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Pan N, Shi J, Du S, Qiu Z, Ran Q, Guo Y, Ma A, Zhang Q, Sang A, Yang X. Honokiol Attenuates Choroidal Neovascularization by Inhibiting the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-α/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Axis via Nuclear Transcription Factor-Kappa B Activation. Curr Eye Res 2024; 49:88-96. [PMID: 37707827 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2023.2259634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Honokiol is a lignan isolated from Magnolia officinalis and exhibits anti-angiogenic properties. This study was conducted to investigate the role of honokiol in choroidal neovascularization. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were treated with honokiol at 10-20 mg/kg by daily intraperitoneal injection from day 1 to 6 after laser photocoagulation. ARPE-19 cells were cultured under hypoxic conditions with or without the presence of honokiol. After laser photocoagulation and honokiol treatment, hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunofluorescence and fundus fluorescein angiography were used to analyze the effect of honokiol on choroidal neovascularization formation. Quantitative real-time PCR, western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence, luciferase assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation were performed to explore the mechanism of honokiol in the pathological process of choroidal neovascularization. Finally, the role of honokiol on the human choroidal vascular endothelial cells was detected by using 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine assay, Transwell and Tube formation assays. RESULTS The results of hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunofluorescence suggested that honokiol reduced the thickness, length, and area of choroidal neovascularization lesions in laser-induced choroidal neovascularization mouse model. Fundus fluorescein angiography showed that choroidal neovascularization leakage was reduced in honokiol group and the concentration of 20 mg/kg showed better effects. Mechanism studies have shown that honokiol exerted inhibitory effects on choroidal neovascularization by inactivating hypoxia-inducible factor-1α/vascular endothelial growth factor axis through the nuclear transcription factor-kappa B signaling pathway. The same results were obtained in ARPE-19 cells under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, the conditional medium of retinal pigmented epithelial cells promoted the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human choroidal vascular endothelial cells, while honokiol reversed these. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that honokiol attenuated choroidal neovascularization formation by inactivating the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α/vascular endothelial growth factor axis through nuclear transcription factor-kappa B signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningxin Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shu Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhaoxian Qiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qiliang Ran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yangchen Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Anping Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Aimin Sang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Tian B, Deng Q, Guo C. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α Stability Modified by Glutaredoxin-1 in Necrotizing Enterocolitis. J Surg Res 2022; 280:429-439. [PMID: 36049244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α is essential for the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). HIF-1α is stabilized by glutaredoxin-1 (Grx1) deletion. The precise role of HIF-1α in the intestinal microcirculation in NEC is not well defined. We aimed to determine the role of HIF-1α in the regulation of the intestinal microcirculation during the development of NEC. METHODS Experimental NEC was induced in full-term C57BL/6 mice and Grx1-/- pups through the formula gavage and hypoxia technique. HIF-1α signaling was blocked using the HIF-1α inhibitor, YC-1 [3-(5-hydroxymethyl-2-furyl)-1-benzyl indazole]. Intestinal tissues were collected at predetermined time points for the assessment of the intestinal microcirculation and HIF-1α activity and signaling. RESULTS We found that NEC induction impaired the intestinal microcirculation, but the impairment of the intestinal blood flow and capillary density was ameliorated in Grx1-/- mice. This amelioration was associated with tripeptide glutathione-protein adducts in the intestinal tissue. Grx1 ablation also promoted vascular endothelial growth factor A production in the intestinal tissue. This intestinal microvascular improvement was not found in HIF-1α-inhibited mice, suggesting that HIF-1α was involved in the intestinal microcirculatory perfusion. CONCLUSIONS The current data demonstrated that HIF-1α signaling is involved in the intestinal microvascular modification during the pathogenesis of NEC, suggesting that targeting HIF-1α might be a promising strategy for NEC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Women and Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Women and Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bing Tian
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Women and Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Deng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Women and Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunbao Guo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Women and Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Burn, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China.
