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Pereira Filho AA, do Vale VF, de Oliveira Monteiro CM, Barrozo MM, Stanton MA, Yamaguchi LF, Kato MJ, Araújo RN. Effects of Piper aduncum (Piperales: Piperaceae) Essential Oil and Its Main Component Dillapiole on Detoxifying Enzymes and Acetylcholinesterase Activity of Amblyomma sculptum (Acari: Ixodidae). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5420. [PMID: 38791458 PMCID: PMC11121842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Amblyomma sculptum is a species of tick in the family Ixodidae, with equids and capybaras among its preferred hosts. In this study, the acaricidal activity of the essential oil (EO) from Piper aduncum and its main component, Dillapiole, were evaluated against larvae of A. sculptum to establish lethal concentration values and assess the effects of these compounds on tick enzymes. Dillapiole exhibited slightly greater activity (LC50 = 3.38 mg/mL; 95% CI = 3.24 to 3.54) than P. aduncum EO (LC50 = 3.49 mg/mL; 95% CI = 3.36 to 3.62) against ticks. The activities of α-esterase (α-EST), β-esterase (β-EST), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) enzymes in A. sculptum larvae treated with Dillapiole showed a significant increase compared to the control at all concentrations (LC5, LC25, LC50 and LC75), similar results were obtained with P. aduncum EO, except for α-EST, which did not differ from the control at the highest concentration (LC75). The results of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity show an increase in enzyme activity at the two lower concentrations (LC5 and LC25) and a reduction in activity at the two higher, lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC75) compared to the control. These results suggest potential mechanisms of action for these natural acaricides and can provide guidance for the future development of potential plant-derived formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalberto Alves Pereira Filho
- Laboratório de Artrópodes Hematófagos, Departamento de Parasitologia/ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Vladimir Fazito do Vale
- Grupo de Pesquisa Triatomíneos, Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-009, MG, Brazil;
| | - Caio Marcio de Oliveira Monteiro
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (C.M.d.O.M.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Mayara Macedo Barrozo
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (C.M.d.O.M.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Mariana Alves Stanton
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05424-140, SP, Brazil; (M.A.S.); (L.F.Y.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Lydia Fumiko Yamaguchi
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05424-140, SP, Brazil; (M.A.S.); (L.F.Y.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Massuo Jorge Kato
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05424-140, SP, Brazil; (M.A.S.); (L.F.Y.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Ricardo Nascimento Araújo
- Laboratório de Artrópodes Hematófagos, Departamento de Parasitologia/ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
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Cardoso ERN, Carvalho SF, Dias SA, Santos RA, Tavares MA, Neves LC, Paula WVDF, Pádua GT, de Lima NJ, Paludo RLDR, Silva IS, Bittencourt RBM, dos Santos GC, Nascimento FGDJ, de Paula LGF, Dantas-Torres F, Monteiro CMDO, Krawczak FDS. Susceptibility of Amblyomma sculptum, Vector of Rickettsia rickettsii, Ticks from a National Park and an Experimental Farm to Different Synthetic Acaricides. Pathogens 2023; 12:1304. [PMID: 38003769 PMCID: PMC10675591 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Amblyomma sculptum is a relevant tick species from a One Health perspective, playing an important role as a vector of Rickettsia rickettsii, the main agent of spotted fever rickettsiosis in Brazil. In this study, we evaluated the susceptibility of two A. sculptum populations from Goiás state (midwestern Brazil) to different acaricides. The first tick population (GYN strain) originated from an experimental farm, where the ticks are annually exposed to acaricides. The second (PNE strain) was collected in a national park (Emas National Park), where the ticks had not been exposed to acaricides. Immersion tests were conducted with 21-day-old laboratory-reared larvae and nymphs originating from adult ticks collected in the areas mentioned above. The chosen acaricides were two synthetic pyrethroids (cypermethrin and deltamethrin), one organophosphate (chlorfenvinphos), one formamidine (amitraz), and two combinations of pyrethroids and organophosphates (cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos and citronellal; cypermethrin, fenthion and chlorpyrifos). Mortality data were used to determine the lethal concentration (LC) values at which 50%, 90%, and 99% of the ticks died (LC50, LC90, and LC99, respectively), and resistance ratios (RR) were calculated based on the LC values. The RR revealed differences between the acaricide-exposed (GYN) and unexposed (PNE) tick strains. The PNE strain larvae and nymphs were susceptible to all the tested acaricides. The GYN strain larvae were tolerant to cypermethrin, whereas the nymphs were tolerant to deltamethrin, chlorfenvinphos, and the combination of cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, and citronellal (2 < RR ≤ 10). The GYN strain nymphs were resistant to amitraz (RR > 10). This is the first report of A. sculptum nymphs with resistance to amitraz and tolerance to deltamethrin, chlorfenvinphos, and the combination of cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, and citronellal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ennya Rafaella Neves Cardoso
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias—LADOPAR, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (E.R.N.C.); (S.F.C.); (S.A.D.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.T.); (L.C.N.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (R.L.d.R.P.); (R.B.M.B.); (G.C.d.S.); (F.G.d.J.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.)
