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Wang H, Zhou J, Ma X, Jiao C, Chen E, Wu Z, Zhang Y, Pan M, Cui J, Luan C, Ge J. Dexamethasone enhances venetoclax-induced apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Med Oncol 2023; 40:193. [PMID: 37261571 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02056-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) therapies have been significantly improved by the development of medicines that can target BCL-2. On the other hand, non-recurrent alterations in oncogenic pathways and gene expression patterns have already been linked to therapeutic resistance to venetoclax therapy. Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) support leukemic cells in preventing chemotherapy-induced apoptosis by mitochondrial transfer in leukemic microenvironment. In this study, we investigated the enhancement of the antitumor effect of BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax by dexamethasone. In particular, dexamethasone had no significant effect on the viability of AML cells, but dexamethasone combined with venetoclax could significantly increase the apoptosis of AML cells induced by venetoclax. When AML cells were co-cultured with BM-MSCs, dexamethasone combined with venetoclax showed additional anti-tumor effect compared to venetoclax alone. Venetoclax increased reactive oxygen species level in co-cultured AML cells, contributed to transfer more mitochondria from BM-MSCs to AML cells and protect AML cells from apoptosis. Dexamethasone combined with venetoclax induced more apoptosis, but dexamethasone reduced the venetoclax-induced reactive oxygen species level in AML cells and reduced the transfer of mitochondria from BM-MSCs to AML cells. This may lead to a diminished protective effect of BM-MSCs on AML cells. Together, our findings indicated that venetoclax in combination with dexamethasone could be a promising therapy in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Junjie Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Changqing Jiao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Enbo Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Zhonghui Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Mengya Pan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Jianling Cui
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Chengxin Luan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Jian Ge
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
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Mitre-Aguilar IB, Moreno-Mitre D, Melendez-Zajgla J, Maldonado V, Jacobo-Herrera NJ, Ramirez-Gonzalez V, Mendoza-Almanza G. The Role of Glucocorticoids in Breast Cancer Therapy. Curr Oncol 2022; 30:298-314. [PMID: 36661673 PMCID: PMC9858160 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive steroid molecules secreted by the adrenal gland and regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. GCs present a circadian release pattern under normal conditions; they increase their release under stress conditions. Their mechanism of action can be via the receptor-independent or receptor-dependent pathway. The receptor-dependent pathway translocates to the nucleus, where the ligand-receptor complex binds to specific sequences in the DNA to modulate the transcription of specific genes. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and its endogenous ligand cortisol (CORT) in humans, and corticosterone in rodents or its exogenous ligand, dexamethasone (DEX), have been extensively studied in breast cancer. Its clinical utility in oncology has mainly focused on using DEX as an antiemetic to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. In this review, we compile the results reported in the literature in recent years, highlighting current trends and unresolved controversies in this field. Specifically, in breast cancer, GR is considered a marker of poor prognosis, and a therapeutic target for the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype, and efforts are being made to develop better GR antagonists with fewer side effects. It is necessary to know the type of breast cancer to differentiate the treatment for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, ER-negative, and TNBC, to implement therapies that include the use of GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma B. Mitre-Aguilar
- Unidad de Bioquimica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran (INCMNSZ), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Daniel Moreno-Mitre
- Centro de Desarrollo de Destrezas Médicas (CEDDEM), Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran (INCMNSZ), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Jorge Melendez-Zajgla
- Laboratorio de Genomica Funcional del Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | - Vilma Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Epigenetica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | - Nadia J. Jacobo-Herrera
- Unidad de Bioquimica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran (INCMNSZ), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Victoria Ramirez-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Cirugía-Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran (INCMNSZ), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Gretel Mendoza-Almanza
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Laboratorio de Epigenetica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
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3
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González-Ortiz A, Galindo-Hernández O, Hernández-Acevedo GN, Hurtado-Ureta G, García-González V. Impact of cholesterol-pathways on breast cancer development, a metabolic landscape. J Cancer 2021; 12:4307-4321. [PMID: 34093831 PMCID: PMC8176427 DOI: 10.7150/jca.54637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
ApoB-lipoproteins and their components modulate intracellular metabolism and have been associated with the development of neoplastic phenomena, such as proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and cancer invasion. In cancer cells, the modulation of targets that regulate cholesterol metabolism, such as synthesis de novo, endocytosis, and oxidation, are contributing factors to cancer development. While mechanisms associated with sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP-2)/mevalonate, the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) and liver X receptor (LXR) have been linked with tumor growth; metabolites derived from cholesterol-oxidation, such as oxysterols and epoxy-cholesterols, also have been described as tumor processes-inducers. From this notion, we perform an analysis of the role of lipoproteins, their association with intracellular cholesterol metabolism, and the impact of these conditions on breast cancer development, mechanisms that can be shared during atherogenesis promoted mainly by LDL. Pathways connecting plasma dyslipidemias in conjunction with the effect of cholesterol-derived metabolites on intracellular mechanisms and cellular plasticity phenomena could provide new approaches to elucidate the triggering factors of carcinogenesis, conditions that could be considered in the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina González-Ortiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, 21000 Mexicali, México
| | - Octavio Galindo-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, 21000 Mexicali, México
| | - Gerson N Hernández-Acevedo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, 21000 Mexicali, México
| | - Gustavo Hurtado-Ureta
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, 21000 Mexicali, México
| | - Victor García-González
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, 21000 Mexicali, México
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Clarisse D, Offner F, De Bosscher K. Latest perspectives on glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis and resistance in lymphoid malignancies. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188430. [PMID: 32950642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are essential drugs in the treatment protocols of lymphoid malignancies. These steroidal hormones trigger apoptosis of the malignant cells by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Long term glucocorticoid treatment is limited by two major problems: the development of glucocorticoid-related side effects, which hampers patient quality of life, and the emergence of glucocorticoid resistance, which is a gradual process that is inevitable in many patients. This emphasizes the need to reevaluate and optimize the widespread use of glucocorticoids in lymphoid malignancies. To achieve this goal, a deep understanding of the mechanisms governing glucocorticoid responsiveness is required, yet, a recent comprehensive overview is currently lacking. In this review, we examine how glucocorticoids mediate apoptosis by detailing GR's genomic and non-genomic action mechanisms in lymphoid malignancies. We continue with a discussion of the glucocorticoid-related problems and how these are intertwined with one another. We further zoom in on glucocorticoid resistance by critically analyzing the plethora of proposed mechanisms and highlighting therapeutic opportunities that emerge from these studies. In conclusion, early detection of glucocorticoid resistance in patients remains an important challenge as this would result in a timelier treatment reorientation and reduced glucocorticoid-instigated side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Clarisse
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Fritz Offner
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
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5
