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Nwokoye PN, Abilez OJ. Bioengineering methods for vascularizing organoids. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024:100779. [PMID: 38759654 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Organoids, self-organizing three-dimensional (3D) structures derived from stem cells, offer unique advantages for studying organ development, modeling diseases, and screening potential therapeutics. However, their translational potential and ability to mimic complex in vivo functions are often hindered by the lack of an integrated vascular network. To address this critical limitation, bioengineering strategies are rapidly advancing to enable efficient vascularization of organoids. These methods encompass co-culturing organoids with various vascular cell types, co-culturing lineage-specific organoids with vascular organoids, co-differentiating stem cells into organ-specific and vascular lineages, using organoid-on-a-chip technology to integrate perfusable vasculature within organoids, and using 3D bioprinting to also create perfusable organoids. This review explores the field of organoid vascularization, examining the biological principles that inform bioengineering approaches. Additionally, this review envisions how the converging disciplines of stem cell biology, biomaterials, and advanced fabrication technologies will propel the creation of increasingly sophisticated organoid models, ultimately accelerating biomedical discoveries and innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N Nwokoye
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Oscar J Abilez
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Pediatric CT Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Maternal and Child Health Research Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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2
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Cao L, Meng X, Zhang Z, Liu Z, He Y. Macrophage heterogeneity and its interactions with stromal cells in tumour microenvironment. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:16. [PMID: 38303024 PMCID: PMC10832170 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01201-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages and tumour stroma cells account for the main cellular components in the tumour microenvironment (TME). Current advancements in single-cell analysis have revolutionized our understanding of macrophage diversity and macrophage-stroma interactions. Accordingly, this review describes new insight into tumour-associated macrophage (TAM) heterogeneity in terms of tumour type, phenotype, metabolism, and spatial distribution and presents the association between these factors and TAM functional states. Meanwhile, we focus on the immunomodulatory feature of TAMs and highlight the tumour-promoting effect of macrophage-tumour stroma interactions in the immunosuppressive TME. Finally, we summarize recent studies investigating macrophage-targeted therapy and discuss their therapeutic potential in improving immunotherapy by alleviating immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liren Cao
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiaoyan Meng
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Zhonglong Liu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Yue He
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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3
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Sansonetti M, Al Soodi B, Thum T, Jung M. Macrophage-based therapeutic approaches for cardiovascular diseases. Basic Res Cardiol 2024; 119:1-33. [PMID: 38170281 PMCID: PMC10837257 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite the advances in treatment options, cardiovascular disease (CVDs) remains the leading cause of death over the world. Chronic inflammatory response and irreversible fibrosis are the main underlying pathophysiological causes of progression of CVDs. In recent decades, cardiac macrophages have been recognized as main regulatory players in the development of these complex pathophysiological conditions. Numerous approaches aimed at macrophages have been devised, leading to novel prospects for therapeutic interventions. Our review covers the advancements in macrophage-centric treatment plans for various pathologic conditions and examines the potential consequences and obstacles of employing macrophage-targeted techniques in cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marida Sansonetti
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bashar Al Soodi
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- REBIRTH-Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Mira Jung
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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4
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Chen S, Wang L, Yang L, Rana AS, He C. Engineering Biomimetic Microenvironment for Organoid. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300223. [PMID: 37531622 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Organoid is an emerging frontier technology in the field of life science, in which pluripotent stem cells or tissue-derived differentiated/progenitor cells form 3D structures according to their multi-directional differentiation potential and self-assembly ability. Nowadays, although various types of organoids are widely investigated, their construction is still complicated in operation, uncertain in yield, and poor in reproducibility for the structure and function of native organs. Constructing a biomimetic microenvironment for stem cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro is recognized as a key to driving this field. This review reviews the recent development of engineered biomimetic microenvironments for organoids. First, the composition of the matrix for organoid culture is summarized. Then, strategies for engineering the microenvironment from biophysical, biochemical, and cellular perspectives are discussed in detail. Subsequently, the newly developed monitoring technologies are also reviewed. Finally, a brief conclusion and outlook are presented for the inspiration of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Abdus Samad Rana
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Chuanglong He
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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5
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Sung S, Steele LA, Risser GE, Spiller KL. Biomaterial-Assisted Macrophage Cell Therapy for Regenerative Medicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023:114979. [PMID: 37394101 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Although most tissue types are capable of some form of self-repair and regeneration, injuries that are larger than a critical threshold or those occurring in the setting of certain diseases can lead to impaired healing and ultimately loss of structure and function. The immune system plays an important role in tissue repair and must be considered in the design of therapies in regenerative medicine. In particular, macrophage cell therapy has emerged as a promising strategy that leverages the reparative roles of these cells. Macrophages are critical for successful tissue repair and accomplish diverse functions throughout all phases of the process by dramatically shifting in phenotypes in response to microenvironmental cues. Depending on their response to various stimuli, they may release growth factors, support angiogenesis, and facilitate extracellular matrix remodeling. However, this ability to rapidly shift phenotype is also problematic for macrophage cell therapy strategies, because adoptively transferred macrophages fail to maintain therapeutic phenotypes following their administration to sites of injury or inflammation. Biomaterials are a potential way to control macrophage phenotype in situ while also enhancing their retention at sites of injury. Cell delivery systems incorporated with appropriately designed immunomodulatory signals have potential to achieve tissue regeneration in intractable injuries where traditional therapies have failed. Here we explorecurrent challenges in macrophage cell therapy, especially retention and phenotype control, how biomaterials may overcome them, and opportunities for next generation strategies. Biomaterials will be an essential tool to advance macrophage cell therapy for widespread clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Sung
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lindsay A Steele
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gregory E Risser
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kara L Spiller
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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6
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Altrieth AL, Suarez E, Nelson DA, Gabunia S, Larsen M. Single-cell Transcriptomic Analysis of Salivary Gland Endothelial Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.22.545817. [PMID: 37425911 PMCID: PMC10327062 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.22.545817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells have important functions in fibrosis via direct and indirect methods and in regeneration through secretion of tissue-specific, paracrineacting angiocrine factors. In the salivary gland, endothelial cells are required for proper development, but their roles within adult glands are largely unknown. The goal of this work was to identify ligand-receptor interactions between endothelial cells and other cell types that are important during homeostasis, fibrosis, and regeneration. To model salivary gland fibrosis and regeneration, we utilized a reversible ductal ligation. To induce injury, a clip was applied to the primary ducts for 14 days, and to induce a regenerative response, the clip was subsequently removed for 5 days. To identify endothelial cell-produced factors, we used single-cell RNA-sequencing of stromal-enriched cells from adult submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. Transcriptional profiles of homeostatic salivary gland endothelial cells were compared to endothelial cells of other organs. Salivary gland endothelial cells were found to express unique genes and displayed the highest overlap in gene expression with other fenestrated endothelial cells from the colon, small intestine, and kidney. Comparison of the 14-day ligated, mock ligated, and 5-day deligated stromal-enriched transcripts and lineage tracing were used to identify evidence for a partial endoMT phenotype, which was observed in a small number of endothelial cell subsets with ligation. CellChat was used to predict changes in ligand-receptor interactions in response to ligation and deligation. CellChat predicted that after ligation, endothelial cells are sources of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type m, tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13, and myelin protein zero signaling and targets for tumor necrosis factor signaling. Following deligation, CellChat predicted that endothelial cells are sources of chemokine (C-X-C motif) and EPH signaling to promote regenerative responses. These studies will inform future endothelial cell-based regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L. Altrieth
