the biomechanical changes of the adjacent joints under the same load with "3°" of posterior varus, "0°" of a neutral position and "3°, 6°, 9°" of valgus as the correction angles. RESULTS The peak plantar pressure calculated by the finite element model of the clubfoot was in good agreement with the actual plantar pressure measurements, with an error of less than 1%. In triple arthrodesis, the peak von Mises stress in the adjacent articular cartilage was significantly different and less than the preoperative stress when the corrected angle of the hindfoot was valgus "6°". In comparison, the peak von Mises stress in the adjacent articular cartilage was not significantly different in varus "3°", neutral "0°", valgus "3°" and valgus "9°" compared with the preoperative stress. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that different angles of hindfoot correction in triple arthrodesis did not increase the peak von Mises stress in the adjacent joints, which may not lead to the development of arthritis in the adjacent joint, and a hindfoot correction angle of "6°" of valgus significantly reduced the peak von Mises stress in the adjacent joints after triple arthrodesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- grid.459346.90000 0004 1758 0312The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Li
- grid.460730.6The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyang He
- grid.460730.6The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Aihelamu Teraili
- grid.460730.6The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Wang
- grid.460730.6The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Paerhati Wahapu
- grid.460730.6The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengwei Wang
- grid.459346.90000 0004 1758 0312The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000 People’s Republic of China
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13
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Malakoutikhah H, de Cesar Netto C, Madenci E, Latt LD. Evaluation of assumptions in foot and ankle biomechanical models. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2022; 100:105807. [PMID: 36370588 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2022.105807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A variety of biomechanical models have been used in studies of foot and ankle disorders. Assumptions about the element types, material properties, and loading and boundary conditions are inherent in every model. It was hypothesized that the choice of these modeling assumptions could have a significant impact on the findings of the model. METHODS We investigated the assumptions made in a number of biomechanical models of the foot and ankle and evaluated their effects on the results of the studies. Specifically, we focused on: (1) element choice for simulation of ligaments and tendons, (2) material properties of ligaments, cortical and trabecular bones, and encapsulating soft tissue, (3) loading and boundary conditions of the tibia, fibula, tendons, and ground support. FINDINGS Our principal findings are: (1) the use of isotropic solid elements to model ligaments and tendons is not appropriate because it allows them to transmit unrealistic bending and twisting moments and compressive forces; (2) ignoring the difference in elastic modulus between cortical and trabecular bones creates non-physiological stress distribution in the bones; (3) over-constraining tibial motion prevents anticipated deformity within the foot when simulating foot deformities, such as progressive collapsing foot deformity; (4) neglecting the Achilles tendon force affects almost all kinetic and kinematic parameters through the foot; (5) the axial force applied to the tibia and fibula is not equal to the ground reaction force due to the presence of tendon forces. INTERPRETATION The predicted outcomes of a foot model are highly sensitive to the model assumptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Malakoutikhah
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Cesar de Cesar Netto
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Erdogan Madenci
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Development and Validation of a Subject-Specific Coupled Model for Foot and Sports Shoe Complex: A Pilot Computational Study. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9100553. [PMID: 36290521 PMCID: PMC9598393 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, footwear serves an essential role in improving athletic performance and decreasing the risk of unexpected injuries in sports games. Finite element (FE) modeling is a powerful tool to reveal the biomechanical interactions between foot and footwear, and establishing a coupled foot-shoe model is the prerequisite. The purpose of this pilot study was to develop and validate a 3D FE coupled model of the foot and sports shoe complex during balanced standing. All major foot and shoe structures were constructed based on the participant’s medical CT images, and 3D gait analysis was conducted to define the loading and boundary conditions. Sensitivity analysis was applied to determine the optimum material property for shoe sole. Both the plantar and shoe sole areas were further divided into four regions for model validation, and the Bland–Altman method was used for consistency analysis between methods. The simulated peak plantar and sole pressure distribution showed good consistency with experimental pressure data, and the prediction errors were all less than 10% during balanced standing with only two exceptions (medial and lateral forefoot regions). Meanwhile, the Bland–Altman analysis demonstrated a good agreement between the two approaches. The sensitivity analysis suggested that shoe sole with Young’s modulus of 2.739 MPa presented the greatest consistency with the measured data in our scenario. The established model could be used for investing the complex biomechanical interactions between the foot and sports shoe and optimizing footwear design, after it has been fully validated in the subsequent works under different conditions.
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15
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Song Y, Shao E, Bíró I, Baker JS, Gu Y. Finite element modelling for footwear design and evaluation: A systematic scoping review. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10940. [PMID: 36247144 PMCID: PMC9563159 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Finite element modelling has become an efficient tool for an in-depth understanding of the foot, footwear biomechanics and footwear optimization. The aim of this paper was to provide an updated overview in relation to the footwear finite element (FE) analysis published since 2000. The paper will attempt to outline the main challenges and research gaps that need confronting in the further development of realistic and accurate models for clinical and industrial applications. English databases of the Web of Science and PubMed were used to search ('finite element' OR 'FEA' OR 'computational model') AND ('shoe' OR 'footwear') until 16 December 2021. Articles that conducted FE analyses on the whole foot and footwear structures were included in this review. Twelve articles met the eligibility criteria, and were grouped into three categories for further analysis, (1) finite element modelling of the foot and high-heeled shoes; (2) finite element modelling of the foot and boot; (3) finite element modelling of the foot and sports shoe. Even though most of the existing foot-shoe FE analyses were performed under certain simplifications and assumptions, they have provided essential contributions in identifying the mechanical response of the foot in casual or athletic footwear. Further to this, the results have provided information in relation to optimizing footwear design to enhance functional performance. Nevertheless, further simulations still present several challenges, including reliable data information for geometry reconstruction, the balance between accurate details and computational cost, accurate representations of material properties, realistic boundary and loading conditions, and thorough model validation. In addition, some research gaps in terms of the coverage of footwear design, the consideration of insole/orthosis and socks, and the internal and external validity of the FE design should be fully covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Doctoral School on Safety and Security Sciences, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Enze Shao
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - István Bíró
- Doctoral School on Safety and Security Sciences, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Julien Steven Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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16
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A novel graded-stiffness footwear device for heel ulcer prevention and treatment: a finite element-based study. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2022; 21:1703-1712. [PMID: 35908097 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-022-01614-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic heel ulceration is a serious, destructive, and costly complication of diabetes. In this study, a novel "graded-stiffness" offloading method was proposed. This method consists of heel support with multi-increasing levels of stiffness materials, to prevent and treat heel ulcers. A three-dimensional finite element model of the heel was used to evaluate the novel "graded-stiffness" orthotic device compared to two existing solutions: (1) an insole with a hole under the active ulcer and (2) an insole with a hole filled with a soft material (elastic modulus of 15 kPa). Volumetric exposure evaluation of internal tissues to stress was performed at two volume-of-interests: (1) the area of the heel soft tissues typically at high risk for ulceration, and (2) the soft tissues surrounding the high-risk area. The models predict that the "graded-stiffness" offloading solution is more effective than existing solutions in distributing and reducing heel internal loads, considering both volume-of-interests. Comparing different material gradient combinations for the offloading support reveals considerable variation of the heel stress distribution. In clinical practice, the "graded-stiffness" technological solution enables to form an adaptable and flexible system that can be customized to a specific patient, through adequate selection of the offloading materials, to fit the shape and size of the ulcer. This solution can be made as an off-the-shelf product or alternatively, be manufactured by-demand using 3D printing tools. The proposed novel practical offloading solution has the potential for streamlining and optimizing the prevention and treatment of diabetic heel ulcers.
