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Schäfer M, Di Maria MV, Jaggers J, Stone ML, Campbell DN, Ivy DD, Mitchell MB. Hemi-Fontan and bidirectional Glenn operations result in flow-mediated viscous energy loss at the time of stage II palliation. JTCVS OPEN 2023; 16:836-843. [PMID: 38204687 PMCID: PMC10775100 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjon.2023.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Superior cavopulmonary connection (SCPC) for stage II palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is achieved most frequently by either a bidirectional Glenn (BDG) or hemi-Fontan (HF) operation. The comparison of flow hemodynamic efficiency at the region of surgical reconstruction and in proximal pulmonary arteries has been evaluated primarily using computational modeling techniques with conflicting reports. The purpose of this descriptive study was to compare flow hemodynamics following stage II (BDG vs HF) using 4-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging (4D-Flow MRI) with particular focus on flow-mediated viscous energy loss (EL') under matched hemodynamic conditions. Methods Patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) who underwent either HF or BDG as part of stage II palliation underwent pre-Fontan 4D-Flow MRI. Patients were matched by the pulmonary vascular resistance index, net superior vena cava (SVC) flow, right pulmonary artery (RPA) and left pulmonary artery (LPA) size, and age. Maximum EL' throughout the cardiac cycle was calculated along the SVC-RPA and SVC-LPA tracts. Results Eight patients who underwent HF as part of their stage II single ventricle palliation were matched with 8 patients who underwent BDG. There were no differences between the 2 groups in median volumetric indices, including end-diastolic volume (P = .278) and end-systolic volume (P = .213). Moreover, no differences were observed in ejection fraction (P = .091) and cardiac index (P = .324). There also were no differences in peak EL' measured along the SVC-RPA tract (median, 0.05 mW for HF vs 0.04 mW for BDG; P = .365) or along the SVC-LPA tract (median, 0.05 mW vs 0.04 mW; P = .741). Conclusions The second stage of surgical palliation of HLHS using either HF or BDG results in similar flow-mediated viscous energy loss throughout the SCPC junction. 4D-Flow MRI and computational methods should be applied together to investigate flow hemodynamic patterns throughout the Fontan palliation and overall efficiency of the Fontan circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Schäfer
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
| | - Michael V. Di Maria
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
| | - James Jaggers
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
| | - Matthew L. Stone
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
| | - David N. Campbell
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
| | - D. Dunbar Ivy
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
| | - Max B. Mitchell
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
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A computational study of aortic reconstruction in single ventricle patients. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2023; 22:357-377. [PMID: 36335184 PMCID: PMC10174275 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-022-01650-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) are born with an underdeveloped left heart. They typically receive a sequence of surgeries that result in a single ventricle physiology called the Fontan circulation. While these patients usually survive into early adulthood, they are at risk for medical complications, partially due to their lower than normal cardiac output, which leads to insufficient cerebral and gut perfusion. While clinical imaging data can provide detailed insight into cardiovascular function within the imaged region, it is difficult to use these data for assessing deficiencies in the rest of the body and for deriving blood pressure dynamics. Data from patients used in this paper include three-dimensional, magnetic resonance angiograms (MRA), time-resolved phase contrast cardiac magnetic resonance images (4D-MRI) and sphygmomanometer blood pressure measurements. The 4D-MRI images provide detailed insight into velocity and flow in vessels within the imaged region, but they cannot predict flow in the rest of the body, nor do they provide values of blood pressure. To remedy these limitations, this study combines the MRA, 4D-MRI, and pressure data with 1D fluid dynamics models to predict hemodynamics in the major systemic arteries, including the cerebral and gut vasculature. A specific focus is placed on studying the impact of aortic reconstruction occurring during the first surgery that results in abnormal vessel morphology. To study these effects, we compare simulations for an HLHS patient with simulations for a matched control patient that has double outlet right ventricle (DORV) physiology with a native aorta. Our results show that the HLHS patient has hypertensive pressures in the brain as well as reduced flow to the gut. Wave intensity analysis suggests that the HLHS patient has irregular circulatory function during light upright exercise conditions and that predicted wall shear stresses are lower than normal, suggesting the HLHS patient may have hypertension.
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Das A, Hameed M, Prather R, Farias M, Divo E, Kassab A, Nykanen D, DeCampli W. In-Silico and In-Vitro Analysis of the Novel Hybrid Comprehensive Stage II Operation for Single Ventricle Circulation. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10020135. [PMID: 36829630 PMCID: PMC9952694 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Single ventricle (SV) anomalies account for one-fourth of all congenital heart disease cases. The existing palliative treatment for this anomaly achieves a survival rate of only 50%. To reduce the trauma associated with surgical management, the hybrid comprehensive stage II (HCSII) operation was designed as an alternative for a select subset of SV patients with the adequate antegrade aortic flow. This study aims to provide better insight into the hemodynamics of HCSII patients utilizing a multiscale Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model and a mock flow loop (MFL). Both 3D-0D loosely coupled CFD and MFL models have been tuned to match baseline hemodynamic parameters obtained from patient-specific catheterization data. The hemodynamic findings from clinical data closely match the in-vitro and in-silico measurements and show a strong correlation (r = 0.9). The geometrical modification applied to the models had little effect on the oxygen delivery. Similarly, the particle residence time study reveals that particles injected in the main pulmonary artery (MPA) have successfully ejected within one cardiac cycle, and no pathological flows were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arka Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-386-241-1457
| | - Marwan Hameed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Bahrain, Riffa 942, Bahrain
| | - Ray Prather
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- The Heart Center at Orlando Health Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL 32806, USA
| | - Michael Farias
- The Heart Center at Orlando Health Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL 32806, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Eduardo Divo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA
| | - Alain Kassab
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - David Nykanen
- The Heart Center at Orlando Health Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL 32806, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - William DeCampli
- The Heart Center at Orlando Health Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL 32806, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
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4
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Hou Q, Tao K, Du T, Wei H, Zhang H, Chen S, Pan Y, Qiao A. A computational analysis of potential aortic dilation induced by the hemodynamic effects of bicuspid aortic valve phenotypes. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 220:106811. [PMID: 35447428 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a major risk factor for the progression of aortic dilation (AD) because of the induced abnormal blood flow environment in aorta. The differences in the development of AD induced by BAV phenotypes remains unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the potential locations of AD induced by different phenotypes of BAV. The different effects of opening orifice area and leaflet orientation on ascending aortic hemodynamics in Type-1 BAV was investigated by means of numerical simulation. METHODS Finite element dynamic analysis was performed on tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) and BAV models to simulate the motion of the leaflets and obtain the geometrical characteristics of AV at peak systole as a reference, which were used for aortic models. Then, four sets of aortic fluid models were designed according to the leaflet fusion types [TAV; BAV (left-right-coronary cusp fusion, LR; right-non-coronary cusp fusion, RN; left-non-coronary cusp fusion, LN)], and the computational fluid dynamics method was applied to compare the hemodynamic differences within the aorta at peak systole. RESULTS The maximum opening area of BAV was significantly reduced, resulting in alterations in aortic hemodynamics compared with TAV. The velocity streamlines were essentially parallel to the aortic wall in TAV. The average pressure and wall shear stress in aorta tend to be stable. In contrary, the eccentricity of BAV orifice jet resulted in high-velocity flow directed toward the ascending aorta (AA) wall and aortic arch for LR and LN; RN features an asymmetrical velocity distribution toward the outer bend of the middle AA, and eccentric flow tends to impact the distal AA. As the flow angle is associated with distinct flow impingement locations, different degrees of WSS and pressure concentration occur along the aortic wall from the AA to the aortic arch in three BAV types. CONCLUSIONS The BAV morphotype affects the aortic hemodynamics, and the abnormal blood flow associated with BAV may play a role in AD. The different BAV phenotypes determine the direction of blood flow jet and change the expression of dilation. LR is likely to cause dilation of the tubular AA; RN results in dilation of the middle AA to proximal aortic arch; and LN causes an increased incidence of the tubular AA and the proximal aortic arch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Hou
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China; Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Base for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Beijing, China
| | - Keyi Tao
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China; Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Base for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Beijing, China
| | - Tianming Du
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China; Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Base for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongge Wei
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China; Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Base for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Beijing, China
| | - Honghui Zhang
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China; Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Base for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Beijing, China
| | - Shiliang Chen
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China; Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Base for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Beijing, China
| | - Youlian Pan
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China; Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Base for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Beijing, China
| | - Aike Qiao
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China; Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Base for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Beijing, China.
