1
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Pérez-Castaño R, Aranda J, Widner FJ, Kieninger C, Deery E, Warren MJ, Orozco M, Elías-Arnanz M, Padmanabhan S, Kräutler B. The Rhodium Analogue of Coenzyme B 12 as an Anti-Photoregulatory Ligand Inhibiting Bacterial CarH Photoreceptors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401626. [PMID: 38416546 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Coenzyme B12 (AdoCbl; 5'-deoxy-5'-adenosylcobalamin), the quintessential biological organometallic radical catalyst, has a formerly unanticipated, yet extensive, role in photoregulation in bacteria. The light-responsive cobalt-corrin AdoCbl performs this nonenzymatic role by facilitating the assembly of CarH photoreceptors into DNA-binding tetramers in the dark, suppressing gene expression. Conversely, exposure to light triggers the decomposition of this AdoCbl-bound complex by a still elusive photochemical mechanism, activating gene expression. Here, we have examined AdoRhbl, the non-natural rhodium analogue of AdoCbl, as a photostable isostructural surrogate for AdoCbl. We show that AdoRhbl closely emulates AdoCbl in its uptake by bacterial cells and structural functionality as a regulatory ligand for CarH tetramerization, DNA binding, and repressor activity. Remarkably, we find AdoRhbl is photostable even when bound "base-off/His-on" to CarH in vitro and in vivo. Thus, AdoRhbl, an antivitamin B12, also represents an unprecedented anti-photoregulatory ligand, opening a pathway to precisely target biomimetic inhibition of AdoCbl-based photoregulation, with new possibilities for selective antibacterial applications. Computational biomolecular analysis of AdoRhbl binding to CarH yields detailed structural insights into this complex, which suggest that the adenosyl group of photoexcited AdoCbl bound to CarH may specifically undergo a concerted non-radical syn-1,2-elimination mechanism, an aspect not previously considered for this photoreceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Pérez-Castaño
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Aranda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, IRB Barcelona), Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Florian J Widner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Kieninger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Evelyne Deery
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Martin J Warren
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Modesto Orozco
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, IRB Barcelona), Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona (Spain); the Joint BSC-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Elías-Arnanz
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - S Padmanabhan
- Instituto de Química Física Blas Cabrera (IQF-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 119 c/Serrano, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernhard Kräutler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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2
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Padmanabhan S, Kumar TV, Giridharan K, Stalin B, Nagaprasad N, Jule LT, Ramaswamy K. An analysis of environment effect on ethanol blends with plastic fuel and blend optimization using a full factorial design. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21719. [PMID: 36522376 PMCID: PMC9755122 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing amount of plastic waste that needs to be properly disposed of in order to protect the environment from the negative effects of increasing reliance on plastic products. Recent interest has focused on chemical recycling as a means of reducing plastic's negative environmental effects. Converting waste plastics into basic petrochemicals allows them to serve as hydrocarbon feedstock or fuel oil through pyrolysis operations. Scientists have taken a keen interest in the production of bioethanol from renewable feedstocks due to its potential as a source of energy and alternative fuel. Due to its beneficial effects on the environment, ethanol has emerged as a promising biofuel. In this paper, energy recovered from low-density polyethylene and high-density polyethylene waste was converted into an alternative plastic fuel and evaluated for its environmental impact with the blending of ethanol in a diesel engine. Ternary fuel blends with 20%, 30%, and 40% waste plastic fuel and 10%, 15%, and 20% ethanol with standard diesel were tested. The study found that blending 10% ethanol with 20% plastic fuel decreased fuel consumption by around 7.9% compared to base diesel. Carbon monoxide emissions are reduced by about 10.2%, and hydrocarbon emissions are reduced by about 13.43% when using the same ternary blend. The optimum values of fuel consumption and emissions were obtained by full factorial design for a ternary fuel blend of 10% ethanol and 20% plastic fuel at the full load condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Padmanabhan
- grid.464713.30000 0004 1777 5670School of Mechanical and Construction, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - T. Vinod Kumar
- grid.412815.b0000 0004 1760 6324Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Chennai, India
| | - K. Giridharan
- grid.252262.30000 0001 0613 6919Department of Mechanical Engineering, Easwari Engineering College, Chennai, India
| | - B. Stalin
- grid.252262.30000 0001 0613 6919Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anna University, Regional Campus Madurai, Madurai, Tamilnadu 625019 India
| | - N. Nagaprasad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ULTRA College of Engineering and Technology, Madurai, Tamilnadu 625104 India
| | - Leta Tesfaye Jule
- Centre for Excellence-Indigenous Knowledge, Innovative Technology Transfer and Entrepreneurship, Dambi Dollo University, Dambi Dollo, Ethiopia ,Department of Physics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Dambi Dollo University, Dambi Dollo, Ethiopia
| | - Krishnaraj Ramaswamy
- Centre for Excellence-Indigenous Knowledge, Innovative Technology Transfer and Entrepreneurship, Dambi Dollo University, Dambi Dollo, Ethiopia ,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dambi Dollo University, Dambi Dollo, Ethiopia
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3
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Jayakumar P, Padmanabhan S, Lilly R, Suthendran K. Bio-medical Waste Remediation by Environmental Safe Gelatin Coated Blood Sample Paper and its Effective Utilization. Nat Env Poll Tech 2022. [DOI: 10.46488/nept.2022.v21i03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainability in human development sets exact standards for the management of natural resources, including their extraction, use, and the introduction of waste products into a complex, inventive circuit as a consequence of exploitation. Because of the negative influence that medical waste has on the environment and people, it needs specific handling. Medical waste is increasing in amount all the time and has a wide range of consequences across a wide range of activity domains. This paper discusses various issues of the sustainable management of blood sample bio-medical waste and evaluates the properties of alternative samples which are made of gelatin-coated sample paper. A unique bar-coded paper-based blood sample method has prevented complications during blood tests and is much more environmentally friendly.
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Padmanabhan S, Monera-Girona AJ, Pajares-Martínez E, Bastida-Martínez E, Del Rey Navalón I, Pérez-Castaño R, Galbis-Martínez ML, Fontes M, Elías-Arnanz M. Plasmalogens and Photooxidative Stress Signaling in Myxobacteria, and How it Unmasked CarF/TMEM189 as the Δ1'-Desaturase PEDS1 for Human Plasmalogen Biosynthesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:884689. [PMID: 35646900 PMCID: PMC9131029 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.884689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmalogens are glycerophospholipids with a hallmark sn-1 vinyl ether bond that endows them with unique physical-chemical properties. They have proposed biological roles in membrane organization, fluidity, signaling, and antioxidative functions, and abnormal plasmalogen levels correlate with various human pathologies, including cancer and Alzheimer’s disease. The presence of plasmalogens in animals and in anaerobic bacteria, but not in plants and fungi, is well-documented. However, their occurrence in the obligately aerobic myxobacteria, exceptional among aerobic bacteria, is often overlooked. Tellingly, discovery of the key desaturase indispensable for vinyl ether bond formation, and therefore fundamental in plasmalogen biogenesis, emerged from delving into how the soil myxobacterium Myxococcus xanthus responds to light. A recent pioneering study unmasked myxobacterial CarF and its human ortholog TMEM189 as the long-sought plasmanylethanolamine desaturase (PEDS1), thus opening a crucial door to study plasmalogen biogenesis, functions, and roles in disease. The findings demonstrated the broad evolutionary sweep of the enzyme and also firmly established a specific signaling role for plasmalogens in a photooxidative stress response. Here, we will recount our take on this fascinating story and its implications, and review the current state of knowledge on plasmalogens, their biosynthesis and functions in the aerobic myxobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Padmanabhan
- Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio J Monera-Girona
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Pajares-Martínez
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Bastida-Martínez
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Irene Del Rey Navalón
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Castaño
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Luisa Galbis-Martínez
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Fontes
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Montserrat Elías-Arnanz
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Abstract
Photoreceptor proteins enable living organisms to sense light and transduce this signal into biochemical outputs to elicit appropriate cellular responses. Their light sensing is typically mediated by covalently or noncovalently bound molecules called chromophores, which absorb light of specific wavelengths and modulate protein structure and biological activity. Known photoreceptors have been classified into about ten families based on the chromophore and its associated photosensory domain in the protein. One widespread photoreceptor family uses coenzyme B12 or 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin, a biological form of vitamin B12, to sense ultraviolet, blue, or green light, and its discovery revealed both a new type of photoreceptor and a novel functional facet of this vitamin, best known as an enzyme cofactor. Large strides have been made in our understanding of how these B12-based photoreceptors function, high-resolution structural descriptions of their functional states are available, as are details of their unusual photochemistry. Additionally, they have inspired notable applications in optogenetics/optobiochemistry and synthetic biology. Here, we provide an overview of what is currently known about these B12-based photoreceptors, their discovery, distribution, molecular mechanism of action, and the structural and photochemical basis of how they orchestrate signal transduction and gene regulation, and how they have been used to engineer optogenetic control of protein activities in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Padmanabhan
- Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Castaño
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lucía Osete-Alcaraz
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Carmen Polanco
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Montserrat Elías-Arnanz
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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Pérez-Castaño R, Bastida-Martínez E, Fernández Zapata J, Polanco MDC, Galbis-Martínez ML, Iniesta AA, Fontes M, Padmanabhan S, Elías-Arnanz M. Coenzyme B 12 -dependent and independent photoregulation of carotenogenesis across Myxococcales. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:1865-1886. [PMID: 35005822 PMCID: PMC9304148 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Light-induced carotenogenesis in Myxococcus xanthus is controlled by the B12 -based CarH repressor and photoreceptor, and by a separate intricate pathway involving singlet oxygen, the B12 -independent CarH paralog CarA and various other proteins, some eukaryotic-like. Whether other myxobacteria conserve these pathways and undergo photoregulated carotenogenesis is unknown. Here, comparative analyses across 27 Myxococcales genomes identified carotenogenic genes, albeit arranged differently, with carH often in their genomic vicinity, in all three Myxococcales suborders. However, CarA and its associated factors were found exclusively in suborder Cystobacterineae, with carA-carH invariably in tandem in a syntenic carotenogenic operon, except for Cystobacter/Melittangium, which lack CarA but retain all other factors. We experimentally show B12 -mediated photoregulated carotenogenesis in representative myxobacteria, and a remarkably plastic CarH operator design and DNA binding across Myxococcales. Unlike the two characterized CarH from other phyla, which are tetrameric, Cystobacter CarH (the first myxobacterial homolog amenable to analysis in vitro) is a dimer that combines direct CarH-like B12 -based photoregulation with CarA-like DNA-binding and inhibition by an antirepressor. This study provides new molecular insights into B12 -dependent photoreceptors. It further establishes the B12 -dependent pathway for photoregulated carotenogenesis as broadly prevalent across myxobacteria and its evolution, exclusively in one suborder, into a parallel complex B12 -independent circuit. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Pérez-Castaño