- Department of Biological Sciences and The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, Developmental, and Neural Biology Graduate Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Emily Suarez
- Department of Biological Sciences and The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Deirdre A. Nelson
- Department of Biological Sciences and The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Sergo Gabunia
- Department of Biological Sciences and The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Melinda Larsen
- Department of Biological Sciences and The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, Developmental, and Neural Biology Graduate Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
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7
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Swaminathan B, Youn SW, Naiche LA, Du J, Villa SR, Metz JB, Feng H, Zhang C, Kopan R, Sims PA, Kitajewski JK. Endothelial Notch signaling directly regulates the small GTPase RND1 to facilitate Notch suppression of endothelial migration. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1655. [PMID: 35102202 PMCID: PMC8804000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To control sprouting angiogenesis, endothelial Notch signaling suppresses tip cell formation, migration, and proliferation while promoting barrier formation. Each of these responses may be regulated by distinct Notch-regulated effectors. Notch activity is highly dynamic in sprouting endothelial cells, while constitutive Notch signaling drives homeostatic endothelial polarization, indicating the need for both rapid and constitutive Notch targets. In contrast to previous screens that focus on genes regulated by constitutively active Notch, we characterized the dynamic response to Notch. We examined transcriptional changes from 1.5 to 6 h after Notch signal activation via ligand-specific or EGTA induction in cultured primary human endothelial cells and neonatal mouse brain. In each combination of endothelial type and Notch manipulation, transcriptomic analysis identified distinct but overlapping sets of rapidly regulated genes and revealed many novel Notch target genes. Among the novel Notch-regulated signaling pathways identified were effectors in GPCR signaling, notably, the constitutively active GTPase RND1. In endothelial cells, RND1 was shown to be a novel direct Notch transcriptional target and required for Notch control of sprouting angiogenesis, endothelial migration, and Ras activity. We conclude that RND1 is directly regulated by endothelial Notch signaling in a rapid fashion in order to suppress endothelial migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhairavi Swaminathan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Seock-Won Youn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - L A Naiche
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jing Du
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Stephanie R Villa
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jordan B Metz
- Department of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Huijuan Feng
- Department of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Chaolin Zhang
- Department of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Raphael Kopan
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Peter A Sims
- Department of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jan K Kitajewski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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8
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Silberman J, Jha A, Ryan H, Abbate T, Moore E. Modeled vascular microenvironments: immune-endothelial cell interactions in vitro. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:2482-2495. [PMID: 33797034 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00970-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The advancement of in vitro techniques enables a better understanding of biological processes and improves drug screening platforms. In vitro studies allow for enhanced observation of cell behavior, control over the mimicked microenvironment, and the ability to use human cells. In particular, advances in vascular microenvironment recapitulation are of interest given vasculature influence in cardiovascular vascular diseases and cancer. These investigate alterations in endothelial cell behavior and immune cell interactions with endothelial cells. Specific immune cells such as monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and T cells influence endothelial cell behavior by promoting or inhibiting vasculogenesis through cell-cell interaction or soluble signaling. Results from these studies showcase cell behavior in vascular diseases and in the context of tumor metastasis. In this review, we discuss examples of in vitro studies modeling immune cell-endothelial cell interactions to present methods and recent findings in the field. Schematic showcasing common methods of in vitro experimentation of endothelial-immune cell interactions, including interactions with flow, static culture, or in-direct contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Silberman
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, FL, Gainesville, USA
| | - Aakanksha Jha
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, FL, Gainesville, USA
| | - Holly Ryan
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, FL, Gainesville, USA
| | - Talia Abbate
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, FL, Gainesville, USA
| | - Erika Moore
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, FL, Gainesville, USA.
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, FL, Gainesville, USA.
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9
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Beloglazova I, Stepanova V, Zubkova E, Dergilev K, Koptelova N, Tyurin-Kuzmin PA, Dyikanov D, Plekhanova O, Cines DB, Mazar AP, Parfyonova Y. Mesenchymal stromal cells enhance self-assembly of a HUVEC tubular network through uPA-uPAR/VEGFR2/integrin/NOTCH crosstalk. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1869:119157. [PMID: 34619163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) degrade the extracellular matrix of vessel walls and contact surrounding cells to facilitate migration during angiogenesis, leading to formation of an EC-tubular network (ETN). Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) support ETN formation when co-cultured with ECs, but the mechanism is incompletely understood. We examined the role of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) system, i.e. the serine protease uPA, its inhibitor PAI-1, receptor uPAR/CD87, clearance by the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP1) and their molecular partners, in the formation of ETNs supported by adipose tissue-derived MSC. Co-culture of human umbilical vein ECs (HUVEC) with MSC increased mRNA expression levels of uPAR, MMP14, VEGFR2, TGFβ1, integrin β3 and Notch pathway components (Notch1 receptor and ligands: Dll1, Dll4, Jag1) in HUVECs and uPA, uPAR, TGFβ1, integrin β3, Jag1, Notch3 receptor in MSC. Inhibition at several steps in the activation process indicates that uPA, uPAR and LRP1 cross-talk with αv-integrins, VEGFR2 and Notch receptors/ligands to mediate ETN formation in HUVEC-MSC co-culture. The urokinase system mediates ETN formation through the coordinated action of uPAR, uPA's catalytic activity, its binding to uPAR and its nuclear translocation. These studies identify potential targets to help control aberrant angiogenesis with minimal impact on healthy vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Beloglazova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Victoria Stepanova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Ekaterina Zubkova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Natalia Koptelova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Pyotr A Tyurin-Kuzmin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Daniyar Dyikanov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Plekhanova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Douglas B Cines
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Yelena Parfyonova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russian Federation; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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10
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Lee M, Kannan S, Muniraj G, Rosa V, Lu WF, Fuh JYH, Sriram G, Cao T. Two-Photon Fluorescence Microscopy and Applications in Angiogenesis and Related Molecular Events. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:926-937. [PMID: 34541887 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of angiogenesis in health and disease have gained considerable momentum in recent years. Visualizing angiogenic patterns and associated events of surrounding vascular beds in response to therapeutic and laboratory-grade biomolecules have become a commonplace in regenerative medicine and the biosciences. To aid imaging investigations in angiogenesis, the two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy (2PEF), or multiphoton fluorescence microscopy is increasingly utilized in scientific investigations. The 2PEF microscope confers several distinct imaging advantages over other fluorescence excitation microscopy techniques - for the observation of in-depth, three-dimensional vascularity in a variety of tissue formats, including fixed tissue specimens and in vivo vasculature in live specimens. Understanding morphological and subcellular changes that occur in cells and tissues during angiogenesis will provide insights to behavioral responses in diseased states, advance the engineering of physiologically-relevant tissue models and provide biochemical clues for the design of therapeutic strategies. We review the applicability and limitations of the 2PEF microscope on the biophysical and molecular-level signatures of angiogenesis in various tissue models. Imaging techniques and strategies for best practices in 2PEF microscopy will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Lee