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A Tribute to Ajit Yoganathan's Cardiovascular Fluid Mechanics Lab: A Survey of Its Contributions to Our Understanding of the Physiology and Management of Single-Ventricle Patients. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2021; 12:631-639. [PMID: 34018153 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-021-00540-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Among patients with congenital heart disease, those born with only a single working ventricle represent a particularly complex sub-population, typically requiring multiple surgeries and suffering from high levels of mortality and morbidity. Their cardiac care is complex and has evolved considerably since surgical palliation was first introduced more than 50 years ago. Improvements in treatment have been driven both by growing clinical experience and by knowledge gained through experimental and computational studies of blood flow in these patients. The Cardiovascular Fluid Mechanics Lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology, founded 30 years ago by Dr. Ajit Yoganathan, has pioneered work in this field. METHODS In this review, key contributions of Dr. Yoganathan's Cardiovascular Fluid Dynamics Lab are surveyed, including experimental flow loop studies as well as computational fluid dynamics analyses that address many of the critical challenges that cardiologists and surgeons face in treating these patients, including how to reconstruct cardiovascular anatomy to minimize power loss, balance blood flow distribution at key bifurcation points, and avoid other unfavorable hemodynamic conditions. CONCLUSIONS Among many contributions in this field, work from the Cardiovascular Fluid Mechanics Lab has led to novel medical devices and patient-specific computational modeling workflows and software tools. These key contributions from this group have enhanced our understanding of the physiology and management of single-ventricle patients.
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Abstract
An implants' effectiveness depends upon the form of biomaterial used in its manufacture. A suitable material for implants should be biocompatible, sterile, mechanically stable and simple to shape. 3D printing technologies have been breaking new ground in the medical and medical industries in order to build patient-specific devices embedded in bioactive drugs, cells and proteins. Widespread use in medical 3D printing is a broad range of biomaterials including metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. Continuous work and developments in biomaterials used in 3D printing have contributed to significant growth of 3D printing applications in the production of personalised joints, prostheses, medication delivery system and 3D tissue engineering and regenerative medicine scaffolds. The present analysis focuses on the biomaterials used for therapeutic applications in different 3D printing technologies. Many specific forms of medical 3D printing technology are explored in depth, including fused deposition modelling, extrusion-based bioprinting, inkjet and poly-jet printing processes, their therapeutic uses, various types of biomaterial used today and the major shortcoming , are being studied in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Mishra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, DIT University, Dehradun, India
| | - Vivek Srivastava
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, DIT University, Dehradun, India
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Dillman JR, Trout AT, Alsaied T, Gupta A, Lubert AM. Imaging of Fontan-associated liver disease. Pediatr Radiol 2020; 50:1528-1541. [PMID: 32809067 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-020-04776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Fontan operation has dramatically altered the natural history of functionally single ventricle congenital heart disease. Patients who have undergone the Fontan operation are living longer and, thus, noncardiac morbidity resulting from the Fontan operation is increasingly being recognized. Fontan-associated liver disease (FALD), one of the chief morbidities following the Fontan operation, is believed to be a multifactorial process that manifests as hepatic congestion and fibrosis, portal hypertension, and development of focal liver lesions, including malignant tumors. This article reviews the imaging findings of FALD in the pediatric and young adult population, reviews the literature related to the imaging of FALD and discusses possible screening algorithms for this population. The need for further research to better understand the causes of FALD, to establish if early liver stiffness measurements (or their change over time) predict long-term outcomes and complications, and to define optimal liver screening procedures is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Dillman
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA. .,Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Andrew T Trout
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tarek Alsaied
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Anita Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Adam M Lubert
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Cheng Y, Qiao A, Yang Y, Fan X. Numerical Simulation of Hemodynamics in Two Models for Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection Surgery. Front Physiol 2020; 11:206. [PMID: 32210842 PMCID: PMC7076188 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To numerically compare the prospective hemodynamic outcomes between a new window surgery and a traditional surgery in the treatment of supracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (S-TAPVC). METHODS A 3D geometry model, composed of pulmonary vein (PV) and left atrium (LA), was reconstructed based on summarized data with S-TAPVC. Two surgery models were established based on this model. One is the traditional surgery model, where an elliptical anastomosis was created by incising and stitching the LA and the common vein (CV) along the axis of the CV. The other is the new window surgery model, where the CV was incised with an H-shaped orifice, and LA was incised with a transposed H-shaped orifice, and then the orifice edges were stitched like a window. Two models with a relative cross sectional area (RCSA) of 300 mm2/m2 and 500 mm2/m2 were established, which correspond to traditional surgery and window surgery. Numerical simulation of hemodynamics was carried out. The velocity, left atrium and pulmonary vein pressure, the pressure difference of anastomosis and the energy conversion efficiency were analyzed to evaluate the prospective hemodynamic outcomes of these two operations. RESULTS Window surgery presented a lower blood flow velocity, pressure difference, and the WSS at the anastomosis, compared to traditional surgery. In terms of energy loss, the power conversion efficiency of window surgery was significantly higher than that of traditional surgery, with 66.8% and 53.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION The new window surgery demonstrates a lower pressure difference of anastomosis and higher energy conversion efficiency, which may be a better choice compared with the traditional surgery for S-TAPVC patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeyang Cheng
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Aike Qiao
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Yang
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangming Fan
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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9
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Kung E, Corsini C, Marsden A, Vignon-Clementel I, Pennati G, Figliola R, Hsia TY. Multiscale Modeling of Superior Cavopulmonary Circulation: Hemi-Fontan and Bidirectional Glenn Are Equivalent. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 32:883-892. [PMID: 31520732 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Superior cavopulmonary circulation (SCPC) can be achieved by either the Hemi-Fontan (hF) or Bidirectional Glenn (bG) connection. Debate remains as to which results in best hemodynamic results. Adopting patient-specific multiscale computational modeling, we examined both the local dynamics and global physiology to determine if surgical choice can lead to different hemodynamic outcomes. Six patients (age: 3-6 months) underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and catheterization prior to SCPC surgery. For each patient: (1) a finite 3-dimensional (3D) volume model of the preoperative anatomy was constructed to include detailed definition of the distal branch pulmonary arteries, (2) virtual hF and bG operations were performed to create 2 SCPC 3D models, and (3) a specific lumped network representing each patient's entire cardiovascular circulation was developed from clinical data. Using a previously validated multiscale algorithm that couples the 3D models with lumped network, both local flow dynamics, that is, power loss, and global systemic physiology can be quantified. In 2 patients whose preoperative imaging demonstrated significant left pulmonary artery (LPA) stenosis, we performed virtual pulmonary arterioplasty to assess its effect. In one patient, the hF model showed higher power loss (107%) than the bG, while in 3, the power losses were higher in the bG models (18-35%). In the remaining 2 patients, the power loss differences were minor. Despite these variations, for all patients, there were no significant differences between the hF and bG models in hemodynamic or physiological outcomes, including cardiac output, superior vena cava pressure, right-left pulmonary flow distribution, and systemic oxygen delivery. In the 2 patients with LPA stenosis, arterioplasty led to better LPA flow (5-8%) while halving the power loss, but without important improvements in SVC pressure or cardiac output. Despite power loss differences, both hF and bG result in similar SCPC hemodynamics and physiology outcome. This suggests that for SCPC, the pre-existing patient-specific physiology and condition, such as pulmonary vascular resistance, are more deterministic in the hemodynamic performance than the type of surgical palliation. Multiscale modeling can be a decision-assist tool to assess whether an extensive LPA reconstruction is needed at the time of SCPC for LPA stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Kung
- Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
| | | | | | - Irene Vignon-Clementel
- National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation (INRIA), Paris, France
| | | | | | - Tain-Yen Hsia
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Yale New Haven Children's Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut.