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Bastida-Martínez
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jesús Fernández Zapata
- Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Del Carmen Polanco
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Luisa Galbis-Martínez
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio A Iniesta
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Fontes
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - S Padmanabhan
- Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Elías-Arnanz
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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7
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Padmanabhan S, Joel C, Joel L, Reddy OY, Harsha KS, Ganesan S. Evaluation of Waste Plastic Pyrolysis Oil Performance with Diethyl Ether Additive on Insulated Piston Diesel Engine. NEPT 2021. [DOI: 10.46488/nept.2021.v20i05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the amount of waste plastics has risen significantly, energy may be extracted from it. Not only is it possible to dispose of waste plastics by converting them to fuel, but it is also possible to extract energy from them. Our research is motivated by the prospect of using waste plastics as a source of energy through waste plastic pyrolysis oil (WPPO). The innovation of this research is that it will assess the efficiency of plastic pyrolysis oil derived from Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) on a Thermal Barrier Coated (TBC) piston engine. The incremental ratio of WPPO to pure diesel with the addition of diethyl ether (DEE) was determined and its output and exhaust emission standards were evaluated using a direct injection single cylinder low heat rejection diesel engine. The results for the WPPO blends were promising as with TBCW20DEE10 demonstrating a 5 to 15% increase in carbon monoxide under different load conditions. TBCW20DEE10 confirmed a greater reduction of hydrocarbons varying from 5 to 12 %. At half load condition, TBCW20DEE10 emits approximately 3.5 % less unit
of smoke.
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Musmade BD, Baraskar ML, Ghodke VN, Bhope SG, Padmanabhan S, Lohar KS. Impurity profiling method development and validation of metformin hydrochloride and teneligliptin hydrobromide hydrate in their combination tablet dosage form by using RP-HPLC with UV/PDA detector. Futur J Pharm Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00362-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
An accurate, precise and robust analytical method was developed for the impurity profiling in the metformin hydrochloride and teneligliptin hydrobromide hydrate tablet. The gradient was optimized for better separation of impurities by using BDS Hypersil C18 250 × 4.6 mm, 5µ column operated at 35 °C. The octane sulfonic acid and phosphate buffer with triethylamine at pH 3.0 were used as mobile phase A, and acetonitrile was used as mobile phase B. The mobile phase was pumped at 1.0 mL/min. The gradient was optimized for better resolution, and the chromatogram was monitored at 210 nm.
Results
The % recovery of teneligliptin and metformin HCL observed was above 90% from LOQ level to 150%. The correlation coefficient r2 was 0.999 for metformin HCl, teneligliptin, melamine, cyanocobalamin, teneligliptin impurity A and 0.998 for teneligliptin impurity B. The method was found unaffected by change in method variance during the robustness study. During the stress study with acid, base, peroxide and temperature, maximum degradation was observed with peroxide indicating the sensitivity of the molecule toward oxidative stress.
Conclusions
The developed method is precise, accurate, robust and linear and hence can be routinely used for the related substance analysis of metformin hydrochloride and teneligliptin hydrobromide hydrate tablet in the quality control laboratory at manufacturing site during the commercial manufacturing.
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Padmanabhan S, Sposito A, Yeh M, Everitt M, White I, DeVoe DL. Reagent integration and controlled release for multiplexed nucleic acid testing in disposable thermoplastic 2D microwell arrays. Biomicrofluidics 2021; 15:014103. [PMID: 33520047 PMCID: PMC7816768 DOI: 10.1063/5.0039146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The seamless integration of reagents into microfluidic devices can serve to significantly reduce assay complexity and cost for disposable diagnostics. In this work, the integration of multiplexed reagents into thermoplastic 2D microwell arrays is demonstrated using a scalable pin spotting technique. Using a simple and low-cost narrow-bore capillary spotting pin, high resolution deposition of concentrated reagents within the arrays of enclosed nanoliter-scale wells is achieved. The pin spotting method is further employed to encapsulate the deposited reagents with a chemically modified wax layer that serves to prevent disruption of the dried assay components during sample introduction through a shared microchannel, while also enabling temperature-controlled release after sample filling is complete. This approach supports the arbitrary patterning and release of different reagents within individual wells without crosstalk for multiplexed analyses. The performance of the in-well spotting technique is characterized using on-chip rolling circle amplification to evaluate its potential for nucleic acid-based diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Padmanabhan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A. Sposito
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M. Yeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M. Everitt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - I. White
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D. L. DeVoe
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: +1-301-405-8125
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10
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Miller NA, Kaneshiro AK, Konar A, Alonso-Mori R, Britz A, Deb A, Glownia JM, Koralek JD, Mallik L, Meadows JH, Michocki LB, van Driel TB, Koutmos M, Padmanabhan S, Elías-Arnanz M, Kubarych KJ, Marsh ENG, Penner-Hahn JE, Sension RJ. The Photoactive Excited State of the B 12-Based Photoreceptor CarH. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:10732-10738. [PMID: 33174757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c09428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We have used transient absorption spectroscopy in the UV-visible and X-ray regions to characterize the excited state of CarH, a protein photoreceptor that uses a form of B12, adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl), to sense light. With visible excitation, a nanosecond-lifetime photoactive excited state is formed with unit quantum yield. The time-resolved X-ray absorption near edge structure difference spectrum of this state demonstrates that the excited state of AdoCbl in CarH undergoes only modest structural expansion around the central cobalt, a behavior similar to that observed for methylcobalamin rather than for AdoCbl free in solution. We propose a new mechanism for CarH photoreactivity involving formation of a triplet excited state. This allows the sensor to operate with high quantum efficiency and without formation of potentially dangerous side products. By stabilizing the excited electronic state, CarH controls reactivity of AdoCbl and enables slow reactions that yield nonreactive products and bypass bond homolysis and reactive radical species formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Ave. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - April K Kaneshiro
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0600, United States
| | - Arkaprabha Konar
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, United States
| | - Roberto Alonso-Mori
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Alexander Britz
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States.,Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Aniruddha Deb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Ave. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States.,Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, 930 N University Ave. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - James M Glownia
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jake D Koralek
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Leena Mallik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Ave. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Joseph H Meadows
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Ave. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Lindsay B Michocki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Ave. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Tim B van Driel
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Markos Koutmos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Ave. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States.,Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, 930 N University Ave. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - S Padmanabhan
- Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Montserrat Elías-Arnanz
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Kevin J Kubarych
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Ave. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - E Neil G Marsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Ave. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - James E Penner-Hahn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Ave. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States.,Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, 930 N University Ave. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Roseanne J Sension
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Ave. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States.,Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, United States.,Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, 930 N University Ave. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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11
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Gallego-García A, Monera-Girona AJ, Pajares-Martínez E, Bastida-Martínez E, Pérez-Castaño R, Iniesta AA, Fontes M, Padmanabhan S, Elías-Arnanz M. A bacterial light response reveals an orphan desaturase for human plasmalogen synthesis. Science 2020; 366:128-132. [PMID: 31604315 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay1436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Plasmalogens are glycerophospholipids with a hallmark sn-1 vinyl ether bond. These lipids are found in animals and some bacteria and have proposed membrane organization, signaling, and antioxidant roles. We discovered the plasmanylethanolamine desaturase activity that is essential for vinyl ether bond formation in a bacterial enzyme, CarF, which is a homolog of the human enzyme TMEM189. CarF mediates light-induced carotenogenesis in Myxococcus xanthus, and plasmalogens participate in sensing photooxidative stress through singlet oxygen. TMEM189 and other animal homologs could functionally replace CarF in M. xanthus, and knockout of TMEM189 in a human cell line eliminated plasmalogens. Discovery of the human plasmanylethanolamine desaturase will spur further study of plasmalogen biogenesis, functions, and roles in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aránzazu Gallego-García
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Antonio J Monera-Girona
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Elena Pajares-Martínez
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Eva Bastida-Martínez
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Castaño
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Antonio A Iniesta
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Marta Fontes
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - S Padmanabhan
- Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Elías-Arnanz
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain.