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Čikoš Š, Babeľová J, Špirková A, Burkuš J, Kovaříková V, Šefčíková Z, Fabian D, Koppel J. Glucocorticoid receptor isoforms and effects of glucocorticoids in ovulated mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos†. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:351-364. [PMID: 30188986 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate possible involvement of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in mediating effects of maternal stress or therapeutically administered glucocorticoids on early embryo, we analyzed the expression of GR subtypes in ovulated mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos. RT-PCR analysis results showed that GRα and GRγ transcripts are relatively highly expressed in mouse oocytes, and both transcripts are present at lower amounts in preimplantation embryos. We also detected low expression of two other splice variants, GRβ and a transcript orthologous to the human GR-P subtype, mainly at the blastocyst stage. Using western blot analysis, we detected several GR protein bands that differed in size between oocytes and preimplantation embryos. To compare the effects of corticosterone (a major endogenous glucocorticoid in rodents) and dexamethasone (a synthetic glucocorticoid) on early embryos, we cultured mouse preimplantation embryos in the presence of these glucocorticoids. Corticosterone showed a strong inhibitory effect on embryo development (starting from a 50 μM concentration), without a significant influence on apoptosis incidence. On the other hand, dexamethasone induced apoptosis in early embryo cells (starting from a 1.5 μM concentration), and its effect on embryo development was less detrimental than that found with the same dose of corticosterone. In summary, our results showed that different GR subtypes are expressed in ovulated mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos and that the composition of GR subtypes changes during early embryo development. Moreover, we found significant differences in the effects of the two glucocorticoids on early embryo development, which might be associated with activation of different GR subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Štefan Čikoš
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Janka Babeľová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Alexandra Špirková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ján Burkuš
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Kovaříková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Šefčíková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dušan Fabian
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Koppel
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej, Košice, Slovakia
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Kazemi-Darabadi S, Asadpour R, Shahbazfar AA, Alizadeh S. Effects of L-carnitine and betamethasone on ischemia-reperfusion injuries and sperm parameters following testicular torsion in a rat model. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2019; 10:125-132. [PMID: 31338145 PMCID: PMC6626646 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2019.74767.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Testicular torsion is a consequence of spermatic cord twisting which causes progressive damage to the structure of the testis and reduces sperm quality and usually results in infertility. In the present study, with the assumption of the protective effects of L-carnitine and betamethasone against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injuries, their effects on twisted testicles were evaluated and compared. Twenty Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups and used in this study. Except for the Sham (S) group, testicular IR was induced surgically in three other groups, including Control (C), Betamethasone (BM), and L-carnitine (LC) groups. Betamethasone and L-carnitine were injected before detorsion in the BM and LC groups, respectively. After twelve hours of reperfusion, the testicles were detached, and prepared for sperm parameters evaluation such as sperm count, motility, viability, morphology, and chromatin quality, and histopathologic evaluations, including mean seminiferous tubular diameter (MSTD), germinal epithelial cell thickness (GECT), and Johnsen's mean testicular biopsy scoring (MTBS). The MSTD, GECT, and healthy sperms in the C group were significantly lower than the other groups, while the BM and LC groups were significantly different from others in MTBS. The number of sperms and sperm motility in the BM group was significantly higher than the C group. Sperm viability in the BM and LC groups were significantly higher than the C group. The results of this study showed that both L-carnitine and betamethasone similarly can be effective in treating testicular IR injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Kazemi-Darabadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Asadpour
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Shahbazfar
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sajjad Alizadeh
- Graduate Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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7
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Mostafa MM, Rider CF, Shah S, Traves SL, Gordon PMK, Miller-Larsson A, Leigh R, Newton R. Glucocorticoid-driven transcriptomes in human airway epithelial cells: commonalities, differences and functional insight from cell lines and primary cells. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:29. [PMID: 30704470 PMCID: PMC6357449 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-018-0467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glucocorticoids act on the glucocorticoid receptor (GR; NR3C1) to resolve inflammation and, as inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), are the cornerstone of treatment for asthma. However, reduced efficacy in severe disease or exacerbations indicates a need to improve ICS actions. Methods Glucocorticoid-driven transcriptomes were compared using PrimeView microarrays between primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells and the model cell lines, pulmonary type II A549 and bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. Results In BEAS-2B cells, budesonide induced (≥2-fold, P ≤ 0.05) or, in a more delayed fashion, repressed (≤0.5-fold, P ≤ 0.05) the expression of 63, 133, 240, and 257 or 15, 56, 236, and 344 mRNAs at 1, 2, 6, and 18 h, respectively. Within the early-induced mRNAs were multiple transcriptional activators and repressors, thereby providing mechanisms for the subsequent modulation of gene expression. Using the above criteria, 17 (BCL6, BIRC3, CEBPD, ERRFI1, FBXL16, FKBP5, GADD45B, IRS2, KLF9, PDK4, PER1, RGCC, RGS2, SEC14L2, SLC16A12, TFCP2L1, TSC22D3) induced and 8 (ARL4C, FLRT2, IER3, IL11, PLAUR, SEMA3A, SLC4A7, SOX9) repressed mRNAs were common between A549, BEAS-2B and HBE cells at 6 h. As absolute gene expression change showed greater commonality, lowering the cut-off (≥1.25 or ≤ 0.8-fold) within these groups produced 93 induced and 82 repressed genes in common. Since large changes in few mRNAs and/or small changes in many mRNAs may drive function, gene ontology (GO)/pathway analyses were performed using both stringency criteria. Budesonide-induced genes showed GO term enrichment for positive and negative regulation of transcription, signaling, proliferation, apoptosis, and movement, as well as FOXO and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. Repressed genes were enriched for inflammatory signaling pathways (TNF, NF-κB) and GO terms for cytokine activity, chemotaxis and cell signaling. Reduced growth factor expression and effects on proliferation and apoptosis were highlighted. Conclusions While glucocorticoids repress mRNAs associated with inflammation, prior induction of transcriptional activators and repressors may explain longer-term responses to these agents. Furthermore, positive and negative effects on signaling, proliferation, migration and apoptosis were revealed. Since many such gene expression changes occurred in human airways post-ICS inhalation, the effects observed in cell lines and primary HBE cells in vitro may be relevant to ICS in vivo. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12920-018-0467-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Mostafa
- Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences graduate program, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christopher F Rider
- Department of Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Suharsh Shah
- Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Suzanne L Traves
- Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul M K Gordon
- Centre for Health Genomics and Informatics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Richard Leigh
- Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert Newton
- Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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8
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Erdem Kuruca S, Çetin MB, Akgün Dar K, Özerkan D. Protective effects of cytokine combinations against the apoptotic activity of glucocorticoids on CD34 + hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:67-77. [PMID: 30603917 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells can self-renew and produce progenitor cells, which have a high proliferation capacity. Chemotherapeutic drugs are toxic to normal cells as well as cancer cells, and glucocorticoids (GCs), which are essential drugs for many chemotherapeutic protocols, efficiently induce apoptosis not only in malignant cells but also in normal haematopoietic cells. Studies have shown that haematopoietic cytokines can prevent the apoptosis induced by chemotherapy and decrease the toxic effects of these drugs. However, the apoptosis induction mechanism of GCs in CD34+ haematopoietic cells and the anti-apoptotic effects of cytokines have not been well elucidated. In this study, we investigated the apoptotic effects of GCs on CD34+, a haematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) population, and demonstrated the protective effects of haematopoietic cytokines. We used a cytokine cocktail containing early-acting cytokines, namely, interleukin-3 (IL-3), thrombopoietin, stem cell factor and flt3/flk2 ligand, and dexamethasone and prednisolone were used as GCs. Apoptotic mechanisms were assessed by immunohistochemical staining and quantified using H-scoring. Dexamethasone and prednisolone induced apoptosis in CD34+ HSPCs. GC treatment caused a significant increase in apoptotic Fas, caspase-3, cytochrome c and Bax, but a significant decrease in anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. Furthermore, as expected, cytokines caused a significant decrease in all apoptotic markers and a significant increase in Bcl-2. Thus, our findings suggest that CD34+ HSPCs are an extremely sensitive target for GCs and that cytokines protect these cells from GC-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serap Erdem Kuruca
- Deparment of Physiology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Beyza Çetin
- Deparment of Physiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kadriye Akgün Dar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilşad Özerkan
- Department of Genetic and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey.