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Lashkarinia SS, Piskin S, Bozkaya TA, Salihoglu E, Yerebakan C, Pekkan K. Computational Pre-surgical Planning of Arterial Patch Reconstruction: Parametric Limits and In Vitro Validation. Ann Biomed Eng 2018; 46:1292-1308. [PMID: 29761422 PMCID: PMC6097742 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-018-2043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Surgical treatment of congenital heart disease (CHD) involves complex vascular reconstructions utilizing artificial and native surgical materials. A successful surgical reconstruction achieves an optimal hemodynamic profile through the graft in spite of the complex post-operative vessel growth pattern and the altered pressure loading. This paper proposes a new in silico patient-specific pre-surgical planning framework for patch reconstruction and investigates its computational feasibility. The proposed protocol is applied to the patch repair of main pulmonary artery (MPA) stenosis in the Tetralogy of Fallot CHD template. The effects of stenosis grade, the three-dimensional (3D) shape of the surgical incision and material properties of the artificial patch are investigated. The release of residual stresses due to the surgical incision and the extra opening of the incision gap for patch implantation are simulated through a quasi-static finite-element vascular model with shell elements. Implantation of different unloaded patch shapes is simulated. The patched PA configuration is pressurized to the physiological post-operative blood pressure levels of 25 and 45 mmHg and the consequent post-operative stress distributions and patched artery shapes are computed. Stress–strain data obtained in-house, through the biaxial tensile tests for the mechanical properties of common surgical patch materials, Dacron, Polytetrafluoroethylene, human pericardium and porcine xenopericardium, are employed to represent the mechanical behavior of the patch material. Finite-element model is experimentally validated through the actual patch surgery reconstructions performed on the 3D printed anatomical stenosis replicas. The post-operative recovery of the initially narrowed lumen area and post-op tortuosity are quantified for all modeled cases. A computational fluid dynamics solver is used to evaluate post-operative pressure drop through the patch-reconstructed outflow tract. According to our findings, the shorter incisions made at the throat result in relatively low local peak stress values compared to other patch design alternatives. Longer cut and double patch cases are the most effective in repairing the initial stenosis level. After the patch insertion, the pressure drop in the artery due to blood flow decreases from 9.8 to 1.35 mmHg in the conventional surgical configuration. These results are in line with the clinical experience where a pressure gradient at or above 50 mmHg through the MPA can be an indication to intervene. The main strength of the proposed pre-surgical planning framework is its capability to predict the intra-operative and post-operative 3D vascular shape changes due to intramural pressure, cut length and configuration, for both artificial and native patch materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Samaneh Lashkarinia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koc University, Rumeli Feneri Kampüsü, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Senol Piskin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koc University, Rumeli Feneri Kampüsü, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Tijen A Bozkaya
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Koc University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ece Salihoglu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Can Yerebakan
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Children's National Heart Institute, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kerem Pekkan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koc University, Rumeli Feneri Kampüsü, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey.
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11
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Si B, Qiao B, Yang G, Zhu M, Zhao F, Wang T, Li N, Ji X, Ding G. Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Additional Pulmonary Blood Flow on Patient-Specific Bilateral Bidirectional Glenn Hemodynamics. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2018; 9:193-201. [PMID: 29359262 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-018-0341-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The effect of additional pulmonary blood flow (APBF) on the hemodynamics of bilateral bidirectional Glenn (BBDG) connection was marginally discussed in previous studies. This study assessed this effect using patient-specific numerical simulation. A 15-year-old female patient who underwent BBDG was enrolled in this study. Patient-specific anatomy, flow waveforms, and pressure tracings were obtained using computed tomography, Doppler ultrasound technology, and catheterization, respectively. Computational fluid dynamic simulations were performed to assess flow field and derived hemodynamic metrics of the BBDG connection with various APBF. APBF showed noticeable effects on the hemodynamics of the BBDG connection. It suppressed flow mixing in the connection, which resulted in a more antegrade flow structure. Also, as the APBF rate increases, both power loss and reflux in superior venae cavae (SVCs) monotonically increases while the flow ratio of the right to the left pulmonary artery (RPA/LPA) monotonically decreases. However, a non-monotonic relationship was observed between the APBF rate and indexed power loss. A high APBF rate may result in a good flow ratio of RPA/LPA but with the side effect of bad power loss and remarkable reflux in SVCs, and vice versa. A moderate APBF rate could be favourable because it leads to an optimal indexed power loss and achieves the acceptable flow ratio of RPA/LPA without causing severe power loss and reflux in SVCs. These findings suggest that patient-specific numerical simulation should be used to assist clinicians in determining an appropriate APBF rate based on desired outcomes on a patient-specific basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Si
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Fudan University, No. 220, Handan Road, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, China.,Institute of Computational Science and Cardiovascular Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Qiao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, China.,Institute of Computational Science and Cardiovascular Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Wuxi Mingci Cardiovascular Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, China
| | - Fengyu Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, China
| | - Tongjian Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, China
| | - Na Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaopeng Ji
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guanghong Ding
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Fudan University, No. 220, Handan Road, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Pająk J, Buczyński M, Stanek P, Zalewski G, Wites M, Szydłowski L, Mazurek B, Tomkiewicz-Pająk L. Preoperative single ventricle function determines early outcome after second-stage palliation of single ventricle heart. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2017; 15:21. [PMID: 28893257 PMCID: PMC5594433 DOI: 10.1186/s12947-017-0114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Second-stage palliation with hemi-Fontan or bidirectional Glenn procedures has improved the outcomes of patients treated for single-ventricle heart disease. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze risk factors for death after second-stage palliation of single-ventricle heart and to compare therapeutic results achieved with the hemi-Fontan and bidirectional Glenn procedures. Material and methods We analyzed 60 patients who had undergone second-stage palliation for single-ventricle heart. Group HF consisted of 23 (38.3%) children who had been operated with the hemi-Fontan method; Group BDG consisted of 37 (61.7%) who had been operated with the bidirectional Glenn method. The analysis focused on 30-day postoperative mortality rates, clinical and echocardiographic data, and early complications. Results The patients’ ages at the time of repair was 33 ± 11.2 weeks; weight was 6.7 ± 1.2 kg. The most common anatomic subtype was hypoplastic left heart syndrome, in 36 (60%) patients. The early mortality rate was 13.3%. Significant preoperative atrioventricular valve regurgitation, single-ventricle heart dysfunction, pneumonia/sepsis, and arrhythmias were associated with higher mortality rates after second-stage palliation. Multivariate analysis identified significant preoperative single-ventricle heart dysfunction as an independent predictor of early death after second-stage palliation. No differences were found in the analyzed variables after bidirectional Glenn compared with hemi-Fontan procedures. Conclusion Significant preoperative atrioventricular valve regurgitation, arrhythmias and pneumonia/sepsis are closely correlated with mortality in patients with single-ventricle heart after second-stage palliation. Preoperative significant single-ventricle heart dysfunction is an independent mortality predictor in this group of patients. There are no differences in clinical, echocardiographic data, or outcomes in patients treated with the hemi-Fontan compared with bidirectional Glenn procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Pająk
