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Évora AS, Zhang Z, Johnson SA, Adams MJ. The effects of hydration on the topographical and mechanical properties of corneocytes. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106296. [PMID: 38141363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that the biomechanical properties of the Stratum Corneum (SC) are influenced by both moisture-induced plasticization and the lipid content. This study employs Atomic Force Microscopy to investigate how hydration affects the surface topographical and elasto-viscoplastic characteristics of corneocytes from two anatomical sites. Volar forearm cells underwent swelling when immersed in water with a 50% increase in thickness and volume. Similarly, medial heel cells demonstrated significant swelling in volume, accompanied by increased cell area and reduced cell roughness. Furthermore, as the water activity was increased, they exhibited enhanced compliance, leading to a decreased Young's modulus, hardness, and relaxation times. Moreover, the swollen cells also displayed a greater tolerance to strain before experiencing permanent deformation. Despite the greater predominance of immature cornified envelopes in plantar skin, the comparable Young's modulus of medial heel and forearm corneocytes suggests that cell stiffness primarily relies on the keratin matrix rather than on the cornified envelope. The Young's moduli of the cells in distilled water are similar to those reported for the SC, which suggests that the corneodesmosomes and intercellular lamellae lipids junctions that connect the corneocytes are able to accommodate the mechanical deformations of the SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Évora
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Simon A Johnson
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Michael J Adams
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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2
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Kanjira SC, Adams MJ, Yunxuan J, Chao T, Lewis CM, Kuchenbaecker K, McIntosh AM. Polygenic prediction of major depressive disorder and related traits in African ancestries UK Biobank participants. medRxiv 2023:2023.12.24.23300412. [PMID: 38234770 PMCID: PMC10793522 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.24.23300412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) over-represent European ancestries compared to the global population, neglecting all other ancestry groups and low-income nations. Consequently, polygenic risk scores (PRS) more accurately predict complex traits in Europeans than African Ancestries groups. Very few studies have looked at the transferability of European-derived PRS for behavioural and mental health phenotypes to non-Europeans. We assessed the comparative accuracy of PRS for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) trained on European and African Ancestries GWAS studies to predict MDD and related traits in African Ancestries participants from the UK Biobank. Methods UK Biobank participants were selected based on Principal component analysis (PCA) clustering with an African genetic similarity reference population and MDD was assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS) were computed using PRSice2 using either European or African Ancestries GWAS summary statistics. Results PRS trained on European ancestry samples (246,363 cases) predicted case control status in Africans of the UK Biobank with similar accuracies (190 cases, R2=2%) to PRS trained on far much smaller samples of African Ancestries participants from 23andMe, Inc. (5045 cases, R2=1.8%). This suggests that prediction of MDD status from Africans to Africans had greater efficiency per unit increase in the discovery sample size than prediction of MDD from Europeans to Africans. Prediction of MDD status in African UK Biobank participants using GWAS findings of causal risk factors from European ancestries was non-significant. Conclusion GWAS studies of MDD in European ancestries are an inefficient means of improving polygenic prediction accuracy in African samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Kanjira
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - M J Adams
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - A M McIntosh
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK
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3
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Tornabene BJ, Hossack BR, Halstead BJ, Eagles-Smith CA, Adams MJ, Backlin AR, Brand AB, Emery CS, Fisher RN, Fleming J, Glorioso BM, Grear DA, Grant EHC, Kleeman PM, Miller DAW, Muths E, Pearl CA, Rowe JC, Rumrill CT, Waddle JH, Winzeler ME, Smalling KL. Broad-Scale Assessment of Methylmercury in Adult Amphibians. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:17511-17521. [PMID: 37902062 PMCID: PMC10653216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a toxic contaminant that has been mobilized and distributed worldwide and is a threat to many wildlife species. Amphibians are facing unprecedented global declines due to many threats including contaminants. While the biphasic life history of many amphibians creates a potential nexus for methylmercury (MeHg) exposure in aquatic habitats and subsequent health effects, the broad-scale distribution of MeHg exposure in amphibians remains unknown. We used nonlethal sampling to assess MeHg bioaccumulation in 3,241 juvenile and adult amphibians during 2017-2021. We sampled 26 populations (14 species) across 11 states in the United States, including several imperiled species that could not have been sampled by traditional lethal methods. We examined whether life history traits of species and whether the concentration of total mercury in sediment or dragonflies could be used as indicators of MeHg bioaccumulation in amphibians. Methylmercury contamination was widespread, with a 33-fold difference in concentrations across sites. Variation among years and clustered subsites was less than variation across sites. Life history characteristics such as size, sex, and whether the amphibian was a frog, toad, newt, or other salamander were the factors most strongly associated with bioaccumulation. Total Hg in dragonflies was a reliable indicator of bioaccumulation of MeHg in amphibians (R2 ≥ 0.67), whereas total Hg in sediment was not (R2 ≤ 0.04). Our study, the largest broad-scale assessment of MeHg bioaccumulation in amphibians, highlights methodological advances that allow for nonlethal sampling of rare species and reveals immense variation among species, life histories, and sites. Our findings can help identify sensitive populations and provide environmentally relevant concentrations for future studies to better quantify the potential threats of MeHg to amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Tornabene
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain
Science Center, Missoula, Montana 59801, United States
| | - Blake R. Hossack
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain
Science Center, Missoula, Montana 59801, United States
- Wildlife
Biology Program, W. A. Franke College of Forestry & Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Brian J. Halstead
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research
Center, Dixon, California 95620, United States
| | - Collin A. Eagles-Smith
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland
Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 United States
| | - Michael J. Adams
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland
Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 United States
| | - Adam R. Backlin
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research
Center, San Diego, California 92101, United States
| | - Adrianne B. Brand
- U.S. Geological
Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center
(Patuxent Wildlife Research Center), Turners Falls, Massachusetts 01376, United States
| | - Colleen S. Emery
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland
Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 United States
| | - Robert N. Fisher
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research
Center, San Diego, California 92101, United States
| | - Jill Fleming
- U.S. Geological
Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center
(Patuxent Wildlife Research Center), Turners Falls, Massachusetts 01376, United States
| | - Brad M. Glorioso
- U.S.
Geological
Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, Louisiana 70506, United States
| | - Daniel A. Grear
- U.S.
Geological
Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Evan H. Campbell Grant
- U.S. Geological
Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center
(Patuxent Wildlife Research Center), Turners Falls, Massachusetts 01376, United States
| | - Patrick M. Kleeman
- U.S.
Geological
Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Point Reyes Station, California 94956, United States
| | - David A. W. Miller
- Department
of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania
State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Erin Muths
- U.S. Geological
Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, United States
| | - Christopher A. Pearl
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland
Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 United States
| | - Jennifer C. Rowe
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland
Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 United States
| | - Caitlin T. Rumrill
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland
Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 United States
| | - J. Hardin Waddle
- U.S. Geological
Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Gainesville, Florida 32653, United States
| | - Megan E. Winzeler
- U.S.