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9
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Trends in Analysis of Cortisol and Its Derivatives. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1140:649-664. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15950-4_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Schäfer J, Burhenne J, Weiss J, Theile D. Elucidating the beneficial effects of melphalan, adriamycin, and corticoids in combination with bortezomib against multiple myeloma in vitro. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 392:461-466. [PMID: 30554340 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-01602-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Combining bortezomib with other anti-cancer drugs or glucocorticoids is more efficient in multiple myeloma than bortezomib alone. However, the molecular mechanism of this beneficial effect is largely unknown. To investigate the effects of these compounds on bortezomib's anti-proliferative potency and its intracellular accumulation and potency to inhibit the chymotrypsin-like proteasomal subunit, seven myeloma cell lines were investigated after exposure to bortezomib alone or either combined with adriamycin plus dexamethasone (PAD regimen) or melphalan plus prednisolone (VMP regimen), respectively. PAD or VMP combinations did not alter cellular bortezomib uptake. However, PAD and VMP regimens increased bortezomib's chymotrypsin-like subunit inhibitory potency. This likely originates from indirect proteasome modulation, because adriamycin, dexamethasone, melphalan, or prednisolone did not inhibit this subunit when used alone. Strikingly, the anti-proliferative potency of bortezomib was not enhanced but slightly lowered in some cell lines when used in combinations. Adriamycin, dexamethasone, melphalan, or prednisolone can enhance bortezomib's chymotrypsin-like subunit inhibitory potency, likely by mechanisms indirectly influencing proteasome functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schäfer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Burhenne
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Weiss
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Theile
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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11
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Clarisse D, Van Wesemael K, Tavernier J, Offner F, Beck IM, De Bosscher K. Effect of combining glucocorticoids with Compound A on glucocorticoid receptor responsiveness in lymphoid malignancies. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197000. [PMID: 29738549 PMCID: PMC5940183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are a cornerstone in the treatment of lymphoid malignancies such as multiple myeloma (MM) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Yet, prolonged GC use is hampered by deleterious GC-related side effects and the emergence of GC resistance. To tackle and overcome these GC-related problems, the applicability of selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists and modulators was studied, in search of fewer side-effects and at least equal therapeutic efficacy as classic GCs. Compound A (CpdA) is a prototypical example of such a selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator and does not support GR-mediated transactivation. Here, we examined whether the combination of CpdA with the classic GC dexamethasone (Dex) may improve GC responsiveness of MM and ALL cell lines. We find that the combination of Dex and CpdA does not substantially enhance GC-mediated cell killing. In line, several apoptosis hallmarks, such as caspase 3/7 activity, PARP cleavage and the levels of cleaved-caspase 3 remain unchanged upon combining Dex with CpdA. Moreover, we monitor no additional inhibition of cell proliferation and the homologous downregulation of GR is not counteracted by the combination of Dex and CpdA. In addition, CpdA is unable to modulate Dex-liganded GR transactivation and transrepression, yet, Dex-mediated transrepression is also aberrant in these lymphoid cell lines. Together, transrepression-favoring compounds, alone or combined with GCs, do not seem a valid strategy in the treatment of lymphoid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Clarisse
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab (NRL) and Cytokine Receptor Lab (CRL), Department for Biomolecular Medicine, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research (LECR), Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karlien Van Wesemael
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research (LECR), Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab (NRL) and Cytokine Receptor Lab (CRL), Department for Biomolecular Medicine, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fritz Offner
- Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ilse M. Beck
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research (LECR), Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Health Sciences, Odisee University College, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab (NRL) and Cytokine Receptor Lab (CRL), Department for Biomolecular Medicine, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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12
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Wang HY, Chang YL, Cheng CC, Chao MW, Lin SI, Pan SL, Hsu CC, Liu TW, Cheng HC, Tseng CP, Liu SJ, Tsai HJ, Chang HY, Hsu JTA. Glucocorticoids may compromise the effect of gefitinib in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:85917-85928. [PMID: 27835586 PMCID: PMC5349885 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have shown remarkable benefits in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with drug-sensitive mutations in the EGFR gene. Responsive patients are usually continuously prescribed with TKIs until disease progression. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are potent homeostasis maintaining drugs and are frequently used in cancer patients to alleviate discomforts caused by anti-cancer therapies. Several previous studies reported that concomitant use of GCs may compromise the efficacy of chemo-therapeutics in patients with solid tumors. Little is known in the concomitant use of target therapy with GCs in treating NSCLC. In this study, we hypothesized that concomitant use of GCs in EGFR-TKI therapy may be detrimental and addressed this issue using cell cultures and xenograft studies followed by a retrospective population study based on data from the Taiwan national health insurance system. In cell cultures and xenograft studies, GCs were shown to unequally compromise the anti-cancer efficacy of TKIs in both PC9 and NCI-H1975 NSCLC cells models. In the retrospective population study, patients with similar disease status that were co-medicated with GCs had a significantly higher risk of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsian-Yu Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Chang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chun Cheng
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Min-Wu Chao
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Su-I Lin
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan.,National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Lin Pan
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Hsu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Tsang-Wu Liu
- Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chin Cheng
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan.,Miaoli General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Tseng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Liu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Tsai
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hsing-Yi Chang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan.,Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - John T-A Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
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13
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Huang GX, Qi MF, Li XL, Tang F, Zhu L. Involvement of upregulation of fibronectin in the pro‑adhesive and pro‑survival effects of glucocorticoid on melanoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:3380-3387. [PMID: 29257300 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are important stress hormones, which are used as a concomitant medication during malignant tumor chemotherapy. Clinical and preclinical studies have linked GCs to melanoma growth and progression. However, the effects and mechanism of action of GCs on the adhesion and survival of melanoma cells are still unknown. In the present study the effect of dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic GC, on fibronectin (FN) expression and its roles in regulating the adhesion and survival of melanoma cells were investigated. It was revealed that Dex significantly increased the levels of intracellular and secreted FN in melanoma cell lines by increasing glucocorticoid receptor‑mediated FN protein stability. Additionally, it was demonstrated that Dex (100 nM) significantly promoted the adhesion and survival of melanoma cells. Silencing FN expression abrogated the pro‑adhesive and pro‑survival effects of Dex in melanoma cells. Extracellular FN significantly enhanced melanoma cell adhesion and survival in the presence of cisplatin, whereas partially blocking extracellular FN signaling with a CD44 antibody significantly reduced FN‑enhanced adhesion and survival. This indicated that the upregulation of FN contributed to the pro‑survival effect of Dex by enhancing cell adhesion. It was also observed that activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by extracellular FN was involved in the FN‑mediated increase in melanoma cell survival. These findings increase understanding of the possible mechanisms by which GCs regulate melanoma cell adhesion and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Xiang Huang
- Department of Pathology, No. 181 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Min-Fang Qi
- Department of Pathology, No. 181 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Long Li
- Department of Cardiology, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Fang Tang
- Department of Pathology, No. 181 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
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14
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Kostopoulou ON, Mohammad AA, Bartek J, Winter J, Jung M, Stragliotto G, Söderberg-Nauclér C, Landázuri N. Glucocorticoids promote a glioma stem cell-like phenotype and resistance to chemotherapy in human glioblastoma primary cells: Biological and prognostic significance. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:1266-1276. [PMID: 29067692 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are glioblastoma (GBM) cells that are resistant to therapy and can give rise to recurrent tumors. The identification of patient-related factors that support GSCs is thus necessary to design effective therapies for GBM patients. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are used to treat GBM-associated edema. However, glucocorticoids participate in the physiological response to psychosocial stress, which has been linked to poor cancer prognosis. This raises concern that glucocorticoids affect the tumor and GSCs. Here, we treated primary human GBM cells with dexamethasone and evaluated GC-driven changes in cell morphology, proliferation, migration, gene expression, secretory activity and growth as neurospheres. Dexamethasone treatment of GBM cells appeared to promote the development of a GSC-like phenotype and conferred resistance to physiological stress and chemotherapy. We also analyzed a potential correlation between GC treatment and tumor recurrence after surgical excision in a population-based consecutive cohort of 48 GBM patients, adjusted for differences in known prognostic factors concerning baseline and treatment characteristics. In this cohort, we found a negative correlation between GC intake and progression-free survival, regardless of the MGMT methylation status. In conclusion, our findings raise concern that treatment of GBM with GCs may compromise the efficacy of chemotherapy and may support a GSC population, which could contribute to tumor recurrence and the poor prognosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourania N Kostopoulou