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sathya Kannan
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Giridharan Muniraj
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vinicius Rosa
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Feng Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jerry Y H Fuh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gopu Sriram
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tong Cao
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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11
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Yuan K, Agarwal S, Chakraborty A, Condon DF, Patel H, Zhang S, Huang F, Mello SA, Kirk OI, Vasquez R, de Jesus Perez VA. Lung Pericytes in Pulmonary Vascular Physiology and Pathophysiology. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:2227-2247. [PMID: 34190345 PMCID: PMC10507675 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pericytes are mesenchymal-derived mural cells localized within the basement membrane of pulmonary and systemic capillaries. Besides structural support, pericytes control vascular tone, produce extracellular matrix components, and cytokines responsible for promoting vascular homeostasis and angiogenesis. However, pericytes can also contribute to vascular pathology through the production of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines, differentiation into myofibroblast-like cells, destruction of the extracellular matrix, and dissociation from the vessel wall. In the lung, pericytes are responsible for maintaining the integrity of the alveolar-capillary membrane and coordinating vascular repair in response to injury. Loss of pericyte communication with alveolar capillaries and a switch to a pro-inflammatory/pro-fibrotic phenotype are common features of lung disorders associated with vascular remodeling, inflammation, and fibrosis. In this article, we will address how to differentiate pericytes from other cells, discuss the molecular mechanisms that regulate the interactions of pericytes and endothelial cells in the pulmonary circulation, and the experimental tools currently used to study pericyte biology both in vivo and in vitro. We will also discuss evidence that links pericytes to the pathogenesis of clinically relevant lung disorders such as pulmonary hypertension, idiopathic lung fibrosis, sepsis, and SARS-COVID. Future studies dissecting the complex interactions of pericytes with other pulmonary cell populations will likely reveal critical insights into the origin of pulmonary diseases and offer opportunities to develop novel therapeutics to treat patients afflicted with these devastating disorders. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:2227-2247, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yuan
- Division of Respiratory Diseases Research, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stuti Agarwal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ananya Chakraborty
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - David F. Condon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Hiral Patel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Serena Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Flora Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Salvador A. Mello
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Rocio Vasquez
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Vinicio A. de Jesus Perez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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12
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Sun R, Kong X, Qiu X, Huang C, Wong PP. The Emerging Roles of Pericytes in Modulating Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:676342. [PMID: 34179005 PMCID: PMC8232225 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.676342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericytes (PCs), known as mural cells, play an important blood vessel (BV) supporting role in regulating vascular stabilization, permeability and blood flow in microcirculation as well as blood brain barrier. In carcinogenesis, defective interaction between PCs and endothelial cells (ECs) contributes to the formation of leaky, chaotic and dysfunctional vasculature in tumors. However, recent works from other laboratories and our own demonstrate that the direct interaction between PCs and other stromal cells/cancer cells can modulate tumor microenvironment (TME) to favor cancer growth and progression, independent of its BV supporting role. Furthermore, accumulating evidence suggests that PCs have an immunomodulatory role. In the current review, we focus on recent advancement in understanding PC's regulatory role in the TME by communicating with ECs, immune cells, and tumor cells, and discuss how we can target PC's functions to re-model TME for an improved cancer treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruipu Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangzhan Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping-Pui Wong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Asiry S, Kim G, Filippou PS, Sanchez LR, Entenberg D, Marks DK, Oktay MH, Karagiannis GS. The Cancer Cell Dissemination Machinery as an Immunosuppressive Niche: A New Obstacle Towards the Era of Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:654877. [PMID: 33927723 PMCID: PMC8076861 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.654877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cancer immunotherapy has resulted in unpreceded survival benefits to subsets of oncology patients, accumulating evidence from preclinical animal models suggests that the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment remains a detrimental factor limiting benefit for many patient subgroups. Recent efforts on lymphocyte-mediated immunotherapies are primarily focused on eliminating cancer foci at primary and metastatic sites, but few studies have investigated the impact of these therapies on the highly complex process of cancer cell dissemination. The metastatic cascade involves the directional streaming of invasive/migratory tumor cells toward specialized blood vessel intravasation gateways, called TMEM doorways, to the peripheral circulation. Importantly, this process occurs under the auspices of a specialized tumor microenvironment, herewith referred to as “Dissemination Trajectory”, which is supported by an ample array of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), skewed towards an M2-like polarization spectrum, and which is also vital for providing microenvironmental cues for cancer cell invasion, migration and stemness. Based on pre-existing evidence from preclinical animal models, this article outlines the hypothesis that dissemination trajectories do not only support the metastatic cascade, but also embody immunosuppressive niches, capable of providing transient and localized immunosubversion cues to the migratory/invasive cancer cell subpopulation while in the act of departing from a primary tumor. So long as these dissemination trajectories function as “immune deserts”, the migratory tumor cell subpopulation remains efficient in evading immunological destruction and seeding metastatic sites, despite administration of cancer immunotherapy and/or other cytotoxic treatments. A deeper understanding of the molecular and cellular composition, as well as the signaling circuitries governing the function of these dissemination trajectories will further our overall understanding on TAM-mediated immunosuppression and will be paramount for the development of new therapeutic strategies for the advancement of optimal cancer chemotherapies, immunotherapies, and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Asiry
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Gina Kim
- Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Panagiota S Filippou
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom.,National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington, United Kingdom
| | - Luis Rivera Sanchez
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - David Entenberg
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States.,Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Douglas K Marks
- Department of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - Maja H Oktay
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States.,Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States.,Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - George S Karagiannis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States.,Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
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14
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A bi-directional dialog between vascular cells and monocytes/macrophages regulates tumor progression. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:477-500. [PMID: 33783686 PMCID: PMC8213675 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09958-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer progression largely depends on tumor blood vessels as well on immune cell infiltration. In various tumors, vascular cells, namely endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes, strongly regulate leukocyte infiltration into tumors and immune cell activation, hence the immune response to cancers. Recently, a lot of compelling studies unraveled the molecular mechanisms by which tumor vascular cells regulate monocyte and tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) recruitment and phenotype, and consequently tumor progression. Reciprocally, TAMs and monocytes strongly modulate tumor blood vessel and tumor lymphatic vessel formation by exerting pro-angiogenic and lymphangiogenic effects, respectively. Finally, the interaction between monocytes/TAMs and vascular cells is also impacting several steps of the spread of cancer cells throughout the body, a process called metastasis. In this review, the impact of the bi-directional dialog between blood vascular cells and monocytes/TAMs in the regulation of tumor progression is discussed. All together, these data led to the design of combinations of anti-angiogenic and immunotherapy targeting TAMs/monocyte whose effects are briefly discussed in the last part of this review.