Geological
Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Kelly L. Smalling
- U.S. Geological
Survey, New Jersey Water Science Center, Lawrenceville, New Jersey 08648, United States
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Évora AS, Zhang Z, Johnson SA, Adams MJ. Characterisation of topographical, biomechanical and maturation properties of corneocytes with respect to anatomical location. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13507. [PMID: 38009042 PMCID: PMC10591027 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Stratum Corneum (SC) is the first barrier of the skin. The properties of individual cells are crucial in understanding how the SC at different anatomical regions maintains a healthy mechanical barrier. The aim of the current study is to present a comprehensive description of the maturation and mechanical properties of superficial corneocytes at different anatomical sites in the nominal dry state. MATERIALS AND METHODS Corneocytes were collected from five anatomical sites: forearm, cheek, neck, sacrum and medial heel of 10 healthy young participants. The surface topography was analysed using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The level of positive-involucrin cornified envelopes (CEs) and desmoglein-1 (Dsg1) were used as indirect measures of immature CEs and corneodesmosomes, respectively. In addition, AFM nanoindentation and stress-relaxation experiments were performed to characterise the mechanical properties. RESULTS Volar forearm, neck and sacrum corneocytes presented similar topographies (ridges and valleys) and levels of Dsg1 (13-37%). In contrast, cheek cells exhibited circular nano-objects, while medial heel cells were characterized by villi-like structures. Additionally, medial heel samples also showed the greatest level of immature CEs (32-56%, p < 0.001) and Dsg1 (59-78%, p < 0.001). A large degree of inter-subject variability was found for the Young's moduli of the cells (0.19-2.03 GPa), which was correlated with the level of immature CEs at the cheek, neck and sacrum (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION It is concluded that a comprehensive study of the mechanical and maturation properties of corneocytes may be used to understand the barrier functions of the SC at different anatomical sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S. Évora
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Simon A. Johnson
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Michael J. Adams
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
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Évora AS, Abiakam N, Zhang Z, Johnson SA, Adams MJ, Bader DL, Worsley PR. Characterisation of superficial corneocyte properties over category I pressure ulcers: Insights into topographical and maturation changes. J Dermatol Sci 2023; 112:63-70. [PMID: 37953180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pressure ulcers (PUs) are chronic wounds that are detrimental to the quality of life of patients. Despite advances in monitoring skin changes, the structure and function of skin cells over the site of pressure ulcers are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE The present study aims to evaluate local changes in the properties of superficial corneocytes in category 1 PU sites sampled from a cohort of hospitalised patients. METHODS Cells were collected from a PU-compromised site and an adjacent control area and their topographical, maturation and mechanical properties were analysed. RESULTS Corneocytes at the PU-compromised site were characterised by higher levels of immature cornified envelopes (p < 0.001) and greater amounts of desmoglein-1 (corneodesmosomal protein) (p < 0.001) compared to the adjacent control area. The cells at the control site presented the typical ridges-and-valleys topographical features of sacrum corneocytes. By contrast, the PU cells presented circular nano-objects at the cell surface, and, for some patients, the cell topography was deformed. CEs at the PU site were also smaller than at the control site. Although differences were not observed in the mechanical properties of the cells, those of the elderly patients were much softer compared with young subjects. CONCLUSION This is the first study investigating the changes in corneocyte properties in category I pressure ulcers. Superficial cells at the PU sites showed altered topographical and maturation characteristics. Further studies are required to elucidate if these changes are a consequence of early loss of skin integrity or a result of mechanical and microclimate insults to the skin surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Évora
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Nkemjika Abiakam
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Simon A Johnson
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michael J Adams
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dan L Bader
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Peter R Worsley
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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S Évora A, Abiakam N, Jayabal H, Worsley PR, Zhang Z, A Johnson S, J Adams M, Bader DL. Characterisation of superficial corneocytes in skin areas of the face exposed to prolonged usage of respirators by healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic. J Tissue Viability 2023; 32:305-313. [PMID: 36813598 PMCID: PMC9918437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During the COVID-19 pandemic healthcare workers (HCWs) have used respiratory protective equipment for prolonged periods, which has been associated with detrimental effects on the underlying skin. The present study aims to evaluate changes in the main cells (corneocytes) of the stratum corneum (SC) following prolonged and consecutive use of respirators. METHODS 17 HCWs who wore respirators daily during routine hospital practice were recruited to a longitudinal cohort study. Corneocytes were collected via tape stripping from a negative control site (area outside the respirator) and from the cheek which was in contact with the device. Corneocytes were sampled on three occasions and analysed for the level of positive-involucrin cornified envelopes (CEs) and the amount of desmoglein-1 (Dsg1), as indirect measurements of immature CEs and corneodesmosomes (CDs), respectively. These were compared to biophysical measurements (Transepidermal water loss, TEWL, and SC hydration) at the same investigation sites. RESULTS A large degree of inter-subject variability was observed, with maximum coefficients of variation of 43% and 30% for the level of immature CEs and Dsg1, respectively. Although it was observed that there was not an effect of prolonged respirator usage on the properties of corneocytes, the level of CDs was greater at the cheek than the negative control site (p < 0.05). Furthermore, low levels of immature CEs correlated with greater TEWL values after prolonged respirator application (p < 0.01). It was also noted that a smaller proportion of immature CEs and CDs was associated with a reduced incidence of self-reported skin adverse reactions (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study that investigated changes in corneocyte properties in the context of prolonged mechanical loading following respirator application. Although differences were not recorded over time, the levels of CDs and immature CEs were consistently higher in the loaded cheek compared to the negative control site and were positively correlated with a greater number of self-reported skin adverse reactions. Further studies are required to evaluate the role of corneocyte characteristics in the evaluation of both healthy and damaged skin sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Évora
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Nkemjika Abiakam
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Hemalatha Jayabal
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Peter R Worsley
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Simon A Johnson
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michael J Adams
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dan L Bader
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Ho YC, Brake SJ, Ahuja K, Acott N, Tiao J, Baker R, Adams MJ. IgG fractions from patients with antiphospholipid syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus bind to platelets, but do not affect collagen-induced platelet activation. Biotech Histochem 2022; 97:604-615. [PMID: 35394397 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2022.2049878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-beta-2 glycoprotein 1 (anti-β2GP1) is an antiphospholipid antibody found in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Its presence commonly is associated with thrombosis; however, the mechanisms of interaction of anti-β2GP1 antibodies and platelets remain unclear. We investigated the effects of APS and SLE patient-derived IgG fractions on collagen-mediated platelet aggregation and examined the binding of patient-derived IgG to platelets before and after activation by collagen. IgG fractions, 150, 200, 300 or 350 µg/ml, isolated from 11 patients with APS and SLE were incubated with two sets of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the incubation wells of an aggregometer. The first set was activated by collagen and the other set was incubated for an additional 10 min. All platelets were collected by centrifugation and fixed in cell blocks. We assessed binding of IgG to platelets using immunocytochemistry (ICC). Patient-derived IgG fractions did not affect collagen-induced platelet aggregation. ICC staining using anti-human IgG antibodies demonstrated that patient-derived IgG fractions had greater affinity for non-activated platelets than those activated by 0.75 µg/ml collagen. Patient-derived IgG fractions bound to the surface of platelets and potentially could be internalized by platelets. IgG fractions from APS and SLE patients may sensitize non-activated platelets, which could increase platelet reactivity and thrombotic risk in patients. We did not detect secondary effects of patient-derived IgG fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Ho
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - S J Brake
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kdk Ahuja
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - N Acott
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - J Tiao
- Western Australian Centre for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - R Baker
- Western Australian Centre for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - M J Adams
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
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Rowe JC, Duarte A, Pearl CA, McCreary B, Haggerty PK, Jones JW, Adams MJ. Demography of the Oregon spotted frog along a hydrologically modified river. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C. Rowe
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis Oregon97331USA
| | - Adam Duarte
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station 3625 93rd Avenue SW Olympia Washington98512USA
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Oregon State University 104 Nash Hall Corvallis Oregon97331USA
| | - Christopher A. Pearl
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis Oregon97331USA
| | - Brome McCreary
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis Oregon97331USA
| | - Patricia K. Haggerty
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis Oregon97331USA
| | - John W. Jones
- Hydrologic Remote Sensing Branch U.S. Geological Survey 11649 Leetown Road Kearneysville West Virginia25430USA
| | - Michael J. Adams
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis Oregon97331USA
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9
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Évora AS, Adams MJ, Johnson SA, Zhang Z. Corneocytes: Relationship between Structural and Biomechanical Properties. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 34:146-161. [PMID: 33780956 DOI: 10.1159/000513054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin is the interface between an organism and the external environment, and hence the stratum corneum (SC) is the first to withstand mechanical insults that, in certain conditions, may lead to integrity loss and the development of pressure ulcers. The SC comprises corneocytes, which are vital elements to its barrier function. These cells are differentiated dead keratinocytes, without organelles, composed of a cornified envelope and a keratin-filled interior, and connected by corneodesmosomes (CDs). SUMMARY The current review focusses on the relationship between the morphological, structural, and topographical features of corneocytes and their mechanical properties, to understand how they assist the SC in maintaining skin integrity and in responding to mechanical insults. Key Messages: Corneocytes create distinct regions in the SC: the inner SC is characterized by immature cells with a fragile cornified envelope and a uniform distribution of CDs; the upper SC has resilient cornified envelopes and a honeycomb distribution of CDs, with a greater surface area and a smaller thickness than cells from the inner layer. The literature indicates that this upward maturation process is one of the most important steps in the mechanical resistance and barrier function of the SC. The morphology of these cells is dependent on the body site: the surface area in non-exposed skin is about 1,000-1,200 μm2, while for exposed skin, for example, the cheek and forehead, is about 700-800 μm2. Corneocytes are stiff cells compared to other cellular types, for example, the Young's modulus of muscle and fibroblast cells is typically a few kPa, while that of corneocytes is reported to be about hundreds of MPa. Moreover, these skin cells have 2 distinct mechanical regions: the cornified envelope (100-250 MPa) and the keratin matrix (250-500 MPa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Évora
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Adams
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Simon A Johnson
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Smalling KL, Rowe JC, Pearl CA, Iwanowicz LR, Givens CE, Anderson CW, McCreary B, Adams MJ. Monitoring wetland water quality related to livestock grazing in amphibian habitats. Environ Monit Assess 2021; 193:58. [PMID: 33439357 PMCID: PMC7806560 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08838-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Land use alteration such as livestock grazing can affect water quality in habitats of at-risk wildlife species. Data from managed wetlands are needed to understand levels of exposure for aquatic life stages and monitor grazing-related changes afield. We quantified spatial and temporal variation in water quality in wetlands occupied by threatened Oregon spotted frog (Rana pretiosa) at Klamath Marsh National Wildlife Refuge in Oregon, United States (US). We used analyses for censored data to evaluate the importance of habitat type and grazing history in predicting concentrations of nutrients, turbidity, fecal indicator bacteria (FIB; total coliforms, Escherichia coli (E. coli), and enterococci), and estrogenicity, an indicator of estrogenic activity. Nutrients (orthophosphate and ammonia) and enterococci varied over time and space, while E. coli, total coliforms, turbidity, and estrogenicity were more strongly associated with local livestock grazing metrics. Turbidity was correlated with several grazing-related constituents and may be particularly useful for monitoring water quality in landscapes with livestock use. Concentrations of orthophosphate and estrogenicity were elevated at several sites relative to published health benchmarks, and their potential effects on Rana pretiosa warrant further investigation. Our data provided an initial assessment of potential exposure of amphibians to grazing-related constituents in western US wetlands. Increased monitoring of surface water quality and amphibian population status in combination with controlled laboratory toxicity studies could help inform future research and targeted management strategies for wetlands with both grazing and amphibians of conservation concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Smalling
- U.S. Geological Survey, New Jersey Water Science Center, Lawrenceville, NJ, 08648, USA.