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Microbial Pathogenesis, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abdul-Aleem Mohammad
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Microbial Pathogenesis, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Microbial Pathogenesis, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurosurgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Julia Winter
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Microbial Pathogenesis, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Masany Jung
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Microbial Pathogenesis, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe Stragliotto
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Söderberg-Nauclér
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Microbial Pathogenesis, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalia Landázuri
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Microbial Pathogenesis, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Yin L, Fang F, Song X, Wang Y, Huang G, Su J, Hui N, Lu J. The pro-adhesive and pro-survival effects of glucocorticoid in human ovarian cancer cells. J Mol Endocrinol 2016; 57:61-72. [PMID: 27151574 DOI: 10.1530/jme-15-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) is controlled by multiple signaling molecules and intracellular pathways, and is pivotal for survival and growth of cells from most solid tumors. Our previous works demonstrated that dexamethasone (DEX) significantly enhances cell adhesion and cell resistance to chemotherapeutics by increasing the levels of integrin β1, α4, and α5 in human ovarian cancer cells. However, it is unclear whether the components of ECM or other membrane molecules are also involved in the pro-adhesive effect of DEX in ovarian cancer cells. In this study, we demonstrated that the treatment of cells with DEX did not change the expression of collagens (I, III, and IV), laminin, CD44, and its principal ligand hyaluronan (HA), but significantly increased the levels of intracellular and secreted fibronectin (FN). Inhibiting the expression of FN with FN1 siRNA or blocking CD44, another FN receptor, with CD44 blocking antibody significantly attenuated the pro-adhesion of DEX, indicating that upregulation of FN mediates the pro-adhesive effect of DEX by its interaction with CD44 besides integrin β1. Moreover, DEX significantly enhanced cell resistance to the chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel (PTX) by activating PI-3K-Akt pathway. Finally, we found that DEX also significantly upregulated the expression of MUC1, a transmembrane glycoprotein. Inhibiting the expression of MUC1 with MUC1 siRNA significantly attenuated the DEX-induced effects of pro-adhesion, Akt-activation, and pro-survival. In conclusion, these results provide new data that upregulation of FN and MUC1 by DEX contributes to DEX-induced pro-adhesion and protects ovarian cancer cells from chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Yin
- Department of PathophysiologyThe Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyChanghai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinglei Song
- Department of PathophysiologyThe Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of PathophysiologyThe Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaoxiang Huang
- Department of PathophysiologyThe Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Su
- Department of PathophysiologyThe Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Hui
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyChanghai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of PathophysiologyThe Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Taylor KM, Ray DW, Sommer P. Glucocorticoid receptors in lung cancer: new perspectives. J Endocrinol 2016; 229:R17-28. [PMID: 26795718 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Proper expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) plays an essential role in the development of the lung. GR expression and signalling in the lung is manipulated by administration of synthetic glucocorticoids (Gcs) for the treatment of neonatal, childhood and adult lung diseases. In lung cancers, Gcs are also commonly used as co-treatment during chemotherapy. This review summarises the effect of Gc monotherapy and co-therapy on lung cancers in vitro, in mouse models of lung cancer, in xenograft, ex vivo and in vivo The disparity between the effects of pre-clinical and in vivo Gc therapy is commented on in light of the recent discovery of GR as a novel tumour suppressor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerryn M Taylor
- Division of GeneticsSchool of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - David W Ray
- Manchester Centre for Nuclear Hormone Research and DiseaseInstitute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Sommer
- Division of GeneticsSchool of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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17
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Huang GX, Pan XY, Jin YD, Wang Y, Song XL, Wang CH, Li YD, Lu J. The mechanisms and significance of up-regulation of RhoB expression by hypoxia and glucocorticoid in rat lung and A549 cells. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1276-86. [PMID: 26915688 PMCID: PMC4929294 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)‐binding protein RhoB is an important stress sensor and contributes to the regulation of cytoskeletal organization, cell proliferation and survival. However, whether RhoB is involved in the hypoxic response and action of glucocorticoid (GC) is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of hypoxia or/and GC on the expression and activition of RhoB in the lung of rats and human A549 lung carcinoma cells, and further studied its mechanism and significance. We found that hypoxia and dexamethasone (Dex), a synethic GC, not only significantly increased the expression and activation of RhoB independently but also coregulated the expresion of RhoB in vitro and in vivo. Up‐regulation of RhoB by hypoxia was in part through stabilizing the RhoB mRNA and protein. Inhibiting hypoxia‐activated hypoxia‐inducible transcription factor‐1α (HIF‐1α), c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) or extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) with their specific inhibitors significantly decreased hypoxia‐induced RhoB expression, indicating that HIF‐1α, JNK and ERK are involved in the up‐regulation of RhoB in hypoxia. Furthermore, we found that knockdown of RhoB expression by RhoB siRNA not only significantly reduced hypoxia‐enhanced cell migration and cell survival in hypoxia but also increased the sensitivity of cell to paclitaxel (PTX), a chemotherapeutic agent, and reduced Dex‐enhanced resistance to PTX‐chemotherapy in A549 cells. Taken together, the novel data revealed that hypoxia and Dex increased the expression and activation of RhoB, which is important for hypoxic adaptation and hypoxia‐accelerated progression of lung cancer cells. RhoB also enhanced the resistance of cell to PTX‐chemotherapy and mediated the pro‐survival effect of Dex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Xiang Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Pan
- Department of Pathophysiology, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Duo Jin
- Department of Pathophysiology, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Lian Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang-Hui Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Dong Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Rychak E, Mendy D, Shi T, Ning Y, Leisten J, Lu L, Miller K, Narla RK, Orlowski RZ, Raymon HK, Bjorklund CC, Thakurta A, Gandhi AK, Cathers BE, Chopra R, Daniel TO, Lopez-Girona A. Pomalidomide in combination with dexamethasone results in synergistic anti-tumour responses in pre-clinical models of lenalidomide-resistant multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 2016; 172:889-901. [PMID: 26914976 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pomalidomide is an IMiD(®) immunomodulatory agent, which has shown clinically significant benefits in relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma (rrMM) patients when combined with dexamethasone, regardless of refractory status to lenalidomide or bortezomib. (Schey et al, ; San Miguel et al, 2013; Richardson et al, 2014; Scott, ) In this work, we present preclinical data showing that the combination of pomalidomide with dexamethasone (PomDex) demonstrates potent anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity in both lenalidomide-sensitive and lenalidomide-resistant MM cell lines. PomDex also synergistically inhibited tumour growth compared with single-agent treatment in xenografts of lenalidomide-resistant H929 R10-1 cells. Typical hallmarks of IMiD compound activity, including IKZF3 (Aiolos) degradation, and the downregulation of interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 4 and MYC, seen in lenalidomide-sensitive H929 MM cell lines, were also observed in PomDex-treated lenalidomide-resistant H929 MM cells. Remarkably, this resulted in strong, synergistic effects on the induction of apoptosis in both lenalidomide-sensitive and resistant MM cells. Furthermore, gene expression profiling revealed a unique differential gene expression pattern in PomDex-treated samples, highlighted by the modulation of pro-apoptotic pathways in lenalidomide-resistant cells. These results provide key insights into molecular mechanisms of PomDex in the lenalidomide-resistant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tao Shi
- Celgene Corporation, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Ling Lu
- Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ, USA
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19
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Chu W, Wei W, Yu S, Han H, Shi X, Sun W, Gao Y, Zhang L, Chen J. C2C12 myotubes inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by reducing the expression of glucocorticoid receptor gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 472:68-74. [PMID: 26896766 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a well-established risk factor to health for its relationship with insulin resistance, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Myocyte-adipocyte crosstalk model plays a significant role in studying the interaction of muscle and adipose development. Previous related studies mainly focus on the effects of adipocytes on the myocytes activity, however, the influence of myotubes on the preadipocytes development remains unclear. The present study was carried out to settle this issue. Firstly, the co-culture experiment showed that the proliferation, cell cycle, and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were arrested, and the apoptosis was induced, by differentiated C2C12 myotubes. Next, the sensitivity of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to glucocorticoids (GCs), which was well known as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis factor, was decreased after co-cultured with C2C12 myotubes. What's more, our results showed that C2C12 myotubes suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, indicating the potential mechanism of GCs sensitivity reduction. Taken together, we conclude that C2C12 myotubes inhibited 3T3-L1 preadipocytes proliferation and differentiation by reducing the expression of GR. These data suggest that decreasing GR by administration of myokines may be a promising therapy for treating patients with obesity or diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Chu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Shigang Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Haiyin Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Wenxing Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; College of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, PR China
| | - Ying Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Lifan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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20