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Elebiyo TC, Rotimi D, Evbuomwan IO, Maimako RF, Iyobhebhe M, Ojo OA, Oluba OM, Adeyemi OS. Reassessing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in anti-angiogenic cancer therapy. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022; 32:100620. [PMID: 35964475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Vascularization is fundamental to the growth and spread of tumor cells to distant sites. As a consequence, angiogenesis, the sprouting of new blood vessels from existing ones, is a characteristic trait of cancer. In 1971, Judah Folkman postulated that tumour growth is angiogenesis dependent and that by cutting off blood supply, a neoplastic lesion could be potentially starved into remission. Decades of research have been devoted to understanding the role that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays in tumor angiogenesis, and it has been identified as a significant pro-angiogenic factor that is frequently overexpressed within a tumor mass. Today, anti-VEGF drugs such as Sunitinib, Sorafenib, Axitinib, Tanibirumab, and Ramucirumab have been approved for the treatment of advanced and metastatic cancers. However, anti-angiogenic therapy has turned out to be more complex than originally thought. The failure of this therapeutic option calls for a reevaluation of VEGF as the major target in anti-angiogenic cancer therapy. The call for reassessment is based on two rationales: first, tumour blood vessels are abnormal, disorganized, and leaky; this not only prevents optimal drug delivery but it also promotes hypoxia and metastasis; secondly, tumour growth or regrowth might be blood vessel dependent and not angiogenesis dependent as tumour cells can acquire blood vessels via non-angiogenic mechanisms. Therefore, a critical assessment of VEGF, VEGFRs, and their inhibitors could glean newer options such as repurposing anti-VEGF drugs as vascular normalizing agents to enhance drug delivery of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Damilare Rotimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo
- Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratory (PMTCB-RL), Department of Biochemistry, Bowen University, Iwo, 232101, Nigeria..
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Bone marrow-independent adventitial macrophage progenitor cells contribute to angiogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:220. [PMID: 35264563 PMCID: PMC8907187 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04605-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pathological angiogenesis promotes tumor growth, metastasis, and atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Macrophages are key players in these processes. However, whether these macrophages differentiate from bone marrow-derived monocytes or from local vascular wall-resident stem and progenitor cells (VW-SCs) is an unresolved issue of angiogenesis. To answer this question, we analyzed vascular sprouting and alterations in aortic cell populations in mouse aortic ring assays (ARA). ARA culture leads to the generation of large numbers of macrophages, especially within the aortic adventitia. Using immunohistochemical fate-mapping and genetic in vivo-labeling approaches we show that 60% of these macrophages differentiate from bone marrow-independent Ly6c+/Sca-1+ adventitial progenitor cells. Analysis of the NCX−/− mouse model that genetically lacks embryonic circulation and yolk sac perfusion indicates that at least some of those progenitor cells arise yolk sac-independent. Macrophages represent the main source of VEGF in ARA that vice versa promotes the generation of additional macrophages thereby creating a pro-angiogenetic feedforward loop. Additionally, macrophage-derived VEGF activates CD34+ progenitor cells within the adventitial vasculogenic zone to differentiate into CD31+ endothelial cells. Consequently, depletion of macrophages and VEGFR2 antagonism drastically reduce vascular sprouting activity in ARA. In summary, we show that angiogenic activation induces differentiation of macrophages from bone marrow-derived as well as from bone marrow-independent VW-SCs. The latter ones are at least partially yolk sac-independent, too. Those VW-SC-derived macrophages critically contribute to angiogenesis, making them an attractive target to interfere with pathological angiogenesis in cancer and atherosclerosis as well as with regenerative angiogenesis in ischemic cardiovascular disorders.