| | - Stephani Félix Carvalho
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias—LADOPAR, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (E.R.N.C.); (S.F.C.); (S.A.D.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.T.); (L.C.N.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (R.L.d.R.P.); (R.B.M.B.); (G.C.d.S.); (F.G.d.J.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.)
| | - Sarah Alves Dias
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias—LADOPAR, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (E.R.N.C.); (S.F.C.); (S.A.D.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.T.); (L.C.N.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (R.L.d.R.P.); (R.B.M.B.); (G.C.d.S.); (F.G.d.J.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.)
| | - Rayane Almeida Santos
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias—LADOPAR, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (E.R.N.C.); (S.F.C.); (S.A.D.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.T.); (L.C.N.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (R.L.d.R.P.); (R.B.M.B.); (G.C.d.S.); (F.G.d.J.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.)
| | - Mariana Avelar Tavares
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias—LADOPAR, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (E.R.N.C.); (S.F.C.); (S.A.D.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.T.); (L.C.N.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (R.L.d.R.P.); (R.B.M.B.); (G.C.d.S.); (F.G.d.J.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.)
| | - Lucianne Cardoso Neves
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias—LADOPAR, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (E.R.N.C.); (S.F.C.); (S.A.D.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.T.); (L.C.N.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (R.L.d.R.P.); (R.B.M.B.); (G.C.d.S.); (F.G.d.J.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.)
| | - Warley Vieira de Freitas Paula
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias—LADOPAR, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (E.R.N.C.); (S.F.C.); (S.A.D.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.T.); (L.C.N.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (R.L.d.R.P.); (R.B.M.B.); (G.C.d.S.); (F.G.d.J.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.)
| | - Gracielle Teles Pádua
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias—LADOPAR, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (E.R.N.C.); (S.F.C.); (S.A.D.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.T.); (L.C.N.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (R.L.d.R.P.); (R.B.M.B.); (G.C.d.S.); (F.G.d.J.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.)
| | - Nicolas Jalowitzki de Lima
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias—LADOPAR, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (E.R.N.C.); (S.F.C.); (S.A.D.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.T.); (L.C.N.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (R.L.d.R.P.); (R.B.M.B.); (G.C.d.S.); (F.G.d.J.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.)
| | - Raquel Loren dos Reis Paludo
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias—LADOPAR, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (E.R.N.C.); (S.F.C.); (S.A.D.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.T.); (L.C.N.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (R.L.d.R.P.); (R.B.M.B.); (G.C.d.S.); (F.G.d.J.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.)
| | - Isabela Santos Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia, Ecologia e Controle de Carrapatos—LABEC, Centro de Parasitologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (I.S.S.); (C.M.D.O.M.)
| | - Raphaela Bueno Mendes Bittencourt
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias—LADOPAR, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (E.R.N.C.); (S.F.C.); (S.A.D.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.T.); (L.C.N.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (R.L.d.R.P.); (R.B.M.B.); (G.C.d.S.); (F.G.d.J.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.)