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12
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Mangesh VL, Padmanabhan S, Tamizhdurai P, Narayanan S, Ramesh A. Combustion and emission analysis of hydrogenated waste polypropylene pyrolysis oil blended with diesel. J Hazard Mater 2020; 386:121453. [PMID: 31928791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum-based plastic pyrolysis oil contains unsaturated compounds, and the presence of these compounds makes the produced fuel unsuitable for combustion in diesel engines. Hydrogenation of pyrolysis oil is performed to convert unsaturated compounds to saturated compounds. Past studies have shown that hydrogenation of petroleum-based plastic pyrolysis oil is viable; however, its combustion and emissions analysis in diesel engines has not yet been reported. In this study, we investigated the combustion, performance, and emissions of hydrogenated polypropylene pyrolysis oil (HPPO) blended with diesel. Polypropylene (PP) was converted to pyrolysis oil using ZSM-5 as the catalyst. The hydrogenation of polypropylene pyrolysis oil (PPO) was conducted at pressure of 70 bar, and the reaction temperature was maintained at 350 °C. Ni metal impregnated on the ZSM-5 base support was used as the catalyst of choice. The produced HPPO possessed physicochemical properties that match the EN590 standards(European diesel fuel standards). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) studies of PPO and HPPO showed the effectiveness of hydrogenation for the complete conversion of alkenes to alkanes, and hydrocracking resulted in cracking higher carbon number alkanes to lower values. HPPO was blended with diesel in ratios of 10 wt.%, 20 wt.%, 30 wt.%, and 40 wt.%. The diesel engine performance results for the blended fuel showed combustion, performance, and emissions on par with pure diesel fuel for blending ratios up to 20 wt.%. As is known, plastic solid waste (PSW) materials pose serious hazards to the environment. Our HPPO physicochemical properties matched the EN590 standards for diesel fuel. The combustion of HPPO in diesel engines can provide an option for environmentally cleaner disposal of PSW.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Mangesh
- Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Jeppiar Nagar, Chennai, 600119, India; Department of Marine Engineering, Coimbatore Marine College, Coimbatore, 641032, India.
| | - S Padmanabhan
- Department of Automobile Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai, 600062, India
| | - P Tamizhdurai
- Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - S Narayanan
- Sriram College of Arts and Science, Perumalpattu, Veppampattu, Tiruvallur, Tamilnadu, 602024, India
| | - A Ramesh
- Department of Chemistry, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Hithaishi
- Division of Nephrology University Health Network and University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - T. Lobbedez
- Division of Nephrology University Health Network and University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S. Padmanabhan
- Division of Nephrology University Health Network and University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M.E. Pineda
- Division of Nephrology University Health Network and University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - D.G. Oreopoulos
- Division of Nephrology University Health Network and University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Padmanabhan S. 478 A rare case of right ventricular ischaemia and ventricular tachycardia in neonate caused by intermittent occlusion of origin of the right coronary artery by an echogenic mass. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez319.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
OnBehalf
Cornwall
A term neonate with poor condition at birth was noted to be markedly bradycardic when crying. ECG showed first degree heart block. Echocardiogram demonstrated poor bi-ventricular function. He was treated for Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).
In the next few hours he developed short episodes of ventricular tachycardia with left bundle branch block and non-conducted P waves suggesting an origin of tachycardia from the right ventricle.
His repeat ECHO suggested that he had right ventricular infarction due to a very rare finding of intermittent occlusion of the origin of the right coronary artery by an echogenic mass.
He was transferred for emergency cardiac surgery to remove a clot of 1.6cm, occluding the right coronary artery. Histology findings were in keeping with a thrombus. Thrombophilia screen for both parents and infant were negative. MRI Brain did not show evidence of HIE suggesting his poor condition at birth was secondary to intermittent coronary ischemia. Discussion: Myocardial infarction (MI) in neonates is a rarely encountered and potentially life-threatening condition, with mortality rate as high as 90%. We present one of the first reported cases of successful surgical management of an acute right coronary artery thrombosis after an early diagnosis. The cause of thrombosis remains unclear in our patient. They were born in poor condition with initial pH 6.9 and lactate of 10, but with a structurally normal heart and negative thrombophilia screen. Perinatal asphyxia is a potential cause; however there is doubt that this may be a symptom rather than cause of the right coronary artery occlusion. Early diagnosis was key in management after a high level of clinical suspicion. He made significant recovery with near normal RV function, and is currently on captopril and carvedilol post-surgery. This is one of the first cases to document near full return of cardiac function following ischaemia to the right ventricle
Abstract 478 Figure. 5
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Affiliation(s)
- S Padmanabhan
- Royal Cornwall Hospitals Trust, Truro, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
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15
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Abood L, Padmanabhan S. P705 Is chest wall deformity a serious issue? A rare case of TGFBR1 mutation in the paediatric population. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez319.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Mutations in the genes encoding transforming growth factor β receptors 1 and 2 (TGFBR1 and TGFBR2) have recently been found in association with a continuum of clinical features.
Mild association – a presentation similar to that of Marfan"s syndrome.
Severe association – a complex phenotype in which aortic dissection or rupture commonly occurs in childhood and at aortic diameters, that ordinarily would not be predictive of these events. Classified as the Loeys–Dietz syndrome.
Is chest wall asymmetry a serious issue? A study of 71 patients with Loeys-Dietz – 9% died from aneurysm rupture or dissection with aortic diameters of less than 4.5cm and as early as 6 months of age.
Genetic variants of unknown clinical significance - how should they be managed?
CASE
History
3-year old girl seen in general paediatric clinic with 5 months history of worsening chest wall deformity.
Examination
Asymmetrical pectus deformity. Spinal asymmetry and soft systolic murmur at the lower left sternal edge.
INVESTIGATION
Chest x-ray: Grossly enlarged and distorted cardiac/mediastinal silhouette.
Echocardiogram
Massive ascending aortic root dilatation (5.5cm) with significant aortic regurgitation.
MRI whole body angiogram
Massively dilated aortic root and ascending aorta to the proximal arch, hugely tortuous and ectatic cerebral vessels, diffuse marked dural ectasia, asymmetrical pectus deformity and a diaphragmatic morgagni hernia in the lower right hemi thorax.
Genetic analysis
Heterozygous missense variant of unknown clinical significance in exon 3 of TGFBR1 gene. The first heterozygous missense variant of its kind in the paediatric population for which its clinical significance remains unknown.
TREATMENT
As risk of dissection, a Bentall procedure was performed.
Family screening - Father has a dilated proximal ascending aorta.