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Kroon J, Puhr M, Buijs JT, van der Horst G, Hemmer DM, Marijt KA, Hwang MS, Masood M, Grimm S, Storm G, Metselaar JM, Meijer OC, Culig Z, van der Pluijm G. Glucocorticoid receptor antagonism reverts docetaxel resistance in human prostate cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:35-45. [PMID: 26483423 PMCID: PMC4657186 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to docetaxel is a major clinical problem in advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Although glucocorticoids (GCs) are frequently used in combination with docetaxel, it is unclear to what extent GCs and their receptor, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), contribute to the chemotherapy resistance. In this study, we aim to elucidate the role of the GR in docetaxel-resistant PCa in order to improve the current PCa therapies. GR expression was analyzed in a tissue microarray of primary PCa specimens from chemonaive and docetaxel-treated patients, and in cultured PCa cell lines with an acquired docetaxel resistance (PC3-DR, DU145-DR, and 22Rv1-DR). We found a robust overexpression of the GR in primary PCa from docetaxel-treated patients and enhanced GR levels in cultured docetaxel-resistant human PCa cells, indicating a key role of the GR in docetaxel resistance. The capability of the GR antagonists (RU-486 and cyproterone acetate) to revert docetaxel resistance was investigated and revealed significant resensitization of docetaxel-resistant PCa cells for docetaxel treatment in a dose- and time-dependent manner, in which a complete restoration of docetaxel sensitivity was achieved in both androgen receptor (AR)-negative and AR-positive cell lines. Mechanistically, we demonstrated down-regulation of Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 upon GR antagonism, thereby defining potential treatment targets. In conclusion, we describe the involvement of the GR in the acquisition of docetaxel resistance in human PCa. Therapeutic targeting of the GR effectively resensitizes docetaxel-resistant PCa cells. These findings warrant further investigation of the clinical utility of the GR antagonists in the management of patients with advanced and docetaxel-resistant PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kroon
- Department of UrologyLeiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Targeted TherapeuticsMIRA Institute for Biological Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The NetherlandsDepartment of UrologyMedical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Clinical OncologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDivision of Experimental MedicineImperial College London, London, UKDepartment of PharmaceuticsUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Department of UrologyLeiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Targeted TherapeuticsMIRA Institute for Biological Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The NetherlandsDepartment of UrologyMedical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Clinical OncologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDivision of Experimental MedicineImperial College London, London, UKDepartment of PharmaceuticsUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Puhr
- Department of UrologyLeiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Targeted TherapeuticsMIRA Institute for Biological Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The NetherlandsDepartment of UrologyMedical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Clinical OncologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDivision of Experimental MedicineImperial College London, London, UKDepartment of PharmaceuticsUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen T Buijs
- Department of UrologyLeiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Targeted TherapeuticsMIRA Institute for Biological Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The NetherlandsDepartment of UrologyMedical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Clinical OncologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDivision of Experimental MedicineImperial College London, London, UKDepartment of PharmaceuticsUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Geertje van der Horst
- Department of UrologyLeiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Targeted TherapeuticsMIRA Institute for Biological Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The NetherlandsDepartment of UrologyMedical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Clinical OncologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDivision of Experimental MedicineImperial College London, London, UKDepartment of PharmaceuticsUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle M Hemmer
- Department of UrologyLeiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Targeted TherapeuticsMIRA Institute for Biological Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The NetherlandsDepartment of UrologyMedical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Clinical OncologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDivision of Experimental MedicineImperial College London, London, UKDepartment of PharmaceuticsUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Koen A Marijt
- Department of UrologyLeiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Targeted TherapeuticsMIRA Institute for Biological Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The NetherlandsDepartment of UrologyMedical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Clinical OncologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDivision of Experimental MedicineImperial College London, London, UKDepartment of PharmaceuticsUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ming S Hwang
- Department of UrologyLeiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Targeted TherapeuticsMIRA Institute for Biological Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The NetherlandsDepartment of UrologyMedical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Clinical OncologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDivision of Experimental MedicineImperial College London, London, UKDepartment of PharmaceuticsUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Motasim Masood
- Department of UrologyLeiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Targeted TherapeuticsMIRA Institute for Biological Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The NetherlandsDepartment of UrologyMedical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Clinical OncologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDivision of Experimental MedicineImperial College London, London, UKDepartment of PharmaceuticsUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Grimm
- Department of UrologyLeiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Targeted TherapeuticsMIRA Institute for Biological Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The NetherlandsDepartment of UrologyMedical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Clinical OncologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDivision of Experimental MedicineImperial College London, London, UKDepartment of PharmaceuticsUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of UrologyLeiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Targeted TherapeuticsMIRA Institute for Biological Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The NetherlandsDepartment of UrologyMedical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Clinical OncologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDivision of Experimental MedicineImperial College London, London, UKDepartment of PharmaceuticsUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Department of UrologyLeiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Targeted TherapeuticsMIRA Institute for Biological Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The NetherlandsDepartment of UrologyMedical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Clinical OncologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDivision of Experimental MedicineImperial College London, London, UKDepartment of PharmaceuticsUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Josbert M Metselaar
- Department of UrologyLeiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Targeted TherapeuticsMIRA Institute for Biological Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The NetherlandsDepartment of UrologyMedical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Clinical OncologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDivision of Experimental MedicineImperial College London, London, UKDepartment of PharmaceuticsUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Onno C Meijer
- Department of UrologyLeiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Targeted TherapeuticsMIRA Institute for Biological Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The NetherlandsDepartment of UrologyMedical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Clinical OncologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDivision of Experimental MedicineImperial College London, London, UKDepartment of PharmaceuticsUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Zoran Culig
- Department of UrologyLeiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Targeted TherapeuticsMIRA Institute for Biological Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The NetherlandsDepartment of UrologyMedical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Clinical OncologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDivision of Experimental MedicineImperial College London, London, UKDepartment of PharmaceuticsUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gabri van der Pluijm
- Department of UrologyLeiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Targeted TherapeuticsMIRA Institute for Biological Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The NetherlandsDepartment of UrologyMedical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Clinical OncologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsDivision of Experimental MedicineImperial College London, London, UKDepartment of PharmaceuticsUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The NetherlandsDepartment of EndocrinologyLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Mechanisms of cyclic AMP/protein kinase A- and glucocorticoid-mediated apoptosis using S49 lymphoma cells as a model system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:12681-6. [PMID: 26417071 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1516057112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic AMP/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) and glucocorticoids promote the death of many cell types, including cells of hematopoietic origin. In wild-type (WT) S49 T-lymphoma cells, signaling by cAMP and glucocorticoids converges on the induction of the proapoptotic B-cell lymphoma-family protein Bim to produce mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Kin(-), a clonal variant of WT S49 cells, lacks PKA catalytic (PKA-Cα) activity and is resistant to cAMP-mediated apoptosis. Using sorbitol density gradient fractionation, we show here that in kin(-) S49 cells PKA-Cα is not only depleted but the residual PKA-Cα mislocalizes to heavier cell fractions and is not phosphorylated at two conserved residues (Ser(338) or Thr(197)). In WT S49 cells, PKA-regulatory subunit I (RI) and Bim coimmunoprecipitate upon treatment with cAMP analogs and forskolin (which increases endogenous cAMP concentrations). By contrast, in kin(-) cells, expression of PKA-RIα and Bim is prominently decreased, and increases in cAMP do not increase Bim expression. Even so, kin(-) cells undergo apoptosis in response to treatment with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (Dex). In WT cells, glucorticoid-mediated apoptosis involves an increase in Bim, but in kin(-) cells, Dex-promoted cell death appears to occur by a caspase 3-independent apoptosis-inducing factor pathway. Thus, although cAMP/PKA-Cα and PKA-R1α/Bim mediate apoptotic cell death in WT S49 cells, kin(-) cells resist this response because of lower levels of PKA-Cα and PKA-RIα subunits as well as Bim. The findings for Dex-promoted apoptosis imply that these lymphoma cells have adapted to selective pressure that promotes cell death by altering canonical signaling pathways.