| | - Jennifer C Rowe
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Christopher A Pearl
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Luke R Iwanowicz
- U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Carrie E Givens
- U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, Lansing, MI, 48911, USA
| | - Chauncey W Anderson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Oregon Water Science Center, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Brome McCreary
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Michael J Adams
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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Abstract
For most mammals, touch is the first sense to develop. They must feel vibrations on the surface of their skin to enable them to respond to various stimuli in their environment, a process called vibrotaction. But how do mammals perceive these vibrations? Through mathematical modeling of the skin and touch receptors, we show that vibrotaction is dominated by "surface" Rayleigh waves traveling cooperatively through all layers of the skin and bone. Applying our model to experimental data, we identify a universal scaling law for the depth of touch receptors across multiple species, indicating an evolutionarily conserved constant in the sensation of vibrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Andrews
- School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - M J Adams
- School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Gorbalenya AE, Krupovic M, Mushegian A, Kropinski AM, Siddell SG, Varsani A, Adams MJ, Davison AJ, Dutilh BE, Harrach B, Harrison RL, Junglen S, King AMQ, Knowles NJ, Lefkowitz EJ, Nibert ML, Rubino L, Sabanadzovic S, Sanfaçon H, Simmonds P, Walker PJ, Zerbini FM, Kuhn JH. The new scope of virus taxonomy: partitioning the virosphere into 15 hierarchical ranks. Nat Microbiol 2020; 5:668-674. [PMID: 32341570 PMCID: PMC7186216 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-0709-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Virus taxonomy emerged as a discipline in the middle of the twentieth century. Traditionally, classification by virus taxonomists has been focussed on the grouping of relatively closely related viruses. However, during the past few years, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) has recognized that the taxonomy it develops can be usefully extended to include the basal evolutionary relationships among distantly related viruses. Consequently, the ICTV has changed its Code to allow a 15-rank classification hierarchy that closely aligns with the Linnaean taxonomic system and may accommodate the entire spectrum of genetic divergence in the virosphere. The current taxonomies of three human pathogens, Ebola virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and herpes simplex virus 1 are used to illustrate the impact of the expanded rank structure. This new rank hierarchy of virus taxonomy will stimulate further research on virus origins and evolution, and vice versa, and could promote crosstalk with the taxonomies of cellular organisms.
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13
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Hossack BR, Adams MJ, Honeycutt RK, Belt JJ, Pyare S. Amphibian chytrid prevalence on boreal toads in SE Alaska and NW British Columbia: tests of habitat, life stages, and temporal trends. Dis Aquat Organ 2020; 137:159-165. [PMID: 31942861 DOI: 10.3354/dao03430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tracking and understanding variation in pathogens such as Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), the agent of amphibian chytridiomycosis which has caused population declines globally, is a priority for many land managers. However, relatively little sampling of amphibian communities has occurred at high latitudes. We used skin swabs collected during 2005-2017 from boreal toads Anaxyrus boreas (n = 248), in southeast Alaska (USA; primarily in and near Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park [KLGO]) and northwest British Columbia (Canada) to determine how Bd prevalence varied across life stages, habitat characteristics, local species richness, and time. Across all years, Bd prevalence peaked in June and was >3 times greater for adult toads (37.5%) vs. juveniles and metamorphs (11.2%). Bd prevalence for toads in the KLGO area, where other amphibian species are rare or absent, was highest from river habitats (55.0%), followed by human-modified upland wetlands (32.3%) and natural upland wetlands (12.7%)-the same rank-order these habitats are used for toad breeding. None of the 12 Columbia spotted frogs Rana luteiventris or 2 wood frogs R. sylvatica from the study area tested Bd-positive, although all were from an area of low host density where Bd has not been detected. Prevalence of Bd on toads in the KLGO area decreased during 2005-2015. This trend from a largely single-species system may be encouraging or concerning, depending on how Bd is affecting vital rates, and emphasizes the need to understand effects of pathogens before translating disease prevalence into management actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake R Hossack
- US Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Missoula, MT 59801, USA
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Holgerson MA, Duarte A, Hayes MP, Adams MJ, Tyson JA, Douville KA, Strecker AL. Floodplains provide important amphibian habitat despite multiple ecological threats. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A. Holgerson
- Department of Environmental Science and Management Portland State University Portland Oregon 97201 USA
| | - Adam Duarte
- Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - Marc P. Hayes
- Aquatic Research Section, Habitat Program Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Olympia Washington 98501 USA
| | - Michael J. Adams
- U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - Julie A. Tyson
- Aquatic Research Section, Habitat Program Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Olympia Washington 98501 USA
| | - Keith A. Douville
- Aquatic Research Section, Habitat Program Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Olympia Washington 98501 USA
| | - Angela L. Strecker
- Department of Environmental Science and Management Portland State University Portland Oregon 97201 USA
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15
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Adams MJ, Jevtics D, Strain MJ, Henning ID, Hurtado A. High-frequency dynamics of evanescently-coupled nanowire lasers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6126. [PMID: 30992501 PMCID: PMC6467891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42526-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyse the dynamics and conditions for stability in an array of two laterally-coupled nanowire lasers in terms of their separation, difference in resonant frequencies and pumping rate under conditions of weak coupling. We find that the regions of stability are very small and are found close to zero frequency offset between the lasers. Outside these regions various forms of instability including periodic oscillation, chaos and complex dynamics are predicted. Importantly, the analysis of the frequency of periodic oscillations for realistic laser separations and pumping yields values of order 100 GHz thus underlining the significant potential of nanowire laser arrays for ultra-high frequency on-chip systems with very low foot-print and energy requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Adams
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - D Jevtics
- Institute of Photonics, SUPA Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, TIC Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK
| | - M J Strain
- Institute of Photonics, SUPA Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, TIC Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK
| | - I D Henning
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - A Hurtado
- Institute of Photonics, SUPA Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, TIC Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK.
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Rowe JC, Duarte A, Pearl CA, McCreary B, Galvan SK, Peterson JT, Adams MJ. Disentangling effects of invasive species and habitat while accounting for observer error in a long‐term amphibian study. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C. Rowe
- U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - Adam Duarte
- Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Oregon State University 104 Nash Hall Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - Christopher A. Pearl
- U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - Brome McCreary
- U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - Stephanie K. Galvan
- U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - James T. Peterson
- U.S. Geological Survey Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Oregon State University 104 Nash Hall Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - Michael J. Adams
- U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
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Mahmah O, Adams MJ, Omar CS, Gururajan B, Salman AD. Roller compaction: Ribbon splitting and sticking. Int J Pharm 2019; 559:156-172. [PMID: 30682449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Roller compaction is the main technique employed in dry granulation. Ribbon sticking and splitting are among the major factors that can hinder the use of this process for some formulations. Ribbon splitting can occur either transversally (through the ribbon thickness) or longitudinally (through the ribbon width). It was observed that transverse splitting is commonly associated with sticking of the split ribbons to the rollers and results in an inferior performance of the process. Longitudinal splitting is associated with an across-width distribution of the ribbon density so that there may an adverse effect on the mechanical strength and dissolution properties of the tablets formed from the milled granules. The aim of the current work was to elucidate the mechanisms of splitting by an experimental study involving single component powders with a range of yield strengths, including those that are commonly used as excipients. Both smooth and knurled rollers were employed without and with lubrication by applying magnesium stearate to the rollers. The minimum gap was fixed and the maximum roll stress was varied. The observed trends for the smooth rollers were rationalised in terms of a splitting index, which is a measure of the residual stresses driving crack growth relative to the tensile strength of the ribbons. There was a lower limit at which splitting was observed but the occurrence of transverse splitting decreased and that for longitudinal splitting increased with increasing values of the index, which was accompanied by an increase in mixed transverse-longitudinal splitting. Transverse splitting was always associated with sticking to the rollers and was prevented by external lubrication. The main difference with the knurled rollers was that in some cases transverse splitting occurred without sticking to the rollers. A detailed discussion of the mechanisms involved is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Mahmah
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
| | - M J Adams
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Chalak S Omar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | | | - Agba D Salman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
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18
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Siddell SG, Walker PJ, Lefkowitz EJ, Mushegian AR, Adams MJ, Dutilh BE, Gorbalenya AE, Harrach B, Harrison RL, Junglen S, Knowles NJ, Kropinski AM, Krupovic M, Kuhn JH, Nibert M, Rubino L, Sabanadzovic S, Sanfaçon H, Simmonds P, Varsani A, Zerbini FM, Davison AJ. Additional changes to taxonomy ratified in a special vote by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (October 2018). Arch Virol 2019; 164:943-946. [PMID: 30663020 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-04136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This article reports the changes to virus taxonomy approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in October 2018. Of note, the ICTV has approved, by an absolute majority, the creation of additional taxonomical ranks above those recognized previously. A total of 15 ranks (realm, subrealm, kingdom, subkingdom, phylum, subphylum, class, subclass, order, suborder, family, subfamily, genus, subgenus, and species) are now available to encompass the entire spectrum of virus diversity. Classification at ranks above genus is not obligatory but can be used by the authors of new taxonomic proposals when scientific justification is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart G Siddell
- Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Peter J Walker
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Elliot J Lefkowitz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), BBRB 276, 845 19th ST South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-2170, USA
| | - Arcady R Mushegian
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, National Science Foundation, 2415 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, VA, 22314, USA.