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17
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Moayedi M, Naemi R, Arshi AR, Akrami M, Salehi M. An investigation of the ankle contact forces in a foot with hammer toe deformity. A comparison of patient-specific approaches using finite element modeling and musculoskeletal simulation. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2022; 2022:2552-2555. [PMID: 36086202 DOI: 10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The internal forces and stresses in the tissue are important as they are linked to the risk of mechanical trauma and injuries. Despite their value, the internal stresses and forces cannot be directly measured in-vivo. A previously validated 3D finite element model (FEM) was constructed using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of a person with diabetes and hammer toe deformity. The foot model simulated at five different instances during the stance phase of gait. The internal stress distribution on the talus that was obtained using the FEM simulation, was used to calculate the joint reaction force at the ankle joint. In addition, the musculoskeletal model (MSM) of the participant with hammer toe foot was developed based on the gait analysis and was used to determine the muscle forces and joint reactions. The result showed that the vertical reaction forces obtained from the FEM and MSM follow a similar trend through the stance phase of gait cycle and are significantly correlated ( R=0.99). The joint reaction forces obtained through the two methods do not differ for the first 25% of the gait cycle, while the maximum difference was ∼0.7 Body weight that was observed at 50% of the stance phase. Clinical Relevance: Finite element modeling and musculoskeletal simulation can shed light on the internal forces at the ankle in pathological conditions such as hammer toe. The similarities and differences observed in the joint reaction forces calculated from the two methods can have implications in assessing the effect of clinical interventions.
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18
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Sun D, Song Y, Cen X, Wang M, Baker JS, Gu Y. Workflow assessing the effect of Achilles tendon rupture on gait function and metatarsal stress: Combined musculoskeletal modeling and finite element analysis. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2022; 236:676-685. [PMID: 35311405 DOI: 10.1177/09544119221085795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) incidence has increased among badminton players in recent years. The foot internal stress was hard to obtain through experimental testing. The purpose of the current research is to develop a methodology that could improve the finite element model derived foot internal stress prediction for ATR clinical and rehabilitation applications. A subject-specific musculoskeletal model was combined with a 3D finite element model to predict the metatarsal stress. The 80% point during the push-off phase of walking was selected for the comparing between injured and uninjured sides. The surgical repaired Achilles tendon (AT) after 12 months was elongated by 5.5% than the uninjured tendon. At 80% point of stance phase, the ankle plantarflexion angle and AT force decreased by 39.6% and 21.9% on the injured side, respectively. The foot inversion degree increased by 22.9% and was accompanied by the redistribution of metatarsals von Mises stress. The stresses on the fourth and fifth metatarsals were increased by 59.5% and 85.9% on the injured side. The workflow is available to assess musculoskeletal disorders and obtain foot internal stress after ATR. The decreased ankle plantar flexor force may be affected by triceps surae muscle atrophy and weakened force transmission ability of elongated AT. The increased von Mises stress on fourth and fifth metatarsals accompanied by higher foot inversion may increase the ankle lateral sprain injury risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Sun
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yang Song
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Doctoral School on Safety and Security Sciences, Obuda University, Budapest, Hungary.,Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Xuanzhen Cen
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Doctoral School on Safety and Security Sciences, Obuda University, Budapest, Hungary.,Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Meizi Wang
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Doctoral School on Safety and Security Sciences, Obuda University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Julien Steven Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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19
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Liu T, Jomha N, Adeeb S, El-Rich M, Westover L. The evaluation of artificial talus implant on ankle joint contact characteristics: a finite element study based on four subjects. Med Biol Eng Comput 2022; 60:1139-1158. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-022-02527-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Peng Y, Wang Y, Wong DWC, Chen TLW, Chen SF, Zhang G, Tan Q, Zhang M. Different Design Feature Combinations of Flatfoot Orthosis on Plantar Fascia Strain and Plantar Pressure: A Muscle-Driven Finite Element Analysis With Taguchi Method. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:853085. [PMID: 35360398 PMCID: PMC8960448 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.853085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Customized foot orthosis is commonly used to modify foot posture and relieve foot pain for adult acquired flexible flatfoot. However, systematic investigation of the influence of foot orthotic design parameter combination on the internal foot mechanics remains scarce. This study aimed to investigate the biomechanical effects of different combinations of foot orthoses design features through a muscle-driven flatfoot finite element model. A flatfoot-orthosis finite element model was constructed by considering the three-dimensional geometry of plantar fascia. The plantar fascia model accounted for the interaction with the bulk soft tissue. The Taguchi approach was adopted to analyze the significance of four design factors combination (arch support height, medial posting inclination, heel cup height, and material stiffness). Predicted plantar pressure and plantar fascia strains in different design combinations at the midstance instant were reported. The results indicated that the foot orthosis with higher arch support (45.7%) and medial inclination angle (25.5%) effectively reduced peak plantar pressure. For the proximal plantar fascia strain, arch support (41.8%) and material stiffness (37%) were strong influencing factors. Specifically, higher arch support and softer material decreased the peak plantar fascia strain. The plantar pressure and plantar fascia loading were sensitive to the arch support feature. The proposed statistics-based finite element flatfoot model could assist the insole optimization and evaluation for individuals with flatfoot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghu Peng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Duo Wai-Chi Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tony Lin-Wei Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shane Fei Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qitao Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Zhang,
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21
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Inter-strides variability affects internal foot tissue loadings during running. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4227. [PMID: 35273294 PMCID: PMC8913624 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Running overuse injuries result from an imbalance between repetitive loadings on the anatomical structures and their ability to adapt to these loadings. Unfortunately, the measure of these in-vivo loadings is not easily accessible. An optimal amount of movement variability is thought to decrease the running overuse injury risk, but the influence of movement variability on local tissue loading is still not known. A 3D dynamic finite element foot model driven by extrinsic muscle forces was developed to estimate the stress undergone by the different internal foot structures during the stance phase. The boundary conditions of different trials with similar running speed were used as input. Variability in bone stress (10%) and cartilage pressure (16%) can be expected while keeping the overall running speed constant. Bone and cartilage stress were mainly influenced by the muscle force profiles rather than by ground reaction force. These findings suggest, first, that the analysis of a single trial only is not representative of the internal tissue loadings distribution in the foot and second, that muscle forces must be considered when estimating bone and cartilage loadings at the foot level. This model could be applied to an optimal clinical management of the overuse injury.