| | - Gabriel Cândido dos Santos
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias—LADOPAR, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (E.R.N.C.); (S.F.C.); (S.A.D.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.T.); (L.C.N.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (R.L.d.R.P.); (R.B.M.B.); (G.C.d.S.); (F.G.d.J.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.)
| | - Flavia Giovana de Jesus Nascimento
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias—LADOPAR, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (E.R.N.C.); (S.F.C.); (S.A.D.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.T.); (L.C.N.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (R.L.d.R.P.); (R.B.M.B.); (G.C.d.S.); (F.G.d.J.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.)
| | - Luiza Gabriella Ferreira de Paula
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias—LADOPAR, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (E.R.N.C.); (S.F.C.); (S.A.D.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.T.); (L.C.N.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (R.L.d.R.P.); (R.B.M.B.); (G.C.d.S.); (F.G.d.J.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.)
| | - Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Recife 50740-465, Brazil;
| | - Caio Marcio De Oliveira Monteiro
- Laboratório de Biologia, Ecologia e Controle de Carrapatos—LABEC, Centro de Parasitologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (I.S.S.); (C.M.D.O.M.)
| | - Felipe da Silva Krawczak
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias—LADOPAR, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (E.R.N.C.); (S.F.C.); (S.A.D.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.T.); (L.C.N.); (W.V.d.F.P.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (R.L.d.R.P.); (R.B.M.B.); (G.C.d.S.); (F.G.d.J.N.); (L.G.F.d.P.)
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Repellent and acaricidal activity of coconut oil fatty acids and their derivative compounds and catnip oil against Amblyomma sculptum. Vet Parasitol 2021; 300:109591. [PMID: 34678676 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out aiming to evaluate the repellent and acaricidal activity of major ingredient compounds from coconut oil including their methyl ester derivatives and catnip oil against nymphs and larvae of Amblyomma sculptum. Repellent candidates, coconut oil free fatty acids (coconut FFA mainly C12, C10 and C8 acid); lauric acid (C12 acid); capric acid (C10 acid); methyl laurate; methyl caprate and 10 % each of C12, C10 and C8 acid (1:1:1) in lavender oil formulation (CFA in lavender formula) and catnip oil (Nepeta cataria), were screened using a Petri dish bioassay to assess repellency. Catnip oil, methyl caprate, methyl laurate, and CFA in lavender formulation repelled ticks strongly (P < 0.05) at almost all times evaluated, with an average of 77.8-100% repellency. Some candidate repellents with consistent strong repellence observed were selected for further evaluation, with coconut CFA in lavender formula showing a repellency lasted up to 7 days, while those of catnip oil and methyl caprate were active for 4 and 3 days, respectively. For the acaricide test, five concentrations (2.5; 5; 10; 15 and 20 mg/mL) were evaluated using the larval packet test. Only CFA in lavender formula and two methyl esters showed acaricidal activity, with methyl laurate presenting the strongest toxicity at 15 mg/mL concentration, which was effective against more than 93 % of the tested larvae. Catnip oil caused no mortality of A. scultptum larvae in all concentrations tested.
