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Simmons JD, Smith JE, Erickson SJ, Warner TD. A factor analytic approach to understanding health risk behaviors and resilience among multi-racial/ethnic adolescents in New Mexico. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2022; 27:1652-1670. [PMID: 33971771 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2021.1925227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the factor validity of health risk behaviors and resilience indicators and their covariation across a large racially/ethnically diverse adolescent population. DESIGN The study subsample (47% Hispanic, 31% White Non-Hispanic, 17% American Indian) was derived from the 2013 New Mexico Youth Risk Resilience Survey (YRRS; N-19,033). We conducted a confirmatory factor analysis on the 6 health risk domains identified by the CDC as contributing most to adolescent morbidity/mortality: (1) cigarette use, (2) alcohol and other illicit drug use, (3) marijuana use, (4) sexual activity, (5) nutrition habits, and (6) physical activity. RESULTS A 4-factor CFA model of adolescent health risk behaviors was replicated, and a hypothesized 6-factor structure based on behaviors that contribute most to adolescent morbidity/mortality was confirmed. The pattern of covarying risk behaviors differed by Hispanic, Native American, and Non-Hispanic White groups. We also confirmed a single external resilience-interference factor (decreased parental support, low school/community engagement, negative peer associations) that positively correlated with all six risk behaviors. CONCLUSION This study described the structure of adolescent health risk behaviors within a context of psychosocial resilience for American Indian and Hispanic adolescents in contrast to Non-Hispanic White adolescents. Our findings provided evidence for the construct validity of six health-risk behavior dimensions within a large racially/ethnically diverse adolescent sample, which reveal different patterns of loadings, degrees of model fit, and factor inter-correlations across the three racial/ethnic groups. Patterns of covarying risk behaviors differed in strength and direction by racial/ethnic group. Results suggest that interventions should target multiple behaviors and be tailored for different racial/ethnic groups. Targeting health risk and resilience indicators supports the use of multi-level health interventions at the individual, school, family, and community level by identifying individuals based on external resilience scores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Teddy D Warner
- Psychology Department, University of New Mexico
- Dept. of Family & Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
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Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Prevalence and correlates of multiple behavioural risk factors of non-communicable diseases among university students from 24 countries. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021; 43:857-866. [PMID: 34918087 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are on the increase. The goal of the study was to estimate the prevalence and correlates of multiple behavioural risk factors of NCDs among university students from 24 countries. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, the sample included 18 017 university students from countries in Africa, the Americas and Asia. RESULTS indicate that prevalence of single behavioural NCD risk indicators were 38.2% for physical inactivity, 80.5% for inadequate fruit and vegetables intake, 23.1% for having overweight/obesity, 10.5% for heavy alcohol use and 11.8% for current tobacco use. Students had on average 1.6 (SD = 0.9), and 15.9% had three or more behavioural NCD risk factors. In adjusted linear regression, male sex was positively and stronger beliefs in health benefits were negatively associated with multiple behavioural NCD risk factors. CONCLUSIONS A high prevalence and co-occurrence of behavioural risk factors of NCDs was discovered. Several behavioural NCD risk factors, such as male sex and low health behaviour benefits beliefs, were found that could be utilized in targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.,Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0727, South Africa
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, 19 Nguyen Huu Tho street, Tan Phong ward, District, 7 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, 19 Nguyen Huu Tho street, Tan Phong ward, District, 7 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Traumatic brain injury in adolescence: A review of the neurobiological and behavioural underpinnings and outcomes. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2020.100943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Lotrean LM, Man M, Gavrilescu C, Florea M. Electronic Cigarette Use and Its Relationship with Smoking and Alcohol and Illicit Drug Consumption among Romanian University Students. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57020137. [PMID: 33557228 PMCID: PMC7913983 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57020137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: This study assesses electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use and its relationship with smoking and alcohol and illicit drug consumption among Romanian university students. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study using anonymous questionnaire was performed in 2017 among 400 university students from Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Results: 95.5% of the participants had heard about e-cigarettes and 43.7% of these had tried e-cigarettes during their lifetime, while 8.9% declared using cigarettes in the previous month (one out of five students who had tried them during their lifetime). Half of the students had smoked during their lifetime and one third had smoked in the previous month. Eighty-five percent of participants had experimented alcohol intoxication during their lifetime and 45% had done so in the previous month, while illicit drug use during their lifetime and the previous month was 34% and 9.5%, respectively. The results of the linear regression analyses show a positive correlation between e-cigarette use, smoking, experimentation with alcohol intoxication, and the use of illicit drugs. Conclusions: Future studies as well as educational activities should address the complex relationship between e-cigarette and other substance use among Romanian youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Maria Lotrean
- Department of Community Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.M.L.); (M.F.)