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22
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Morgan O, Hillstrom H, Bitar R, Sturnick D, Koff MF, Ellis S, Deland J, Hillstrom R. Finite Element Modelling of Planus and Rectus Foot Types for the Study of First Metatarsophalangeal and First Metatarsocuneiform Joint Contact Mechanics. J Biomech Eng 2022; 144:1135615. [PMID: 35147162 DOI: 10.1115/1.4053791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Evaluating the contact mechanics of human joints is an important element in understanding the pathomechanics of orthopaedic diseases. Although physical testing is essential in the evaluation process, reliable computational models can augment these experiments by non-invasive predictions of biomechanical or surgical variables. The objective of this study was to perform verification of a framework for developing a medial forefoot finite element. Verification was conducted by comparing computational predictions to experimental measurements of first metatarsophalangeal and first metatarsocuneiform joint contact mechanics. A custom-built force-controlled cadaveric test-rig was used to derive measurements of contact pressure, force, and area. A quasi-static finite element was developed and driven under the same boundary and loading conditions. Calibration of cartilage moduli and mesh sensitivity analyses were performed. Mean errors in contact pressures, forces, and areas were 24%, 4%, and 40% at the first metatarsophalangeal joint and 23%, 12%, and 19% at the first Metatarsocuneiform joint, respectively. Verification of a medial forefoot finite element model development framework was presented and found to be within 30% for contact pressure and contact force of both joints. This study presents a method to verify and simulate realistic physiological loading to investigate orthopaedic diseases of the medial forefoot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Morgan
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex, UK
| | - Howard Hillstrom
- Leon Root, MD Motion Analysis Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rogerio Bitar
- Department of Biomechanics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Sturnick
- Department of Biomechanics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew F Koff
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Scott Ellis
- Department of Orthopedics, Foot and Ankle Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Deland
- Department of Orthopedics, Foot and Ankle Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
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Ito K, Nakamura T, Suzuki R, Negishi T, Oishi M, Nagura T, Jinzaki M, Ogihara N. Comparative Functional Morphology of Human and Chimpanzee Feet Based on Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:760486. [PMID: 35096789 PMCID: PMC8793834 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.760486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
To comparatively investigate the morphological adaptation of the human foot for achieving robust and efficient bipedal locomotion, we develop three-dimensional finite element models of the human and chimpanzee feet. Foot bones and the outer surface of the foot are extracted from computer tomography images and meshed with tetrahedral elements. The ligaments and plantar fascia are represented by tension-only spring elements. The contacts between the bones and between the foot and ground are solved using frictionless and Coulomb friction contact algorithms, respectively. Physiologically realistic loading conditions of the feet during quiet bipedal standing are simulated. Our results indicate that the center of pressure (COP) is located more anteriorly in the human foot than in the chimpanzee foot, indicating a larger stability margin in bipedal posture in humans. Furthermore, the vertical free moment generated by the coupling motion of the calcaneus and tibia during axial loading is larger in the human foot, which can facilitate the compensation of the net yaw moment of the body around the COP during bipedal locomotion. Furthermore, the human foot can store elastic energy more effectively during axial loading for the effective generation of propulsive force in the late stance phase. This computational framework for a comparative investigation of the causal relationship among the morphology, kinematics, and kinetics of the foot may provide a better understanding regarding the functional significance of the morphological features of the human foot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohta Ito
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nakamura
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takuo Negishi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoharu Oishi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Takeo Nagura
- Department of Clinical Biomechanics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Jinzaki
- Department of Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomichi Ogihara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Naomichi Ogihara,
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24
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Witkowski W, Kuik L, Rucka M, Daszkiewicz K, Andrzejewska A, Łuczkiewicz P. Medially positioned plate in first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260572. [PMID: 34852005 PMCID: PMC8635389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to biomechanically compare the stability of first metatarsophalangeal (MTP1) joint arthrodesis with dorsally and medially positioned plates. Methods A physical model of the MTP1 joint consists of printed synthetic bones, a titanium locking plate and screws. In the experiments, samples with dorsally and medially positioned plates were subjected to loading of ground load character in a universal testing machine. Force-displacement relations and relative displacements of bones were recorded. The obtained results were used to validate the corresponding finite element models of the MTP1 joint. Nonlinear finite element simulations of the toe-off phase of gait were performed to determine the deformation and stress state in the MTP1 joint for two positions of the plate. Results In numerical simulations, the maximum displacement in the dorsal direction was noticed at the tip of the distal phalanx and was equal to 19.6 mm for the dorsal plate and 9.63 mm for the medial plate for a resultant force of 150 N. Lower relative bone displacements and smaller plastic deformation in the plate were observed in the model with the medial plate. Stress values were also smaller in the medially positioned plate and locking screws compared to fixation with the dorsal plate. Conclusions A medially positioned locking plate provides better stability of the MTP1 joint than a dorsally positioned plate due to greater vertical bending stiffness of the medial plate. Smaller relative bone displacements observed in fixation with the medial plate may be beneficial for the bone healing process. Moreover, lower stress values may decrease the risk of complications associated with hardware failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Witkowski
- Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Leszek Kuik
- II Clinic of Orthopaedics and Kinetic Organ Traumatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rucka
- Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Karol Daszkiewicz
- Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Angela Andrzejewska
- Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Łuczkiewicz
- II Clinic of Orthopaedics and Kinetic Organ Traumatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