| | | | - Bas E Dutilh
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Room Z-509, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander E Gorbalenya
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, E4-P, rm. E4-72, P. O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119899, Moscow, Russia
| | - Balázs Harrach
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária krt. 21, Budapest, 1143, Hungary
| | - Robert L Harrison
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Bldg 007 BARC-West, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Sandra Junglen
- Institute of Virology, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nick J Knowles
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Andrew M Kropinski
- Departments of Food Science, and Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mart Krupovic
- Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Jens H Kuhn
- NIH/NIAID/DCR Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Max Nibert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Ave Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Luisa Rubino
- Istituto di Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, UOS Bari, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Sead Sabanadzovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, 100 Old Hwy 12 Mail Stop 9775, Starkville, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Hélène Sanfaçon
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 4200 Highway 97, Summerland, British Columbia, V0H 1Z0, Canada
| | - Peter Simmonds
- Nuffield Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Arvind Varsani
- School of Life Sciences, The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 874701, Tempe, AZ, 85287-4701, USA
| | - Francisco Murilo Zerbini
- Departamento de Fitopatologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Andrew J Davison
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Sir Michael Stoker Building, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
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Kissel AM, Palen WJ, Ryan ME, Adams MJ. Compounding effects of climate change reduce population viability of a montane amphibian. Ecol Appl 2019; 29:e01832. [PMID: 30589982 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change presents challenges and opportunities to the growth, reproduction, and survival of individuals throughout their life cycles. Demographic compensation among life-history stages has the potential to buffer populations from decline, but alternatively, compounding negative effects can lead to accelerated population decline and extinction. In montane ecosystems of the U.S. Pacific Northwest, increasing temperatures are resulting in a transition from snow-dominated to rain-dominated precipitation events, reducing snowpack. For ectotherms such as amphibians, warmer winters can reduce the frequency of critical minimum temperatures and increase the length of summer growing seasons, benefiting post-metamorphic stages, but may also increase metabolic costs during winter months, which could decrease survival. Lower snowpack levels also result in wetlands that dry sooner or more frequently in the summer, increasing larval desiccation risk. To evaluate how these challenges and opportunities compound within a species' life history, we collected demographic data on Cascades frog (Rana cascadae) in Olympic National Park in Washington state to parameterize stage-based stochastic matrix population models under current and future (A1B, 2040s, and 2080s) environmental conditions. We estimated the proportion of reproductive effort lost each year due to drying using watershed-specific hydrologic models, and coupled this with an analysis that relates 15 yr of R. cascadae abundance data with a suite of climate variables. We estimated the current population growth (λs ) to be 0.97 (95% CI 0.84-1.13), but predict that λs will decline under continued climate warming, resulting in a 62% chance of extinction by the 2080s because of compounding negative effects on early and late life history stages. By the 2080s, our models predict that larval mortality will increase by 17% as a result of increased pond drying, and adult survival will decrease by 7% as winter length and summer precipitation continue to decrease. We find that reduced larval survival drives initial declines in the 2040s, but further declines in the 2080s are compounded by decreases in adult survival. Our results demonstrate the need to understand the potential for compounding or compensatory effects within different life history stages to exacerbate or buffer the effects of climate change on population growth rates through time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Kissel
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5K 4B2, Canada
- Conservation Science Partners, 11050 Pioneer Trail, Suite 202, Truckee, California, 96161, USA
| | - Wendy J Palen
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5K 4B2, Canada
| | - Maureen E Ryan
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5K 4B2, Canada
- Conservation Science Partners, 11050 Pioneer Trail, Suite 202, Truckee, California, 96161, USA
| | - Michael J Adams
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon, 97300, USA
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Sahputra IH, Alexiadis A, Adams MJ. Effects of Moisture on the Mechanical Properties of Microcrystalline Cellulose and the Mobility of the Water Molecules as Studied by the Hybrid Molecular Mechanics-Molecular Dynamics Simulation Method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iwan H. Sahputra
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Birmingham; Birmingham United Kingdom
| | - Alessio Alexiadis
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Birmingham; Birmingham United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Adams
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Birmingham; Birmingham United Kingdom
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21
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Andrews JW, Adams MJ. A fast multipole boundary element method implemented for wet single particle and wall interactions. POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Pearl CA, McCreary B, Rowe JC, Adams MJ. Late-Season Movement and Habitat Use by Oregon Spotted Frog (Rana pretiosa) in Oregon, USA. COPEIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1643/ch-18-031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Miller DAW, Grant EHC, Muths E, Amburgey SM, Adams MJ, Joseph MB, Waddle JH, Johnson PTJ, Ryan ME, Schmidt BR, Calhoun DL, Davis CL, Fisher RN, Green DM, Hossack BR, Rittenhouse TAG, Walls SC, Bailey LL, Cruickshank SS, Fellers GM, Gorman TA, Haas CA, Hughson W, Pilliod DS, Price SJ, Ray AM, Sadinski W, Saenz D, Barichivich WJ, Brand A, Brehme CS, Dagit R, Delaney KS, Glorioso BM, Kats LB, Kleeman PM, Pearl CA, Rochester CJ, Riley SPD, Roth M, Sigafus BH. Quantifying climate sensitivity and climate-driven change in North American amphibian communities. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3926. [PMID: 30254220 PMCID: PMC6156563 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06157-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Changing climate will impact species' ranges only when environmental variability directly impacts the demography of local populations. However, measurement of demographic responses to climate change has largely been limited to single species and locations. Here we show that amphibian communities are responsive to climatic variability, using >500,000 time-series observations for 81 species across 86 North American study areas. The effect of climate on local colonization and persistence probabilities varies among eco-regions and depends on local climate, species life-histories, and taxonomic classification. We found that local species richness is most sensitive to changes in water availability during breeding and changes in winter conditions. Based on the relationships we measure, recent changes in climate cannot explain why local species richness of North American amphibians has rapidly declined. However, changing climate does explain why some populations are declining faster than others. Our results provide important insights into how amphibians respond to climate and a general framework for measuring climate impacts on species richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A W Miller
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Evan H Campbell Grant
- U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Lab, 1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA, 01376, USA.