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Shahid A, Bhatt P, Miller A, Sutariya V. Honokiol-Loaded Methoxy Poly (Ethylene Glycol) Polycaprolactone Micelles for the Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2021; 19:350-360. [PMID: 34227879 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2021.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a multifactorial age-related retinal hypoxic disorder resulting in irreversible loss of vision, is the foremost cause of blindness in the United States. Current treatment strategies involve multiple intraocular injections of antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents into the vitreous of eye. In addition to the challenges of drug localization and targeted delivery, the need of frequent injections into the eye raises patient compliance issues, and thus call for development of sustained drug delivery systems. In this study, a sustained drug delivery system was prepared by loading an antihypoxia-induced factor (HIF) agent, honokiol (HON), into methoxy poly (ethylene glycol) polycaprolactone (MPEG-PCL) polymer. These HON-MPEG-PCL micelles were characterized by evaluating size, ζ potential, in vitro drug release profile, and morphology by transmission electron microscopy. The cytotoxic nature of developed micelles was assessed on human retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19) cells by cytotoxicity assay. The cellular uptake and HIF and VEGF expression levels were determined in in vitro settings. Micelles formed had a particle size of 30.8 ± 0.8 nm with the poly dispersity index of 0.19 ± 0.0004 and ζ potential was found to be -5.46 ± 0.49 mv. Entrapment efficiency was calculated to be 64 ± 0.135%. In vitro drug release showed sustained release of drug from the formulation. Result from in vitro cytotoxicity study confirmed noncytotoxic nature of HON-MPEG-PCL micelles compared to HON drug solution. Furthermore, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay studies performed showed the periodic downregulation of HIF and VEGF, which are major growth factors involved in underlying mechanism of AMD. The results showed successful development of HON-MPEG-PCL micelles, which may be useful for the effective treatment of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Shahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Priyanka Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Abraian Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Anitha RE, Janani R, Peethambaran D, Baskaran V. Lactucaxanthin protects retinal pigment epithelium from hyperglycemia-regulated hypoxia/ER stress/VEGF pathway mediated angiogenesis in ARPE-19 cell and rat model. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 899:174014. [PMID: 33705802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia mediated perturbations in biochemical pathways induce angiogenesis in diabetic retinopathy (DR) pathogenesis. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of lactucaxanthin, a predominant lettuce carotenoid, on hyperglycemia-mediated activation of angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo diabetic model. ARPE-19 cells cultured in 30 mM glucose concentration were treated with lactucaxanthin (5 μM and 10 μM) for 48 h. They were assessed for antioxidant enzyme activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species, and cell migration. In the animal experiment, streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats were gavaged with lactucaxanthin (200 μM) for 8 weeks. Parameters like animal weight gain, feed intake, water intake, urine output, and fasting blood glucose level were monitored. In both models, lutein-treated groups were considered as a positive control. Hyperglycemia-mediated angiogenic marker expressions in ARPE-19 and retina of diabetic rats were quantified through the western blot technique. Expression of hypoxia, endoplasmic reticulum stress markers, and vascular endothelial growth factor were found to be augmented in the hyperglycemia group compared to control (P < 0.05). Hyperglycemia plays a crucial role in increasing cellular migration and reactive oxygen species besides disrupting tight junction protein. Compared to lutein, lactucaxanthin aids retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) function from hyperglycemia-induced stress conditions via downregulating angiogenesis markers expression. Lactucaxanthin potentiality observed in protecting tight junction protein expression via modulating reactive oxygen species found to conserve RPE integrity. Results demonstrate that lactucaxanthin exhibits robust anti-angiogenic activity for the first time and, therefore, would be useful as an alternative therapy to prevent or delay DR progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani Elavarasan Anitha
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India
| | - Rajasekar Janani
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India
| | - Divya Peethambaran
- CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India
| | - Vallikannan Baskaran
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India.
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Ahmadi F, Engel M, Baradarani MM. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of indeno [1, 2-c] pyrazol derivatives as inhibitors of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase 2 (MDH2). Bioorg Chem 2021; 110:104779. [PMID: 33689977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a pivotal transcription factor, which is strongly correlated with the induction of angiogenesis, tumor survival, metastasis, and cell proliferation, making it a pivotal therapeutic target for solid tumor therapeutic agents. Herein, a new series of multi-functional chemical probes were designed including principal groups, viz. adamantyl and indene, at various locations of the parent compound LW6. Molecular docking studies were performed on the designed compounds and their relationship with HIF-1α and malate dehydrogenase 2 (MDH2). Inhibition of MDH2 by our compounds was expected to decrease the NADH level. Indeed, treatment of the breast cancer cell line 4T1 led to a strong reduction of the NADH concentration. The greatest reduction in NADH production in mitochondria was observed with (E)-3-(4-((3r, 5r, 7r)-adamantan-1-yl) phenoxy)-N-(5-(piperidine-1-carbonyl)-1, 4-dihydroindeno [1, 2-c] pyrazol-3-yl) acrylamide (18: IC50 = 59 nM), and has the best inhibitory potential under hypoxic conditions (MCF-7: IC50 = 57 nM). This compound also gave one of the highest docking "higher than the score obtained with LW6 in parallel (-31.63 kcal/mol) in the initial docking runs (PDB Code: 4WLO). Other related compounds with good yields were also synthesized from docking results, and all the synthesized compounds (14, 18, 22, 26, 29, 30) were evaluated in vitro on human adenocarcinoma cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Ahmadi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Iran