- * E-mail:
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25
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Peng Y, Niu W, Wong DWC, Wang Y, Chen TLW, Zhang G, Tan Q, Zhang M. Biomechanical comparison among five mid/hindfoot arthrodeses procedures in treating flatfoot using a musculoskeletal multibody driven finite element model. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 211:106408. [PMID: 34537493 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Mid/hindfoot arthrodesis could modify the misalignment of adult-acquired flatfoot and attenuate pain. However, the long-term biomechanical effects of these surgical procedures remain unclear, and the quantitative evidence is scarce. Therefore, we aimed to investigate and quantify the influences of five mid/hindfoot arthrodeses on the internal foot biomechanics during walking stance. METHODS A young participant with flexible flatfoot was recruited for this study. We reconstructed a subject-specific musculoskeletal multibody driven-finite element (FE) foot model based on the foot magnetic resonance imaging. The severe flatfoot model was developed from the flexible flatfoot through the attenuation of ligaments and the unloading of the posterior tibial muscle. The five mid/hindfoot arthrodeses simulations (subtalar, talonavicular, calcaneocuboid, double, and triple arthrodeses) and a control condition (no arthrodesis) were performed simultaneously in the detailed foot multibody dynamics model and FE model. Muscle forces calculated by a detailed multi-segment foot model and ground reaction force were used to drive the foot FE model. The internal foot loadings were compared among control and these arthrodeses conditions at the first and second vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) peak and VGRF valley instants. RESULTS The results indicated that the navicular heights in double and triple arthrodeses were higher than other surgical procedures, while the subtalar arthrodesis had the smallest values. Five mid/hindfoot arthrodeses reduced the peak plantar fascia stress compared to control. However, double and triple arthrodeses increased the peak medial cuneo-navicular joint contact pressures and peak foot pressures as well as the metatarsal bones stresses. CONCLUSION Although mid/hindfoot arthrodesis generally reduced the collapse of medial longitudinal arch and plantar fascia loading during the stance phase, the increased loading in the adjacent unfused joint and metatarsal bones for double and triple arthrodeses should be noted. These findings could account for some symptoms experienced by flatfoot patients after surgery, which may facilitate the optimization of surgical protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghu Peng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Wenxin Niu
- Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201619, China; Clinical Center for Intelligent Rehabilitation Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 201619, China
| | - Duo Wai-Chi Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Tony Lin-Wei Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Qitao Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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Moayedi M, Arshi AR, Salehi M, Akrami M, Naemi R. Associations between changes in loading pattern, deformity, and internal stresses at the foot with hammer toe during walking; a finite element approach. Comput Biol Med 2021; 135:104598. [PMID: 34346320 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, Finite Element (FE) modelling has been used as a method to understand the internal stresses within the diabetic foot. Foot deformities such as hammer toe have been associated with increased risk of foot ulcers in diabetic patients. Hence the aim of this study is to investigate the influence of hammer toe deformity on internal stresses during walking. A 3D finite element model of the human foot was constructed based on capturing Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of a diabetic neuropathic volunteer exhibiting hammer toe. 3D gait measurements and a multi-body musculoskeletal model for the same participant were used to define muscle forces. FE simulations were run at five different instances during the stance phase of gait. Peak plantar pressure and pressure distribution results calculated from the model showed a good agreement with the experimental measurement having less than 11% errors. Maximum von Mises internal stresses in the forefoot hard tissue were observed at the 3rd and 5th metatarsals and 4th proximal phalanx. Moreover, presence of hammer toe deformity was found to shift the location of maximum internal stresses on the soft tissue to the forefoot by changing the location of centre of pressure with internal stress 1.64 times greater than plantar pressure. Hammer toe deformity also showed to reduce the involvement of the first phalanx in internal/external load-bearing during walking. The findings of this study support the association between changes in loading pattern, deformity, and internal stresses in the soft tissue that lead to foot ulceration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Moayedi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran.
| | - A R Arshi
- Biomechanics and Sports Engineering Groups, Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran.
| | - M Salehi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran.
| | - M Akrami
- Department of Engineering, College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, UK.
| | - R Naemi
- Centre for Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Technologies, Staffordshire University, UK.
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A review of foot finite element modelling for pressure ulcer prevention in bedrest: Current perspectives and future recommendations. J Tissue Viability 2021; 31:73-83. [PMID: 34238649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Pressure ulcers (PUs) are a major public health challenge, having a significant impact on healthcare service and patient quality of life. Computational biomechanical modelling has enhanced PU research by facilitating the investigation of pressure responses in subcutaneous tissue and skeletal muscle. Extensive work has been undertaken on PUs on patients in the seated posture, but research into heel ulcers has been relatively neglected. The aim of this review was to address the key challenges that exist in developing an effective FE foot model for PU prevention and the confusion surrounding the wide range of outputs reported. Nine FE foot studies investigating heel ulcers in bedrest were identified and reviewed. Six studies modelled the posterior part of the heel, two included the calf and foot, and one modelled the whole body. Due to the complexity of the foot anatomy, all studies involved simplification or assumptions regarding parts of the foot structure, boundary conditions and material parameters. Simulations aimed to understand better the stresses and strains exhibited in the heel soft tissues of the healthy foot. The biomechanical properties of soft tissue derived from experimental measurements are critical for developing a realistic model and consequently guiding clinical decisions. Yet, little to no validation was reported in each of the studies. If FE models are to address future research questions and clinical applications, then sound verification and validation of these models is required to ensure accurate conclusions and prediction of patient outcomes. Recommendations and considerations for future FE studies are therefore proposed.