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Borges DA, Cid YP, Avelar BRD, Ferreira TP, Campos DR, Santos GCMD, Alves MCC, Scott FB. In vitro acaricidal activity of different ectoparasiticide classes against Amblyomma sculptum larvae. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2020; 29:e003020. [PMID: 32756773 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612020052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Zoonoses are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Among them, Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF) is an important one that occurs in some regions of South America and can be transmitted by the "star tick" Amblyomma sculptum. Application of acaricides against the larval stage is important as strategy of population control. However, there is still a deficiency of studies on chemical control of A. sculptum and the present work aims to evaluate the in vitro acaricidal activity of cypermethrin, flumethrin, deltamethrin, fipronil, coumaphos and chlorpyrifos against A. sculptum larvae. Bioassays were performed using the larval immersion test method. A discriminatory analysis between the antiparasitic classes most used for tick control was carried out, which made it possible to determine the classes with higher potential for controlling A. sculptum larvae. Our results showed that A. sculptum larvae present highest sensitivity to the synthetic pyrethroid group, followed by the phenylpyrazole, organophosphate and macrocyclic lactone groups. These findings may support studies on improvement of tick control as in animals as in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Azevedo Borges
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - Yara Peluso Cid
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Institutos de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - Barbara Rauta de Avelar
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - Thais Paes Ferreira
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - Diefrey Ribeiro Campos
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Melina Cardilo Campos Alves
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - Fabio Barbour Scott
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
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Quadros DG, Johnson TL, Whitney TR, Oliver JD, Oliva Chávez AS. Plant-Derived Natural Compounds for Tick Pest Control in Livestock and Wildlife: Pragmatism or Utopia? INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11080490. [PMID: 32752256 PMCID: PMC7469192 DOI: 10.3390/insects11080490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ticks and tick-borne diseases are a significant economic hindrance for livestock production and a menace to public health. The expansion of tick populations into new areas, the occurrence of acaricide resistance to synthetic chemical treatments, the potentially toxic contamination of food supplies, and the difficulty of applying chemical control in wild-animal populations have created greater interest in developing new tick control alternatives. Plant compounds represent a promising avenue for the discovery of such alternatives. Several plant extracts and secondary metabolites have repellent and acaricidal effects. However, very little is known about their mode of action, and their commercialization is faced with multiple hurdles, from the determination of an adequate formulation to field validation and public availability. Further, the applicability of these compounds to control ticks in wild-animal populations is restrained by inadequate delivery systems that cannot guarantee accurate dosage delivery at the right time to the target animal populations. More work, financial support, and collaboration with regulatory authorities, research groups, and private companies are needed to overcome these obstacles. Here, we review the advancements on known plant-derived natural compounds with acaricidal potential and discuss the road ahead toward the implementation of organic control in managing ticks and tick-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo G. Quadros
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, San Angelo, TX 76901, USA; (D.G.Q.); (T.R.W.)
| | - Tammi L. Johnson
- Department of Rangelands, Wildlife and Fisheries Management, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, Uvalde, TX 78801, USA;
| | - Travis R. Whitney
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, San Angelo, TX 76901, USA; (D.G.Q.); (T.R.W.)
| | - Jonathan D. Oliver
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Adela S. Oliva Chávez
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-979-845-1946
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Allen K, Little S, Petersen M, Gruntmeir J, Barrett A, Herrin B, Starkey L, Sun F, Guerino F. Evaluation of oral fluralaner (Bravecto ®) for efficacy against nymphs of Amblyomma americanum and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato). Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:315. [PMID: 32552774 PMCID: PMC7302130 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amblyomma americanum and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato) nymphs commonly feed on and transmit pathogens to dogs (Canis familiaris). Control of immature and adult tick life stages is necessary to fully protect animals. We evaluated efficacy of oral fluralaner (Bravecto®) against induced infestations with A. americanum and R. sanguineus (s.l.) nymphs on dogs in two experiments. METHODS In each experiment, 10 dogs were administered oral fluralaner chewable tablets one time on Day 0 at a targeted minimum dose of 25 mg/kg body weight and 10 dogs remained non-treated controls. Dogs were infested with two groups of 50 A. americanum nymphs and two groups of 50 R. sanguineus (s.l.) nymphs on Days -1, 6, 28, 56 and 84. At 48 h and 72 h post-infestation, nymphs