| | - Erin Muths
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - Staci M Amburgey
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Intercollege Graduate Ecology Program, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Michael J Adams
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Maxwell B Joseph
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - J Hardin Waddle
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA, 70506, USA
| | - Pieter T J Johnson
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Maureen E Ryan
- School of Environment and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Conservation Science Partners, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA
| | - Benedikt R Schmidt
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
- Info Fauna Karch, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel L Calhoun
- U.S. Geological Survey, South Atlantic Water Science Center, Norcross, GA, 30093, USA
| | - Courtney L Davis
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Intercollege Graduate Ecology Program, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Robert N Fisher
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, San Diego, CA, 92101, USA
| | - David M Green
- Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C4, Canada
| | - Blake R Hossack
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, Missoula, MT, 59801, USA
| | - Tracy A G Rittenhouse
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Susan C Walls
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Gainesville, FL, 32653, USA
| | - Larissa L Bailey
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Sam S Cruickshank
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Gary M Fellers
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Point Reyes Station, CA, 94956, USA
| | - Thomas A Gorman
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Carola A Haas
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | | | - David S Pilliod
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Boise, ID, 83706, USA
| | - Steven J Price
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Andrew M Ray
- Greater Yellowstone Network, National Park Service, Bozeman, MT, 59715, USA
| | - Walt Sadinski
- U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, WI, 54603, USA
| | - Daniel Saenz
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Southern Research Station, Forest Service, Nacogdoches, TX, 75965, USA
| | - William J Barichivich
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Gainesville, FL, 32653, USA
| | - Adrianne Brand
- U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Lab, 1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA, 01376, USA
| | - Cheryl S Brehme
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, San Diego, CA, 92101, USA
| | - Rosi Dagit
- Resource Conservation District of the Santa Monica Mountains, Topanga, CA, 90290, USA
| | - Katy S Delaney
- National Park Service-Santa Monica Mountains Recreation Area, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91360, USA
| | - Brad M Glorioso
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA, 70506, USA
| | - Lee B Kats
- Natural Sciences Division, Seaver College, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, 90263, USA
| | - Patrick M Kleeman
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Point Reyes Station, CA, 94956, USA
| | - Christopher A Pearl
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Carlton J Rochester
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, San Diego, CA, 92101, USA
| | - Seth P D Riley
- National Park Service-Santa Monica Mountains Recreation Area, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91360, USA
| | - Mark Roth
- U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, WI, 54603, USA
| | - Brent H Sigafus
- U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
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Sahputra IH, Alexiadis A, Adams MJ. Temperature dependence of the Young's modulus of polymers calculated using a hybrid molecular mechanics-molecular dynamics method. J Phys Condens Matter 2018; 30:355901. [PMID: 30040075 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aad588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid molecular mechanics-molecular dynamics (MM-MD) method is proposed to calculate the Young's modulus of polymers at various temperature. It overcomes the limitation that MD is restricted to extremely high strain rates. A case study based on poly-methyl-methacrylate demonstrates that, contrary to previous MD studies, the method is able to accurately reproduce the effect of temperature on the Young's modulus in close agreement with experimental data. The method can also predict a more clear transition between the glassy and rubbery states than previous MD studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwan H Sahputra
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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25
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Adams MJ, Harris RN, Grant EHC, Gray MJ, Camille Hopkins M, Iverson SA, Likens R, Mandica M, Olson DH, Shepack A, Waddle H. Prepublication Communication of Research Results. Ecohealth 2018; 15:478-481. [PMID: 30088185 PMCID: PMC6245104 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-018-1352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Adams
- Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA.
| | - Reid N Harris
- Department of Biology, MSC 7801, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, USA
| | - Evan H C Grant
- Patuxent Wildlife Research Center and SO Conte Anadromous Fish Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey, Laurel, USA
| | - Matthew J Gray
- Center for Wildlife Health, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, USA
| | | | - Samuel A Iverson
- Wildlife Health Section, Environment and Climate Change, Canadian Wildlife Service, Gatineau, Canada
| | - Robert Likens
- Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council, Alexandria, USA
| | | | | | - Alex Shepack
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, USA
| | - Hardin Waddle
- Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Gainseville, USA
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26
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Robertson JM, Murphy MA, Pearl CA, Adams MJ, Páez-Vacas MI, Haig SM, Pilliod DS, Storfer A, Funk WC. Regional variation in drivers of connectivity for two frog species (Rana pretiosa and R. luteiventris) from the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:3242-3256. [PMID: 30010212 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Comparative landscape genetics has uncovered high levels of variability in which landscape factors affect connectivity among species and regions. However, the relative importance of species traits versus environmental variation for predicting landscape patterns of connectivity is unresolved. We provide evidence from a landscape genetics study of two sister taxa of frogs, the Oregon spotted frog (Rana pretiosa) and the Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) in Oregon and Idaho, USA. Rana pretiosa is relatively more dependent on moisture for dispersal than R. luteiventris, so if species traits influence connectivity, we predicted that connectivity among R. pretiosa populations would be more positively associated with moisture than R. luteiventris. However, if environmental differences are important drivers of gene flow, we predicted that connectivity would be more positively related to moisture in arid regions. We tested these predictions using eight microsatellite loci and gravity models in two R. pretiosa regions and four R. luteiventris regions (n = 1,168 frogs). In R. pretiosa, but not R. luteiventris, connectivity was positively related to mean annual precipitation, supporting our first prediction. In contrast, connectivity was not more positively related to moisture in more arid regions. Various temperature metrics were important predictors for both species and in all regions, but the directionality of their effects varied. Therefore, the pattern of variation in drivers of connectivity was consistent with predictions based on species traits rather than on environmental variation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melanie A Murphy
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Christopher A Pearl
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Michael J Adams
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Mónica I Páez-Vacas
- Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Quito, Ecuador
- Department of Biology, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Susan M Haig
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - David S Pilliod
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Andrew Storfer
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - W Chris Funk
- Department of Biology, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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27
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Li N, Susanto H, Cemlyn BR, Henning ID, Adams MJ. Mapping bifurcation structure and parameter dependence in quantum dot spin-VCSELs. Opt Express 2018; 26:14636-14649. [PMID: 29877498 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.014636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We consider a modified version of the spin-flip model (SFM) that describes optically pumped quantum dot (QD) spin-polarized vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). Maps showing different dynamical regions and those consisting of various key bifurcations are constructed by direct numerical simulations and a numerical path continuation technique, respectively. A comparison between them clarifies the physical mechanism that governs the underlying dynamics as well as routes to chaos in QD spin-VCSELs. Detailed numerical simulations illustrate the role played by the capture rate from wetting layer (WL) to QD ground state, the gain parameter, and the amplitude-phase coupling. By tuning the aforementioned key parameters in turn we show how the dynamical regions evolve as a function of the intensity and polarization of the optical pump, as well as in the plane of the spin relaxation rate and linear birefringence rate, which is of importance in the design of spin lasers promising potential applications. By increasing the capture rate from WL to QD our simulation accurately describes the transition from the QD spin-VCSEL to the quantum well case, in agreement with a previous mathematical derivation, and thus validates the modified SFM equations.
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28
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King AMQ, Lefkowitz EJ, Mushegian AR, Adams MJ, Dutilh BE, Gorbalenya AE, Harrach B, Harrison RL, Junglen S, Knowles NJ, Kropinski AM, Krupovic M, Kuhn JH, Nibert ML, Rubino L, Sabanadzovic S, Sanfaçon H, Siddell SG, Simmonds P, Varsani A, Zerbini FM, Davison AJ. Changes to taxonomy and the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2018). Arch Virol 2018; 163:2601-2631. [PMID: 29754305 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3847-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This article lists the changes to virus taxonomy approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses in February 2018. A total of 451 species, 69 genera, 11 subfamilies, 9 families and one new order were added to the taxonomy. The current totals at each taxonomic level now stand at 9 orders, 131 families, 46 subfamilies, 803 genera and 4853 species. A change was made to the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature to allow the use of the names of people in taxon names under appropriate circumstances. An updated Master Species List incorporating the approved changes was released in March 2018 ( https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/ ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Q King
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF, Surrey, UK
| | - Elliot J Lefkowitz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), BBRB 276, 845 19th ST South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-2170, USA
| | - Arcady R Mushegian
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, National Science Foundation, 2415 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, VA, 22314, USA.
| | | | - Bas E Dutilh
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander E Gorbalenya
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, P. O. Box 9600, E4-P, rm. E4-72, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119899, Russia
| | - Balázs Harrach
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Hungária krt. 21, Budapest, 1143, Hungary
| | - Robert L Harrison
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Bldg 007 Barc-West, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Sandra Junglen
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Rahel-Hirsch-Weg 3, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Nick J Knowles
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF, Surrey, UK
| | - Andrew M Kropinski
- Departments of Food Science and Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mart Krupovic
- Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Jens H Kuhn
- NIH/NIAID/DCR Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), B-8200, Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Max L Nibert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Ave Louis, Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Luisa Rubino
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, SS Bari, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Sead Sabanadzovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, 100 Old Hwy 12 Mail Stop 9775, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Hélène Sanfaçon
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 4200 Highway 97, Summerland, BC, V0H 1Z0, Canada
| | - Stuart G Siddell
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Peter Simmonds
- Nuffield Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, School of Life Sciences, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 874701, Tempe, AZ, 85287-4701, USA
| | - Francisco Murilo Zerbini
- Departamento de Fitopatologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Andrew J Davison
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Sir Michael Stoker Building, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
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29
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Sahputra IH, Alexiadis A, Adams MJ. Temperature and configurational effects on the Young’s modulus of poly (methyl methacrylate): a molecular dynamics study comparing the DREIDING, AMBER and OPLS force fields. Molecular Simulation 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2018.1450983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iwan H. Sahputra
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alessio Alexiadis
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michael J. Adams
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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30
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Li N, Susanto H, Cemlyn BR, Henning ID, Adams MJ. Nonlinear dynamics of solitary and optically injected two-element laser arrays with four different waveguide structures: a numerical study. Opt Express 2018; 26:4751-4765. [PMID: 29475321 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.004751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We study the nonlinear dynamics of solitary and optically injected two-element laser arrays with a range of waveguide structures. The analysis is performed with a detailed direct numerical simulation, where high-resolution dynamic maps are generated to identify regions of dynamic instability in the parameter space of interest. Our combined one- and two-parameter bifurcation analysis uncovers globally diverse dynamical regimes (steady-state, oscillation, and chaos) in the solitary laser arrays, which are greatly influenced by static design waveguiding structures, the amplitude-phase coupling factor of the electric field, i.e. the linewidth-enhancement factor, as well as the control parameter, e.g. the pump rate. When external optical injection is introduced to one element of the arrays, we show that the whole system can be either injection-locked simultaneously or display rich, different dynamics outside the locking region. The effect of optical injection is to significantly modify the nature and the regions of nonlinear dynamics from those found in the solitary case. We also show similarities and differences (asymmetry) between the oscillation amplitude of the two elements of the array in specific well-defined regions, which hold for all the waveguiding structures considered. Our findings pave the way to a better understanding of dynamic instability in large arrays of lasers.