| | - Matthias Engel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Saarland University, Germany
| | - Mehdi M Baradarani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Iran
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8
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Li HY, Yuan Y, Fu YH, Wang Y, Gao XY. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α: A promising therapeutic target for vasculopathy in diabetic retinopathy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104924. [PMID: 32464323 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious condition that can cause blindness in diabetic patients. It is a neurovascular disease, but the pathogenesis leading to the onset of this disease is still not completely understood. However, hypoxia with subsequent neovascularization is a characteristic phenomenon observed with DR. Cellular response to hypoxia is mediated by the transcriptional regulator hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Long-term research has shown that one isotype of HIF, HIF-1α, may play a pivotal role under hypoxic conditions, and an increasing number of studies have shown that HIF-1α and its target genes contribute to retinal neovascularization. Therefore, targeting HIF-1α may lead to more effective DR treatments. This review describes the possible mechanisms of HIF-1α in neovascularization of DR. Furthermore, various inhibitors of HIF-1α that may have viable potential in the treatment of DR are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yao Li
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yu-Hong Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
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Li Y, Xu Q, Shi M, Gan P, Huang Q, Wang A, Tan G, Fang Y, Liao H. Low-level laser therapy induces human umbilical vascular endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation through activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Microvasc Res 2020; 129:103959. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2019.103959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Koike K, Nagano M, Ebihara M, Hirayama T, Tsuji M, Suga H, Nagasawa H. Design, Synthesis, and Conformation-Activity Study of Unnatural Bridged Bicyclic Depsipeptides as Highly Potent Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 Inhibitors and Antitumor Agents. J Med Chem 2020; 63:4022-4046. [PMID: 32202785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
By carrying out structural modifications based on the bicyclic peptide structure of echinomycin, we successfully synthesized various powerful antitumor derivatives. The ring conformation in the obtained compounds was restricted by cross-linking with an unnatural bond. The prepared derivatives were demonstrated to strongly suppress the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1 transcriptional activation and hypoxia induction of HIF-1 protein expression. Particularly, alkene-bridged derivative 12 exhibited remarkably potent cytotoxicity (IC50 = 0.22 nM on the MCF-7 cell line) and HIF-1 inhibition (IC50 = 0.09 nM), which considerably exceeded those of echinomycin. Conformational analyses and molecular modeling studies revealed that the biological activities were enhanced following restriction of the conformation by cross-linking through a metabolically stable and rigid bridge bond. In addition, we proposed a new globular conformation stabilized by intramolecular π stacking that can contribute to the biological effects of bicyclic depsipeptides. The developments presented in the current study serve as a useful guide to expand the chemical space of peptides in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Koike
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-city, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Masanobu Nagano
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ebihara
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu-city, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Tasuku Hirayama
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-city, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Mieko Tsuji
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-city, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suga
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hideko Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-city, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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Ki SM, Kim JH, Won SY, Oh SJ, Lee IY, Bae Y, Chung KW, Choi B, Park B, Choi E, Lee JE. CEP41-mediated ciliary tubulin glutamylation drives angiogenesis through AURKA-dependent deciliation. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48290. [PMID: 31885126 PMCID: PMC7001496 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelial cilium is a microtubule-based organelle responsible for blood flow-induced mechanosensation and signal transduction during angiogenesis. The precise function and mechanisms by which ciliary mechanosensation occurs, however, are poorly understood. Although posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of cytoplasmic tubulin are known to be important in angiogenesis, the specific roles of ciliary tubulin PTMs play remain unclear. Here, we report that loss of centrosomal protein 41 (CEP41) results in vascular impairment in human cell lines and zebrafish, implying a previously unknown pro-angiogenic role for CEP41. We show that proper control of tubulin glutamylation by CEP41 is necessary for cilia disassembly and that is involved in endothelial cell (EC) dynamics such as migration and tubulogenesis. We show that in ECs responding to shear stress or hypoxia, CEP41 activates Aurora kinase A (AURKA) and upregulates expression of VEGFA and VEGFR2 through ciliary tubulin glutamylation, as well as leads to the deciliation. We further show that in hypoxia-induced angiogenesis, CEP41 is responsible for the activation of HIF1α to trigger the AURKA-VEGF pathway. Overall, our results suggest the CEP41-HIF1α-AURKA-VEGF axis as a key molecular mechanism of angiogenesis and demonstrate how important ciliary tubulin glutamylation is in mechanosense-responded EC dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Mi Ki