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Chen Y. Current state and progress of research on forensic biomechanics in China. Forensic Sci Res 2021; 6:1-12. [PMID: 34007511 PMCID: PMC8112827 DOI: 10.1080/20961790.2021.1879365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Forensic biomechanics gradually has become a significant component of forensic science. Forensic biomechanics is evidence-based science that applies biomechanical principles and methods to forensic practice, which has constituted one of the most potential research areas. In this review, we introduce how finite element techniques can be used to simulate forensic cases, how injury criteria and injury scales can be used to describe injury severity, and how tests of postmortem human subjects and dummy can be used to provide essential validation data. This review also describes research progress and new applications of forensic biomechanics in China.Key pointsThe review shows the main research progress and new applications of forensic biomechanics in China.The review introduces eight cases about the application of forensic biomechanics, including the multiple rigid body reconstruction, the finite element applications, study of mechanical properties, traffic crash reconstruction based on multiple techniques and analysis of morphomechanical mechanism about blood dispersal.Though forensic biomechanics has a great advantage for the evaluation of injury mechanisms, it still has some uncertainties owing to the uniqueness of the human anatomy, the complexity of biological materials, and the uncertainty of injury-causing circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijiu Chen
- Shanghai Key Lab of Forensic Medicine, Key Lab of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
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Liu X, Yue Y, Wu X, Huang X, Hao Y, Lu Y. Analysis of transient response of the human foot based on the finite element method. Technol Health Care 2021; 30:79-92. [PMID: 33896856 DOI: 10.3233/thc-202673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The foot is an important part of the human body. Its functions are mainly walking and load-bearing. It also keeps the human body stable and absorbs ground vibrations to protect important human organs. OBJECTIVE Many researchers use finite element methods to study the biomechanics of the foot. However, current studies on the finite element of the foot are based on the stress and displacement response analysis of the foot under static or quasi-static conditions, ignoring the movement process of the foot and the impact of vibration. Moreover, the joint application of energy method and finite element analysis in foot biomechanics is rarely reported. METHODS In this paper, to obtain the foot energy transfer process, the transient response of the foot under neutral position is analyzed based on the energy method. RESULTS The results show that: (1) In this model, the energy analysis follows the conservation of energy, which indicates that the transient response analysis has obtained a reasonable response. (2) When the foot touches the ground, the strain energy of the calcaneus, second metatarsal and third metatarsal is relatively large, which is consistent with the main stress concentration area of the plantar. (3) The gravity of the human body is mainly transmitted through the talus to the calcaneus, while the effect of transmittal through the scaphoid to the cuneiform bone and metatarsal is weak. CONCLUSION This study can not only more clearly and intuitively reflect the energy transfer and source of various skeletal foreheads in the foot, but also provide a new research idea for the study of foot biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Liu
- College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yong Yue
- College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xuyang Wu
- College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xianwei Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yanhua Hao
- College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yong Lu
- College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Yao Y, Mo Z, Wu G, Guo J, Li J, Wang L, Fan Y. A personalized 3D-printed plate for tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis: Design, fabrication, biomechanical evaluation and postoperative assessment. Comput Biol Med 2021; 133:104368. [PMID: 33864971 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Personalized plates (P-Plates) could provide improved clinical outcomes in joint fusion by enabling perfect geometric matching between irregular bone and implants. However, there is no unified application framework for P-Plates for joint fusion. The objective of this study was to develop such a framework for P-Plates for tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis. A patient-specific bone model was constructed based on CT images, and the P-Plate was preliminarily designed to match the bones. Finite element method was used to optimize the stress distribution and to evaluate the biomechanical performance of the P-Plate by comparing it with a traditional plate (T-Plate). Then, the P-Plate was manufactured via electron beam melting and implanted into the foot of a patient. Increasing the size of the preliminary designed plate alleviated the stress concentration and reduced the risk of failure. The maximum stresses of the plate and screw (214.3 MPa, 99.05 MPa) and the maximum tensile force of the screw in the P-Plate (181.4 N) fixation system were lower than those in the T-Plate (217.4 MPa, 255.4 MPa, and 230.1 N, respectively). The P-Plate was well-matched to the bone, and no complications occurred. The P-Plate achieved American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society and Short-Form-36 scores of 64 and 75, respectively, 36 months post operation, which suggests that it could improve clinical outcomes. The design and fabrication methods, as well as mechanical and postoperative performance evaluation methods, for the P-Plate were systematically developed and provide a reference for constructing a unified application framework for P-Plate use in tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yao
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhongjun Mo
- Key Laboratory of Human Motion Analysis and Rehabilitation Technology of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids for Old-Age Disability, National Research Centre for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, 100176, Beijing, China.
| | - Gang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Human Motion Analysis and Rehabilitation Technology of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids for Old-Age Disability, National Research Centre for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, 100176, Beijing, China; Rehabilitation Hospital, National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, 100176, Beijing, China.
| | - Junchao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Human Motion Analysis and Rehabilitation Technology of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids for Old-Age Disability, National Research Centre for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, 100176, Beijing, China.
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Human Motion Analysis and Rehabilitation Technology of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids for Old-Age Disability, National Research Centre for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, 100176, Beijing, China.
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Human Motion Analysis and Rehabilitation Technology of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids for Old-Age Disability, National Research Centre for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, 100176, Beijing, China; Rehabilitation Hospital, National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, 100176, Beijing, China; School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, China.
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Peng Y, Wong DWC, Chen TLW, Wang Y, Zhang G, Yan F, Zhang M. Influence of arch support heights on the internal foot mechanics of flatfoot during walking: A muscle-driven finite element analysis. Comput Biol Med 2021; 132:104355. [PMID: 33812264 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different arch support heights of the customized foot orthosis could produce different effects on the internal biomechanics of the foot. However, quantitative evidence is scarce. Therefore, we aimed to investigate and quantify the influence of arch support heights on the internal foot biomechanics during walking stance. METHODS We reconstructed a foot finite element model from a volunteer with flexible flatfoot. The model enabled a three-dimensional representation of the plantar fascia and its interactions with surrounding osteotendinous structures. The volunteer walked in foot orthosis with different arch heights (low, neutral, and high). Muscle forces during gaits were calculated by a multibody model and used to drive a foot finite element model. The foot contact pressures and plantar fascia strains in different regions were compared among the insole conditions at the first and second vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) peak and VGRF valley instants. RESULTS The results indicated that peak foot pressures decreased in balanced standing and second VGRF as the arch support height increased. However, peak midfoot pressures increased during all simulated instants. Meanwhile, high arch support decreased the plantar fascia loading by 5%-15.4% in proximal regions but increased in the middle and distal regions. CONCLUSION Although arch support could generally decrease the plantar foot pressure and plantar fascia loading, the excessive arch height may induce high midfoot pressure and loadings at the central portion of the plantar fascia. The consideration of fascia-soft tissue interaction in modeling could improve the prediction of plantar fascia strains towards design optimization for orthoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghu Peng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Duo Wai-Chi Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tony Lin-Wei Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