- Pediatric Heart Surgery and General Pediatric Surgery Department, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 63A, 02-091, Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Michał Buczyński
- Pediatric Heart Surgery and General Pediatric Surgery Department, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 63A, 02-091, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Piotr Stanek
- Pediatric Heart Surgery Department, The Independent Public Clinical Hospital no. 6 of the Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Zalewski
- Pediatric Heart Surgery Department, The Independent Public Clinical Hospital no. 6 of the Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marek Wites
- Pediatric Heart Surgery Department, The Independent Public Clinical Hospital no. 6 of the Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Lesław Szydłowski
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bogusław Mazurek
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Lidia Tomkiewicz-Pająk
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University, Medical College and John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
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13
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Piskin S, Unal G, Arnaz A, Sarioglu T, Pekkan K. Tetralogy of Fallot Surgical Repair: Shunt Configurations, Ductus Arteriosus and the Circle of Willis. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2017; 8:107-119. [PMID: 28382440 PMCID: PMC5446850 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-017-0302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this study, hemodynamic performance of three novel shunt configurations that are considered for the surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) disease are investigated in detail. Clinical experience suggests that the shunt location, connecting angle, and its diameter can influence the post-operative physiology and the neurodevelopment of the neonatal patient. An experimentally validated second order computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver and a parametric neonatal diseased great artery model that incorporates the ductus arteriosus (DA) and the full patient-specific circle of Willis (CoW) are employed. Standard truncated resistance CFD boundary conditions are compared with the full cerebral arterial system, which resulted 21, -13, and 37% difference in flow rate at the brachiocephalic, left carotid, and subclavian arteries, respectively. Flow splits at the aortic arch and cerebral arteries are calculated and found to change with shunt configuration significantly for TOF disease. The central direct shunt (direct shunt) has pulmonary flow 5% higher than central oblique shunt (oblique shunt) and 23% higher than modified Blalock Taussig shunt (RPA shunt) while the DA is closed. Maximum wall shear stress (WSS) in the direct shunt configuration is 9 and 60% higher than that of the oblique and RPA shunts, respectively. Patent DA, significantly eliminated the pulmonary flow control function of the shunt repair. These results suggests that, due to the higher flow rates at the pulmonary arteries, the direct shunt, rather than the central oblique, or right pulmonary artery shunts could be preferred by the surgeon. This extended model introduced new hemodynamic performance indices for the cerebral circulation that can correlate with the post-operative neurodevelopment quality of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senol Piskin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Rumeli Feneri Kampüsü, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gozde Unal
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabancı University, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Arnaz
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Acıbadem Bakırköy Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tayyar Sarioglu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Acıbadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kerem Pekkan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Rumeli Feneri Kampüsü, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey.
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14
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Piskin S, Altin HF, Yildiz O, Bakir I, Pekkan K. Hemodynamics of patient-specific aorta-pulmonary shunt configurations. J Biomech 2016; 50:166-171. [PMID: 27866675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Optimal hemodynamics in aorta-pulmonary shunt reconstruction is essential for improved post-operative recovery of the newborn congenital heart disease patient. However, prior to in vivo execution, the prediction of post-operative hemodynamics is extremely challenging due to the interplay of multiple confounding physiological factors. It is hypothesized that the post-operative performance of the surgical shunt can be predicted through computational blood flow simulations that consider patient size, shunt configuration, cardiac output and the complex three-dimensional disease anatomy. Utilizing only the routine patient-specific pre-surgery clinical data sets, we demonstrated an intelligent decision-making process for a real patient having pulmonary artery atresia and ventricular septal defect. For this patient, a total of 12 customized candidate shunt configurations are contemplated and reconstructed virtually using a sketch-based computer-aided anatomical editing tool. Candidate shunt configurations are evaluated based on the parameters that are computed from the flow simulations, which include 3D flow complexity, outlet flow splits, shunt patency, coronary perfusion and energy loss. Our results showed that the modified Blalock-Taussig (mBT) shunt has 12% higher right pulmonary artery (RPA) and 40% lower left pulmonary artery (LPA) flow compared to the central shunt configuration. Also, the RPA flow regime is distinct from the LPA, creating an uneven flow split at the pulmonary arteries. For all three shunt sizes, right mBT innominate and central configurations cause higher pulmonary artery (PA) flow and lower coronary artery pressure than right and left mBT subclavian configurations. While there is a trade-off between energy loss, flow split and coronary artery pressure, overall, the mBT shunts provide sufficient PA perfusion with higher coronary artery pressures and could be preferred for similar patients having PA overflow risk. Central shunts would be preferred otherwise particularly for cases with very low PA overflow risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senol Piskin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - H Firat Altin
- Istanbul Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training & Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Okan Yildiz
- Istanbul Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training & Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ihsan Bakir
- Istanbul Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training & Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kerem Pekkan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA.
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15
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Nair P, Chong BW, Indahlastari A, Lindsay J, DeJeu D, Parthasarathy V, Ryan J, Babiker H, Workman C, Gonzalez LF, Frakes D. Hemodynamic characterization of geometric cerebral aneurysm templates. J Biomech 2015; 49:2118-2126. [PMID: 26654674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hemodynamics are currently considered to a lesser degree than geometry in clinical practices for evaluating cerebral aneurysm (CA) risk and planning CA treatment. This study establishes fundamental relationships between three clinically recognized CA geometric factors and four clinically relevant hemodynamic responses. The goal of the study is to develop a more combined geometric/hemodynamic basis for informing clinical decisions. Flows within eight idealized template geometries were simulated using computational fluid dynamics and measured using particle image velocimetry under both steady and pulsatile flow conditions. The geometric factor main effects were then analyzed to quantify contributions made by the geometric factors (aneurysmal dome size (DS), dome-to-neck ratio (DNR), and parent-vessel contact angle (PV-CA)) to effects on the hemodynamic responses (aneurysmal and neck-plane root-mean-square velocity magnitude (Vrms), aneurysmal wall shear stress (WSS), and cross-neck flow (CNF)). Two anatomical aneurysm models were also examined to investigate how well the idealized findings would translate to more realistic CA geometries. DNR made the greatest contributions to effects on hemodynamics including a 75.05% contribution to aneurysmal Vrms and greater than 35% contributions to all responses. DS made the next greatest contributions, including a 43.94% contribution to CNF and greater than 20% contributions to all responses. PV-CA and several factor interactions also made contributions of greater than 10%. The anatomical aneurysm models and the most similar idealized templates demonstrated consistent hemodynamic response patterns. This study demonstrates how individual geometric factors, and combinations thereof, influence CA hemodynamics. Bridging the gap between geometry and flow in this quantitative yet practical way may have potential to improve CA evaluation and treatment criteria. Agreement among results from idealized and anatomical models further supports the potential for a template-based approach to play a useful role in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Nair
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.