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31
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Li N, Susanto H, Cemlyn BR, Henning ID, Adams MJ. Locking bandwidth of two laterally-coupled semiconductor lasers subject to optical injection. Sci Rep 2018; 8:109. [PMID: 29311659 PMCID: PMC5758791 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here for the first time (to our knowledge), a new and universal mechanism by which a two-element laser array is locked to external optical injection and admits stably injection-locked states within a nontrivial trapezoidal region. The rate equations for the system are studied both analytically and numerically. We derive a simple mathematical expression for the locking conditions, which reveals that two parallel saddle-node bifurcation branches, not reported for conventional single lasers subject to optical injection, delimit the injection locking range and its width. Important parameters are the linewidth enhancement factor, the laser separation, and the frequency offset between the two laterally-coupled lasers; the influence of these parameters on locking conditions is explored comprehensively. Our analytic approximations are validated numerically by using a path continuation technique as well as direct numerical integration of the rate equations. More importantly, our results are not restricted by waveguiding structures and uncover a generic locking behavior in the lateral arrays in the presence of injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianqiang Li
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - H Susanto
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - B R Cemlyn
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - I D Henning
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - M J Adams
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom.
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32
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Muths E, Chambert T, Schmidt BR, Miller DAW, Hossack BR, Joly P, Grolet O, Green DM, Pilliod DS, Cheylan M, Fisher RN, McCaffery RM, Adams MJ, Palen WJ, Arntzen JW, Garwood J, Fellers G, Thirion JM, Besnard A, Grant EHC. Heterogeneous responses of temperate-zone amphibian populations to climate change complicates conservation planning. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17102. [PMID: 29213103 PMCID: PMC5719039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17105-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The pervasive and unabated nature of global amphibian declines suggests common demographic responses to a given driver, and quantification of major drivers and responses could inform broad-scale conservation actions. We explored the influence of climate on demographic parameters (i.e., changes in the probabilities of survival and recruitment) using 31 datasets from temperate zone amphibian populations (North America and Europe) with more than a decade of observations each. There was evidence for an influence of climate on population demographic rates, but the direction and magnitude of responses to climate drivers was highly variable among taxa and among populations within taxa. These results reveal that climate drivers interact with variation in life-history traits and population-specific attributes resulting in a diversity of responses. This heterogeneity complicates the identification of conservation 'rules of thumb' for these taxa, and supports the notion of local focus as the most effective approach to overcome global-scale conservation challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Muths
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, 2150 Centre Ave., Bldg C, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA.
| | - T Chambert
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - B R Schmidt
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Info Fauna KARCH, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - D A W Miller
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - B R Hossack
- U.S. Geological Survey, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, 790 E. Beckwith, Missoula, MT, 59801, USA
| | - P Joly
- Université Lyon 1, UMR 5023 - LEHNA, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - O Grolet
- Université Lyon 1, UMR 5023 - LEHNA, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - D M Green
- Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2K6, Canada
| | - D S Pilliod
- U.S. Geological, Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID, 83706, USA
| | - M Cheylan
- CNRS, PSL Research University, EPHE, UM, SupAgro, IRD, INRA, UMR 5175 CEFE, F-34293, Montpellier, France
| | - R N Fisher
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, San Diego Field Station, 4165 Spruance Road, San Diego, CA, 92101, USA
| | - R M McCaffery
- University of Montana, Division of Biological Sciences, 32 Campus Dr., Missoula, MT, USA
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 600 E. Park Ave, Port Angeles, WA, 98362, USA
| | - M J Adams
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - W J Palen
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Biological Sciences, 8888 University Drive Burnaby, British Columbia, CANADA V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - J W Arntzen
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 6.4.16 Sylvius Bldg, 2333 CR, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Garwood
- California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 5341 Ericson Way, Arcata, CA, 95521, USA
| | - G Fellers
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Point Reyes National Seashore, Point Reyes, CA, 94956, USA
| | - J-M Thirion
- Association Objectifs Biodiversités (OBIOS), 12 rue du docteur Gilbert, 17250, Pont l'Abbé d'Arnoult, France
| | - A Besnard
- CNRS, PSL Research University, EPHE, UM, SupAgro, IRD, INRA, UMR 5175 CEFE, F-34293, Montpellier, France
| | - E H Campbell Grant
- U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Laboratory, One Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA, 01376, USA
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34
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Duarte A, Pearl CA, Adams MJ, Peterson JT. A new parameterization for integrated population models to document amphibian reintroductions. Ecol Appl 2017; 27:1761-1775. [PMID: 28452415 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Managers are increasingly implementing reintroduction programs as part of a global effort to alleviate amphibian declines. Given uncertainty in factors affecting populations and a need to make recurring decisions to achieve objectives, adaptive management is a useful component of these efforts. A major impediment to the estimation of demographic rates often used to parameterize and refine decision-support models is that life-stage-specific monitoring data are frequently sparse for amphibians. We developed a new parameterization for integrated population models to match the ecology of amphibians and capitalize on relatively inexpensive monitoring data to document amphibian reintroductions. We evaluate the capability of this model by fitting it to Oregon spotted frog (Rana pretiosa) monitoring data collected from 2007 to 2014 following their reintroduction within the Klamath Basin, Oregon, USA. The number of egg masses encountered and the estimated adult and metamorph abundances generally increased following reintroduction. We found that survival probability from egg to metamorph ranged from 0.01 in 2008 to 0.09 in 2009 and was not related to minimum spring temperatures, metamorph survival probability ranged from 0.13 in 2010-2011 to 0.86 in 2012-2013 and was positively related to mean monthly temperatures (logit-scale slope = 2.37), adult survival probability was lower for founders (0.40) than individuals recruited after reintroduction (0.56), and the mean number of egg masses per adult female was 0.74. Our study is the first to test hypotheses concerning Oregon spotted frog egg-to-metamorph and metamorph-to-adult transition probabilities in the wild and document their response at multiple life stages following reintroduction. Furthermore, we provide an example to illustrate how the structure of our integrated population model serves as a useful foundation for amphibian decision-support models within adaptive management programs. The integration of multiple, but related, data sets has an advantage of being able to estimate complex ecological relationships across multiple life stages, offering a modeling framework that accommodates uncertainty, enforces parsimony, and ensures all model parameters can be confronted with monitoring data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Duarte
- Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Christopher A Pearl
- U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Michael J Adams
- U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - James T Peterson
- U.S. Geological Survey Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
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35
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Li N, Susanto H, Cemlyn B, Henning ID, Adams MJ. Secure communication systems based on chaos in optically pumped spin-VCSELs. Opt Lett 2017; 42:3494-3497. [PMID: 28957071 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.003494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on a master and slave configuration consisting of two optically pumped spin-vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers for chaos synchronization and secure communication. Under appropriate conditions, high-quality chaos synchronization is achieved. We propose two encryption schemes, where either the pump magnitude or polarization is modulated. The results show that these allow for Gb/s transmission of secure data, but exhibit different features: one indicates that the message can be recovered by the total intensity, but not the polarization components, whereas the other shows that the message can be better or exclusively retrieved from the polarization components at high bit rates.