| | - Milena Man
- Department of Medical Specialties, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Cristina Gavrilescu
- First Medical Department, Gr. T. Popa, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Mira Florea
- Department of Community Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.M.L.); (M.F.)
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Lukács A, Sasvári P, Kiss-Tóth E. Physical activity and physical fitness as protective factors of adolescent health. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2018; 32:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2018-0017/ijamh-2018-0017.xml. [PMID: 30106750 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2018-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This quantitative correlational design study aimed to examine the variation in adolescent health and lifestyle characteristics across self-reported physical activity (PA) and physical fitness (PF) levels. METHODS Data were collected from 422 students (50.2% males) (16.33 SD = 1.66 y/o) attending a high school. An online questionnaire was used to gather data on the following characteristics: self-reported well-being, overall life satisfaction, depression (including self-harm and suicidal ideation), perceived health status, eating disorders, sleepiness, substance use (alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use), body mass index, PA participation and PF levels. RESULTS Of the participants, 42.4% reported at least 5 days of PA a week for 60 min per day. These high active individuals had significantly better well-being, health status, life satisfaction, PF and consumed fewer alcohol beverages. High PA and better PF inversely correlated with depression. CONCLUSIONS It seems that high PA and better PF have a positive impact on adolescent perceived health, health-risk behaviors and mental health. Increased levels of PA can play a vital role in the primary care, prevention of health risks and in adolescent health promotion. Accordingly, educational institutions are an excellent setting to promote and provide sport facilities and encourage students to be more physically active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lukács
- Faculty of Health Care, University of Miskolc, H-3515 Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary, Phone: +36 46 565111/2215 ext. or 2681 ext., Fax: +36 46 366961
| | - Péter Sasvári
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Informatics, University of Miskolc, Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Emőke Kiss-Tóth
- Faculty of Health Care, University of Miskolc, Miskolc, Hungary
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Duell N, Steinberg L, Icenogle G, Chein J, Chaudhary N, Di Giunta L, Dodge KA, Fanti KA, Lansford JE, Oburu P, Pastorelli C, Skinner AT, Sorbring E, Tapanya S, Uribe Tirado LM, Alampay LP, Al-Hassan SM, Takash HMS, Bacchini D, Chang L. Age Patterns in Risk Taking Across the World. J Youth Adolesc 2018; 47:1052-1072. [PMID: 29047004 PMCID: PMC5878702 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-017-0752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological data indicate that risk behaviors are among the leading causes of adolescent morbidity and mortality worldwide. Consistent with this, laboratory-based studies of age differences in risk behavior allude to a peak in adolescence, suggesting that adolescents demonstrate a heightened propensity, or inherent inclination, to take risks. Unlike epidemiological reports, studies of risk taking propensity have been limited to Western samples, leaving questions about the extent to which heightened risk taking propensity is an inherent or culturally constructed aspect of adolescence. In the present study, age patterns in risk-taking propensity (using two laboratory tasks: the Stoplight and the BART) and real-world risk taking (using self-reports of health and antisocial risk taking) were examined in a sample of 5227 individuals (50.7% female) ages 10-30 (M = 17.05 years, SD = 5.91) from 11 Western and non-Western countries (China, Colombia, Cyprus, India, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the US). Two hypotheses were tested: (1) risk taking follows an inverted-U pattern across age groups, peaking earlier on measures of risk taking propensity than on measures of real-world risk taking, and (2) age patterns in risk taking propensity are more consistent across countries than age patterns in real-world risk taking. Overall, risk taking followed the hypothesized inverted-U pattern across age groups, with health risk taking evincing the latest peak. Age patterns in risk taking propensity were more consistent across countries than age patterns in real-world risk taking. Results suggest that although the association between age and risk taking is sensitive to measurement and culture, around the world, risk taking is generally highest among late adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Duell
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Laurence Steinberg
- Department of Psychology, Temple University and King Abdulaziz University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Grace Icenogle
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason Chein
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nandita Chaudhary