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D’Amico M, Kinel E, Roncoletta P, Gnaldi A, Ceppitelli C, Belli F, Murdolo G, Vermigli C. Data-driven CAD-CAM vs traditional total contact custom insoles: A novel quantitative-statistical framework for the evaluation of insoles offloading performance in diabetic foot. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247915. [PMID: 33661973 PMCID: PMC7932531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated plantar pressures represent a significant risk factor for neuropathic diabetic foot (NDF) ulceration. Foot offloading, through custom-made insoles, is essential for prevention and healing of NDF ulcerations. Objective quantitative evaluation to design custom-made insoles is not a standard method. Aims: 1) to develop a novel quantitative-statistical framework (QSF) for the evaluation and design of the insoles’ offloading performance through in-shoe pressure measurement; 2) to compare the pressure-relieving efficiency of traditional shape-based total contact customised insoles (TCCI) with a novel CAD-CAM approach by the QSF. Methods We recruited 30 neuropathic diabetic patients in cross-sectional study design. The risk-regions of interest (R-ROIs) and their areas with in-shoe peak pressure statistically ≥200kPa were identified for each patients’ foot as determined on the average of peak pressure maps ascertained per each stance phase. Repeated measures Friedman test compared R-ROIs’ areas in three different walking condition: flat insole (FI); TCCI and CAD-CAM insoles. Results As compared with FI (20.6±12.9 cm2), both the TCCI (7±8.7 cm2) and the CAD-CAM (5.5±7.3 cm2) approaches provided a reduction of R-ROIs mean areas (p<0.0001). The CAD-CAM approach performed better than the TCCI with a mean pressure reduction of 37.3 kPa (15.6%) vs FI. Conclusions The CAD-CAM strategy achieves better offloading performance than the traditional shape-only based approach. The introduced QSF provides a more rigorous method to the direct 200kPa cut-off approach outlined in the literature. It provides a statistically sound methodology to evaluate the offloading insoles design and subsequent monitoring steps. QSF allows the analysis of the whole foot’s plantar surface, independently from a predetermined anatomical identification/masking. QSF can provide a detailed description about how and where custom-made insole redistributes the underfoot pressure respect to the FI. Thus, its usefulness extends to the design step, helping to guide the modifications necessary to achieve optimal offloading insole performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moreno D’Amico
- SMART Lab (Skeleton Movement Analysis and Advanced Rehabilitation Technologies)—Bioengineering & Biomedicine Company Srl, Pescara, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences University G. D’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Edyta Kinel
- Department of Rehabilitation, Chair of Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Piero Roncoletta
- SMART Lab (Skeleton Movement Analysis and Advanced Rehabilitation Technologies)—Bioengineering & Biomedicine Company Srl, Pescara, Italy
| | - Andrea Gnaldi
- Guantificio Altotiberino Ecosanit Calzature Snc, Anghiari, Italy
| | - Celeste Ceppitelli
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Murdolo
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristiana Vermigli
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
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Computational models of flatfoot with three-dimensional fascia and bulk soft tissue interaction for orthosis design. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2020.100050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Shaulian H, Gefen A, Solomonow-Avnon D, Wolf A. Finite element-based method for determining an optimal offloading design for treating and preventing heel ulcers. Comput Biol Med 2021; 131:104261. [PMID: 33611128 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic heel ulceration, a serious, destructive, and costly complication of diabetes, is often treated by custom-made offloading footwear. One common offloading device is a custom-made insole designed with a hole under the damaged site that is intended to reduce local mechanical loads on the ulcer. However, current devices do not take into account the increasing loads at the wound peripheries, and quantitative assessments and scientific guidelines for the optimal design of the offloading hole are lacking. Here, we develop a novel method to determine the volumetric exposure to mechanical loading of a human heel, at two volume of interests (VOIs) during walking in 150 different finite-element footwear configurations. We defined the two VOIs as (1) the area of the heel soft tissues typically at high risk of ulceration, and (2) the soft tissues surrounding the high risk area. For all model variants, three hole-geometry parameters were defined: (1) radius, (2) radius of curvature (ROC) and (3) depth. We found two combinations of the offloading parameters which minimize heel loads in both VOIs. The first is with a large offloading radius, large ROC and large depth, whereas the second is with a large offloading radius, large depth but relatively small ROC. Our novel practical scientific analysis method, that takes into account the ulcer site as well as the peripheral area, has the potential to optimize development of offloading solutions by streamlining the examination of their biomechanical efficiency, and thus may revolutionize prevention and treatment of diabetic ulcers at any foot location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Shaulian
- Biorobotics and Biomechanics Lab (BRML), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Amit Gefen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Deborah Solomonow-Avnon
- Biorobotics and Biomechanics Lab (BRML), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel; Neurorehabilitation and Sensorimotor Neuroscience Lab, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alon Wolf
- Biorobotics and Biomechanics Lab (BRML), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel
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Spahiu T, Almeida H, Ascenso RM, Vitorino L, Marto A. Optimization of shoe sole design according to individual feet pressure maps. COMPUT IND 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compind.2020.103375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Kazakova D, Kolomiytsev S, Suvorova V. Influence of putrefactive decomposition of sheep hooves on the cytomorphological composition and biochemical properties of blood. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20213700075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the effect of putrefactive decomposition of sheep hooves on the cellular composition, physical and chemical properties of blood, as well as on the biochemical composition of its serum. In the production conditions of the sheep-breeding complex, orthopedic medical examination and identification of sheep with putrefactive decay of the hooves were carried out. Subsequently, blood samples were collected from 10 sick sheep and 10 clinically healthy animals for general clinical analysis and biochemical analysis of their serum. The selected blood samples were analyzed on the haematological automatic analyser "Abacus vet 10" and the semi-automatic biochemical analyser "Stat fax 300". In the biochemical composition of blood serum, putrefactive decay of hooves increased the concentration of total protein by 7.94%, total bilirubin by 22.08%, urea by 75.18%, and reduced the concentration of glucose by 17.88% relative to clinically healthy sheep. At the same time, the activity of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and creatine kinase in the blood serum of sheep with putrefactive hoof decay exceeded similar indicators in clinically healthy sheep by 9.65%, 9.16%, 13.70%, and 19.90%, respectively. In addition, the concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in the blood serum of sheep with putrefactive decay of hooves was by 15.44%, 9.64%, 3.49%, 25.35% and 9.78% less than in the blood serum of clinically healthy sheep.