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36
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Adams MJ, Adkins S, Bragard C, Gilmer D, Li D, MacFarlane SA, Wong SM, Melcher U, Ratti C, Ryu KH, Ictv Report Consortium. ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Virgaviridae. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:1999-2000. [PMID: 28786782 PMCID: PMC5656781 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The family Virgaviridae is a family of plant viruses with
rod-shaped virions, a ssRNA genome with a 3′-terminal tRNA-like structure
and a replication protein typical of alpha-like viruses. Differences in the
number of genome components, genome organization and the mode of transmission
provide the basis for genus demarcation. Tobacco mosaic virus (genus
Tobamovirus) was the first virus to be discovered (in
1886); it is present in high concentrations in infected plants, is extremely
stable and has been extensively studied. This is a summary of the International
Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the taxonomy of the
Virgaviridae, which is available at www.ictv.global/report/virgaviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claude Bragard
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - David Gilmer
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, 67084 Strasbourg cedex, Strasbourg, France
| | - Dawei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | | | - Sek-Man Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ulrich Melcher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Claudio Ratti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agroambientali, Università di Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy
| | - Ki Hyun Ryu
- Department of Horticultural Science, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Wigmore EM, Clarke TK, Howard DM, Adams MJ, Hall LS, Zeng Y, Gibson J, Davies G, Fernandez-Pujals AM, Thomson PA, Hayward C, Smith BH, Hocking LJ, Padmanabhan S, Deary IJ, Porteous DJ, Nicodemus KK, McIntosh AM. Do regional brain volumes and major depressive disorder share genetic architecture? A study of Generation Scotland (n=19 762), UK Biobank (n=24 048) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (n=5766). Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1205. [PMID: 28809859 PMCID: PMC5611720 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heritable and highly debilitating condition. It is commonly associated with subcortical volumetric abnormalities, the most replicated of these being reduced hippocampal volume. Using the most recent published data from Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-analysis (ENIGMA) consortium's genome-wide association study of regional brain volume, we sought to test whether there is shared genetic architecture between seven subcortical brain volumes and intracranial volume (ICV) and MDD. We explored this using linkage disequilibrium score regression, polygenic risk scoring (PRS) techniques, Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis and BUHMBOX. Utilising summary statistics from ENIGMA and Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, we demonstrated that hippocampal volume was positively genetically correlated with MDD (rG=0.46, P=0.02), although this did not survive multiple comparison testing. None of the other six brain regions studied were genetically correlated and amygdala volume heritability was too low for analysis. Using PRS analysis, no regional volumetric PRS demonstrated a significant association with MDD or recurrent MDD. MR analysis in hippocampal volume and MDD identified no causal association, however, BUHMBOX analysis identified genetic subgrouping in GS:SFHS MDD cases only (P=0.00281). In this study, we provide some evidence that hippocampal volume and MDD may share genetic architecture in a subgroup of individuals, albeit the genetic correlation did not survive multiple testing correction and genetic subgroup heterogeneity was not replicated. In contrast, we found no evidence to support a shared genetic architecture between MDD and other regional subcortical volumes or ICV.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Wigmore
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK,Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK. E-mail:
| | - T-K Clarke
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D M Howard
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M J Adams
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - L S Hall
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Y Zeng
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Gibson
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - G Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A M Fernandez-Pujals
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P A Thomson
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Hayward
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - B H Smith
- Division of Population Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - L J Hocking
- Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - S Padmanabhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - I J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - K K Nicodemus
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK,Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Adams MJ, Lefkowitz EJ, King AMQ, Harrach B, Harrison RL, Knowles NJ, Kropinski AM, Krupovic M, Kuhn JH, Mushegian AR, Nibert ML, Sabanadzovic S, Sanfaçon H, Siddell SG, Simmonds P, Varsani A, Zerbini FM, Orton RJ, Smith DB, Gorbalenya AE, Davison AJ. 50 years of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses: progress and prospects. Arch Virol 2017; 162:1441-1446. [PMID: 28078475 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We mark the 50th anniversary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by presenting a brief history of the organization since its foundation, showing how it has adapted to advancements in our knowledge of virus diversity and the methods used to characterize it. We also outline recent developments, supported by a grant from the Wellcome Trust (UK), that are facilitating substantial changes in the operations of the ICTV and promoting dialogue with the virology community. These developments will generate improved online resources, including a freely available and regularly updated ICTV Virus Taxonomy Report. They also include a series of meetings between the ICTV and the broader community focused on some of the major challenges facing virus taxonomy, with the outcomes helping to inform the future policy and practice of the ICTV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elliot J Lefkowitz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), BBRB 276, 845 19th ST South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-2170, USA
| | - Andrew M Q King
- Sunfield, Dawney Hill, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0JB, UK
| | - Balázs Harrach
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária krt. 21, 1143, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Robert L Harrison
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Bldg 007 Barc-West, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Nick J Knowles
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Andrew M Kropinski
- Departments of Food Science, Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mart Krupovic
- Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Jens H Kuhn
- NIH/NIAID/DCR Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Arcady R Mushegian
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA, 22230, USA
| | - Max L Nibert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Ave Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sead Sabanadzovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, 100 Old Hwy 12 Mail Stop 9775, Starkville, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Hélène Sanfaçon
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 4200 Highway 97, Summerland, BC, V0H 1Z0, Canada
| | - Stuart G Siddell
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Peter Simmonds
- Nuffield Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, School of Life Sciences, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 874701, Tempe, AZ, 85287-4701, USA
| | - Francisco Murilo Zerbini
- Departamento de Fitopatologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Richard J Orton
- MRC, University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Sir Michael Stoker Building, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Donald B Smith
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK
| | - Alexander E Gorbalenya
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, E4-P, rm. E4-72, P. O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119899, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrew J Davison
- MRC, University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Sir Michael Stoker Building, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
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Adams MJ, Lefkowitz EJ, King AMQ, Harrach B, Harrison RL, Knowles NJ, Kropinski AM, Krupovic M, Kuhn JH, Mushegian AR, Nibert M, Sabanadzovic S, Sanfaçon H, Siddell SG, Simmonds P, Varsani A, Zerbini FM, Gorbalenya AE, Davison AJ. Changes to taxonomy and the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2017). Arch Virol 2017; 162:2505-2538. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3358-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Torre MS, Susanto H, Li N, Schires K, Salvide MF, Henning ID, Adams MJ, Hurtado A. High frequency continuous birefringence-induced oscillations in spin-polarized vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. Opt Lett 2017; 42:1628-1631. [PMID: 28409815 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.001628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sustained, large amplitude and tunable birefringence-induced oscillations are obtained in a spin-vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (spin-VCSEL). Experimental evidence is provided using a spin-VCSEL operating at 1300 nm, under continuous-wave optical pumping and at room temperature. Numerical and stability analyses are performed to interpret the experiments and to identify the combined effects of pump ellipticity, spin relaxation rate, and cavity birefringence. Importantly, the frequency of the induced oscillations is determined by the device's birefringence rate, which can be tuned to very large values. This opens the path for ultrafast spin-lasers operating at record frequencies exceeding those possible in traditional semiconductor lasers and with ample expected impact in disparate disciplines (e.g., datacomms, spectroscopy).
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41
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Dzidek BM, Adams MJ, Andrews JW, Zhang Z, Johnson SA. Contact mechanics of the human finger pad under compressive loads. J R Soc Interface 2017; 14:20160935. [PMID: 28179549 PMCID: PMC5332579 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The coefficient of friction of most solid objects is independent of the applied normal force because of surface roughness. This behaviour is observed for a finger pad except at long contact times (greater than 10 s) against smooth impermeable surfaces such as glass when the coefficient increases with decreasing normal force by about a factor of five for the load range investigated here. This is clearly an advantage for some precision manipulation and grip tasks. Such normal force dependence is characteristic of smooth curved elastic bodies. It has been argued that the occlusion of moisture in the form of sweat plasticises the surface topographical features and their increased compliance allows flattening under an applied normal force, so that the surfaces of the fingerprint ridges are effectively smooth. While the normal force dependence of the friction is consistent with the theory of elastic frictional contacts, the gross deformation behaviour is not and, for commonly reported values of the Young's modulus of stratum corneum, the deformation of the ridges should be negligible compared with the gross deformation of the finger pad even when fully occluded. This paper describes the development of a contact mechanics model that resolves these inconsistencies and is validated against experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brygida M Dzidek
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Michael J Adams
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - James W Andrews
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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42
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Navrady LB, Ritchie SJ, Chan SWY, Kerr DM, Adams MJ, Hawkins EH, Porteous D, Deary IJ, Gale CR, Batty GD, McIntosh AM. Intelligence and neuroticism in relation to depression and psychological distress: Evidence from two large population cohorts. Eur Psychiatry 2017; 43:58-65. [PMID: 28365468 PMCID: PMC5486156 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroticism is a risk factor for selected mental and physical illnesses and is inversely associated with intelligence. Intelligence appears to interact with neuroticism and mitigate its detrimental effects on physical health and mortality. However, the inter-relationships of neuroticism and intelligence for major depressive disorder (MDD) and psychological distress has not been well examined. Methods Associations and interactions between neuroticism and general intelligence (g) on MDD, self-reported depression, and psychological distress were examined in two population-based cohorts: Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study (GS:SFHS, n = 19,200) and UK Biobank (n = 90,529). The Eysenck Personality Scale Short Form-Revised measured neuroticism and g was extracted from multiple cognitive ability tests in each cohort. Family structure was adjusted for in GS:SFHS. Results Neuroticism was strongly associated with increased risk for depression and higher psychological distress in both samples. Although intelligence conferred no consistent independent effects on depression, it did increase the risk for depression across samples once neuroticism was adjusted for. Results suggest that higher intelligence may ameliorate the association between neuroticism and self-reported depression although no significant interaction was found for clinical MDD. Intelligence was inversely associated with psychological distress across cohorts. A small interaction was found across samples such that lower psychological distress associates with higher intelligence and lower neuroticism, although effect sizes were small. Conclusions From two large cohort studies, our findings suggest intelligence acts a protective factor in mitigating the effects of neuroticism on psychological distress. Intelligence does not confer protection against diagnosis of depression in those high in neuroticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Navrady
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK.