LEARNING POINTS
Chest wall deformity should prompt clinicians to expedite investigations for aortic root dilatation/aneurysm and connective tissue disorders.
The continuum of clinical features of these genetic associations emphasises the importance of early recognition of the phenotype, prophylactic intervention and meticulous surveillance of the distal aorta and vascular tree for optimal management.
A genetic variant of uncertain significance (VUS) should not be used in clinical decision making. Efforts to resolve the classification of the variant as pathogenic or benign should be undertaken with good working relationships with clinical geneticists.
A VUS is difficult for patients and parents to understand and may also cause psychological distress. The importance of careful clinical and molecular characterisation to identify patients and families at risk cannot be overemphasised. This allows the use of a structured approach to intervention, informed counselling regarding the risk of recurrence, concerns related to pregnancy, and guidelines for clinical management.
Abstract P705 Figure. Case Photography and Imaging
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Affiliation(s)
- L Abood
- Royal Cornwall Hospitals Trust, Truro, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - S Padmanabhan
- Royal Cornwall Hospitals Trust, Truro, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
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16
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Padmanabhan S, Han JY, Nanayankkara I, Tran K, Ho P, Mesfin N, White I, DeVoe DL. Enhanced sample filling and discretization in thermoplastic 2D microwell arrays using asymmetric contact angles. Biomicrofluidics 2020; 14:014113. [PMID: 32095199 PMCID: PMC7028432 DOI: 10.1063/1.5126938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Sample filling and discretization within thermoplastic 2D microwell arrays is investigated toward the development of low cost disposable microfluidics for passive sample discretization. By using a high level of contact angle asymmetry between the filling channel and microwell surfaces, a significant increase in the range of well geometries that can be successfully filled is revealed. The performance of various array designs is characterized numerically and experimentally to assess the impact of contact angle asymmetry and device geometry on sample filling and discretization, resulting in guidelines to ensure robust microwell filling and sample isolation over a wide range of well dimensions. Using the developed design rules, reliable and bubble-free sample filling and discretization is achieved in designs with critical dimensions ranging from 20 μm to 800 μm. The resulting devices are demonstrated for discretized nucleic acid amplification by performing loop-mediated isothermal amplification for the detection of the mecA gene associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Padmanabhan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J. Y. Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - I. Nanayankkara
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - K. Tran
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - P. Ho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - N. Mesfin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - I. White
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D. L. DeVoe
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: +1-301-405-8125
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17
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Bernal-Bernal D, Abellón-Ruiz J, Iniesta AA, Pajares-Martínez E, Bastida-Martínez E, Fontes M, Padmanabhan S, Elías-Arnanz M. Multifactorial control of the expression of a CRISPR-Cas system by an extracytoplasmic function σ/anti-σ pair and a global regulatory complex. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:6726-6745. [PMID: 29893914 PMCID: PMC6061681 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of CRISPR-Cas systems is a prerequisite for their defensive role against invading genetic elements. Yet, much remains unknown about how this crucial step is regulated. We describe a new mechanism controlling CRISPR-cas expression, which requires an extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factor (DdvS), its membrane-bound anti-σ (DdvA) and a global regulatory complex (CarD–CarG). Transcriptomic analyses revealed that the DdvS/CarD/CarG-dependent regulon comprises a type III-B CRISPR-Cas system in Myxococcus xanthus. We mapped four DdvS-driven CarD/CarG-dependent promoters, with one lying immediately upstream of the cas cluster. Consistent with direct action, DdvS and CarD–CarG localize at these promoters in vivo. The cas genes are transcribed as a polycistronic mRNA that reads through the leader into the CRISPR array, a putative σA-dependent promoter in the leader having negligible activity in vivo. Consequently, expression of the entire CRISPR-Cas system and mature CRISPR-RNA (crRNA) production is DdvS/CarD/CarG-dependent. DdvA likely uses its large C-terminal domain to sense and transduce the extracytoplasmic signal triggering CRISPR-cas expression, which we show is not starvation-induced multicellular development. An ECF-σ/anti-σ pair and a global regulatory complex provide an effective mechanism to coordinate signal-sensing with production of precursor crRNA, its processing Cas6 endoribonuclease and other Cas proteins for mature crRNA biogenesis and interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Bernal-Bernal
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Javier Abellón-Ruiz
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio A Iniesta
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Pajares-Martínez
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Bastida-Martínez
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Fontes
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - S Padmanabhan
- Instituto de Química Física 'Rocasolano', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQFR-CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Elías-Arnanz
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Padmanabhan S, Pérez-Castaño R, Elías-Arnanz M. B12-based photoreceptors: from structure and function to applications in optogenetics and synthetic biology. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2019; 57:47-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Babahosseini H, Padmanabhan S, Misteli T, DeVoe DL. A Scalable Random Access Micro-traps Array for Formation, Selective Retrieval and Capturing of Individual Droplets. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2019; 2019:1054-1057. [PMID: 31946075 PMCID: PMC8320702 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8857768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Formation, selective retrieval and capturing of individual droplets are key operational capabilities needed for a broad range of droplet microfluidic applications. The membrane displacement trap (MDT) element gives a robust method for uniform discretization and controllable manipulation of aqueous droplets using an enclosed micro-well covered by an elastomer membrane. This capability can be scaled up by combining the modular elements with a system design that requires a minimal number of signal inputs. Incorporation of MDT elements with a pneumatically-controllable multiplexer system can lead to a scalable random access MDT array platform for liquid discretization and selective manipulation. Herein, we report the design and development of a programmable droplet microfluidic platform for liquid sampling and selectively handling up to 32 individual droplets using 10 pneumatic signal inputs. The multiplexer system can logarithmically scale up capacity of the MDT array platform, making it possible to manipulate hundreds droplets.
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20
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Saravanan S, Umesha V, Syed Ali M, Padmanabhan S. Exponential passivity for uncertain neural networks with time-varying delays based on weighted integral inequalities. Neurocomputing 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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21
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Fernández-Zapata J, Pérez-Castaño R, Aranda J, Colizzi F, Polanco MC, Orozco M, Padmanabhan S, Elías-Arnanz M. Plasticity in oligomerization, operator architecture, and DNA binding in the mode of action of a bacterial B 12-based photoreceptor. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:17888-17905. [PMID: 30262667 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly discovered bacterial photoreceptors called CarH sense light by using 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl). They repress their own expression and that of genes for carotenoid synthesis by binding in the dark to operator DNA as AdoCbl-bound tetramers, whose light-induced disassembly relieves repression. High-resolution structures of Thermus thermophilus CarHTt have provided snapshots of the dark and light states and have revealed a unique DNA-binding mode whereby only three of four DNA-binding domains contact an operator comprising three tandem direct repeats. To gain further insights into CarH photoreceptors and employing biochemical, spectroscopic, mutational, and computational analyses, here we investigated CarHBm from Bacillus megaterium We found that apoCarHBm, unlike monomeric apoCarHTt, is an oligomeric molten globule that forms DNA-binding tetramers in the dark only upon AdoCbl binding, which requires a conserved W-X 9-EH motif. Light relieved DNA binding by disrupting CarHBm tetramers to dimers, rather than to monomers as with CarHTt CarHBm operators resembled that of CarHTt, but were larger by one repeat and overlapped with the -35 or -10 promoter elements. This design persisted in a six-repeat, multipartite operator we discovered upstream of a gene encoding an Spx global redox-response regulator whose photoregulated expression links photooxidative and general redox responses in B. megaterium Interestingly, CarHBm recognized the smaller CarHTt operator, revealing an adaptability possibly related to the linker bridging the DNA- and AdoCbl-binding domains. Our findings highlight a remarkable plasticity in the mode of action of B12-based CarH photoreceptors, important for their biological functions and development as optogenetic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Fernández-Zapata
- From the Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28006 Madrid
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Castaño
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30100
| | - Juan Aranda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona; Joint BSC-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona
| | - Francesco Colizzi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona; Joint BSC-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona
| | - María Carmen Polanco
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30100
| | - Modesto Orozco
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona; Joint BSC-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Padmanabhan
- From the Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28006 Madrid.
| | - Montserrat Elías-Arnanz
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30100.