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Lack of glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) deregulates B-cell survival and results in B-cell lymphocytosis in mice. Blood 2015; 126:1790-801. [PMID: 26276664 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-03-631580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GC) are widely used as antiinflammatory/immunosuppressive drugs and antitumor agents in several types of lymphoma and leukemia. Therapeutic doses of GC induce growth-suppressive and cytotoxic effects on various leukocytes including B cells. Molecular mechanisms of GC action include induction of GC target genes. Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) is a rapidly, potently, and invariably GC-induced gene. It mediates a number of GC effects, such as control of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Here we show that deletion of GILZ in mice leads to an accumulation of B lymphocytes in the bone marrow, blood, and lymphoid tissues. Gilz knockout (KO) mice develop a progressive nonlethal B lymphocytosis, with expansion of B220(+) cells in the bone marrow and in the periphery, dependent on increased B-cell survival. Decreased B-cell apoptosis in mice lacking GILZ correlates with increased NF-κB transcriptional activity and Bcl-2 expression. B cell-specific gilz KO mice confirmed that the effect of GILZ deletion is B-cell self-intrinsic. These results establish GILZ as an important regulator of B-cell survival and suggest that the deregulation of GILZ expression could be implicated in the pathogenesis of B-cell disorders.
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To C, Ringelberg CS, Royce DB, Williams CR, Risingsong R, Sporn MB, Liby KT. Dimethyl fumarate and the oleanane triterpenoids, CDDO-imidazolide and CDDO-methyl ester, both activate the Nrf2 pathway but have opposite effects in the A/J model of lung carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:769-81. [PMID: 25939751 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer accounts for the highest number of cancer-related deaths in the USA, highlighting the need for better prevention and therapy. Activation of the Nrf2 pathway detoxifies harmful insults and reduces oxidative stress, thus preventing carcinogenesis in various preclinical models. However, constitutive activation of the Nrf2 pathway has been detected in numerous cancers, which confers a survival advantage to tumor cells and a poor prognosis. In our study, we compared the effects of two clinically relevant classes of Nrf2 activators, dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and the synthetic oleanane triterpenoids, CDDO-imidazolide (CDDO-Im) and CDDO-methyl ester (CDDO-Me) in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage-like cells, in VC1 lung cancer cells and in the A/J model of lung cancer. Although the triterpenoids and DMF both activated the Nrf2 pathway, CDDO-Im and CDDO-Me were markedly more potent than DMF. All of these drugs reduced the production of reactive oxygen species and inhibited nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 cells, but the triterpenoids were 100 times more potent than DMF in these assays. Microarray analysis revealed that only 52 of 99 Nrf2-target genes were induced by all three compounds, and each drug regulated a unique subset of Nrf2 genes. These drugs also altered the expression of other genes important in lung cancer independent of Nrf2. Although all three compounds enhanced the phosphorylation of CREB, only DMF increased the phosphorylation of Akt. CDDO-Me, at either 12.5 or 50mg/kg of diet, was the most effective drug in our lung cancer mouse model. Specifically, CDDO-Me significantly reduced the average tumor number, size and burden compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Additionally, 52% of the tumors in the control group were high-grade tumors compared with only 14% in the CDDO-Me group. Though less potent, CDDO-Im had similar activity as CDDO-Me. In contrast, 61-63% of the tumors in the DMF groups (400-1200mg/kg diet) were high-grade tumors compared with 52% for the controls (P < 0.05). Additionally, DMF significantly increased the average number of tumors compared with the controls (P < 0.05). Thus, in contrast to the triterpenoids, which effectively reduced pathogenesis in A/J mice, DMF enhanced the severity of lung carcinogenesis in these mice. Collectively, these results suggest that although CDDO-Im, CDDO-Me and DMF all activate the Nrf2 pathway, they target distinct genes and signaling pathways, resulting in opposite effects for the prevention of experimental lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Karen T Liby
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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Abduljabbar R, Negm OH, Lai CF, Jerjees DA, Al-Kaabi M, Hamed MR, Tighe PJ, Buluwela L, Mukherjee A, Green AR, Ali S, Rakha EA, Ellis IO. Clinical and biological significance of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 150:335-46. [PMID: 25762479 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3335-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors, which exerts anti-proliferative and anti-apoptotic activities. The GR is expressed in a large proportion of breast cancer (BC) although levels generally decrease during cancer progression. This study aimed to determine the clinical and biological significance of GR expression using a large series of early-stage BC with long-term follow-up and BC cell lines. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression of GR in 999 cases of primary invasive BC prepared as tissue microarrays. Reverse phase protein microarray was used to assess the expression of GR in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Nuclear expression of GR was observed in 61.6 % of breast tumours and was associated with features of good prognosis including smaller tumour size and lower grade with less pleomorphism and low mitotic count. GR expression was positively correlated with expression of oestrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors. In ER-positive tumours, GR was associated with other features of favourable outcome including FOXA1, GATA3 and BEX1 expression, while low GR expression was associated with high Ki67, p53 and CD71 expression. GR expression is associated with features of good outcome but does not provide prognostic information independent of size, stage and grade. Understanding the receptor and its effects on BC behaviour is essential for avoiding any unwanted effects from the use of glucocorticoids in routine oncology practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Abduljabbar
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cell, Department of Histopathology, The University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK,
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25
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Lauriola M, Enuka Y, Zeisel A, D'Uva G, Roth L, Sharon-Sevilla M, Lindzen M, Sharma K, Nevo N, Feldman M, Carvalho S, Cohen-Dvashi H, Kedmi M, Ben-Chetrit N, Chen A, Solmi R, Wiemann S, Schmitt F, Domany E, Yarden Y. Diurnal suppression of EGFR signalling by glucocorticoids and implications for tumour progression and treatment. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5073. [PMID: 25278152 PMCID: PMC4205848 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction by receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and nuclear receptors for steroid hormones is essential for body homeostasis, but the cross-talk between these receptor families is poorly understood. We observed that glucocorticoids inhibit signalling downstream of EGFR, an RTK. The underlying mechanism entails suppression of EGFR's positive feedback loops and simultaneous triggering of negative feedback loops that normally restrain EGFR. Our studies in mice reveal that the regulation of EGFR's feedback loops by glucocorticoids translates to circadian control of EGFR signalling: EGFR signals are suppressed by high glucocorticoids during the active phase (night-time in rodents), while EGFR signals are enhanced during the resting phase. Consistent with this pattern, treatment of animals bearing EGFR-driven tumours with a specific kinase inhibitor was more effective if administered during the resting phase of the day, when glucocorticoids are low. These findings support a circadian clock-based paradigm in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Lauriola
- 1] Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel [2] Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Yehoshua Enuka
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Amit Zeisel
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Gabriele D'Uva
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Lee Roth
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Michal Sharon-Sevilla
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Moshit Lindzen
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Kirti Sharma
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nava Nevo
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Morris Feldman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Silvia Carvalho
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Hadas Cohen-Dvashi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Merav Kedmi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nir Ben-Chetrit
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Alon Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Rossella Solmi
- Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Stefan Wiemann
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fernando Schmitt
- 1] Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8 [2] Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4 [3] IPATIMUP, University of Porto, Porto 4200-465, Portugal
| | - Eytan Domany
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Tucci M, Stucci S, Savonarola A, Resta L, Cives M, Rossi R, Silvestris F. An imbalance between Beclin-1 and p62 expression promotes the proliferation of myeloma cells through autophagy regulation. Exp Hematol 2014; 42:897-908.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Singh N, Taylor K, Mjoli PB, Poolman T, Ray DW, Sommer P. The N-terminal transactivation domain of the glucocorticoid receptor mediates apoptosis of human small cell lung cancer cells. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2014; 53:999-1007. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nimisha Singh
- Division of Genetics; School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban South Africa
| | - Kerryn Taylor
- Division of Genetics; School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban South Africa
| | - Phiwokuhle B. Mjoli
- Division of Genetics; School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban South Africa
| | - Toryn Poolman
- Centre in Endocrinology and Diabetes; Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - David W. Ray
- Centre in Endocrinology and Diabetes; Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Paula Sommer
- Division of Genetics; School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban South Africa
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Integrated analysis of gene network in childhood leukemia from microarray and pathway databases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:278748. [PMID: 24822192 PMCID: PMC4009339 DOI: 10.1155/2014/278748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) have been used as therapeutic agents for children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) for over 50 years. However, much remains to be understood about the molecular mechanism of GCs actions in ALL subtypes. In this study, we delineate differential responses of ALL subtypes, B- and T-ALL, to GCs treatment at systems level by identifying the differences among biological processes, molecular pathways, and interaction networks that emerge from the action of GCs through the use of a selected number of available bioinformatics methods and tools. We provide biological insight into GC-regulated genes, their related functions, and their networks specific to the ALL subtypes. We show that differentially expressed GC-regulated genes participate in distinct underlying biological processes affected by GCs in B-ALL and T-ALL with little to no overlap. These findings provide the opportunity towards identifying new therapeutic targets.