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologySAIHSTSungkyunkwan UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologySAIHSTSungkyunkwan UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - So Yeon Won
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologySAIHSTSungkyunkwan UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Shin Ji Oh
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologySAIHSTSungkyunkwan UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - In Young Lee
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Human DiseasesDepartment of Life SciencesKorea UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Young‐Ki Bae
- Comparative Biomedicine Research & Tumor Microenvironment Research BranchResearch InstituteNational Cancer CenterGoyangKorea
| | - Ki Wha Chung
- Department of Biological SciencesKongju National UniversityKongjuSouth Korea
| | - Byung‐Ok Choi
- Department of NeurologySungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Boyoun Park
- Department of Systems BiologyCollege of Life Science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Eui‐Ju Choi
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Human DiseasesDepartment of Life SciencesKorea UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologySAIHSTSungkyunkwan UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
- Samsung Biomedical Research InstituteSamsung Medical CenterSeoulSouth Korea
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12
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Pan X, Lv Y. Effects and Mechanism of Action of PX-478 in Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy in Mice. Ophthalmic Res 2020; 63:182-193. [PMID: 31955159 DOI: 10.1159/000504023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an important risk factor for blindness in children due to neovascularization (NV). Hypoxia stimulates the formation of NV, as retinal hypoxia affects the stability and function of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcription factors. The purpose of this study is to study the mechanism of ROP and provide theoretical basis for clinical treatment of ROP. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we used a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) to demonstrate the effects of the HIF-1α inhibitor PX-478 on OIR, and to determine its mechanism of action, to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of ROP. MATERIALS AND METHODS The OIR mouse model was induced by exposing neonatal mouse pups and their mothers to 75 ± 5% oxygen from postnatal day 7 (P7) to P12, before being returned to room air from P12 to P17. Flat mount analyses were performed at P12 and P17. Hif1a, Hif2a, Hif3a, and Vegfa mRNA were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in OIR mice at P12 and P17. Hif1a and Vegfa mRNA were detected in OIR mice at P12 and P17 treatment with PX-478. Western blot analyses were used to assess the levels of HIF-1α, VEGF-A, and EPO before and after treatment with PX-478 at P12 and P17. RESULTS Hif1a mRNA was increased in OIR mice at P12 and P17, while Vegfa mRNA was increased at P12 and P17. HIF-1α, VEGF-A, and EPO protein levels were increased in OIR mice at P12 and P17, as compared to control mice at the same age (all p < 0.05). Inhibition of HIF-1α by injection of PX-478 in OIR mice (P9-P16) caused a decrease in the retinal avascular area at P12 and P17 (both p < 0.05), NV areas at P17 (p < 0.05), Vegfa mRNA decreased at P12 and P17, as compared to control mice (p < 0.05), and VEGF-A and EPO protein levels at P12 and P17, as compared to control mice. Our study found that there were PX-478 both retina and vitreous body of OIR. Inhibition of HIF-1α by injection of PX-478 in OIR mice caused a decrease in the retinal avascular area at P12 and P17, NV areas decreased at P17, VEGF-A and EPO protein levels at P12 and P17. Endothelial cell migration assays and cell tube formation indication PX-478 attenuate cell migration and significantly weakened the cell cavity formation under the condition of hypoxia. CONCLUSION HIF-1α plays a main role in OIR and can be considered a therapeutic target in OIR by suppressing downstream angiogenic factors, PX-478 decreasing the retinal avascular area and NV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China, .,Department of Ophthalmology, Xian No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, China,
| | - Yang Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of 940 Military Command, Lanzhou, China
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Abstract
Recent breakthroughs in our understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of retinal vascular disease have allowed us to specifically target pathological angiogenesis while minimizing damage to the neurosensory retina. This is perhaps best exemplified by the development of therapies targeting the potent angiogenic growth factor and vascular permeability mediator, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Anti-VEGF therapies, initially introduced for the treatment of choroidal neovascularization in patients with age-related macular degeneration, have also had a dramatic impact on the management of retinal vascular disease and are currently an indispensable component for the treatment of macular edema in patients with diabetic eye disease and retinal vein occlusions. Emerging evidence supports expanding the use of therapies targeting VEGF for the treatment of retinal neovascularization in patients with diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity. However, VEGF is among a growing list of angiogenic and vascular hyperpermeability factors that promote retinal vascular disease. Many of these mediators are expressed in response to stabilization of a single family of transcription factors, the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), that regulate the expression of these angiogenic stimulators. Here we review the basic principles driving pathological angiogenesis and discuss the current state of retinal anti-angiogenic pharmacotherapy as well as future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannis M Paulus
- Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Akrit Sodhi
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway St., Smith Building, 4039, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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Cominetti MR, Altei WF, Selistre-de-Araujo HS. Metastasis inhibition in breast cancer by targeting cancer cell extravasation. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2019; 11:165-178. [PMID: 31114313 PMCID: PMC6497883 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s166725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The spread of cells from primary tumors toward distant tissues and organs, also known as metastasis, is responsible for most cancer-associated deaths. The metastasis cascade comprises a series of events, characterized by the displacement of tumor cells (TCs) from the primary tumor to distant organs by traveling through the bloodstream, and their subsequent colonization. The first step in metastasis involves loss of cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions, increased invasiveness and migratory abilities, leading to intravasation of TCs into the blood or lymphatic vessels. Stationary TCs must undergo the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in order to achieve this migratory and invasive phenotype. Circulating tumor cells that have survived in the circulation and left the blood or lymphatic vessels will reach distant sites where they may stay dormant for many years or grow to form secondary tumors. To do this, cells need to go through the mesenchymal-epithelial transition to revert the phenotype in order to regain epithelial cell-to-cell junctions, grow and become a clinically relevant and detectable tumor mass. This work will review the main steps of the metastatic cascade and describe some strategies to inhibit metastasis by reducing cancer cell extravasation presenting recent studies in the context of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia R Cominetti
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Wanessa F Altei
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Kelly SJ, Halasz K, Smalling R, Sutariya V. Nanodelivery of doxorubicin for age-related macular degeneration. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 45:715-723. [PMID: 30704311 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1569024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) containing doxorubicin (DOX) were prepared for the inhibition of hypoxia-induced factor 1α (HIF-1α). SIGNIFICANCE HIF-1α is responsible for the upregulation of several angiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). DOX inhibits HIF-1α but is highly toxic. By encapsulating DOX in NPs, drug delivery will be sustained and toxicity will be reduced without limiting efficacy. METHODS DOX NPs were prepared using both polylactic coglycolic acid (PLGA) and chitosan. PLGA NPs were prepared via nanoprecipitation (NPC) and single and double emulsion diffusion (SE; DE). Chitosan NPs were formulated using ionic gelation (IG), and complex coacervation (CC). Size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential (ZP) were determined via dynamic light scattering (DLS) (n = 3). The encapsulation efficiency (EE), drug loading capacity (DLC) (n = 3) and in vitro drug release profiles (IVR) at 37 °C (n = 4) were analyzed via spectroscopy at 480 nm (λmax). The cytotoxicity of each formulation as well as free DOX solution in ARPE-19 cells was determined via MTT assay after 24 h (n = 3). HIF-1α and VEGF inhibition in ARPE-19 cells were measured via ELISA (n = 3). RESULTS The results were consistent with the hypothesis; the NP formulations decreased HIF-1α and VEGF-A expression in ARPE-19 cells with reduced cytotoxicity. SE, DE, and CC demonstrated low ZP as well as the most rapid drug release of the tested formulations. FTIR confirmed the presence of DOX on the SE NP surface, indicating instability. CONCLUSIONS SE, DE, and CC destabilized. NPC was the most efficient formulation for the nanodelivery of DOX for AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon J Kelly
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Kathleen Halasz
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Rudy Smalling
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Vijaykumar Sutariya
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
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Liu J, Wada Y, Katsura M, Tozawa H, Erwin N, Kapron CM, Bao G, Liu J. Rho-Associated Coiled-Coil Kinase (ROCK) in Molecular Regulation of Angiogenesis. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:6053-6069. [PMID: 30613282 PMCID: PMC6299434 DOI: 10.7150/thno.30305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Identified as a major downstream effector of the small GTPase RhoA, Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) is a versatile regulator of multiple cellular processes. Angiogenesis, the process of generating new capillaries from the pre-existing ones, is required for the development of various diseases such as cancer, diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis. Recently, ROCK has attracted attention for its crucial role in angiogenesis, making it a promising target for new therapeutic approaches. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the role of ROCK signaling in regulating the permeability, migration, proliferation and tubulogenesis of endothelial cells (ECs), as well as its functions in non-ECs which constitute the pro-angiogenic microenvironment. The therapeutic potential of ROCK inhibitors in angiogenesis-related diseases is also discussed.