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22
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Guzik B, McCallum L, Zmudka K, Jardine A, Guzik TJ, Dominiczak A, Padmanabhan S. P4783Arterial elastance predicts survival in low risk hypertensive patients. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.p4783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B Guzik
- Jagiellonian University, Medical Colledge, Department of Interventional Cardiology, Krakow, Poland
| | - L McCallum
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - K Zmudka
- Jagiellonian University, Medical Colledge, Department of Interventional Cardiology, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Jardine
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - T J Guzik
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - A Dominiczak
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - S Padmanabhan
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Guzik B, McCallum L, Zmudka K, Jardine A, Guzik TJ, Dominiczak A, Padmanabhan S. P2856Predictors of survival in hypertensive patients with left ventricle hypertrophy. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p2856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B Guzik
- Jagiellonian University, Medical Colledge, Department of Interventional Cardiology, Krakow, Poland
| | - L McCallum
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - K Zmudka
- Jagiellonian University, Medical Colledge, Department of Interventional Cardiology, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Jardine
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - T J Guzik
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - A Dominiczak
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - S Padmanabhan
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Bernal-Bernal D, Abellón-Ruiz J, Iniesta AA, Pajares-Martínez E, Bastida-Martínez E, Fontes M, Padmanabhan S, Elías-Arnanz M. Multifactorial control of the expression of a CRISPR-Cas system by an extracytoplasmic function σ/anti-σ pair and a global regulatory complex. Nucleic Acids Res 2018. [PMID: 29893914 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky475.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of CRISPR-Cas systems is a prerequisite for their defensive role against invading genetic elements. Yet, much remains unknown about how this crucial step is regulated. We describe a new mechanism controlling CRISPR-cas expression, which requires an extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factor (DdvS), its membrane-bound anti-σ (DdvA) and a global regulatory complex (CarD-CarG). Transcriptomic analyses revealed that the DdvS/CarD/CarG-dependent regulon comprises a type III-B CRISPR-Cas system in Myxococcus xanthus. We mapped four DdvS-driven CarD/CarG-dependent promoters, with one lying immediately upstream of the cas cluster. Consistent with direct action, DdvS and CarD-CarG localize at these promoters in vivo. The cas genes are transcribed as a polycistronic mRNA that reads through the leader into the CRISPR array, a putative σA-dependent promoter in the leader having negligible activity in vivo. Consequently, expression of the entire CRISPR-Cas system and mature CRISPR-RNA (crRNA) production is DdvS/CarD/CarG-dependent. DdvA likely uses its large C-terminal domain to sense and transduce the extracytoplasmic signal triggering CRISPR-cas expression, which we show is not starvation-induced multicellular development. An ECF-σ/anti-σ pair and a global regulatory complex provide an effective mechanism to coordinate signal-sensing with production of precursor crRNA, its processing Cas6 endoribonuclease and other Cas proteins for mature crRNA biogenesis and interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Bernal-Bernal
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Javier Abellón-Ruiz
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio A Iniesta
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Pajares-Martínez
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Bastida-Martínez
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Fontes
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - S Padmanabhan
- Instituto de Química Física 'Rocasolano', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQFR-CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Elías-Arnanz
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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25
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Abstract
An innovative platform enabling complex discretization and manipulation of aqueous droplets is described. The system uses simple membrane displacement trap elements to perform multiple functions including droplet discretization, release, metering, capture, and merging. Multi-layer PDMS devices with membrane displacement trap arrays are used to discretize sample into nanoliter scale droplet volumes, and reliably manipulate individual droplets within the arrays. Performance is characterized for varying capillary number flows, membrane actuation pressures, trap and membrane geometries, and trapped droplet volumes, with operational domains established for each platform function. The novel approach to sample digitization and droplet manipulation is demonstrated through discretization of a dilute bacteria sample, metering of individual traps to generate droplets containing single bacteria, and merging of the resulting droplets to pair the selected bacteria within a single droplet.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Padmanabhan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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26
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Roy A, Kumar P, Bhalla S, Jose A, Poulter N, Padmanabhan S, Prabhakaran D. P4550Building capacity for management of hypertension and its complications in developing country. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx504.p4550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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27
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Wigmore EM, Clarke TK, Howard DM, Adams MJ, Hall LS, Zeng Y, Gibson J, Davies G, Fernandez-Pujals AM, Thomson PA, Hayward C, Smith BH, Hocking LJ, Padmanabhan S, Deary IJ, Porteous DJ, Nicodemus KK, McIntosh AM. Do regional brain volumes and major depressive disorder share genetic architecture? A study of Generation Scotland (n=19 762), UK Biobank (n=24 048) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (n=5766). Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1205. [PMID: 28809859 PMCID: PMC5611720 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heritable and highly debilitating condition. It is commonly associated with subcortical volumetric abnormalities, the most replicated of these being reduced hippocampal volume. Using the most recent published data from Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-analysis (ENIGMA) consortium's genome-wide association study of regional brain volume, we sought to test whether there is shared genetic architecture between seven subcortical brain volumes and intracranial volume (ICV) and MDD. We explored this using linkage disequilibrium score regression, polygenic risk scoring (PRS) techniques, Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis and BUHMBOX. Utilising summary statistics from ENIGMA and Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, we demonstrated that hippocampal volume was positively genetically correlated with MDD (rG=0.46, P=0.02), although this did not survive multiple comparison testing. None of the other six brain regions studied were genetically correlated and amygdala volume heritability was too low for analysis. Using PRS analysis, no regional volumetric PRS demonstrated a significant association with MDD or recurrent MDD. MR analysis in hippocampal volume and MDD identified no causal association, however, BUHMBOX analysis identified genetic subgrouping in GS:SFHS MDD cases only (P=0.00281). In this study, we provide some evidence that hippocampal volume and MDD may share genetic architecture in a subgroup of individuals, albeit the genetic correlation did not survive multiple testing correction and genetic subgroup heterogeneity was not replicated. In contrast, we found no evidence to support a shared genetic architecture between MDD and other regional subcortical volumes or ICV.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Wigmore
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK,Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK. E-mail:
| | - T-K Clarke
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D M Howard
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M J Adams
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - L S Hall
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Y Zeng
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Gibson
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - G Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A M Fernandez-Pujals
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P A Thomson
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Hayward
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - B H Smith
- Division of Population Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - L J Hocking
- Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - S Padmanabhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - I J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - K K Nicodemus
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK,Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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28
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Abstract
Living organisms sense and respond to light, a crucial environmental factor, using photoreceptors, which rely on bound chromophores such as retinal, flavins, or linear tetrapyrroles for light sensing. The discovery of photoreceptors that sense light using 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin, a form of vitamin B12 that is best known as an enzyme cofactor, has expanded the number of known photoreceptor families and unveiled a new biological role of this vitamin. The prototype of these B12-dependent photoreceptors, the transcriptional repressor CarH, is widespread in bacteria and mediates light-dependent gene regulation in a photoprotective cellular response. CarH activity as a transcription factor relies on the modulation of its oligomeric state by 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin and light. This review surveys current knowledge about these B12-dependent photoreceptors, their distribution and mode of action, and the structural and photochemical basis of how they orchestrate signal transduction and control gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Padmanabhan
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marco Jost
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158-2140;
| | - Catherine L Drennan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139;
| | - Montserrat Elías-Arnanz
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética, Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
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29
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Mangesh VL, Padmanabhan S, Ganesan S, PrabhudevRahul D, Kumar Reddy TD. Prospects of pyrolysis oil from plastic waste as fuel for diesel engines: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/197/1/012027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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30