| | - Brian W Chong
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States; Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Aprinda Indahlastari
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - James Lindsay
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - David DeJeu
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Varsha Parthasarathy
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Justin Ryan
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | | | - Christopher Workman
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - L Fernando Gonzalez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - David Frakes
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States; School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
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16
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Ibrahim AMS, Jose RR, Rabie AN, Gerstle TL, Lee BT, Lin SJ. Three-dimensional Printing in Developing Countries. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2015; 3:e443. [PMID: 26301132 PMCID: PMC4527617 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The advent of 3-dimensional (3D) printing technology has facilitated the creation of customized objects. The lack of regulation in developing countries renders conventional means of addressing various healthcare issues challenging. 3D printing may provide a venue for addressing many of these concerns in an inexpensive and easily accessible fashion. These may potentially include the production of basic medical supplies, vaccination beads, laboratory equipment, and prosthetic limbs. As this technology continues to improve and prices are reduced, 3D printing has the potential ability to promote initiatives across the entire developing world, resulting in improved surgical care and providing a higher quality of healthcare to its residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. S. Ibrahim
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Mass.; and Department of Otolaryngology, Ain Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rod R. Jose
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Mass.; and Department of Otolaryngology, Ain Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr N. Rabie
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Mass.; and Department of Otolaryngology, Ain Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Theodore L. Gerstle
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Mass.; and Department of Otolaryngology, Ain Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bernard T. Lee
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Mass.; and Department of Otolaryngology, Ain Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samuel J. Lin
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Mass.; and Department of Otolaryngology, Ain Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
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17
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Meoli A, Cutrì E, Krishnamurthy A, Dubini G, Migliavacca F, Hsia TY, Pennati G, Taylor A, Giardini A, Khambadkone S, Schievano S, de Leval M, Hsia TY, Bove E, Dorfman A, Baker GH, Hlavacek A, Migliavacca F, Pennati G, Dubini G, Marsden A, Feinstein J, Vignon-Clementel I, Figliola R, McGregor J. A multiscale model for the study of cardiac biomechanics in single-ventricle surgeries: a clinical case. Interface Focus 2015; 5:20140079. [PMID: 25844151 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2014.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex congenital heart disease characterized by the underdevelopment of one ventricular chamber (single ventricle (SV) circulation) is normally treated with a three-stage surgical repair. This study aims at developing a multiscale computational framework able to couple a patient-specific three-dimensional finite-element model of the SV to a patient-specific lumped parameter (LP) model of the whole circulation, in a closed-loop fashion. A sequential approach was carried out: (i) cardiocirculatory parameters were estimated by using a fully LP model; (ii) ventricular material parameters and unloaded geometry were identified by means of the stand-alone, three-dimensional model of the SV; and (iii) the three-dimensional model of SV was coupled to the LP model of the circulation, thus closing the loop and creating a multiscale model. Once the patient-specific multiscale model was set using pre-operative clinical data, the virtual surgery was performed, and the post-operative conditions were simulated. This approach allows the analysis of local information on ventricular function as well as global parameters of the cardiovascular system. This methodology is generally applicable to patients suffering from SV disease for surgical planning at different stages of treatment. As an example, a clinical case from stage 1 to stage 2 is considered here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Meoli
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Department 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan , Italy
| | - Elena Cutrì
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Department 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan , Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Dubini
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Department 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan , Italy
| | - Francesco Migliavacca
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Department 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan , Italy
| | - Tain-Yen Hsia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery , Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust , London WC1N 3JH , UK
| | - Giancarlo Pennati
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Department 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan , Italy
| | | | - Andrew Taylor
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Department 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan , Italy
| | - Alessandro Giardini
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Department 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan , Italy
| | - Sachin Khambadkone
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Department 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan , Italy
| | - Silvia Schievano
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Department 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan , Italy
| | - Marc de Leval
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Department 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan , Italy
| | - T-Y Hsia
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Department 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan , Italy
| | - Edward Bove
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Department 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan , Italy
| | - Adam Dorfman
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Department 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan , Italy
| | - G Hamilton Baker
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Department 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan , Italy
| | - Anthony Hlavacek
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Department 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan , Italy
| | - Francesco Migliavacca
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Department 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan , Italy
| | - Giancarlo Pennati
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Department 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan , Italy
| | - Gabriele Dubini
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Department 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan , Italy
| | - Alison Marsden
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Department 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan , Italy
| | - Jeffrey Feinstein
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Department 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan , Italy
| | - Irene Vignon-Clementel
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Department 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan , Italy
| | - Richard Figliola
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Department 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan , Italy
| | - John McGregor
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Department 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan , Italy
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ZHAO XI, LIU YOUJUN, DING JINLI, BAI FAN, REN XIAOCHEN, MA LIANCAI, XIE JINSHENG, ZHANG HAO. NUMERICAL STUDY OF BIDIRECTIONAL GLENN WITH UNILATERAL PULMONARY ARTERY STENOSIS. J MECH MED BIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519414500560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a congenital heart disease and is usually associated with pulmonary artery stenosis. The superior vena cava-to-pulmonary artery (bidirectional Glenn) shunt is used primarily as a staging procedure to the total cava-to-pulmonary connection for single-ventricle complex. When HLHS coexists with pulmonary artery stenosis, the surgeons then face a multiple problem. This leads to high demand of optimized structure of Glenn surgery. The objective of this article is to investigate the influence of various anastomotic structures and the direction of superior vena cava (SVC) in Glenn on hemodynamics under pulse inflow conditions and try to find an optimal structure of SVC in Glenn surgery with unilateral pulmonary artery stenosis.Method: First, 3D patient-specific models were constructed from medical images of a HLHS patient before any surgery by using the commercial software Mimics, and another software Free-form was used to deform the reconstructed models in the computer. Four 3D patient-specific Glenn models were constructed: model-1 (normal Glenn), model-2 (lean the SVC back to the stenotic pulmonary artery), model-3 (lean the SVC towards the stenotic pulmonary artery), model-4 (add patch at junction of the SVC toward stenosis at pulmonary artery). Second, a lumped parameter model (LPM) was established to predict boundary conditions for computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In addition, numerical simulations were conducted using CFD through the finite volume method. Finally, hemodynamic parameters were obtained and evaluated.Results: It was showed that model-4 have relatively balanced vena cava blood perfusion into the left pulmonary artery (LPA) and right pulmonary artery (RPA), this may be due to less helical flow and the patch at junction of the SVC. Near stenosis of pulmonary artery, model-4 performed with the higher wall shear stress (WSS), which would benefit endothelial cell function and gene expression. In addition, results showed that model-4 performed with the lower oscillatory shear index (OSI) and wall shear stress gradient (WSSG), which would decrease the opportunity of vascular intimal hyperplasia.Conclusion: It is benefited that surgeons adds patch at junction of the SVC towards stenosis at pulmonary artery. These results can impact the surgical design and planning of the Glenn surgery with unilateral pulmonary artery stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- XI ZHAO