were collected from dogs, assessed as live or dead, and enumerated into categories defining attachment and engorgement status. Fluralaner efficacy was determined in separate analyses against all live nymphs and against live-fed nymphs, i.e. live nymphs that were attached to dogs at the time of collection and/or were engorged. Fluralaner was considered effective when mean numbers of live ticks were reduced in fluralaner-treated dogs by ≥ 90%. RESULTS Fluralaner efficacy against all live and live-fed A. americanum nymphs in the first experiment was > 94% on all collection days. Efficacy against all live R. sanguineus (s.l.) nymphs in the first experiment was > 96% on all collection days excluding the 48 h counts for infestations on Days 28 (83.7%), 56 (82.9%) and 84 (86.7%); efficacy against live-fed R. sanguineus (s.l.) nymphs was > 95% on all 48 h/72 h count days. Fluralaner efficacy against all live A. americanum nymphs in the second experiment was > 93% on all collection days for 8 weeks excluding the 48 h count for infestation on Day 56 (87.8%); efficacy against live-fed A. americanum nymphs was > 91% on all count days for 8 weeks. Efficacy against all live R. sanguineus (s.l.) nymphs in the second experiment was > 91% on all 72 h collection days except for infestations on Days 28 (76.8%) and 56 (86.3%); efficacy against live-fed R. sanguineus (s.l.) nymphs was 100% on all 72 h count days. CONCLUSIONS A single administration of oral fluralaner to dogs is effective against A. americanum and R. sanguineus (s.l.) nymphs for up to 12 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Allen
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078 USA
| | - Susan Little
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078 USA
| | | | - Jeff Gruntmeir
- Department of Comparative Diagnostics and Population Medicine, University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32611 USA
| | - Anne Barrett
- Merck Animal Health, Madison, New Jersey 07940 USA
| | - Brian Herrin
- Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas 66506 USA
| | - Lindsay Starkey
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, Alabama 36849 USA
| | - Fangshi Sun
- Merck Animal Health, Madison, New Jersey 07940 USA
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Wu Y, Gong Z, Shen Y, Qi Y, Ling F. The efficacy of propylene glycol alginate (PGA), a food additive, in controlling Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2018; 9:1532-1536. [PMID: 30082255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ticks and tick-borne pathogens threaten the health of both domestic animals and humans, and are associated with a high economic burden in many countries. Tick control can be achieved with chemical acaricides, but issues remain regarding their safety as well as emerging tick resistance. Propylene glycol alginate (PGA) is a food additive commonly used in China. It has been used to kill whiteflies in agriculture as an environmentally friendly insecticide. The aims of this study were to (i) explore the efficacy of PGA to kill Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks and (ii) assess the potential to develop a new tick control acaricide containing PGA and a reduced amount of synthetic pyrethroid. Beta-cypermethrin was chosen as the reference pyrethroid in this study. PGA, beta-cypermethrin and mixes (PGA and beta-cypermethrin formulated in proportions of A = 2:1, B = 1:1, and C = 1:2) were compared for efficacy to kill larval and adult H. longicornis ticks. Overall, we found no statistically significant differences in the killing efficacy of PGA as compared to beta-cypermethrin across examined time-points post-tick exposure. At 24 h post-tick exposure, similar killing efficacy for H. longicornis larvae was recorded for beta-cypermethrin alone, PGA alone, and mixed formulations B and C. Mixed formulation C had the strongest killing effect when compared to PGA alone or mixed formulation B. Similar outcomes were observed in experiments with adult H. longicornis ticks. Based on these findings, we propose that PGA can be useful as a tick control acaricide, either as a single active ingredient or formulated together with a pyrethroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Zhenyu Gong
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Ye Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia 101 Buck Rd, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Yunpeng Qi
- Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 486 Wenqiao Road, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Feng Ling
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Wu Y, Fu G, Guo S, Ye L, Hou J, Wang J, Gong Z. The effects of health education and promotion with regard to severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in rural residents: A pilot study in China. Biosci Trends 2017; 11:697-701. [PMID: 29269713 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2017.01252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) has spread throughout Asia, including China, South Korea, and Japan. In China, the main victims of SFTS were farmers. Measures to protect farmers were urgently needed but limited, and health education and promotion was proposed as an option. A pilot community trial was conducted to provide health education about SFTS in 2013 in Daishan County, Zhejiang Province, China, and results indicated that health education had promise. An educational campaign was conducted for three years. The incidence of SFTS decreased 0.3 per 1,000 person-years, and rural residents' awareness of SFTS increased substantially. Numerous habits or work practices that increased the likelihood of tick bites have also been changed. In the future, education could emphasize adopting healthy habits or work practices to reduce tick bites and thus reduce the incidence of SFTS, like regularly weeding around a house surrounded by shrubs, not sitting or lying on the ground when resting, and protecting one's self when doing farm work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Guiming Fu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Song Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Ling Ye