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Schlossmacher G, Platt E, Davies A, Meredith S, White A. Glucocorticoid receptor-mediated apoptosis in small-cell lung cancer requires interaction with BCL2. Endocr Relat Cancer 2013; 20:785-95. [PMID: 24036132 DOI: 10.1530/erc-13-0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) tumours are highly aggressive. At the time of diagnosis, patients have often developed metastases, and overall prognosis is particularly poor, making effective treatment difficult. Novel mechanisms need to be identified as treatment targets. We have previously found low levels of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in SCLC cell lines and demonstrated that over-expression of GR increases tumour cell death both in vitro and in vivo. We hypothesise that low levels of GR impair its inhibitory effect on BCL2 and thus provide a survival advantage to SCLC cell lines. The mechanism behind GR-induced apoptosis is currently unknown; therefore, pro- and anti-apoptotic genes were investigated for their role in GR-mediated apoptosis signalling. We found that over-expression of wtGR via retroviral transduction causes the DMS 79 SCLC cell line to undergo caspase-mediated apoptosis within 72 h. Neither BAD nor BCL2L11 (BIM) mRNA and protein levels were affected by GR restoration implying that GR does not trigger apoptosis in the SCLC cell lines by up-regulating these pro-apoptotic genes. The anti-apoptotic BCL2 gene was significantly overexpressed in six SCLC cell lines and the BCL2 inhibitor ABT-737 increased apoptosis in all three cell lines tested. GR interacted with BCL2 in DMS 153, DMS 79 and COR-L42 cell lines, suggesting that a protein interaction between GR and BCL2 could play a role in GR-induced apoptosis. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanism for increasing GR expression in SCLC could provide novel treatment strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schlossmacher
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, 3.016 AV Hill Building, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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30
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Iwamoto A, Kawai M, Furuse M, Yasuo S. Effects of chronic jet lag on the central and peripheral circadian clocks in CBA/N mice. Chronobiol Int 2013; 31:189-98. [PMID: 24147659 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2013.837478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The disruption of the circadian clock by frequent shifts in the light-dark cycle, such as shift-work or frequent jet lag, increases the risk of many diseases, including cancer. Experimental disruption of the circadian clock also increases tumor development in mice, although most studies used the strains that are genetically impaired in melatonin synthesis and secretion. Here, we examined the effects of experimental chronic jet lag with 8 h advances of the light-dark cycle every 2 days for 10 days on the central and peripheral clocks of CBA/N mice, the strain with normal profiles of melatonin synthesis and secretion. Mice were exposed to constant darkness after the 10 days of chronic jet lag. In the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), chronic jet lag shifted the temporal expression of most clock genes examined without causing total disturbance of circadian oscillations. In the liver, the temporal patterns of Per1, Bmal1, and Dbp expression were phase-shifted, and Per2 expression was significantly upregulated by chronic jet lag. Further, the expression of cell cycle-related genes, c-Myc and p53 in the liver was significantly activated by the chronic jet lag schedule with a significant positive correlation between Per2 and p53 expression. We determined the plasma concentrations of melatonin and corticosterone as candidate hormonal messengers of chronic jet lag, but their overall levels were not affected by chronic jet lag. Moreover, the expression of the MT1 melatonin and glucocorticoid receptors in the liver was suppressed by chronic jet lag. These data suggest that in CBA/N mice, frequent advances of light-dark cycles modify the phases of central clock in the SCN and disturb the peripheral clock in the liver and apoptotic functions, which may be associated with the suppression of hormone receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Iwamoto
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
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Drakulić D, Veličković N, Stanojlović M, Grković I, Mitrović N, Lavrnja I, Horvat A. Low-dose dexamethasone treatment promotes the pro-survival signalling pathway in the adult rat prefrontal cortex. J Neuroendocrinol 2013; 25:605-16. [PMID: 23551329 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX), a highly potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agent, is widely used in the treatment of brain cancer, as well as for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The present study aimed to determine whether low-dose subchronic DEX treatment (100 μg/kg for eight consecutive days) exerts long-term effects on apoptosis in the adult rat prefrontal cortex (PFC) by examining the expression of cell death-promoting molecules [poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), p53, procaspase 3, cleaved caspase 3, Bax] and cell-survival molecules (AKT, Bcl-2). The results obtained revealed that body, thymus and adrenal gland weights, as well corticosterone levels, in the serum and PFC were reduced 1 day after the last DEX injection. In the PFC, DEX caused activation of AKT, augmentation of pro-survival Bcl-2 protein and an enhanced Bcl-2/Bax protein ratio, as well Bcl-2 translocation to the mitochondria. An unaltered profile with respect to the protein expression of apoptotic molecules PARP, procaspase 3 and Bax was detected, whereas p53 protein was decreased. Reverse transcriptase -polymerase chain reaction analysis showed a decrease of p53 mRNA levels and no significant difference in Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA expression in DEX-treated rats. Finally, a DNA fragmentation assay and Fluoro-Jade staining demonstrated no considerable changes in apoptosis in the rat PFC. Our findings support the concept that low-dose DEX creates a hypocorticoid state in the brain and also indicate that subchronic DEX treatment activates the pro-survival signalling pathway but does not change apoptotic markers in the rat PFC. This mechanism might be relevant for the DEX-induced apoptosis resistance observed during and after chemotherapy of patients with brain tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Drakulić
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINCA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Lee SR, Kim HK, Song IS, Youm J, Dizon LA, Jeong SH, Ko TH, Heo HJ, Ko KS, Rhee BD, Kim N, Han J. Glucocorticoids and their receptors: insights into specific roles in mitochondria. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 112:44-54. [PMID: 23603102 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) affect most physiological systems and are the most frequently used drugs for multiple disorders and organ transplantation. GC functions depend on a balance between circulating GC and cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor II (GR). Mitochondria individually enclose circular, double-stranded DNA that is expressed and replicated in response to nuclear-encoded factors imported from the cytoplasm. Fine-tuning and response to cellular demands should be coordinately regulated by the nucleus and mitochondria; thus mitochondrial-nuclear interaction is vital to optimal mitochondrial function. Elucidation of the direct and indirect effects of steroids, including GCs, on mitochondria is an important and emerging field of research. Mitochondria may also be under GC control because GRs are present in mitochondria, and glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) reside in the mitochondrial genome. Therefore, mitochondrial gene expression can be regulated by GCs via at least two different mechanisms: direct action on mitochondrial DNA and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) genes, or by an indirect effect through interaction with nuclear genes. In this review, we outline possible mechanisms of regulation of mitochondrial genes in response to GCs in view of translocation of the GR into mitochondria and the possible regulation of OXPHOS genes by GREs in the mitochondrial genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ryul Lee
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, 633-165 Gaegeum-Dong, Busanjin-Gu, 613-735 Busan, Republic of Korea
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Gruver-Yates AL, Cidlowski JA. Tissue-specific actions of glucocorticoids on apoptosis: a double-edged sword. Cells 2013; 2:202-23. [PMID: 24709697 PMCID: PMC3972684 DOI: 10.3390/cells2020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