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Abstract
PURPOSE The UK Biobank is a large-scale biomedical resource, containing sociodemographic and medical information, including data on a previous diagnosis of stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA). We described these participants and their medication usage. PARTICIPANTS We identified participants who either self-reported or were identified from a nurse-led interview, having suffered a stroke or a TIA and compared them against participants without stroke ort TIA. We assessed their risk factor burden (sex, age, deprivation, waist to hip ratio (WHR), hypertension, smoking, alcohol intake, diabetes, physical exercise and oral contraception use (oral contraceptive pill, OCP)) and medication usage. FINDINGS TO DATE We studied 502,650 people (54.41% women), 6669 (1.23%) participants self-reported a stroke. The nurse-led interview identified 7669 (1.53%) people with stroke and 1781 (0.35%) with TIA. Hypertension, smoking, higher WHR, lower alcohol consumption and diabetes were all more common in people with cerebrovascular disease (p<0.0001 for each). Women with cerebrovascular disease were less likely to have taken the OCP (p=0.0002). People with cerebrovascular disease did more exercise (p=0.03). Antithrombotic medication was taken by 81% of people with stroke (both self-report and nurse-led responders) and 89% with TIA. For self-reported stroke, 63% were taking antithrombotic and cholesterol medications, 54% taking antithrombotic and antihypertensive medications and 46% taking all 3. For the nurse-led interview and TIA, these figures were 65%, 54% and 46%, and 70%, 53% and 45%, respectively. FUTURE PLANS The UK Biobank provides a large, generalisable and contemporary data source in a young population. The characterisation of the UK Biobank cohort with cerebrovascular disease will form the basis for ongoing research using this data source.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hewitt
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Walters
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - S Padmanabhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J Dawson
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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31
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Clarke TK, Lupton MK, Fernandez-Pujals AM, Starr J, Davies G, Cox S, Pattie A, Liewald DC, Hall LS, MacIntyre DJ, Smith BH, Hocking LJ, Padmanabhan S, Thomson PA, Hayward C, Hansell NK, Montgomery GW, Medland SE, Martin NG, Wright MJ, Porteous DJ, Deary IJ, McIntosh AM. Common polygenic risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with cognitive ability in the general population. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:419-25. [PMID: 25754080 PMCID: PMC4759203 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is common among individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It has been suggested that some aspects of intelligence are preserved or even superior in people with ASD compared with controls, but consistent evidence is lacking. Few studies have examined the genetic overlap between cognitive ability and ASD/ADHD. The aim of this study was to examine the polygenic overlap between ASD/ADHD and cognitive ability in individuals from the general population. Polygenic risk for ADHD and ASD was calculated from genome-wide association studies of ASD and ADHD conducted by the Psychiatric Genetics Consortium. Risk scores were created in three independent cohorts: Generation Scotland Scottish Family Health Study (GS:SFHS) (n=9863), the Lothian Birth Cohorts 1936 and 1921 (n=1522), and the Brisbane Adolescent Twin Sample (BATS) (n=921). We report that polygenic risk for ASD is positively correlated with general cognitive ability (beta=0.07, P=6 × 10(-7), r(2)=0.003), logical memory and verbal intelligence in GS:SFHS. This was replicated in BATS as a positive association with full-scale intelligent quotient (IQ) (beta=0.07, P=0.03, r(2)=0.005). We did not find consistent evidence that polygenic risk for ADHD was associated with cognitive function; however, a negative correlation with IQ at age 11 years (beta=-0.08, Z=-3.3, P=0.001) was observed in the Lothian Birth Cohorts. These findings are in individuals from the general population, suggesting that the relationship between genetic risk for ASD and intelligence is partly independent of clinical state. These data suggest that common genetic variation relevant for ASD influences general cognitive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-K Clarke
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK. E-mail:
| | - M K Lupton
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - J Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - G Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S Cox
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Pattie
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D C Liewald
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - L S Hall
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D J MacIntyre
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - B H Smith
- Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - L J Hocking
- Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - S Padmanabhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - P A Thomson
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK,Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Hayward
- Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,MRC Human Genetics, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - N K Hansell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - G W Montgomery
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - S E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - N G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - M J Wright
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - D J Porteous
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK,Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,MRC Human Genetics, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK,Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - I J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK,Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,MRC Human Genetics, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK,Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Jost M, Fernández-Zapata J, Polanco MC, Ortiz-Guerrero JM, Chen PYT, Kang G, Padmanabhan S, Elías-Arnanz M, Drennan CL. Structural basis for gene regulation by a B12-dependent photoreceptor. Nature 2015; 526:536-41. [PMID: 26416754 PMCID: PMC4634937 DOI: 10.1038/nature14950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Photoreceptor proteins enable organisms to sense and respond to light. The newly discovered CarH-type photoreceptors use a vitamin B12 derivative, adenosylcobalamin, as the light-sensing chromophore to mediate light-dependent gene regulation. Here, we present crystal structures of Thermus thermophilus CarH in all three relevant states: in the dark, both free and bound to operator DNA, and after light exposure. These structures provide a visualization of how adenosylcobalamin mediates CarH tetramer formation in the dark, how this tetramer binds to the promoter −35 element to repress transcription, and how light exposure leads to a large-scale conformational change that activates transcription. In addition to the remarkable functional repurposing of adenosylcobalamin from an enzyme cofactor to a light sensor, we find that nature also repurposed two independent protein modules in assembling CarH. These results expand the biological role of vitamin B12 and provide fundamental insight into a new mode of light-dependent gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Jost
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jésus Fernández-Zapata
- Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Carmen Polanco
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Area of Genetics (Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Faculty of Biology, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Ortiz-Guerrero
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Area of Genetics (Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Faculty of Biology, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Percival Yang-Ting Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Gyunghoon Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Padmanabhan
- Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Elías-Arnanz
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Area of Genetics (Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Faculty of Biology, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Catherine L Drennan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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33
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Cheung NW, Lih A, Lau SM, Park K, Padmanabhan S, McElduff A. Gestational diabetes: a red flag for future Type 2 diabetes in pregnancy? A retrospective analysis. Diabet Med 2015; 32:1167-71. [PMID: 25683163 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study sought to understand the relationship between Type 2 diabetes in pregnancy and previous gestational diabetes (GDM), and determine whether a previous pregnancy with GDM was associated with subsequent better pregnancy planning. METHODS A retrospective review of medical records of women with Type 2 diabetes in pregnancy was conducted at three teaching hospitals to ascertain whether they had earlier GDM, and to determine whether this is associated with differences in measures of pregnancy planning and diabetes management. RESULTS Of 172 index pregnancies affected by Type 2 diabetes, in 76 (44%) cases, the mother had a previous history of GDM. Within this cohort, a diagnosis of 'overt diabetes in pregnancy', made on the basis of a GTT result during pregnancy in the WHO diabetic range with persistent diabetes post partum, was more common among women who had previous GDM than women who had not had GDM (20% vs 7%, P = 0.02). Women who previously had GDM did not exhibit a higher incidence of preconception planning or folate supplementation. CONCLUSIONS It is common for women with Type 2 diabetes in pregnancy to have had GDM previously. The diagnosis of GDM is an opportunity to improve future pregnancy planning and outcomes for women with Type 2 diabetes in pregnancy. This goal is yet to be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- N W Cheung
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Lih
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - S M Lau
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - K Park
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - S Padmanabhan
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - A McElduff
- The Northern Sydney Endocrine Centre and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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34
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Jost M, Padmanabhan S, Elíaz‐Arnanz M, Drennan C. An Old Cofactor in a New Light: Adenosylcobalamin in Light‐Dependent Gene Regulation. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.573.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Jost
- Department of ChemistryMITCambridgeUnited States
| | - S. Padmanabhan
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMadridSpain
| | | | - Catherine Drennan