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15
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Subbiah R, Thrivikraman G, Parthiban SP, Jones JM, Athirasala A, Xie H, Bertassoni LE. Prevascularized hydrogels with mature vascular networks promote the regeneration of critical-size calvarial bone defects in vivo. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 15:219-231. [PMID: 33434398 DOI: 10.1002/term.3166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adequate vascularization of scaffolds is a prerequisite for successful repair and regeneration of lost and damaged tissues. It has been suggested that the maturity of engineered vascular capillaries, which is largely determined by the presence of functional perivascular mural cells (or pericytes), plays a vital role in maintaining vessel integrity during tissue repair and regeneration. Here, we investigated the role of pericyte-supported-engineered capillaries in regenerating bone in a critical-size rat calvarial defect model. Prior to implantation, human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) were cocultured in a collagen hydrogel to induce endothelial cell morphogenesis into microcapillaries and hBMSC differentiation into pericytes. Upon implantation into the calvarial bone defects (8 mm), the prevascularized hydrogels showed better bone formation than either untreated controls or defects treated with autologous bone grafts (positive control). Bone formation parameters such as bone volume, coverage area, and vascularity were significantly better in the prevascularized hydrogel group than in the autologous bone group. Our results demonstrate that tissue constructs engineered with pericyte-supported vascular capillaries may approximate the regenerative capacity of autologous bone, despite the absence of osteoinductive or vasculogenic growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Subbiah
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Greeshma Thrivikraman
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - S Prakash Parthiban
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - James M Jones
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Avathamsa Athirasala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Hua Xie
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Luiz E Bertassoni
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research (CEDAR) Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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16
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Hitscherich P, Lee EJ. Crosstalk Between Cardiac Cells and Macrophages Postmyocardial Infarction: Insights from In Vitro Studies. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 27:475-485. [PMID: 33096955 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction (MI), is the leading cause of death in the western world. Following MI, a large number of cardiomyocytes are lost and inflammatory cells such as monocytes and macrophages migrate into the damaged region to remove dead cells and tissue. These inflammatory cells secrete growth factors to induce degradation of the extracellular matrix in the myocardium and recruit cardiac fibroblasts. However, the contribution of specific macrophage subsets on cardiac cell function and survival in the steady state as well as in the diseased state is not well known. There is an increasing demand for in vitro cardiac disease models to bridge the critical missing link in the existing experimental methods. In this review, studies using in vitro models to examine the interaction between macrophages and cardiac cells, including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts, are summarized to better understand the complex inflammatory cascade post-MI. The current challenges and the future directions of in vitro cardiac models are also discussed. Detailed and more mechanistic insights into macrophages and cardiac cell interactions during the multiphase repair process could potentially revolutionize the development of treatments and diagnostic alternatives. Impact statement The inflammatory cascade postmyocardial infarction (MI) is very complex. In vitro cardiac disease model studies bridge the critical missing link in the existing experimental methods and provide insights, including multicellular interaction post-MI. Detailed and more mechanistic insights into macrophages and cardiac cell interactions during the multiphase repair process could potentially revolutionize in developing treatments and diagnostic alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Hitscherich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Eun Jung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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17
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Shen Q, Reedijk M. Notch Signaling and the Breast Cancer Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1287:183-200. [PMID: 33034033 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55031-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Notch promotes breast cancer progression through tumor initiating cell maintenance, tumor cell fate specification, proliferation, survival, and motility. In addition, Notch is recognized as a decisive mechanism in regulating various juxtacrine and paracrine communications in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this chapter, we review recent studies on stress-mediated Notch activation within the TME and sequelae such as angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, changes in the innate and adaptive immunophenotype, and therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Reedijk
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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18
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Stephens CJ, Spector JA, Butcher JT. Biofabrication of thick vascularized neo-pedicle flaps for reconstructive surgery. Transl Res 2019; 211:84-122. [PMID: 31170376 PMCID: PMC6702068 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Wound chronicity due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors perturbs adequate lesion closure and reestablishment of the protective skin barrier. Immediate and proper care of chronic wounds is necessary for a swift recovery and a reduction of patient vulnerability to infection. Advanced therapies supplemented with standard wound care procedures have been clinically implemented to restore aberrant tissue; however, these treatments are ineffective if local vasculature is too compromised to support minimally-invasive strategies. Autologous "flaps", which are tissues equipped with their own hierarchical vascular supply, can be harvested from one region of the patient and transplanted to the wound where it is reperfused upon microsurgical anastomosis to appropriate recipient vessels. Despite the success of autologous flap transfer, these procedures are extremely invasive, incur obligatory donor-site morbidity, and require sufficient donor-tissue availability, microsurgical expertise, and specialized equipment. 3D-bioprinting modalities, such as extrusion-based bioprinting, can be used to address the clinical constraints of autologous flap transfer, primarily addressing donor-site morbidity and tissue availability. This advancement in regenerative medicine allows the biofabrication of heterogeneous tissue structures with high shape fidelity and spatial resolution to generate biomimetic constructs with the anatomically-precise geometries of native tissue to ensure tissue-specific function. Yet, meaningful progress toward this clinical application has been limited by the lack of vascularization required to meet the nutrient and oxygen demands of clinically relevant tissue volumes. Thus, various criteria for the fabrication of functional tissues with hierarchical, patent vasculature must be considered when implementing 3D-bioprinting technologies for deep, chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea J Stephens
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Jason A Spector
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Division of Plastic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan T Butcher
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
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19
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Sequential drug delivery to modulate macrophage behavior and enhance implant integration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 149-150:85-94. [PMID: 31103451 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are major upstream regulators of the inflammatory response to implanted biomaterials. Sequential functions of distinct macrophage phenotypes are essential to the normal tissue repair process, which ideally results in vascularization and integration of implants. Improper timing of M1 or M2 macrophage activation results in dysfunctional healing in the form of chronic inflammation or fibrous encapsulation of the implant. Thus, biphasic drug delivery systems that modulate macrophage behavior are an appealing approach to promoting implant integration. In this review, we describe the timing and roles of macrophage phenotypes in healing, then highlight current drug delivery systems designed to sequentially modulate macrophage behavior.
