1
|
Martin JT, Boyle AT, Padilla CJ, Bridges BE, Britt CR, Armijo-Sonnenberg J, Gompper ME. SEASONAL AND HOST-ASSOCIATED VARIATION IN BOT FLY (OESTRIDAE: CUTEREBRINAE) PARASITISM OF LAGOMORPHS ACROSS AN ARID-LAND ECOSYSTEM IN SOUTHERN NEW MEXICO. J Parasitol 2023; 109:486-494. [PMID: 37722695 DOI: 10.1645/22-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bot flies (Oestridae: Cuterebrinae) are obligate mammalian parasites that complete the larval stage of their life cycle under the skin of their host. Most detailed studies of bot fly larval disease ecology have been conducted in temperate deciduous zone rodent systems. To understand the relative importance of seasonal and spatial factors, as well as factors intrinsic to the host, in underpinning the likelihood and extent of parasitism by bot flies in non-rodent hosts as well as in arid-land ecosystems, we examined the dynamic for black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus) and desert cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii) parasitism by bot fly larvae (Cuterebra spp.) across 7 repeatedly sampled sites spread across approximately 500 km of the Chihuahuan Desert ecoregion of southern New Mexico. This environment is characterized by a climate that includes hot dry summers and cool to cold dry winters, as well as strongly seasonal summer monsoonal rains. Lagomorphs are a common mid-sized mammal in these landscapes. Bot fly parasitism was strongly seasonal, with peak prevalence and abundance in the spring, and there was spatial variation in the extent of parasitism between collection sites. Additionally, jackrabbits in better body condition were less likely to be parasitized (as indicated by kidney fat index). We did not find sex-based differences in bot fly parasitism between male and female jackrabbits. Thus, in arid-land ecoregions, abiotic factors are likely the primary driver of the bot fly-host interaction, whereas factors intrinsic to the host were of secondary importance for characterizing the interactions of bot flies and lagomorphs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica T Martin
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology, New Mexico State University, 2980 South Espina Street, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003
| | - Anna T Boyle
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology, New Mexico State University, 2980 South Espina Street, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003
| | - Colton J Padilla
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology, New Mexico State University, 2980 South Espina Street, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003
| | - Bethany E Bridges
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology, New Mexico State University, 2980 South Espina Street, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003
| | - Charles R Britt
- Mesa Ecological Services, P.O. Box 2458, Mesilla Park, New Mexico 88047
| | - Jaidyn Armijo-Sonnenberg
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology, New Mexico State University, 2980 South Espina Street, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003
| | - Matthew E Gompper
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology, New Mexico State University, 2980 South Espina Street, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Richgels KLD, Russell RE, Adams MJ, White CL, Grant EHC. Spatial variation in risk and consequence of Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans introduction in the USA. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2016; 3:150616. [PMID: 26998331 PMCID: PMC4785982 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.150616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A newly identified fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans(Bsal), is responsible for mass mortality events and severe population declines in European salamanders. The eastern USA has the highest diversity of salamanders in the world and the introduction of this pathogen is likely to be devastating. Although data are inevitably limited for new pathogens, disease-risk assessments use best available data to inform management decisions. Using characteristics of Bsalecology, spatial data on imports and pet trade establishments, and salamander species diversity, we identify high-risk areas with both a high likelihood of introduction and severe consequences for local salamanders. We predict that the Pacific coast, southern Appalachian Mountains and mid-Atlantic regions will have the highest relative risk from Bsal. Management of invasive pathogens becomes difficult once they are established in wildlife populations; therefore, import restrictions to limit pathogen introduction and early detection through surveillance of high-risk areas are priorities for preventing the next crisis for North American salamanders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L. D. Richgels
- US Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, 6006 Schroeder Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Author for correspondence: Katherine L. D. Richgels e-mail:
| | - Robin E. Russell
- US Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, 6006 Schroeder Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Michael J. Adams
- US Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - C. LeAnn White
- US Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, 6006 Schroeder Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Evan H. Campbell Grant
- US Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory, 1 Migratory Way, Turner Falls, MA 01376, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Grogan LF, Berger L, Rose K, Grillo V, Cashins SD, Skerratt LF. Surveillance for emerging biodiversity diseases of wildlife. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004015. [PMID: 24875394 PMCID: PMC4038591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura F. Grogan
- One Health Research Group, School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lee Berger
- One Health Research Group, School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Karrie Rose
- Australian Registry of Wildlife Health, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Victoria Grillo
- Wildlife Health Australia (formerly Australian Wildlife Health Network), Georges Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Scott D. Cashins
- One Health Research Group, School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lee F. Skerratt
- One Health Research Group, School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Böll S, Tobler U, Geiger CC, Hansbauer G, Schmidt BR. The amphibian chytrid fungus in Bavarian populations of Alytes obstetricans: past absence, current presence, and metamorph mortality. AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA 2012. [DOI: 10.1163/156853812x651856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In three Bavarian populations of Alytes obstetricans that were studied for the occurrence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, the pathogen was detected. This is the first account of chytridiomycosis in Bavaria, Germany. Infected tadpoles had low infection loads mostly of 101 to 102 genome equivalents. Under high-density rearing conditions in the laboratory mortality rates were high after metamorphosis. Some individuals, however, showed no infection with Bd, while others survived metamorphosis in spite of low Bd loads. A new approach was chosen to get historical data on Bd occurrence in one of these populations: skeletochronological phalanx cross sections of 248 individuals that had been collected in the late 1980s were used to analyse the epidermis for chytrid sporangia. No sporangia were detected, thus we conclude that this population was not affected by Bd in the past.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Böll
- 1Agency for Population Ecology and Nature Conservancy, Gerbrunn, Germany
| | - Ursina Tobler
- 2Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Corina C. Geiger
- 2Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Benedikt R. Schmidt
- 2Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- 4KARCH, Passage Maximilien-de-Meuron 6, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Moslonka-Lefebvre M, Finley A, Dorigatti I, Dehnen-Schmutz K, Harwood T, Jeger MJ, Xu X, Holdenrieder O, Pautasso M. Networks in plant epidemiology: from genes to landscapes, countries, and continents. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2011; 101:392-403. [PMID: 21062110 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-10-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing use of networks in ecology and epidemiology, but still relatively little application in phytopathology. Networks are sets of elements (nodes) connected in various ways by links (edges). Network analysis aims to understand system dynamics and outcomes in relation to network characteristics. Many existing natural, social, and technological networks have been shown to have small-world (local connectivity with short-cuts) and scale-free (presence of super-connected nodes) properties. In this review, we discuss how network concepts can be applied in plant pathology from the molecular to the landscape and global level. Wherever disease spread occurs not just because of passive/natural dispersion but also due to artificial movements, it makes sense to superimpose realistic models of the trade in plants on spatially explicit models of epidemic development. We provide an example of an emerging pathosystem (Phytophthora ramorum) where a theoretical network approach has proven particularly fruitful in analyzing the spread of disease in the UK plant trade. These studies can help in assessing the future threat posed by similar emerging pathogens. Networks have much potential in plant epidemiology and should become part of the standard curriculum.
Collapse
|
6
|
Johnson PTJ, Kellermanns E, Bowerman J. Critical windows of disease risk: amphibian pathology driven by developmental changes in host resistance and tolerance. Funct Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01830.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|