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Aflibercept Nanoformulation Inhibits VEGF Expression in Ocular In Vitro Model: A Preliminary Report. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6030092. [PMID: 30208574 PMCID: PMC6165497 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6030092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness in the United States, affecting approximately 11 million patients. AMD is caused primarily by an upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In recent years, aflibercept injections have been used to combat VEGF. However, this treatment requires frequent intravitreal injections, leading to low patient compliance and several adverse side effects including scarring, increased intraocular pressure, and retinal detachment. Polymeric nanoparticles have demonstrated the ability to deliver a sustained release of drug, thereby reducing the necessary injection frequency. Aflibercept (AFL) was encapsulated in poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) via double emulsion diffusion. Scanning electron microscopy showed the NPs were spherical and dynamic light scattering demonstrated that they were uniformly distributed (PDI < 1). The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading were 75.76% and 7.76% respectively. In vitro release studies showed a sustained release of drug; 75% of drug was released by the NPs in seven days compared to the full payload released in 24 h by the AFL solution. Future ocular in vivo studies are needed to confirm the biological effects of the NPs. Preliminary studies of the proposed aflibercept NPs demonstrated high encapsulation efficiency, a sustained drug release profile, and ideal physical characteristics for AMD treatment. This drug delivery system is an excellent candidate for further characterization using an ocular neovascularization in vivo model.
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Ronca R, Benkheil M, Mitola S, Struyf S, Liekens S. Tumor angiogenesis revisited: Regulators and clinical implications. Med Res Rev 2017. [PMID: 28643862 DOI: 10.1002/med.21452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since Judah Folkman hypothesized in 1971 that angiogenesis is required for solid tumor growth, numerous studies have been conducted to unravel the angiogenesis process, analyze its role in primary tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenic diseases, and to develop inhibitors of proangiogenic factors. These studies have led in 2004 to the approval of the first antiangiogenic agent (bevacizumab, a humanized antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor) for the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. This approval launched great expectations for the use of antiangiogenic therapy for malignant diseases. However, these expectations have not been met and, as knowledge of blood vessel formation accumulates, many of the original paradigms no longer hold. Therefore, the regulators and clinical implications of angiogenesis need to be revisited. In this review, we discuss recently identified angiogenesis mediators and pathways, new concepts that have emerged over the past 10 years, tumor resistance and toxicity associated with the use of currently available antiangiogenic treatment and potentially new targets and/or approaches for malignant and nonmalignant neovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ronca
- Experimental Oncology and Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mohammed Benkheil
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefania Mitola
- Experimental Oncology and Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra Liekens
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium
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Rey S, Schito L, Wouters BG, Eliasof S, Kerbel RS. Targeting Hypoxia-Inducible Factors for Antiangiogenic Cancer Therapy. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:529-541. [PMID: 28718406 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia (low O2) is a pathobiological hallmark of solid cancers, resulting from the imbalance between cellular O2 consumption and availability. Hypoxic cancer cells (CCs) stimulate blood vessel sprouting (angiogenesis), aimed at restoring O2 delivery to the expanding tumor masses through the activation of a transcriptional program mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Here, we review recent data suggesting that the efficacy of antiangiogenic (AA) therapies is limited in some circumstances by HIF-dependent compensatory responses to increased intratumoral hypoxia. In lieu of this evidence, we discuss the potential of targeting HIFs as a strategy to overcome these instances of AA therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rey
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Luana Schito
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Bradly G Wouters
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Robert S Kerbel
- Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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