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20
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Vieceli Dalla Sega F, Fortini F, Aquila G, Campo G, Vaccarezza M, Rizzo P. Notch Signaling Regulates Immune Responses in Atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1130. [PMID: 31191522 PMCID: PMC6540611 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that can cause coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease, depending on which arteries are affected. At the beginning of atherosclerosis plasma lipoproteins accumulate in the sub-endothelial space. In response, monocytes migrate from the circulation through the endothelium into the intima where they differentiate into macrophages. These early events trigger a complex immune response that eventually involves many cellular subtypes of both innate and adaptive immunity. The Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionary conserved cell signaling system that mediates cell-to-cell communication. Recent studies have revealed that Notch modulate atherosclerosis by controlling macrophages polarization into M1 or M2 subtypes. Furthermore, it is known that Notch signaling controls differentiation and activity of T-helper and cytotoxic T-cells in inflammatory diseases. In this review, we will discuss the role of Notch in modulating immunity in the context of atherosclerosis and whether targeting Notch may represent a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Fortini
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Giorgio Aquila
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Campo
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy.,Cardiovascular Center, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, Italy
| | - Mauro Vaccarezza
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Paola Rizzo
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy.,Department of Morphology, Surgery, and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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21
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Alabi RO, Farber G, Blobel CP. Intriguing Roles for Endothelial ADAM10/Notch Signaling in the Development of Organ-Specific Vascular Beds. Physiol Rev 2019; 98:2025-2061. [PMID: 30067156 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00029.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The vasculature is a remarkably interesting, complex, and interconnected organ. It provides a conduit for oxygen and nutrients, filtration of waste products, and rapid communication between organs. Much remains to be learned about the specialized vascular beds that fulfill these diverse, yet vital functions. This review was prompted by the discovery that Notch signaling in mouse endothelial cells is crucial for the development of specialized vascular beds found in the heart, kidneys, liver, intestines, and bone. We will address the intriguing questions raised by the role of Notch signaling and that of its regulator, the metalloprotease ADAM10, in the development of specialized vascular beds. We will cover fundamentals of ADAM10/Notch signaling, the concept of Notch-dependent cell fate decisions, and how these might govern the development of organ-specific vascular beds through angiogenesis or vasculogenesis. We will also consider common features of the affected vessels, including the presence of fenestra or sinusoids and their occurrence in portal systems with two consecutive capillary beds. We hope to stimulate further discussion and study of the role of ADAM10/Notch signaling in the development of specialized vascular structures, which might help uncover new targets for the repair of vascular beds damaged in conditions like coronary artery disease and glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolake O Alabi
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan-Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, New York ; Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York ; Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York ; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York ; and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Gregory Farber
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan-Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, New York ; Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York ; Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York ; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York ; and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Carl P Blobel
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan-Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, New York ; Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York ; Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York ; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York ; and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich , Munich , Germany
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22
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Lee LL, Chintalgattu V. Pericytes in the Heart. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1122:187-210. [PMID: 30937870 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11093-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mural cells known as pericytes envelop the endothelial layer of microvessels throughout the body and have been described to have tissue-specific functions. Cardiac pericytes are abundantly found in the heart, but they are relatively understudied. Currently, their importance is emerging in cardiovascular homeostasis and dysfunction due to their pleiotropism. They are known to play key roles in vascular tone and vascular integrity as well as angiogenesis. However, their dysfunctional presence and/or absence is critical in the mechanisms that lead to cardiac pathologies such as myocardial infarction, fibrosis, and thrombosis. Moreover, they are targeted as a therapeutic potential due to their mesenchymal properties that could allow them to repair and regenerate a damaged heart. They are also sought after as a cell-based therapy based on their healing potential in preclinical studies of animal models of myocardial infarction. Therefore, recognizing the importance of cardiac pericytes and understanding their biology will lead to new therapeutic concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L Lee
- Department of CardioMetabolic Disorders, Amgen Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vishnu Chintalgattu
- Department of CardioMetabolic Disorders, Amgen Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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23
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Morikawa S, Iribar H, Gutiérrez-Rivera A, Ezaki T, Izeta A. Pericytes in Cutaneous Wound Healing. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1147:1-63. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16908-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Harnessing Macrophages for Vascularization in Tissue Engineering. Ann Biomed Eng 2018; 47:354-365. [PMID: 30535815 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-018-02170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we explore the roles of macrophages both in vessel development and in vascularization of tissue engineered constructs. Upon the implantation of tissue engineered constructs into the body, macrophages respond, invade and orchestrate the host's immune response. By altering their phenotype, macrophages can adopt a variety of roles. They can promote inflammation at the site of the implanted construct; they can also promote tissue repair. Macrophages support tissue repair by promoting angiogenesis through the secretion of pro-angiogenic cytokines and by behaving as support cells for nascent vasculature. Thus, the ability to manipulate the macrophage phenotype may yield macrophages capable of supporting vessel development. Moreover, macrophages are an easily isolated autologous cell source. For the generation of vascularized constructs outside of the body, these isolated macrophages can also be skewed to adopt a pro-angiogenic phenotype and enhance blood vessel development in the presence of endothelial cells. To assess the influence of macrophages on vessel development, both in vivo and in vitro models have been developed. Additionally, several groups have demonstrated the pro-angiogenic roles of macrophages in vascularization of tissue engineered constructs through the manipulation of macrophage phenotypes. This review comments on the roles of macrophages in promoting vascularization within these contexts.