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Zhang H, Lv ML, Liu Y, Sun W, Niu W, Wong DWC, Ni M, Zhang M. Biomechanical analysis of minimally invasive crossing screw fixation for calcaneal fractures: Implications to early weight-bearing rehabilitation. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2020; 80:105143. [PMID: 32829234 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.105143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimally invasive fixation using crossing screws was believed to produce satisfactory clinical outcome whereas its stability in early weight-bearing remained controversial. This study aimed to analyze the biomechanical stability of minimally invasive fixation during balanced standing and walking stance, and provide evidence for early rehabilitation. METHODS A finite element model of foot-ankle-shank complex was reconstructed based on computed tomography and magnetic resonance images, and validated by plantar pressure of the model participant. A Sanders III calcaneal fracture was created on the model, and then fixed using crossing screws. The predicted stress distribution, fracture displacement, Bohler's angle and Gissane's angle were compared between the intact calcaneus and fracture model with the fixation. FINDINGS Postoperatively, the concentrated stress appeared at the junction of the calcaneus and its surrounding tissues (especially Achilles tendon, plantar fascia and ligaments) during standing and walking stances, and the stress exceeded the yield strength of trabecular bone. The longitudinal screws sustained the highest stresses and concentrated at the tips and the calcaneal tuberosity junction. The displacement of posterior joint facet, Bohler's angle, and Gissane's angle were within the acceptable range either standing or walking after the fixation. INTERPRETATION Early weight-bearing standing and walking after minimally invasive fixation may cause high stress concentration thereby induce calcaneus stress fractures and other complications like plantar fasciitis and heel pain, so it should not be supported. The peri-calcaneus tendons, i.e., Achilles tendon and plantar fascia, play key roles in the stabilization of the calcaneal fracture after operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowei Zhang
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Miko Lin Lv
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yin Liu
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Wanju Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Pudong New Area Peoples' Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201299, China
| | - Wenxin Niu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Medical College of Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Duo Wai-Chi Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Ming Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, Pudong New Area Peoples' Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201299, China.
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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Efficient trajectory optimization for curved running using a 3D musculoskeletal model with implicit dynamics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17655. [PMID: 33077752 PMCID: PMC7573630 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73856-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Trajectory optimization with musculoskeletal models can be used to reconstruct measured movements and to predict changes in movements in response to environmental changes. It enables an exhaustive analysis of joint angles, joint moments, ground reaction forces, and muscle forces, among others. However, its application is still limited to simplified problems in two dimensional space or straight motions. The simulation of movements with directional changes, e.g. curved running, requires detailed three dimensional models which lead to a high-dimensional solution space. We extended a full-body three dimensional musculoskeletal model to be specialized for running with directional changes. Model dynamics were implemented implicitly and trajectory optimization problems were solved with direct collocation to enable efficient computation. Standing, straight running, and curved running were simulated starting from a random initial guess to confirm the capabilities of our model and approach: efficacy, tracking and predictive power. Altogether the simulations required 1 h 17 min and corresponded well to the reference data. The prediction of curved running using straight running as tracking data revealed the necessity of avoiding interpenetration of body segments. In summary, the proposed formulation is able to efficiently predict a new motion task while preserving dynamic consistency. Hence, labor-intensive and thus costly experimental studies could be replaced by simulations for movement analysis and virtual product design.
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Ellison MA, Akrami M, Fulford J, Javadi AA, Rice HM. Three dimensional finite element modelling of metatarsal stresses during running. J Med Eng Technol 2020; 44:368-377. [DOI: 10.1080/03091902.2020.1799092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A Ellison
- Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - M. Akrami
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - J. Fulford
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - A. A Javadi
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - H. M Rice
- Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Risk factors for developing heel ulcers for bedridden patients: A finite element study. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2020; 78:105094. [PMID: 32619872 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.105094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heel is one of the most common sites of pressure ulcers and the anatomical location with the highest prevalence of deep tissue injury. Several finite element modeling studies investigate heel ulcers for bedridden patients. In the current study we have added the implementation of the calf structure to the current heel models. We tested the effect of foot posture, mattress stiffness, and a lateral calcaneus displacement to the contact pressure and internal maximum shear strain occurring at the heel. METHODS A new 3D finite element model is created which includes the heel and calf structure. Sensitivity analyses are performed for the foot orientation relative to the mattress, the Young's modulus of the mattress, and a lateral displacement of the calcaneus relative to the other soft tissues in the heel. FINDINGS The models predict that a stiffer mattress results in higher contact pressures and internal maximum shear strains at the heel as well as the calf. An abducted foot posture reduces the internal strains in the heel and a lateral calcaneus displacement increases the internal maximum shear strains. A parameter study with different mattress-skin friction coefficients showed that a coefficient below 0.4 decreases the maximum internal shear strains in all of the used loading conditions. INTERPRETATION In clinical practice, it is advised to avoid internal shearing of the calcaneus of patients, and it could be taken into consideration by medical experts and nurses that a more abducted foot position may reduce the strains in the heel.
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Stress Distribution of the Tibiofemoral Joint in a Healthy Versus Osteoarthritis Knee Model Using Image-Based Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis. J Med Biol Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-020-00523-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common pathological conditions to affect the human knee joint. In order to analyse the biomechanical causes and effects of OA, accessing the internal structures such as cartilage or the menisci directly is not possible. Therefore, computational models can be used to study the effects of OA on the stresses and strains in the joint and the susceptibility to deformations within the knee joint.
Methods
In this study, a three-dimensional finite element model of a knee complex was constructed using MRI scans. Medical image processing software was used to create accurate geometries of bones, articular cartilages, menisci, patella, patella tendon and all the relevant ligaments. Finally, a 3D model of OA knee joint was created with a few changes to the cartilage. The cartilage was thinned, and the material properties were altered in order to simulate OA in the joint. 3D gait measurements were analysed to define loading and boundary conditions.
Results
The developed model analysed the possibility of osteoarthritis. It was shown that the medial regions of cartilage layers and menisci in the knee joint sustain higher values of stress for OA conditions, while for the healthy knee, the stresses are more evenly distributed across the cartilage in the medial and lateral regions.
Conclusion
The results suggest that any treatment for knee osteoarthritis should focus more on the medial region of the tibiofemoral cartilage in order not to cause degradation.