| | - S J Ritchie
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - S W Y Chan
- Section of Clinical Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Medical Quad, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - D M Kerr
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, 1055 Great Western Road, Glasgow, G12 0XH, UK
| | - M J Adams
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK
| | - E H Hawkins
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK
| | - D Porteous
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK; Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genetics and Experimental Medicine, Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK; Generation Scotland, Centre for Genetics and Experimental Medicine, Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - I J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK; Generation Scotland, Centre for Genetics and Experimental Medicine, Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - C R Gale
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK; MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - G D Batty
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT, UK; Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - A M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK; Generation Scotland, Centre for Genetics and Experimental Medicine, Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
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Adams MJ, Lefkowitz EJ, King AMQ, Harrach B, Harrison RL, Knowles NJ, Kropinski AM, Krupovic M, Kuhn JH, Mushegian AR, Nibert M, Sabanadzovic S, Sanfaçon H, Siddell SG, Simmonds P, Varsani A, Zerbini FM, Gorbalenya AE, Davison AJ. Ratification vote on taxonomic proposals to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2016). Arch Virol 2016; 161:2921-49. [PMID: 27424026 PMCID: PMC7086986 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2977-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This article lists the changes to virus taxonomy approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in April 2016.Changes to virus taxonomy (the Universal Scheme of Virus Classification of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses [ICTV]) now take place annually and are the result of a multi-stage process. In accordance with the ICTV Statutes ( http://www.ictvonline.org/statutes.asp ), proposals submitted to the ICTV Executive Committee (EC) undergo a review process that involves input from the ICTV Study Groups (SGs) and Subcommittees (SCs), other interested virologists, and the EC. After final approval by the EC, proposals are then presented for ratification to the full ICTV membership by publication on an ICTV web site ( http://www.ictvonline.org/ ) followed by an electronic vote. The latest set of proposals approved by the EC was made available on the ICTV website by January 2016 ( https://talk.ictvonline.org/files/proposals/ ). A list of these proposals was then emailed on 28 March 2016 to the 148 members of ICTV, namely the EC Members, Life Members, ICTV Subcommittee Members (including the SG chairs) and ICTV National Representatives. Members were then requested to vote on whether to ratify the taxonomic proposals (voting closed on 29 April 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elliot J. Lefkowitz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), BBRB 276, 845 19th ST South, Birmingham, AL 35294-2170 USA
| | | | - Balázs Harrach
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária krt. 21, 1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Robert L. Harrison
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Bldg 007 Barc-West, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| | - Nick J. Knowles
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF UK
| | - Andrew M. Kropinski
- Departments of Food Science, Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Mart Krupovic
- Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jens H. Kuhn
- NIH/NIAID/DCR Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Arcady R. Mushegian
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA USA
| | - Max Nibert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Ave Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Sead Sabanadzovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, 100 Old Hwy 12 Mail Stop 9775, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
| | - Hélène Sanfaçon
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 4200 Highway 97, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0 Canada
| | - Stuart G. Siddell
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD UK
| | - Peter Simmonds
- Nuffield Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS UK
| | - Arvind Varsani
- School of Biological Sciences and Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140 New Zealand
| | | | - Alexander E. Gorbalenya
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, P. O. Box 9600, E4-P, rm. E4-72, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew J. Davison
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Sir Michael Stoker Building, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH UK
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Adams MJ, Davison AJ. Eric Carstens: new life member of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Arch Virol 2016; 161:3601. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3027-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zhang Y, Adams MJ, Zhang Z, Vidoni O, Leuenberger BH, Achkar J. Plasticisation of carnauba wax with generally recognised as safe (GRAS) additives. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Richgels KLD, Russell RE, Adams MJ, White CL, Grant EHC. Spatial variation in risk and consequence of Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans introduction in the USA. R Soc Open Sci 2016; 3:150616. [PMID: 26998331 PMCID: PMC4785982 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.150616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A newly identified fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans(Bsal), is responsible for mass mortality events and severe population declines in European salamanders. The eastern USA has the highest diversity of salamanders in the world and the introduction of this pathogen is likely to be devastating. Although data are inevitably limited for new pathogens, disease-risk assessments use best available data to inform management decisions. Using characteristics of Bsalecology, spatial data on imports and pet trade establishments, and salamander species diversity, we identify high-risk areas with both a high likelihood of introduction and severe consequences for local salamanders. We predict that the Pacific coast, southern Appalachian Mountains and mid-Atlantic regions will have the highest relative risk from Bsal. Management of invasive pathogens becomes difficult once they are established in wildlife populations; therefore, import restrictions to limit pathogen introduction and early detection through surveillance of high-risk areas are priorities for preventing the next crisis for North American salamanders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L. D. Richgels
- US Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, 6006 Schroeder Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Author for correspondence: Katherine L. D. Richgels e-mail:
| | - Robin E. Russell
- US Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, 6006 Schroeder Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Michael J. Adams
- US Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - C. LeAnn White
- US Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, 6006 Schroeder Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Evan H. Campbell Grant
- US Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory, 1 Migratory Way, Turner Falls, MA 01376, USA
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Yu S, Wu CY, Adams MJ, Reynolds G, Gururajan B, Gargiuli J, Leadbeater T, Roberts R, Parker DJ. The use of positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) to study milling of roll-compacted microcystalline cellulose ribbons. POWDER TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2015.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Clark RA, Fredericks B, Buitendyk NJ, Adams MJ, Howie-Esquivel J, Dracup KA, Berry NM, Atherton J, Johnson S. Development and feasibility testing of an education program to improve knowledge and self-care among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients with heart failure. Rural Remote Health 2015; 15:3231. [PMID: 26390941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a 70% higher age-adjusted incidence of heart failure (HF) among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, three times more hospitalisations and twice as many deaths as among non-Aboriginal people. There is a need to develop holistic yet individualised approaches in accord with the values of Aboriginal community health care to support patient education and self-care. The aim of this study was to re-design an existing HF educational resource (Fluid Watchers-Pacific Rim) to be culturally safe for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, working in collaboration with the local community, and to conduct feasibility testing. METHODS This study was conducted in two phases and utilised a mixed-methods approach (qualitative and quantitative). Phase 1 used action research methods to develop a culturally safe electronic resource to be provided to Aboriginal HF patients via a tablet computer. An HF expert panel adapted the existing resource to ensure it was evidence-based and contained appropriate language and images that reflects Aboriginal culture. A stakeholder group (which included Aboriginal workers and HF patients, as well as researchers and clinicians) then reviewed the resources, and changes were made accordingly. In Phase 2, the new resource was tested on a sample of Aboriginal HF patients to assess feasibility and acceptability. Patient knowledge, satisfaction and self-care behaviours were measured using a before and after design with validated questionnaires. As this was a pilot test to determine feasibility, no statistical comparisons were made. RESULTS Phase 1: Throughout the process of resource development, two main themes emerged from the stakeholder consultation. These were the importance of identity, meaning that it was important to ensure that the resource accurately reflected the local community, with the appropriate clothing, skin tone and voice. The resource was adapted to reflect this, and members of the local community voiced the recordings for the resource. The other theme was comprehension; images were important and all text was converted to the first person and used plain language. Phase 2: Five Aboriginal participants, mean age 61.6±10.0 years, with NYHA Class III and IV heart failure were enrolled. Participants reported a high level of satisfaction with the resource (83.0%). HF knowledge (percentage of correct responses) increased from 48.0±6.7% to 58.0±9.7%, a 20.8% increase, and results of the self-care index indicated that the biggest change was in patient confidence for self-care, with a 95% increase in confidence score (46.7±16.0 to 91.1±11.5). Changes in management and maintenance scores varied between patients. CONCLUSIONS By working in collaboration with HF experts, Aboriginal researchers and patients, a culturally safe HF resource has been developed for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients. Engaging Aboriginal researchers, capacity-building, and being responsive to local systems and structures enabled this pilot study to be successfully completed with the Aboriginal community and positive participant feedback demonstrated that the methodology used in this study was appropriate and acceptable; participants were able to engage with willingness and confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn A Clark
- Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | | | - Natahlia J Buitendyk
- Kelvin Grove Campus, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Michael J Adams
- Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, Acton Peninsula, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
| | | | | | | | - John Atherton
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Pearl CA, Adams MJ, Haggerty PK, Urban L. Using occupancy models to accommodate uncertainty in the interpretation of aerial photograph data: Status of beaver in Central Oregon, USA. WILDLIFE SOC B 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Pearl
- United States Geological Survey; Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | - Michael J. Adams
- United States Geological Survey; Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | - Patricia K. Haggerty
- United States Geological Survey; Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | - Leslie Urban
- United States Geological Survey; Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis OR 97331 USA
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Abstract
A database and website ( http://www.ictvonline.org/taxonomyReleases.asp ) have been established where the history of changes in virus taxonomy from 1971 to the present day can easily be traced. Each change is linked to a source document confirming the change or, for most changes since 2002, to the taxonomic proposal approved by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Adams
- , 24 Woodland Way, Stevenage, Herts, SG2 8BT, UK,
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