- College of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No. 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, P. R. China 100124, P. R. China
| | - YOUJUN LIU
- College of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No. 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, P. R. China 100124, P. R. China
| | - JINLI DING
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University 100069, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
| | - FAN BAI
- College of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No. 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, P. R. China 100124, P. R. China
| | - XIAOCHEN REN
- College of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No. 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, P. R. China 100124, P. R. China
| | - LIANCAI MA
- College of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No. 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, P. R. China 100124, P. R. China
| | - JINSHENG XIE
- Beijing An Zhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, No. 2 Anzhen Road Chaoyang District, Beijing, P. R. China 100029, P. R. China
| | - HAO ZHANG
- Beijing Fuwai Hospital CAMS&PUMC, No. 167 Beilishi Road Xicheng District, Beijing, P. R. China 100037, P. R. China
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19
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Guibert R, McLeod K, Caiazzo A, Mansi T, Fernández MA, Sermesant M, Pennec X, Vignon-Clementel IE, Boudjemline Y, Gerbeau JF. Group-wise construction of reduced models for understanding and characterization of pulmonary blood flows from medical images. Med Image Anal 2014; 18:63-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Marsden AL. Simulation based planning of surgical interventions in pediatric cardiology. PHYSICS OF FLUIDS (WOODBURY, N.Y. : 1994) 2013; 25:101303. [PMID: 24255590 PMCID: PMC3820639 DOI: 10.1063/1.4825031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Hemodynamics plays an essential role in the progression and treatment of cardiovascular disease. However, while medical imaging provides increasingly detailed anatomical information, clinicians often have limited access to hemodynamic data that may be crucial to patient risk assessment and treatment planning. Computational simulations can now provide detailed hemodynamic data to augment clinical knowledge in both adult and pediatric applications. There is a particular need for simulation tools in pediatric cardiology, due to the wide variation in anatomy and physiology in congenital heart disease patients, necessitating individualized treatment plans. Despite great strides in medical imaging, enabling extraction of flow information from magnetic resonance and ultrasound imaging, simulations offer predictive capabilities that imaging alone cannot provide. Patient specific simulations can be used for in silico testing of new surgical designs, treatment planning, device testing, and patient risk stratification. Furthermore, simulations can be performed at no direct risk to the patient. In this paper, we outline the current state of the art in methods for cardiovascular blood flow simulation and virtual surgery. We then step through pressing challenges in the field, including multiscale modeling, boundary condition selection, optimization, and uncertainty quantification. Finally, we summarize simulation results of two representative examples from pediatric cardiology: single ventricle physiology, and coronary aneurysms caused by Kawasaki disease. These examples illustrate the potential impact of computational modeling tools in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Marsden
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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21
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Hong H, Dur O, Zhang H, Zhu Z, Pekkan K, Liu J. Fontan conversion templates: patient-specific hemodynamic performance of the lateral tunnel versus the intraatrial conduit with fenestration. Pediatr Cardiol 2013; 34:1447-54. [PMID: 23475255 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-013-0669-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Intraatrial-conduit Fontan is considered a modification of both extracardiac and lateral-tunnel Fontan. In this study, the patient-specific hemodynamic performance of intraatrial-conduit and lateral-tunnel Fontan with fenestration, considered as conversion templates, was investigated based on the authors' patient cohort. Pulsatile computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed using patient-specific models of intraatrial-conduit and lateral-tunnel Fontan patients. Real-time "simultaneous" inferior and superior vena cava, pulmonary artery, and fenestration flow waveforms were acquired from ultrasound. Multiple hemodynamic performance indices were investigated, with particular focus on evaluation of the pulsatile flow performance. Power loss inside the lateral-tunnel Fontan appeared to be significantly higher than with the intraatrial-conduit Fontan for patient-specific cardiac output and normalized connection size. Inclusion of the 4-mm fenestration at a 0.24 L/min mean flow resulted in a lower cavopulmonary pressure gradient and less time-averaged power loss for both Fontan connections. Flow structures within the intraatrial conduit were notability more uniform than within the lateral tunnel. Hepatic flow majorly favored the left lung in both surgical connections: conversion from lateral-tunnel to intraatrial-conduit Fontan resulted in better hemodynamics with less power loss, a lower pressure gradient, and fewer stagnant flow zones along the conduit. This patient-specific computational case study demonstrated superior hemodynamics of intraatrial-conduit Fontan over those of lateral-tunnel Fontan with or without fenestration and improved performance after conversion of the lateral tunnel to the intraatrial conduit. The geometry-specific effect of the nonuniform hepatic flow distribution may motivate new rationales for the surgical design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa Hong
- The Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Medical School Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
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22
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Kheyfets VO, O'Dell W, Smith T, Reilly JJ, Finol EA. Considerations for numerical modeling of the pulmonary circulation--a review with a focus on pulmonary hypertension. J Biomech Eng 2013; 135:61011-15. [PMID: 23699723 PMCID: PMC3705788 DOI: 10.1115/1.4024141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Both in academic research and in clinical settings, virtual simulation of the cardiovascular system can be used to rapidly assess complex multivariable interactions between blood vessels, blood flow, and the heart. Moreover, metrics that can only be predicted with computational simulations (e.g., mechanical wall stress, oscillatory shear index, etc.) can be used to assess disease progression, for presurgical planning, and for interventional outcomes. Because the pulmonary vasculature is susceptible to a wide range of pathologies that directly impact and are affected by the hemodynamics (e.g., pulmonary hypertension), the ability to develop numerical models of pulmonary blood flow can be invaluable to the clinical scientist. Pulmonary hypertension is a devastating disease that can directly benefit from computational hemodynamics when used for diagnosis and basic research. In the present work, we provide a clinical overview of pulmonary hypertension with a focus on the hemodynamics, current treatments, and their limitations. Even with a rich history in computational modeling of the human circulation, hemodynamics in the pulmonary vasculature remains largely unexplored. Thus, we review the tasks involved in developing a computational model of pulmonary blood flow, namely vasculature reconstruction, meshing, and boundary conditions. We also address how inconsistencies between models can result in drastically different flow solutions and suggest avenues for future research opportunities. In its current state, the interpretation of this modeling technology can be subjective in a research environment and impractical for clinical practice. Therefore, considerations must be taken into account to make modeling reliable and reproducible in a laboratory setting and amenable to the vascular clinic. Finally, we discuss relevant existing models and how they have been used to gain insight into cardiopulmonary physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. O. Kheyfets
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,The University of Texas at San Antonio,AET 1.360, One UTSA Circle,San Antonio, TX 78249
| | - W. O'Dell
- Department of Radiation Oncology,University of Florida,Shands Cancer Center,P.O. Box 100385,2033 Mowry Road,Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - T. Smith
- Western Allegheny Health System,Allegheny General Hospital,Gerald McGinnis Cardiovascular Institute,320 East North Avenue,Pittsburgh, PA 15212
| | - J. J. Reilly
- Department of Medicine,The University of Pittsburgh,1218 Scaife Hall,3550 Terrace Street,Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - E. A. Finol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,The University of Texas at San Antonio,AET 1.360, One UTSA Circle,San Antonio, TX 78249e-mail:
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Corsini C, Baker C, Kung E, Schievano S, Arbia G, Baretta A, Biglino G, Migliavacca F, Dubini G, Pennati G, Marsden A, Vignon-Clementel I, Taylor A, Hsia TY, Dorfman A. An integrated approach to patient-specific predictive modeling for single ventricle heart palliation. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2013; 17:1572-89. [PMID: 23343002 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2012.758254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In patients with congenital heart disease and a single ventricle (SV), ventricular support of the circulation is inadequate, and staged palliative surgery (usually 3 stages) is needed for treatment. In the various palliative surgical stages individual differences in the circulation are important and patient-specific surgical planning is ideal. In this study, an integrated approach between clinicians and engineers has been developed, based on patient-specific multi-scale models, and is here applied to predict stage 2 surgical outcomes. This approach involves four distinct steps: (1) collection of pre-operative clinical data from a patient presenting for SV palliation, (2) construction of the pre-operative model, (3) creation of feasible virtual surgical options which couple a three-dimensional model of the surgical anatomy with a lumped parameter model (LPM) of the remainder of the circulation and (4) performance of post-operative simulations to aid clinical decision making. The pre-operative model is described, agreeing well with clinical flow tracings and mean pressures. Two surgical options (bi-directional Glenn and hemi-Fontan operations) are virtually performed and coupled to the pre-operative LPM, with the hemodynamics of both options reported. Results are validated against postoperative clinical data. Ultimately, this work represents the first patient-specific predictive modeling of stage 2 palliation using virtual surgery and closed-loop multi-scale modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Corsini
- a Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Department of Structural Engineering , Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci , 32, 20133, Milano , Italy
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24
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Kung E, Baretta A, Baker C, Arbia G, Biglino G, Corsini C, Schievano S, Vignon-Clementel IE, Dubini G, Pennati G, Taylor A, Dorfman A, Hlavacek AM, Marsden AL, Hsia TY, Migliavacca F. Predictive modeling of the virtual Hemi-Fontan operation for second stage single ventricle palliation: two patient-specific cases. J Biomech 2013; 46:423-9. [PMID: 23174419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Single ventricle hearts are congenital cardiovascular defects in which the heart has only one functional pumping chamber. The treatment for these conditions typically requires a three-staged operative process where Stage 1 is typically achieved by a shunt between the systemic and pulmonary arteries, and Stage 2 by connecting the superior venous return to the pulmonary circulation. Surgically, the Stage 2 circulation can be achieved through a procedure called the Hemi-Fontan, which reconstructs the right atrium and pulmonary artery to allow for an enlarged confluence with the superior vena cava. Based on pre-operative data obtained from two patients prior to Stage 2 surgery, we developed two patient-specific multi-scale computational models, each including the 3D geometrical model of the surgical junction constructed from magnetic resonance imaging, and a closed-loop systemic lumped-parameter network derived from clinical measurements. "Virtual" Hemi-Fontan surgery was performed on the 3D model with guidance from clinical surgeons, and a corresponding multi-scale simulation predicts the patient's post-operative hemodynamic and physiologic conditions. For each patient, a post-operative active scenario with an increase in the heart rate (HR) and a decrease in the pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance (PVR and SVR) was also performed. Results between the baseline and this "active" state were compared to evaluate the hemodynamic and physiologic implications of changing conditions. Simulation results revealed a characteristic swirling vortex in the Hemi-Fontan in both patients, with flow hugging the wall along the SVC to Hemi-Fontan confluence. One patient model had higher levels of swirling, recirculation, and flow stagnation. However, in both models, the power loss within the surgical junction was less than 13% of the total power loss in the pulmonary circulation, and less than 2% of the total ventricular power. This implies little impact of the surgical junction geometry on the SVC pressure, cardiac output, and other systemic parameters. In contrast, varying HR, PVR, and SVR led to significant changes in theses clinically relevant global parameters. Adopting a work-flow of customized virtual planning of the Hemi-Fontan procedure with patient-specific data, this study demonstrates the ability of multi-scale modeling to reproduce patient specific flow conditions under differing physiological states. Results demonstrate that the same operation performed in two different patients can lead to different hemodynamic characteristics, and that modeling can be used to uncover physiologic changes associated with different clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Kung
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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25
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Troianowski G, Taylor CA, Feinstein JA, Vignon-Clementel IE. Three-dimensional simulations in Glenn patients: clinically based boundary conditions, hemodynamic results and sensitivity to input data. J Biomech Eng 2012; 133:111006. [PMID: 22168738 DOI: 10.1115/1.4005377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
While many congenital heart defects can be treated without significant long term sequelae, some achieve successful palliation as their definitive endpoints. The single-ventricle defect is one such defect and leaves the child with only one operational ventricle, requiring the systemic and the pulmonary circulations to be placed in series through several operations performed during early childhood. Numerical simulations may be used to investigate these hemodynamic conditions and their relation to post-operative sequelae; however, they rely heavily on boundary condition prescription. In this study, we investigate the impact of hemodynamic input data uncertainties on simulation results. Imaged-based patient-specific models of the multi-branched pulmonary arteries and superior vena cava were built for five cavopulmonary connection (i.e. Glenn) patients. Magnetic resonance imaging and catheterization data were acquired for each patient prior to their Fontan surgery. Inflow and outflow boundary conditions were constructed to match available clinical data and resulted in the development of a framework to incorporate these types of clinical data into patient-specific simulations. Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations were run and hemodynamic indicators were computed. Power loss was low (and efficiency very high) and a linear correlation was found between power loss and cardiac index among the five patients. Other indicators such as low wall shear stress were considered to better characterize these patients. Flow was complex and oscillatory near the anastomosis, and laminar in the smaller branches. While common trends were seen among patients, results showed differences among patients, especially in the 3D maps, strengthening the importance of patient-specific simulations. A sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the impact of input data (clinical and modeling) to construct boundary conditions on several indicators. Overall, the sensitivity of the output indicators to the input data was small but non-negligible. The sensitivity of commonly used hemodynamic indicators to compare patients is discussed in this context. Power efficiency was much more sensitive to pressure variation than power loss. To increase the precision of such indicators, mean flow split between right and left lungs needs to be measured with more accuracy with higher priority than refining the model of how the flow is distributed on average among the smaller branches. Although ± 10% flow split imprecision seemed reasonable in terms of patient comparison, this study suggests that the common practice of imposing a right pulmonary artery/left pulmonary artery flow split of 55%/45% when performing patient specific simulations should be avoided. This study constitutes a first step towards understanding the hemodynamic differences between pre- and post Fontan surgery, predicting these differences, and evaluating surgical outcomes based on preoperative data.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Troianowski
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - C. A. Taylor
- Bioengineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; Surgery Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - J. A. Feinstein
- Bioengineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; Pediatrics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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Lara M, Chen CY, Mannor P, Dur O, Menon PG, Yoganathan AP, Pekkan K. Hemodynamics of the Hepatic Venous Three-Vessel Confluences Using Particle Image Velocimetry. Ann Biomed Eng 2011; 39:2398-416. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-011-0326-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Pennati G, Corsini C, Cosentino D, Hsia TY, Luisi VS, Dubini G, Migliavacca F. Boundary conditions of patient-specific fluid dynamics modelling of cavopulmonary connections: possible adaptation of pulmonary resistances results in a critical issue for a virtual surgical planning. Interface Focus 2011; 1:297-307. [PMID: 22670201 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2010.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cavopulmonary connections are surgical procedures used to treat a variety of complex congenital cardiac defects. Virtual pre-operative planning based on in silico patient-specific modelling might become a powerful tool in the surgical decision-making process. For this purpose, three-dimensional models can be easily developed from medical imaging data to investigate individual haemodynamics. However, the definition of patient-specific boundary conditions is still a crucial issue. The present study describes an approach to evaluate the vascular impedance of the right and left lungs on the basis of pre-operative clinical data and numerical simulations. Computational fluid dynamics techniques are applied to a patient with a bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis, who later underwent a total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC). Multi-scale models describing the surgical region and the lungs are adopted, while the flow rates measured in the venae cavae are used at the model inlets. Pre-operative and post-operative conditions are investigated; namely, TCPC haemodynamics, which are predicted using patient-specific pre-operative boundary conditions, indicates that the pre-operative balanced lung resistances are not compatible with the TCPC measured flows, suggesting that the pulmonary vascular impedances changed individually after the surgery. These modifications might be the consequence of adaptation to the altered pulmonary blood flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Pennati