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Kui H, Liu X, Liu J, Liang W, Zhang S, Qian Z, Ren L. The Passive Contact Stability of Blue Sheep Hoof Based on Structure, Mechanical Properties, and Surface Morphology. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:363. [PMID: 32426345 PMCID: PMC7212375 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the only component that contacts the ground and rock, the hooves of blue sheep may play a crucial role in their excellent climbing abilities. In this study, we used a combination of techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and nanoindentation, to characterize the surface morphology, structure, material composition, and mechanical properties of blue sheep hoof and investigate the potential contributions of these properties to the establishment of passive contact stability. Straight and curled microscopic lamellar morphology were found on the hoof surfaces. The cross section of the hoof revealed four layers, and each layer had a unique structure. Finite element analysis was employed to verify that the surface morphology and microstructure effectively contributed to the slip resistance and impact cushioning, respectively. Analyses of the energy and infrared spectra showed that the organic and inorganic substances in different regions of the hoof had similar components but different contents of those components. The hoof was mainly composed of keratin. From the outside to the inside, gradients in both the modulus and hardness were observed. These factors help the hoof alleviate high impact strengths and increase contact stability. These findings further our understanding of the unique mechanism of blue sheep hoof and may help in the development of novel biomimetic materials and mechanical components with enhanced friction and contact stability properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Kui
- College of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- College of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhihui Qian
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Conder R, Zamani R, Akrami M. The Biomechanics of Pregnancy: A Systematic Review. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2019; 4:E72. [PMID: 33467386 PMCID: PMC7739277 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk4040072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, a number of biomechanical and hormonal changes occur that can alter spinal curvature, balance, and gait patterns by affecting key areas of the human body. This can greatly impact quality of life (QOL) by increasing back pain and the risk of falls. These effects are likely to be the ultimate result of a number of hormonal and biomechanical changes that occur during pregnancy. Research Question and Methodology: Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, this systematic review sets out to analyse all available literature relating to the biomechanics factors caused by pregnancy and assess how this might reduce QOL. Fifty papers were deemed eligible for inclusion in this review based on the PUBMED and SCOPUS databases. Results: Angles of lordosis and kyphosis of the spine are significantly increased by pregnancy, but not consistently across all studies. Back pain is significantly increased in pregnant women, although this is not significantly correlated with spinal changes. Increased movements of centre of pressure (COP) and increased stability indexes indicate postural control is reduced in pregnancy. Trunk range of motion, hip flexion, and extension are reduced, as well as decreased stride length, decreased gait velocity, and increased step width; again, not consistently. It is likely that each woman adopts unique techniques to minimise the effects, for example increasing step width to improve balance. Further research should focus on how altered limb kinematics during gait might affect QOL by influencing the human body, as well as assessing parameters in all planes to develop a wider understanding of pregnant biomechanical alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Conder
- Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK; (R.C.); (R.Z.)
| | - Reza Zamani
- Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK; (R.C.); (R.Z.)
| | - Mohammad Akrami
- Department of Engineering, College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK
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Epasto G, Distefano F, Mineo R, Guglielmino E. Subject-specific finite element analysis of a lumbar cage produced by electron beam melting. Med Biol Eng Comput 2019; 57:2771-2781. [PMID: 31741290 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-019-02078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was the analysis of the mechanical behaviour of a partially porous lumbar custom-made cage by means of a subject-specific finite element analysis (FEA). The cage, made of Ti6Al4V ELI alloy, was produced via electron beam melting (EBM) process and surgically implanted in a female subject, 50 years old. The novelty of this study was the customized design of the cage and of its internal structure, which is impossible to obtain with the traditional production techniques. The 3D model of the spine was obtained from the computed tomography (CT) of the patient. Moreover, high-resolution industrial CT was also used to reconstruct a 3D model of the cage, with its real (as-produced) features, such as superficial roughness, morphology of the bulk and of the porous structure. The workflow was divided in several steps: the main finite element analyses were non-linear and quasi-static regarding: the rhombic dodecahedron (RD) unit cell of the porous structure; the device; the whole L4-L5 motion segment with the implanted cage. Stress distribution was calculated under compression load for all models. For the RD unit cell, the maximum stress appeared at the connected cross nodes, where notch effect was present. For the cage subjected to a load of 1 kN, the porous structure did not present any functional failure. For the whole biomechanical system subjected to a physiological load of 360 N, the calculated stress in the bone was smaller than its yield strength value. On the axial view, a zone with higher compressive stresses was present on the L5 vertebral body. This was due to the contact stress between the cage and the vertebra. From the comparison between FE results and the CT images of the spine, bone remodelling was supposed, with the formation of new bone. Graphical abstract Workflow showing the phases of the research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Epasto
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada di Dio, Vill. Sant'Agata, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - Fabio Distefano
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada di Dio, Vill. Sant'Agata, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalia Mineo
- Mt Ortho srl, via fossa lupo sn Aci Sant'Antonio, 95025, Catania, Italy
| | - Eugenio Guglielmino
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada di Dio, Vill. Sant'Agata, 98166, Messina, Italy
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Akrami M, Craig K, Dibaj M, Javadi AA, Benattayallah A. A three-dimensional finite element analysis of the human hip. J Med Eng Technol 2019; 42:546-552. [PMID: 30875263 DOI: 10.1080/03091902.2019.1576795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A three-dimensional hip model was created from the MRI scans of one human subject based on constructing the entire pelvis and femur. The ball and socket joint was modelled between the hip's acetabulum and the femoral head to analyse the multiaxial loads applied in the hip joint. The three key ligaments that reinforce the external surface of the hip to help to stabilise the joint were also modelled which are the iliofemoral, the pubofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments. Each of these ligaments wraps around the joint connection to form a seal over the synovial membrane, a line of attachment around the head of the femur. This model was tested for different loading and boundary conditions to analyse their sensitivities on the cortical and cancellous tissues of the human hip bones. The outcomes of a one-legged stance finite element analysis revealed that the maximum of 0.056 mm displacement occurred. The stress distribution varied across the model which the majority occurring in the cortical femur and dissipating through the cartilage. The maximum stress value occurring in the joint was 110.1 MPa, which appeared at the free end of the proximal femur. This developed finite element model was validated against the literature data to be used as an asset for further research in investigating new methods of total hip arthroplasty, to minimise the recurrence of dislocations and discomfort in the hip joint, as well as increasing the range of movement available to a patient after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Akrami
- a Department of Engineering, College of Engineering , Mathematics, and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter , Exeter , UK
| | - Kim Craig
- a Department of Engineering, College of Engineering , Mathematics, and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter , Exeter , UK
| | - Mahdieh Dibaj
- a Department of Engineering, College of Engineering , Mathematics, and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter , Exeter , UK
| | - Akbar A Javadi
- a Department of Engineering, College of Engineering , Mathematics, and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter , Exeter , UK
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Shear wave elastography can assess the in-vivo nonlinear mechanical behavior of heel-pad. J Biomech 2018; 80:144-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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