- Department of Human Development and Childhood Studies, Lady Irwin College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Laura Di Giunta
- Department of Psychology, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Roma, RM, Italy
| | - Kenneth A Dodge
- Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kostas A Fanti
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Kallipoleos, Cyprus
| | | | - Paul Oburu
- Department of Educational Psychology, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | | | - Ann T Skinner
- Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Emma Sorbring
- Department of Psychology, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
| | - Sombat Tapanya
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Liane Peña Alampay
- Department of Psychology, Ateneo de Manila University, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Suha M Al-Hassan
- Hashemite University and Emirates College for Advanced Education, Al Zafranah, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hanan M S Takash
- Queen Rania Faculty for Childhood, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Dario Bacchini
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, CE, Italy
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Zhuhai Shi, China
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Blignaut RJ, Vergnani T, Jacobs JJ. Correlates of sexual activity versus non-activity of incoming first-year students at a South African university. AJAR-AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AIDS RESEARCH 2015; 13:81-91. [PMID: 25174519 DOI: 10.2989/16085906.2014.901977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to contribute to the design of more effective programmes to curb the spread of HIV at tertiary institutions, this study compares the profile of students who are sexually active versus those who are not yet sexually active when entering university. The study was conducted among three cohorts of first-year university students at the University of the Western Cape from 2007 to 2009. A range of correlates of sexual activity versus non-activity were explored using logistic regression analysis. The predicted probabilities of the logit link function depict marked differences between genders and racial groups. Males were more likely than females to be sexually active when entering university and the Black racial group was more likely than other racial groups to be sexually active. Risk-taking behaviours such as smoking, alcohol and drug use were shown to increase the likelihood of being sexually active when entering university, as did indicators of depression and suicidal ideation. The results indicate that religion plays an important role in influencing sexual behaviour, highlighting the important potential role that religious organisations can play in addressing HIV risk at tertiary institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renette J Blignaut
- a Department of Statistics and Population Studies , University of the Western Cape , Private Bag X17, Bellville , 7535
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Knight-Madden JM, Barton-Gooden A, Weaver SR, Reid M, Greenough A. Mortality, asthma, smoking and acute chest syndrome in young adults with sickle cell disease. Lung 2012; 191:95-100. [PMID: 23149803 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-012-9435-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sickle cell disease (SCD) patients with asthma have an increased risk of death. Acute chest syndrome (ACS) is a major cause of mortality in patients with SCD, and ACS may be more common in SCD patients who smoke. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that mortality in young adults with SCD would be greater than that of controls during a 10-year period and to determine whether asthma, reduced lung function, ACS episodes, and/or smoking predicted mortality during the follow-up period. METHODS The outcomes during a 10-year period were ascertained of SCD patients and race-matched controls who had taken part in a pulmonary function study when they were between age 19 and 27 years. Smoking and asthma status and whether they had had ACS episodes were determined, and lung function was measured at the initial assessment. RESULTS Seventy-five subjects with SCD were followed for 683 patient years. There were 11 deaths with a mortality rate of 1.6 deaths per 100 patient years, which was higher than that of the controls; one death in 47 controls was observed for 469 patient years with a mortality rate of 0.2 per 100 patient years (p = 0.03). There were no significant associations of body mass index, recurrent episodes of acute chest, steady state haemoglobin, or gender with mortality. Adjusting for baseline lung function in SCD patients, "current" asthma [hazard ratio (HR) 11.2; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 2.5-50.6; p = 0.002] and smoking [HR 2.7; (95 % CI 1.3-5.5); p = 0.006] were significantly associated with mortality during the 10-year period. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that young adults with SCD should be discouraged from smoking and their asthma aggressively treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Knight-Madden
- Sickle Cell Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica, West Indies.
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