- Department of ChemistryMITCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute MITCambridgeUnited States
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35
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Gallego-García A, Mirassou Y, García-Moreno D, Elías-Arnanz M, Jiménez MA, Padmanabhan S. Structural insights into RNA polymerase recognition and essential function of Myxococcus xanthus CdnL. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108946. [PMID: 25272012 PMCID: PMC4182748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CdnL and CarD are two functionally distinct members of the CarD_CdnL_TRCF family of bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP)-interacting proteins, which co-exist in Myxococcus xanthus. While CarD, found exclusively in myxobacteria, has been implicated in the activity of various extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ-factors, the function and mode of action of the essential CdnL, whose homologs are widespread among bacteria, remain to be elucidated in M. xanthus. Here, we report the NMR solution structure of CdnL and present a structure-based mutational analysis of its function. An N-terminal five-stranded β-sheet Tudor-like module in the two-domain CdnL mediates binding to RNAP-β, and mutations that disrupt this interaction impair cell growth. The compact CdnL C-terminal domain consists of five α-helices folded as in some tetratricopeptide repeat-like protein-protein interaction domains, and contains a patch of solvent-exposed nonpolar and basic residues, among which a set of basic residues is shown to be crucial for CdnL function. We show that CdnL, but not its loss-of-function mutants, stabilizes formation of transcriptionally competent, open complexes by the primary σA-RNAP holoenzyme at an rRNA promoter in vitro. Consistent with this, CdnL is present at rRNA promoters in vivo. Implication of CdnL in RNAP-σA activity and of CarD in ECF-σ function in M. xanthus exemplifies how two related members within a widespread bacterial protein family have evolved to enable distinct σ-dependent promoter activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aránzazu Gallego-García
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Yasmina Mirassou
- Instituto de Química Física ‘Rocasolano’, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQFR-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana García-Moreno
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Montserrat Elías-Arnanz
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- * E-mail: (MEA); (MAJ); (SP)
| | - María Angeles Jiménez
- Instituto de Química Física ‘Rocasolano’, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQFR-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (MEA); (MAJ); (SP)
| | - S. Padmanabhan
- Instituto de Química Física ‘Rocasolano’, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQFR-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (MEA); (MAJ); (SP)
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van Hecke O, Torrance N, Cochrane L, Cavanagh J, Donnan PT, Padmanabhan S, Porteous DJ, Hocking L, Smith BH. Does a history of depression actually mediate smoking-related pain? Findings from a cross-sectional general population-based study. Eur J Pain 2014; 18:1223-30. [PMID: 24577799 DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2014.00470.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smokers report more pain and worse functioning. The evidence from pain clinics suggests that depression affects this relationship: The association between smoking and chronic pain is weakened when controlling for depression. This study explored the relationship between smoking, pain and depression in a large general population-based cohort (Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study). METHODS Chronic pain measures (intensity, disability), self-reported smoking status and a history of major depressive disorder (MDD) were analysed. A multivariate analysis of covariance determined whether smoking status was associated with both pain measures and a history of depressive illness. Using a statistical mediation model any mediating effect of depression on the relationship between smoking and chronic pain was sought. RESULTS Of all 24,024 participants, 30% (n = 7162) reported any chronic pain. Within this chronic pain group, 16% (n = 1158) had a history of MDD; 7108 had valid smoking data: 20% (n = 1408) were current smokers, 33% (n = 2351) former and 47% (n = 3349) never smokers. Current smokers demonstrated higher pain intensity and pain-related disability scores compared with former and non-smokers (p < 0.001 for all analyses). From the mediation model, the effect on pain intensity decreased (p < 0.001), indicating that the relationship between smoking and a history of depression contributes significantly to the effect of smoking on pain intensity. When applied to smoking-related pain disability, there was no mediation effect. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to smokers treated in pain clinics, a history of MDD mediated the relationship between smoking and pain intensity, but not pain-related disability in smokers in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- O van Hecke
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, UK
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Abellón-Ruiz J, Bernal-Bernal D, Abellán M, Fontes M, Padmanabhan S, Murillo FJ, Elías-Arnanz M. The CarD/CarG regulatory complex is required for the action of several members of the large set of Myxococcus xanthus extracytoplasmic function σ factors. Environ Microbiol 2014; 16:2475-90. [PMID: 24428729 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factors are critical players in signal transduction networks involved in bacterial response to environmental changes. The Myxococcus xanthus genome reveals ∼45 putative ECF-σ factors, but for the overwhelming majority, the specific signals or mechanisms for selective activation and regulation remain unknown. One well-studied ECF-σ, CarQ, binds to its anti-σ, CarR, and is inactive in the dark but drives its own expression from promoter P(QRS) on illumination. This requires the CarD/CarG complex, the integration host factor (IHF) and a specific CarD-binding site upstream of P(QRS). Here, we show that DdvS, a previously uncharacterized ECF-σ, activates its own expression in a CarD/CarG-dependent manner but is inhibited when specifically bound to the N-terminal zinc-binding anti-σ domain of its cognate anti-σ, DdvA. Interestingly, we find that the autoregulatory action of 11 other ECF-σ factors studied here depends totally or partially on CarD/CarG but not IHF. In silico analysis revealed possible CarD-binding sites that may be involved in direct regulation by CarD/CarG of target promoter activity. CarD/CarG-linked ECF-σ regulation likely recurs in other myxobacteria with CarD/CarG orthologous pairs and could underlie, at least in part, the global regulatory effect of the complex on M. xanthus gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Abellón-Ruiz
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Padmanabhan S, Kareva T, Kholodilov N, Burke RE. Quantitative morphological comparison of axon-targeting strategies for gene therapies directed to the nigro-striatal projection. Gene Ther 2013; 21:115-22. [PMID: 24305419 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2013.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cellular targeting of mRNAs and proteins to axons is essential for axon growth during development and is likely to be important for adult maintenance as well. Given the importance and potency of these axon-targeting motifs to the biology of axons, it seems possible that they can be used in the design of transgenes that are intended to enhance axon growth or maintenance, so as to improve potency and minimize off-target effects. To investigate this possibility, it is first essential to assess known motifs for their efficacy. We have therefore evaluated four axon-targeting motifs, using adeno-associated viral vector-mediated gene delivery in the nigro-striatal dopaminergic system, a projection that is predominantly affected in Parkinson's disease. We have tested two mRNA axonal zipcodes, the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of β-actin and 3' UTR of tau, and two axonal-targeting protein motifs, the palmitoylation signal sequence in GAP-43 and the last 15 amino acids in the amyloid precursor protein, to direct the expression of the fluorescent protein Tomato in axons. These sequences, fused to Tomato, were able to target its expression to dopaminergic axons. Based on quantification of Tomato-positive axons, and the density of striatal innervation, we conclude that the C-terminal of the amyloid precursor protein is the most effective axon-targeting motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Padmanabhan
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - T Kareva
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - N Kholodilov
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - R E Burke
- 1] Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA [2] Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Ganesh SK, Tragante V, Guo W, Guo Y, Lanktree MB, Smith EN, Johnson T, Castillo BA, Barnard J, Baumert J, Chang YPC, Elbers CC, Farrall M, Fischer ME, Franceschini N, Gaunt TR, Gho JMIH, Gieger C, Gong Y, Isaacs A, Kleber ME, Leach IM, McDonough CW, Meijs MFL, Mellander O, Molony CM, Nolte IM, Padmanabhan S, Price TS, Rajagopalan R, Shaffer J, Shah S, Shen H, Soranzo N, van der Most PJ, Van Iperen EPA, Van Setten J, Vonk JM, Zhang L, Beitelshees AL, Berenson GS, Bhatt DL, Boer JMA, Boerwinkle E, Burkley B, Burt A, Chakravarti A, Chen W, Cooper-DeHoff RM, Curtis SP, Dreisbach A, Duggan D, Ehret GB, Fabsitz RR, Fornage M, Fox E, Furlong CE, Gansevoort RT, Hofker MH, Hovingh GK, Kirkland SA, Kottke-Marchant K, Kutlar A, LaCroix AZ, Langaee TY, Li YR, Lin H, Liu K, Maiwald S, Malik R, Murugesan G, Newton-Cheh C, O'Connell JR, Onland-Moret NC, Ouwehand WH, Palmas W, Penninx BW, Pepine CJ, Pettinger M, Polak JF, Ramachandran VS, Ranchalis J, Redline S, Ridker PM, Rose LM, Scharnag H, Schork NJ, Shimbo D, Shuldiner AR, Srinivasan SR, Stolk RP, Taylor HA, Thorand B, Trip MD, van Duijn CM, Verschuren WM, Wijmenga C, Winkelmann BR, Wyatt S, Young JH, Boehm BO, Caulfield MJ, Chasman DI, Davidson KW, Doevendans PA, FitzGerald GA, Gums JG, Hakonarson H, Hillege HL, Illig T, Jarvik GP, Johnson JA, Kastelein JJP, Koenig W, Marz W, Mitchell BD, Murray SS, Oldehinkel AJ, Rader DJ, Reilly MP, Reiner AP, Schadt EE, Silverstein RL, Snieder H, Stanton AV, Uitterlinden AG, van der Harst P, van der Schouw YT, Samani NJ, Johnson AD, Munroe PB, de Bakker PIW, Zhu X, Levy D, Keating BJ, Asselbergs FW. Loci influencing blood pressure identified using a cardiovascular gene-centric array. Hum Mol Genet 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Mirassou Y, Elías-Arnanz M, Padmanabhan S, Jiménez MA. (1)H, (13)C and (15)N assignments of CdnL, an essential protein in Myxococcus xanthus. Biomol NMR Assign 2013; 7:51-55. [PMID: 22392343 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-012-9375-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CdnL, an essential protein in Myxococcus xanthus and several other bacteria, is a member of the large CarD_TRCF family of bacterial proteins that interact with RNA polymerase. Structural analyses of the 164-residue M. xanthus CdnL by NMR is complicated because of broadening, and hence overlap, of the signals due to the self-association and the monomer-dimer equilibrium that occurs in solution. Here, we report (1)H, (13)C and (15)N assignments for CdnL achieved by analyzing its NMR spectra on the basis of the complete assignment obtained in this study for the 68-residue N-terminal fragment of CdnL (CdnLNt) together with those we described previously for the stable, protease-resistant, 110-residue C-terminal domain (CdnLCt). This approach relied on our observation that many of the CdnLNt and CdnLCt chemical shifts matched closely with those of the equivalent residues in the full-length protein. Our assignments provide the crucial first step in the structural analysis of CdnL and this functionally important family of bacterial proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina Mirassou