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Structural Engineering Department , Politecnico di Milano , Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan , Italy
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28
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Dur O, Coskun ST, Coskun KO, Frakes D, Kara LB, Pekkan K. Computer-Aided Patient-Specific Coronary Artery Graft Design Improvements Using CFD Coupled Shape Optimizer. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2011; 2:35-47. [PMID: 22448203 PMCID: PMC3291828 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-010-0029-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to (i) demonstrate the efficacy of a new surgical planning framework for complex cardiovascular reconstructions, (ii) develop a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) coupled multi-dimensional shape optimization method to aid patient-specific coronary artery by-pass graft (CABG) design and, (iii) compare the hemodynamic efficiency of the sequential CABG, i.e., raising a daughter parallel branch from the parent CABG in patient-specific 3D settings. Hemodynamic efficiency of patient-specific complete revascularization scenarios for right coronary artery (RCA), left anterior descending artery (LAD), and left circumflex artery (LCX) bypasses were investigated in comparison to the stenosis condition. Multivariate 2D constraint optimization was applied on the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) graft, which was parameterized based on actual surgical settings extracted from 2D CT slices. The objective function was set to minimize the local variation of wall shear stress (WSS) and other hemodynamic indices (energy dissipation, flow deviation angle, average WSS, and vorticity) that correlate with performance of the graft and risk of re-stenosis at the anastomosis zone. Once the optimized 2D graft shape was obtained, it was translated to 3D using an in-house "sketch-based" interactive anatomical editing tool. The final graft design was evaluated using an experimentally validated second-order non-Newtonian CFD solver incorporating resistance based outlet boundary conditions. 3D patient-specific simulations for the healthy coronary anatomy produced realistic coronary flows. All revascularization techniques restored coronary perfusions to the healthy baseline. Multi-scale evaluation of the optimized LIMA graft enabled significant wall shear stress gradient (WSSG) relief (~34%). In comparison to original LIMA graft, sequential graft also lowered the WSSG by 15% proximal to LAD and diagonal bifurcation. The proposed sketch-based surgical planning paradigm evaluated the selected coronary bypass surgery procedures based on acute hemodynamic readjustments of aorta-CA flow. This methodology may provide a rational to aid surgical decision making in time-critical, patient-specific CA bypass operations before in vivo execution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Dur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 700 Technology Dr., Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
| | - Sinan Tolga Coskun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Horst Schmidt Kliniken, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Kasim Oguz Coskun
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - David Frakes
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ USA
| | - Levent Burak Kara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Kerem Pekkan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 700 Technology Dr., Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA USA
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29
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Vignon-Clementel IE, Marsden AL, Feinstein JA. A primer on computational simulation in congenital heart disease for the clinician. PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Rengier F, Mehndiratta A, von Tengg-Kobligk H, Zechmann CM, Unterhinninghofen R, Kauczor HU, Giesel FL. 3D printing based on imaging data: review of medical applications. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2010; 5:335-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s11548-010-0476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1066] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Dasi LP, Sundareswaran KS, Sherwin C, de Zelicourt D, Kanter K, Fogel MA, Yoganathan AP. Larger aortic reconstruction corresponds to diminished left pulmonary artery size in patients with single-ventricle physiology. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009; 139:557-61. [PMID: 19880146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2009] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary artery size is a crucial determinant of hemodynamic energy loss in total cavopulmonary connections. We investigated the effect of aortic arch reconstruction on left pulmonary artery size based on their anatomic proximity. METHODS Thirty-two patients undergoing the Fontan operation, 16 with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and 16 with non-hypoplastic left heart syndrome, were selected from the multicenter Fontan magnetic resonance imaging database at the Georgia Institute of Technology. The 16 datasets were consecutive with full anatomic reconstructions of the total cavopulmonary connection and aortic arch with no artifacts. The size of the aorta along the transverse arch and left pulmonary artery size in the region below the aortic arch was quantified by using a previously validated skeletonization technique. RESULTS The transverse aortic and left pulmonary artery measurements (median, maximum, and minimum, respectively) for non-hypoplastic left heart syndrome were 2.2, 3.1, and 1.5 cm/m and 1.2, 1.6, and 0.2 cm/m, respectively, compared with 2.5, 4.1, and 2.0 cm/m and 0.9, 1.5, and 0.4 cm/m for patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Thus the transverse aortic diameter of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome was, on average, 24% greater than that for patients with non-hypoplastic left heart syndrome (P < .05), whereas the left pulmonary artery diameter of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome was smaller than that of patients with non-hypoplastic left heart syndrome (P < .05). Regression analysis showed a significant negative correlation (P < .05) between aortic and left pulmonary artery diameters in both the hypoplastic left heart syndrome and non-hypoplastic left heart syndrome groups. However, when the study population was regrouped into reconstructed aorta and nonreconstructed aorta groups, the negative correlation was only significant for patients with reconstructed aortas, regardless of ventricular pathology (P < .02). CONCLUSIONS Stage 1 aortic reconstruction procedures that result in a large aorta limit left pulmonary artery size in patients undergoing the Fontan operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi P Dasi
- Wallace H. Coulter School of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0535, USA
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Pekkan K, Whited B, Kanter K, Sharma S, de Zelicourt D, Sundareswaran K, Frakes D, Rossignac J, Yoganathan AP. Patient-specific surgical planning and hemodynamic computational fluid dynamics optimization through free-form haptic anatomy editing tool (SURGEM). Med Biol Eng Comput 2008; 46:1139-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-008-0377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2007] [Accepted: 07/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pekkan K, Dasi LP, Nourparvar P, Yerneni S, Tobita K, Fogel MA, Keller B, Yoganathan A. In vitro hemodynamic investigation of the embryonic aortic arch at late gestation. J Biomech 2008; 41:1697-706. [PMID: 18466908 PMCID: PMC3805112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Revised: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on the dynamic flow through the fetal aortic arch driven by the concurrent action of right and left ventricles. We created a parametric pulsatile computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the fetal aortic junction with physiologic vessel geometries. To gain a better biophysical understanding, an in vitro experimental fetal flow loop for flow visualization was constructed for identical CFD conditions. CFD and in vitro experimental results were comparable. Swirling flow during the acceleration phase of the cardiac cycle and unidirectional flow following mid-deceleration phase were observed in pulmonary arteries (PA), head-neck vessels, and descending aorta. Right-to-left (oxygenated) blood flowed through the ductus arteriosus (DA) posterior relative to the antegrade left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) stream and resembled jet flow. LVOT and right ventricular outflow tract flow mixing had not completed until approximately 3.5 descending aorta diameters downstream of the DA insertion into the aortic arch. Normal arch model flow patterns were then compared to flow patterns of four common congenital heart malformations that include aortic arch anomalies. Weak oscillatory reversing flow through the DA junction was observed only for the Tetralogy of Fallot configuration. PA and hypoplastic left heart syndrome configurations demonstrated complex, abnormal flow patterns in the PAs and head-neck vessels. Aortic coarctation resulted in large-scale recirculating flow in the aortic arch proximal to the DA. Intravascular flow patterns spatially correlated with abnormal vascular structures consistent with the paradigm that abnormal intravascular flow patterns associated with congenital heart disease influence vascular growth and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Pekkan
- Department of Biomedical and Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, PA, USA.
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