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25
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Barthes J, Dollinger C, Muller CB, Liivas U, Dupret-Bories A, Knopf-Marques H, Vrana NE. Immune Assisted Tissue Engineering via Incorporation of Macrophages in Cell-Laden Hydrogels Under Cytokine Stimulation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:108. [PMID: 30177966 PMCID: PMC6110199 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of soft tissues is intricately linked to their connections with the other systems of the body such as circulation, nervous system, and immune system. The presence of resident macrophages in tissues provides a means to control tissue homeostasis and also a way to react to the physical/biological insults and tissue damage. Thus, incorporation of resident macrophage like phenotype-controlled macrophages in engineered tissues can improve their fidelity as model tissues and also improve their rate of integration and facilitate the resolution of inflammation for regenerative medicine applications. Herein, we demonstrate two potential ways to immunoassist the remodeling process of engineered soft tissues in three-dimensional (3-D) gelatin based hydrogels containing fibroblasts and/or endothelial cells: (i) with supplementation of interleukin-4 (IL-4) in the presence of macrophages and (ii) in tri-culture via naive monocytes or differentiated macrophages. The presence of IL-4 had a proliferative effect on fibroblasts, with a significant boosting effect on proliferation and cytokine secretion in the presence of differentiated macrophages with an upregulation of activin, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), creating a more stimulating microenvironment. The addition of IL-4 in endothelial cell/macrophage co-culture configuration improved the organization of the sprout-like structures, with a boost in proliferation at day 1 and with an upregulation of IL-6 and IL-1RA at the earliest stage in the presence of differentiated macrophages creating a favorable microenvironment for angiogenesis. In tri-culture conditions, the presence of monocytes or macrophages resulted in a denser tissue-like structure with highly remodeled hydrogels. The presence of differentiated macrophages had a boosting effect on the angiogenic secretory microenvironment, such as IL-6 and IL-8, without any additional cytokine supplementation. The presence of fibroblasts in combination with endothelial cells also had a significant effect on the secretion of angiopoietin. Our results demonstrate that incorporation of macrophages in a resident macrophage function and their phenotype control have significant effects on the maturation and cytokine microenvironment of 3-D multiple cell type-laden hydrogels, which can be harnessed for better integration of implantable systems and for more physiologically relevant in vitro tissue models with an immune component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Barthes
- PROTiP Medical, Strasbourg, France.,INSERM UMR 1121, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | | - Agnes Dupret-Bories
- Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Helena Knopf-Marques
- INSERM UMR 1121, Strasbourg, France.,Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nihal E Vrana
- PROTiP Medical, Strasbourg, France.,INSERM UMR 1121, Strasbourg, France
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26
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Jiang Y, Wang Y, Ma P, An D, Zhao J, Liang S, Ye Y, Lu Y, Zhang P, Liu X, Han H, Qin H. Myeloid-specific targeting of Notch ameliorates murine renal fibrosis via reduced infiltration and activation of bone marrow-derived macrophage. Protein Cell 2018; 10:196-210. [PMID: 29644573 PMCID: PMC6338623 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-018-0527-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play critical roles in renal fibrosis. However, macrophages exhibit ontogenic and functional heterogeneities, and which population of macrophages contributes to renal fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we genetically targeted Notch signaling by disrupting the transcription factor recombination signal binding protein-Jκ (RBP-J), to reveal its role in regulation of macrophages during the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced murine renal fibrosis. Myeloid-specific disruption of RBP-J attenuated renal fibrosis with reduced extracellular matrix deposition and myofibroblast activation, as well as attenuated epithelial-mesenchymal transition, likely owing to the reduced expression of TGF-β. Meanwhile, RBP-J deletion significantly hampered macrophage infiltration and activation in fibrotic kidney, although their proliferation appeared unaltered. By using macrophage clearance experiment, we found that kidney resident macrophages made negligible contribution, but bone marrow (BM)-derived macrophages played a major role in renal fibrogenesis. Further mechanistic analyses showed that Notch blockade reduced monocyte emigration from BM by down-regulating CCR2 expression. Finally, we found that myeloid-specific Notch activation aggravated renal fibrosis, which was mediated by CCR2+ macrophages infiltration. In summary, our data have unveiled that myeloid-specific targeting of Notch could ameliorate renal fibrosis by regulating BM-derived macrophages recruitment and activation, providing a novel strategy for intervention of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #15, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #15, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Pengfei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Dongjie An
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Junlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shiqian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yuchen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #15, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #15, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #15, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Hua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Hongyan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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27
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M0 and M2 Macrophages Enhance Vascularization of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-018-0048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Azam SH, Smith M, Somasundaram V, Pecot CV. Incorporating Pericytes into an Endothelial Cell Bead Sprouting Assay. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29553528 DOI: 10.3791/57309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the growth of new vessels from pre-existing vasculature and is an important component of many biological processes, including embryogenesis and development, wound healing, tumor growth and metastasis, and ocular and cardiovascular diseases. Effective in vitro models that recapitulate the biology of angiogenesis are needed to appropriately study this process and identify mechanisms of regulation that can be ultimately targeted for novel therapeutic strategies. The bead angiogenesis assay has been previously demonstrated to recapitulate the multiple stages of endothelial sprouting in vitro. However, a limitation of this assay is a lack of endothelial - mural cell interactions, which are key to the molecular and phenotypic regulation of endothelial cell function in vivo. The protocol given here presents a methodology for the incorporation of mural cells into the bead angiogenesis assay and demonstrates a tight association of endothelial cells and pericytes during sprouting in vitro. The protocol also details a methodology for effective silencing of target genes using siRNA in endothelial cells for mechanistic studies. Altogether, this protocol provides an in vitro assay that more appropriately models the diverse cell types involved in sprouting angiogenesis, and provides a more physiologically-relevant platform for therapeutic assessment and novel discovery of mechanisms of angiogenesis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma H Azam
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Mitchell Smith
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Vivek Somasundaram
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Chad V Pecot
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill;
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Lee E, Takahashi H, Pauty J, Kobayashi M, Kato K, Kabara M, Kawabe JI, Matsunaga YT. A 3D in vitro pericyte-supported microvessel model: visualisation and quantitative characterisation of multistep angiogenesis. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:1085-1094. [PMID: 32254296 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb03239k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, which refers to the formation of new blood vessels from already existing vessels, is a promising therapeutic target and a complex multistep process involving many different factors. Pericytes (PCs) are attracting attention as they are considered to make significant contributions to the maturation and stabilisation of newly formed vessels, although not much is known about the precise mechanisms involved. Since there is no single specific marker for pericytes, in vivo models may complicate PC identification and the study of PCs in angiogenesis would benefit from in vitro models recapitulating the interactions between PCs and endothelial cells (ECs) in a three-dimensional (3D) configuration. In this study, a 3D in vitro co-culture microvessel model incorporating ECs and PCs was constructed by bottom-up tissue engineering. Angiogenesis was induced in the manner of sprout formation by the addition of a vascular endothelial cell growth factor. It was found that the incorporation of PCs prevented expansion of the parent vessel diameter and enhanced sprout formation and elongation. Physical interactions between ECs and PCs were visualised by immunostaining and it disclosed that PCs covered the EC monolayer from its basal side in the parent vessel as well as angiogenic sprouts. Furthermore, the microvessels were visualized in 3D by using a non-invasive optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging system and sprout features were quantitatively assessed. It revealed that the sprouts in EC-PC co-culture vessels were longer and tighter than those in EC mono-culture vessels. The combination of the microvessel model and the OCT system analysis can be useful for the visualisation and demonstration of the multistep process of angiogenesis, which incorporates PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eujin Lee