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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Gallego-García A, Mirassou Y, Elías-Arnanz M, Padmanabhan S, Jiménez MA. NMR structure note: N-terminal domain of Thermus thermophilus CdnL. J Biomol NMR 2012; 53:355-363. [PMID: 22782235 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-012-9648-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aranzazu Gallego-García
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Swords RT, Anguita J, Higgins RA, Yunes AC, Naski M, Padmanabhan S, Kelly KR, Mahalingam D, Philbeck T, Miller L, Puga TA, Giles FJ, Kinney MC, Brenner AJ. A prospective randomised study of a rotary powered device (OnControl) for bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. J Clin Pathol 2011; 64:809-13. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2011-200047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Horwitz SM, Coiffier B, Foss FM, Prince HM, Sokol L, Greenwood M, Caballero D, Borchmann P, Morschhauser F, Wilhelm M, Pinter-Brown LC, Padmanabhan S, Shustov AR, Nichols J, Balser J, Carroll S, Pro B. Complete responses (CR/CRu) on a phase II study of romidepsin in relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma (R/R PTCL). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.8033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Beryozkina A, Nichols GL, Reckner M, Vassilev LT, Rueger R, Jukofsky L, Middleton S, Andreeff M, Padmanabhan S, Strair R, Delioukina ML, Maslak PG, Hillmen P, Kurzrock R, Gore L, Patnaik A, Maki RG, Schwartz GK, Wagner AJ, Zhi J. Pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of RG7112, an oral murine double minute 2 (MDM2) antagonist, in patients with leukemias and solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.3039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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45
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Kantarjian HM, Padmanabhan S, Stock W, Tallman MS, Curt GA, Li J, Osmukhina A, Wu K, Huszar D, Borthukar G, Faderl S, Garcia-Manero G, Kadia T, Sankhala K, Odenike O, Altman JK, Minden M. Phase I/II multicenter study to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of AZD4877 in patients with refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Invest New Drugs 2011; 30:1107-15. [PMID: 21494838 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-011-9660-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Eg5 (kinesin spindle protein) is a microtubule motor protein, essential for centrosome separation during mitosis. This Phase I/II, open-label, multicenter, two-part study investigated AZD4877, a potent Eg5 inhibitor, in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Primary objectives were to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) (part A), assess efficacy (part B) and determine the pharmacokinetic profile (parts A and B). Secondary objectives included assessment of safety and tolerability. AZD4877 was administered at a range of doses (2, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 18 mg/day) as a 1-hour intravenous infusion on three consecutive days of a continuous 2-week schedule. The MTD in part A was defined as 16 mg/day based on dose-limiting stomatitis at 16 and 18 mg/day, hyperbilirubinemia at 16 mg/day and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome at 18 mg/day. Systemic exposure to AZD4877 generally increased with increasing dose whereas half-life was not dose dependent. No evaluable patients experienced a complete remission (CR) or CR with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi), demonstrating no evidence of AZD4877 efficacy in this population. Evidence of monoasters in all but the 4 mg/day dose group provided proof of mechanism for AZD4877. This study was terminated due to lack of efficacy. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00486265).
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Kantarjian
- University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Box 428, Houston, TX 77030-1402, USA.
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Elías-Arnanz M, Padmanabhan S, Murillo FJ. Light-dependent gene regulation in nonphototrophic bacteria. Curr Opin Microbiol 2011; 14:128-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2010.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Varghese S, Kailasam V, Padmanabhan S, Vikraman B, Chithranjan A. Evaluation of the accuracy of linear measurements on spiral computed tomography-derived three-dimensional images and its comparison with digital cephalometric radiography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2010; 39:216-23. [PMID: 20395462 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/30048377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of linear measurements obtained from reconstructed spiral CT images of human dry skulls in three planes by comparing them with direct skull measurements, and then to compare these with measurements made on photostimulable phosphor cephalograms. METHODS Using a Siemens Somatom Sensation spiral CT scanner (Munich, Germany), CT images of six human dry skulls were imported into imaging software (Mimics 11.02 Materialise, Leuven, Belgium) and the measurements made were compared to the direct measurements made using a digital calliper (500-171, CD-6C, Mitutoyo, Kawasaki, Japan). The measurements were also compared to those made on frontal and lateral cephalograms taken using a digital cephalostat (Planmeca Oy, Helsinki, Finland). The mean of the 15 linear measurements obtained were compared using the paired Student's t-test. RESULTS CT measurements did not show a significant difference from the direct skull measurements (P < 0.05) in all three planes except for two midsagittal measurements in the anteroposterior plane. Cephalometric measurements were comparable to direct skull measurements for midsagittal measurements in the anteroposterior plane, but showed a significant difference when bilateral measurements were considered. Cephalometric measurements also showed a significant difference in the transverse plane from direct measurements and CT measurements; however, they did not display a significant difference between direct skull measurements and CT measurements for most parameters in the vertical plane. CONCLUSION Linear measurements on the spiral CT were comparable to anatomical measurements and were more reliable than cephalometric measurements. Cephalometric measurements were acceptable for midsagittal measurements in the anteroposterior plane, but showed a significant variation from anatomical and CT measurements in most other parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Varghese
- Department of Orthodontics, Sri Ramachandra Dental College, No.1 Ramachandra Nagar, Porur, Chennai-600116, India
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Abstract
A global regulatory complex made up of two unconventional transcriptional factors, CarD and CarG, is implicated in the control of various processes in Myxococcus xanthus, a Gram-negative bacterium that serves as a prokaryotic model system for multicellular development and the response to blue light. CarD has a unique two-domain architecture composed of: (1) a C-terminal DNA-binding domain that resembles eukaryotic high mobility group A (HMGA) proteins, which are relatively abundant, nonhistone components of chromatin that remodel DNA and prime it for the assembly of multiprotein-DNA complexes essential for various DNA transactions, and (2) an N-terminal domain involved in interactions with CarG and RNA polymerase, which is also the founding member of the large CarD_TRCF family of bacterial proteins. CarG, which does not bind DNA directly, has a zinc-binding motif of the type found in the archaemetzincin class of metalloproteases that, in CarG, appears to play a purely structural role. This review aims to provide an overview of the known molecular details and insights emerging from the study of the singular CarD-CarG prokaryotic regulatory complex and its parallels with enhanceosomes, the higher order, nucleoprotein transcription complexes in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Elías-Arnanz
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Area de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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49
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Benson DM, Padmanabhan S, Hofmeister CC, Bakan CE, Abonour R, Suvannasankha A, Efebera YA, Squiban PJ, Caligiuri MA, Farag S. A phase I study of IPH2101, a novel anti-inhibitory KIR monoclonal antibody, in patients with multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.8139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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50
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León E, Navarro-Avilés G, Santiveri CM, Flores-Flores C, Rico M, González C, Murillo FJ, Elías-Arnanz M, Jiménez MA, Padmanabhan S. A bacterial antirepressor with SH3 domain topology mimics operator DNA in sequestering the repressor DNA recognition helix. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 38:5226-41. [PMID: 20410074 PMCID: PMC2926617 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct targeting of critical DNA-binding elements of a repressor by its cognate antirepressor is an effective means to sequester the repressor and remove a transcription initiation block. Structural descriptions for this, though often proposed for bacterial and phage repressor–antirepressor systems, are unavailable. Here, we describe the structural and functional basis of how the Myxococcus xanthus CarS antirepressor recognizes and neutralizes its cognate repressors to turn on a photo-inducible promoter. CarA and CarH repress the carB operon in the dark. CarS, produced in the light, physically interacts with the MerR-type winged-helix DNA-binding domain of these repressors leading to activation of carB. The NMR structure of CarS1, a functional CarS variant, reveals a five-stranded, antiparallel β-sheet fold resembling SH3 domains, protein–protein interaction modules prevalent in eukaryotes but rare in prokaryotes. NMR studies and analysis of site-directed mutants in vivo and in vitro unveil a solvent-exposed hydrophobic pocket lined by acidic residues in CarS, where the CarA DNA recognition helix docks with high affinity in an atypical ligand-recognition mode for SH3 domains. Our findings uncover an unprecedented use of the SH3 domain-like fold for protein–protein recognition whereby an antirepressor mimics operator DNA in sequestering the repressor DNA recognition helix to activate transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther León
- Instituto de Química-Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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