- Daishan County Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Juan Hou
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Jinna Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Zhenyu Gong
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
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Ziapour SP, Kheiri S, Asgarian F, Fazeli-Dinan M, Yazdi F, Mohammadpour RA, Aarabi M, Enayati A. First report of pyrethroid resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus larvae (Say, 1821) from Iran. Acta Trop 2016; 156:22-9. [PMID: 26772446 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus is one of the most important hard ticks parasitizing cattle in northern Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate pyrethroid resistance levels of this species from Nur County, northern Iran. The hard ticks were collected through a multistage cluster randomized sampling method from the study area and fully engorged female R. (B.) annulatus were reared in a controlled insectary until they produced larvae for bioassay. Seventeen populations of the hard ticks were bioassayed with cypermethrin and 12 populations with lambda-cyhalothrin using a modified larval packet test (LPT). Biochemical assays to measure the contents/activity of different enzyme groups including mixed function oxidases (MFOs), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and general esterases were performed. Population 75 showed a resistance ratio of 4.05 with cypermethrin when compared with the most susceptible field population 66 at the LC50 level. With lambda-cyhalothrin the resistance ratio based on LC50 was 3.67 when compared with the susceptible population. The results of biochemical assays demonstrated significantly elevated levels of GSTs and esterases in populations tested compared with the heterozygous susceptible filed population and a correlation coefficient of these enzymes was found in association to lambda-cyhalothrin resistance. Based on the results, pyrethroid acaricides may operationally fail to control R. (B.) annulatus in North of Iran. This study is the first document of pyrethroid resistance in R. (B.) annulatus populations from Iran.
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El-Bahy NM, Bazh EK, Shaheen HM. Efficacy of deltamethrin, diazinon, and ivermectin on Boophilus annulatus ticks (in vitro and in vivo study). Parasitol Res 2014; 114:29-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4129-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kelly PJ, Lucas HM, Randolph CM, Ackerson K, Blackburn JK, Dark MJ. Efficacy of slow-release tags impregnated with aggregation-attachment pheromone and deltamethrin for control of Amblyomma variegatum on St. Kitts, West Indies. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:182. [PMID: 24731252 PMCID: PMC3999386 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Amblyomma variegatum is an important cause of morbidity, mortality and economic losses in Africa and the West Indies. Attempts to control and/or eradicate the tick from the Caribbean have largely been unsuccessful because of difficulties relating to the biology of the three-host tick and problems with applying acaricides on a regular basis to free-ranging domestic ruminants. While plastic collars impregnated with insecticides are widely and effectively used in companion animals to control external parasites there is little information on this technology in ruminants. Methods Over 21 months we tested the efficacy of slow-release plastic tags impregnated with deltamethrin (7%) and aggregation-attachment pheromones (DPITs) in controlling A. variegatum on free-ranging cattle on two farms on St. Kitts. The tags were replaced every three months or when found to be lost. Results On sentinel animals fitted with tags containing only aggregation-attachment pheromones there were an average of 23.1 ticks per semi-monthly visit although this number varied considerably, peaking in the dry season around May and being lowest in August to October during the wet season. Significantly fewer ticks (3.5 on average) were found on cattle with DPITs at each visit (P < 0.001). Although the DIPTs provided good control (92% on average), they did not significantly reduce A. variegatum in the environment with tick numbers on sentinels being higher in the second year of the study, despite up to 44% of animals being fitted with DPITs. The tags were economical, costing 0.2% of the 1% flumethrin pour-on treatment widely recommended for A. variegatum control in the Caribbean. The major problem encountered was that 38% of tail tags were lost before they were due for replacement every three months. Conclusions Our study has shown that DPITs are cheap to produce, easy to place, only require handling of animals every three months, and are very effective in protecting cattle from A. variegatum. Before DPITs can be considered for eradication programs the problems needing to be addressed include loss of tail tags, particularly in thick vegetation, and the optimum number of animals that must be treated to reduce numbers of ticks in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Kelly
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre, St, Kitts and Nevis, West Indies.
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Alonso-Díaz M, Fernández-Salas A, Martínez-Ibáñez F, Osorio-Miranda J. Amblyomma cajennense (Acari: Ixodidae) tick populations susceptible or resistant to acaricides in the Mexican Tropics. Vet Parasitol 2013; 197:326-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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