- Center for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems (CIBiS), Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
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Coupling between Myogenesis and Angiogenesis during Skeletal Muscle Regeneration Is Stimulated by Restorative Macrophages. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:2018-2033. [PMID: 29198825 PMCID: PMC5785732 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In skeletal muscle, new functions for vessels have recently emerged beyond oxygen and nutrient supply, through the interactions that vascular cells establish with muscle stem cells. Here, we demonstrate in human and mouse that endothelial cells (ECs) and myogenic progenitor cells (MPCs) interacted together to couple myogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo during skeletal muscle regeneration. Kinetics of gene expression of ECs and MPCs sorted at different time points of regeneration identified three effectors secreted by both ECs and MPCs. Apelin, Oncostatin M, and Periostin were shown to control myogenesis/angiogenesis coupling in vitro and to be required for myogenesis and vessel formation during muscle regeneration in vivo. Furthermore, restorative macrophages, which have been previously shown to support myogenesis in vivo, were shown in a 3D triculture model to stimulate myogenesis/angiogenesis coupling, notably through Oncostatin M production. Our data demonstrate that restorative macrophages orchestrate muscle regeneration by controlling myogenesis/angiogenesis coupling. Endothelial cells (ECs) promote myogenesis Myogenic progenitor cells (MPCs) stimulate angiogenesis as they differentiate EC- and MPC-derived Apelin, Oncostatin M, and Periostin promote myo-angiogenesis Restorative macrophages stimulate myo-angiogenesis via Oncostatin M secretion
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31
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Nathan J, Ruscitto A, Pylawka S, Sohraby A, Shawber CJ, Embree MC. Fibrocartilage Stem Cells Engraft and Self-Organize into Vascularized Bone. J Dent Res 2017; 97:329-337. [PMID: 29020504 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517735094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a complex, multicellular process that is critical for bone development and generation. Endochondral ossification depends on an avascular cartilage template that completely remodels into vascularized bone and involves a dynamic interplay among chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and endothelial cells. We have discovered fibrocartilage stem cells (FCSCs) derived from the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) mandibular condyle that generates cartilage anlagen, which is subsequently remodeled into vascularized bone using an ectopic transplantation model. Here we explore FCSC and endothelial cell interactions during vascularized bone formation. We found that a single FCSC colony formed transient cartilage and host endothelial cells may participate in bone angiogenesis upon subcutaneous transplantation in a nude mouse. FCSCs produced an abundance of the proangiogenic growth factor vascular endothelial growth factor A and promoted the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Using a fibrinogen gel bead angiogenesis assay experiment, FCSC cell feeder layer induced HUVECs to form significantly shorter and less sprouts than D551 fibroblast controls, suggesting that FCSCs may initially inhibit angiogenesis to allow for avascular cartilage formation. Conversely, direct FCSC-HUVEC contact significantly enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of FCSCs. To corroborate this idea, upon transplantation of FCSCs into a bone defect microenvironment, FCSCs engrafted and regenerated intramembranous bone. Taken together, we demonstrate that the interactions between FCSCs and endothelial cells are essential for FCSC-derived vascularized bone formation. A comprehensive understanding of the environmental cues that regulate FCSC fate decisions may contribute to deciphering the mechanisms underlying the role of FCSCs in regulating bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nathan
- 1 TMJ Biology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Ruscitto
- 1 TMJ Biology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Pylawka
- 1 TMJ Biology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Sohraby
- 1 TMJ Biology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - C J Shawber
- 2 Department of OB/GYN, Division of Reproductive Sciences, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - M C Embree
- 1 TMJ Biology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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32
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Ventrella R, Kaplan N, Getsios S. Asymmetry at cell-cell interfaces direct cell sorting, boundary formation, and tissue morphogenesis. Exp Cell Res 2017; 358:58-64. [PMID: 28322822 PMCID: PMC5544567 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
During development, cells of seemingly homogenous character sort themselves out into distinct compartments in order to generate cell types with specialized features that support tissue morphogenesis and function. This process is often driven by receptors at the cell membrane that probe the extracellular microenvironment for specific ligands and alter downstream signaling pathways impacting transcription, cytoskeletal organization, and cell adhesion to regulate cell sorting and subsequent boundary formation. This review will focus on two of these receptor families, Eph and Notch, both of which are intrinsically non-adhesive and are activated by a unique set of ligands that are asymmetrically distributed from their receptor on neighboring cells. Understanding the requirement of asymmetric ligand-receptor signaling at the membrane under homeostatic conditions gives insight into how misregulation of these pathways contributes to boundary disruption in diseases like cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Ventrella
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nihal Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Spiro Getsios
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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33
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Um Min Allah N, Berahim Z, Ahmad A, Kannan TP. Biological Interaction Between Human Gingival Fibroblasts and Vascular Endothelial Cells for Angiogenesis: A Co-culture Perspective. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 14:495-505. [PMID: 30603504 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0065-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancement in cell culture protocols, multidisciplinary research approach, and the need of clinical implication to reconstruct damaged or diseased tissues has led to the establishment of three-dimensional (3D) test systems for regeneration and repair. Regenerative therapies, including dental tissue engineering, have been pursued as a new prospect to repair and rebuild the diseased/lost oral tissues. Interactions between the different cell types, growth factors, and extracellular matrix components involved in angiogenesis are vital in the mechanisms of new vessel formation for tissue regeneration. In vitro pre-vascularization is one of the leading scopes in the tissue-engineering field. Vascularization strategies that are associated with co-culture systems have proved that there is communication between different cell types with mutual beneficial effects in vascularization and tissue regeneration in two-dimensional or 3D cultures. Endothelial cells with different cell populations, including osteoblasts, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts in a co-culture have shown their ability to advocate pre-vascularization. In this review, a co-culture perspective of human gingival fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells is discussed with the main focus on vascularization and future perspective of this model in regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasar Um Min Allah
- 1School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Zurairah Berahim
- 1School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Azlina Ahmad
- 1School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Thirumulu Ponnuraj Kannan
- 1School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia
- 2Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia
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34
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Lacko LA, Hurtado R, Hinds S, Poulos MG, Butler JM, Stuhlmann H. Altered feto-placental vascularization, feto-placental malperfusion and fetal growth restriction in mice with Egfl7 loss of function. Development 2017; 144:2469-2479. [PMID: 28526753 DOI: 10.1242/dev.147025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
EGFL7 is a secreted angiogenic factor produced by embryonic endothelial cells. To understand its role in placental development, we established a novel Egfl7 knockout mouse. The mutant mice have gross defects in chorioallantoic branching morphogenesis and placental vascular patterning. Microangiography and 3D imaging revealed patchy perfusion of Egfl7-/- placentas marked by impeded blood conductance through sites of narrowed vessels. Consistent with poor feto-placental perfusion, Egfl7 knockout resulted in reduced placental weight and fetal growth restriction. The placentas also showed abnormal fetal vessel patterning and over 50% reduction in fetal blood space. In vitro, placental endothelial cells were deficient in migration, cord formation and sprouting. Expression of genes involved in branching morphogenesis, Gcm1, Syna and Synb, and in patterning of the extracellular matrix, Mmrn1, were temporally dysregulated in the placentas. Egfl7 knockout did not affect expression of the microRNA embedded within intron 7. Collectively, these data reveal that Egfl7 is crucial for placental vascularization and embryonic growth, and may provide insight into etiological factors underlying placental pathologies associated with intrauterine growth restriction, which is a significant cause of infant morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauretta A Lacko
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 60, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Romulo Hurtado
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 60, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Samantha Hinds
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 60, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael G Poulos
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 60, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jason M Butler
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 60, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Heidi Stuhlmann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 60, New York, NY 10065, USA
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35
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Agapidou A, Stavrakis T, Vlachaki E, Anagnostis P, Vakalopoulou S. The Role of Angiogenesis in Haemophilic Arthropathy: Where Do We Stand and Where Are We Going? Turk J Haematol 2017; 33:88-93. [PMID: 27211044 PMCID: PMC5100737 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.2016.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilia is an inherited bleeding disorder that can lead to degenerative joint arthropathy due to recurrent bleeding episodes affecting the musculoskeletal system of the patient. The cause of bleeding can be either traumatic or spontaneous. The pathogenesis of haemophilic arthropathy is unclear as many factors like iron, inflammatory cytokines, and angiogenic factors contribute to this process. Blood into joints can deteriorate the bone to such an extent that the patient experiences pain, reduction of the range of movement, and deformity of the joint, conditions that could have a great impact on quality of life. Over the years, management of haemophilic arthropathy has changed. Nowadays, early diagnosis with high resolution imaging like magnetic resonance imaging along with application of prophylaxis regimens can reduce the extent of damage to the joints. However, not all haemophilia patients have access to these interventions as cost may be prohibitive for some of them. The need for new, easy, and cost-effective strategies with the ability to identify early changes could be beneficial and could make a difference in the management of haemophilic arthropathy. Understanding the mechanism of processes like angiogenesis in the mechanism of developing arthropathy could be innovative for these patients and could help in the detection of new early diagnostic and therapeutic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Agapidou
- Aristotle University, Hippokration Hospital, Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece, E-mail :
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36
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Moore EM, Ying G, West JL. Macrophages Influence Vessel Formation in 3D Bioactive Hydrogels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201600021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika M. Moore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University 101 Science Drive Campus Box 90281 Durham NC 27708‐0281 USA
| | - Grace Ying
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University 101 Science Drive Campus Box 90281 Durham NC 27708‐0281 USA
| | - Jennifer L. West
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University 101 Science Drive Campus Box 90281 Durham NC 27708‐0281 USA
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37
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Avolio E, Madeddu P. Discovering cardiac pericyte biology: From physiopathological mechanisms to potential therapeutic applications in ischemic heart disease. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 86:53-63. [PMID: 27268036 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Microvascular pericytes and the more recently discovered adventitial pericyte-like progenitor cells are a subpopulation of vascular stem cells closely associated with small and large blood vessels respectively. These populations of perivascular cells are remarkably abundant in the heart. Pericytes control important physiological processes such as angiogenesis, blood flow and vascular permeability. In the heart, this pleiotropic activity makes pericytes extremely interesting for applications in regenerative medicine. On the other hand, dysfunction of pericytes could participate in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, such as arterial hypertension, fibro-calcific cardiovascular remodeling, myocardial edema and post-ischemic coronary no-reflow. On a therapeutic standpoint, preclinical studies in small animal models of myocardial infarction have demonstrated the healing potential of pericytes transplantation, which has been ascribed to direct vascular incorporation and paracrine pro-angiogenic and anti-apoptotic activities. These promising findings open the door to the clinical use of pericytes for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Avolio
- Division of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol Heart Institute, Level 7 Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin St, BS2 8HW Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Division of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol Heart Institute, Level 7 Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin St, BS2 8HW Bristol, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Notch signaling is an evolutionary conserved pathway critical for cardiovascular development and angiogenesis. More recently, the contribution of Notch signaling to the homeostasis of the adult vasculature has emerged as an important novel paradigm, but much remains to be understood. RECENT FINDINGS Recent findings shed light on the impact of Notch in vascular and immune responses to microenvironmental signals as well as on the onset of atherosclerosis. In the past year, studies in human and mice explored the role of Notch in the maintenance of a nonactivated endothelium. Novel pieces of evidence suggest that this pathway is sensitive to environmental factors, including inflammatory mediators and diet-derived by-products. SUMMARY An emerging theme is the ability of Notch to respond to changes in the microenvironment, including glucose and lipid metabolites. In turn, alterations in Notch enable an important link between metabolism and transcriptional changes, thus this receptor appears to function as a metabolic sensor with direct implications to gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Briot
- I2MC, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Team 1, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Bouloumié
- I2MC, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Team 1, Toulouse, France
| | - M. Luisa Iruela-Arispe
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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de Vries MR, Quax PHA. Plaque angiogenesis and its relation to inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque destabilization. Curr Opin Lipidol 2016; 27:499-506. [PMID: 27472406 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The review discusses the recent literature on plaque angiogenesis and its relation to inflammation and plaque destabilization. Furthermore, it discusses how plaque angiogenesis can be used to monitor atherosclerosis and serve as a therapeutic target. RECENT FINDINGS Histopathologic studies have shown a clear relationship between plaque angiogenesis, intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH), plaque vulnerability, and cardiovascular events. Hypoxia is a main driver of plaque angiogenesis and the mechanism behind angiogenesis is only partly known. IPH, as the result of immature neovessels, is associated with increased influx of inflammatory cells in the plaques. Experimental models displaying certain features of human atherosclerosis such as plaque angiogenesis or IPH are developed and can contribute to unraveling the mechanism behind plaque vulnerability. New imaging techniques are established, with which plaque angiogenesis and vulnerability can be detected. Furthermore, antiangiogenic therapies in atherosclerosis gain much attention. SUMMARY Plaque angiogenesis, IPH, and inflammation contribute to plaque vulnerability. Histopathologic and imaging studies together with specific experimental studies have provided insights in plaque angiogenesis and plaque vulnerability. However, more extensive knowledge on the underlying mechanism is required for establishing new therapies for patients at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margreet R de Vries
- Department of Surgery, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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40
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Hu H, He L, Li L, Chen L. Apelin/APJ system as a therapeutic target in diabetes and its complications. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 119:20-7. [PMID: 27650065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The G-protein-coupled receptor APJ and its endogenous ligand apelin are widely expressed in many peripheral tissues and central nervous system, including adipose tissue, skeletal muscles and hypothalamus. Apelin/APJ system, involved in numerous physiological functions like angiogenesis, fluid homeostasis and energy metabolism regulation, is notably implicated in the development of different pathologies such as diabetes and its complications. Increasing evidence suggests that apelin regulates insulin sensitivity, stimulates glucose utilization and enhances brown adipogenesis in different tissues associated with diabetes. Moreover, apelin is also involved in the regulation of diabetic complications via binding to APJ receptor. Apelin improves diabetes-induced kidney hypertrophia, normalizes obesity-associated cardiac hypertrophy and negatively promotes retinal angiogenesis in diabetic retinopathy. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview about the role of apelin/APJ system in different tissues related with diabetes. Furthermore, we describe the pathogenesis of diabetic complications associated with apelin/APJ system. Finally, agonists and antagonists targeted to APJ receptor are described in the literature. Thus, we highlight apelin/APJ system as a novel therapeutic target for pharmacological intervention in treating diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoliang Hu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Lu He
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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