First described for their metabolic and immunosuppressive effects, glucocorticoids are widely prescribed in clinical settings of inflammation. However, glucocorticoids are also potent inducers of apoptosis in many cell types and tissues. This review will focus on the established mechanisms of glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis and outline what is known about the apoptotic response in cells and tissues of the body after exposure to glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis affects the skeletal system, muscular system, circulatory system, nervous system, endocrine system, reproductive system, and the immune system. Interestingly, several cell types have an anti-apoptotic response to glucocorticoids that is cytoprotective. Lastly, we will discuss the pro- and anti-apoptotic effects of glucocorticoids in cancers and their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Gruver-Yates
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - John A Cidlowski
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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Pedrana G, Viotti MH, Souza E, Sloboda D, Martin GB, Cavestany D, Ortega HH. Apoptosis-Related Protein Expression During Pre- and Post-Natal Testicular Development After Administration of Glucocorticoidin uteroin the Sheep. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 48:795-802. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Pedrana
- Universidad de la República; Montevideo; Uruguay
| | - MH Viotti
- Universidad de la República; Montevideo; Uruguay
| | - E Souza
- Universidad de la República; Montevideo; Uruguay
| | - D Sloboda
- McMaster University; Hamilton; ON; Canada
| | - GB Martin
- UWA Institute of Agriculture M085; The University of Western Australia; Crawley; WA; Australia
| | - D Cavestany
- Universidad de la República; Montevideo; Uruguay
| | - HH Ortega
- Universidad Nacional del Litoral; Esperanza, Santa Fe; Argentina
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Selective glucocorticoid receptor translational isoforms reveal glucocorticoid-induced apoptotic transcriptomes. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e453. [PMID: 23303127 PMCID: PMC3563981 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Induction of T-cell apoptosis contributes to the anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic benefits of glucocorticoids. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) translational isoforms have distinct proapoptotic activities in osteosarcoma cells. Here we determined whether GR isoforms selectively induce apoptosis in Jurkat T lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Jurkat cells stably expressing individual GR isoforms were generated and treated with vehicle or dexamethasone (DEX). DEX induced apoptosis in cells expressing the GR-A, -B, or -C, but not the GR-D, isoform. cDNA microarray analyses of cells sensitive (GR-C3) and insensitive (GR-D3) to DEX revealed glucocorticoid-induced proapoptotic transcriptomes. Genes that were regulated by the proapoptotic GR-C3, but not by the GR-D3, isoform likely contributed to glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. The identified genes include those that are directly involved in apoptosis and those that facilitate cell killing. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that distinct chromatin modification abilities may underlie the distinct functions of GR isoforms. Interestingly, all GR isoforms, including the GR-D3 isoform, suppressed mitogen-stimulated cytokines. Furthermore, the GR-C isoforms were selectively upregulated in mitogen-activated primary T cells and DEX treatment induced GR-C target genes in activated T cells. Cell-specific expressions and functions of GR isoforms may help to explain the tissue- and individual-selective actions of glucocorticoids and may provide a basis for developing improved glucocorticoids.
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Martinho A, Gonçalves I, Santos CR. Glucocorticoids regulate metallothionein-1/2 expression in rat choroid plexus: effects on apoptosis. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 376:41-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1547-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Mansha M, Hussain A, Kofler A, Grubbauer C, Goetsch K, Ploner C, Kofler R. "Bam," a novel glucocorticoid-induced BH3-only transcript from the BCL2L11/Bim locus, does not appear to be translated. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 54:353-8. [PMID: 22762551 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.708928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones that induce cell death and cell cycle arrest in lymphoid tissues. By virtue of this property, GCs are widely exploited in the therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children. We reported a novel BH3-only transcript, "Bam," from the BCL2L11 locus, which was first described in patients with multiple myeloma. The Bam gene consists of two exons, and became of particular interest to us when we found that it was regulated in the majority of children with ALL and many in vitro systems in which GCs induce cell death. Being a BH3-only transcript, Bam retains a BH3 domain identical to that of Bim, although Bam has a unique C-terminus that is totally different from that of its relative Bim. The present work analyzes whether Bam is translated or not. Since we could not detect Bam in the endogenous situation, we evaluated its 5' untranslated region (UTR). This revealed that there are three out-of-frame initiation codons preceding the Bam open reading frame (ORF). Experiments with constructs without out-of-frame initiation codons and constructs harboring such codons in their 5' UTR revealed that Bam translation is handicapped by their presence. Moreover, there was no Kozak translational initiation sequence surrounding any of the AUGs. Taken together, results of the present study strongly suggest that this transcript is translated at a very low rate, if at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mansha
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria.
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Shi M, Du L, Liu D, Qian L, Hu M, Yu M, Yang Z, Zhao M, Chen C, Guo L, Wang L, Song L, Ma Y, Guo N. Glucocorticoid regulation of a novel HPV-E6-p53-miR-145 pathway modulates invasion and therapy resistance of cervical cancer cells. J Pathol 2012; 228:148-57. [PMID: 22287315 DOI: 10.1002/path.3997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are stress-responsive neuroendocrine mediators and play an important role in malignant progression, especially in solid tumours. We demonstrate a novel mechanism by which glucocorticoids modulate p53-dependent miR-145 expression in HPV-positive cervical cancer cells through induction of E6 proteins. We found that expression of miR-145 was reduced in cervical cancer tissues. Cortisol induced HPV-E6 expression and suppressed p53 and miR-145 in cervical cancer cells. MiR-145 expression in cervical cancer cells was wild-type p53-dependent, and cortisol-induced down-regulation of miR-145 expression prevented chemotherapy-induced apoptosis, whereas over-expression of miR-145 enhanced sensitivity to mitomycin and reversed the chemoresistance induced by glucocorticoids. We also show that miR-145 augments the effects of p53 by suppressing the inhibitors of p53 in cervical cancer cells, suggesting that miR-145 plays a role in p53 tumour suppression. Finally, we demonstrate that miR-145 inhibits both the motility and invasion of cervical cancer cells. Our findings identify a novel pathway through which the neuroendocrine macroenvironment affects cervical tumour growth, invasion and therapy resistance and show that miR-145 may serve as a target for cervical cancer therapy. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shi
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Reuter KC, Loitsch SM, Dignass AU, Steinhilber D, Stein J. Selective non-steroidal glucocorticoid receptor agonists attenuate inflammation but do not impair intestinal epithelial cell restitution in vitro. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29756. [PMID: 22295067 PMCID: PMC3266253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite the excellent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive action of glucocorticoids (GCs), their use for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) still carries significant risks in terms of frequently occurring severe side effects, such as the impairment of intestinal tissue repair. The recently-introduced selective glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonists (SEGRAs) offer anti-inflammatory action comparable to that of common GCs, but with a reduced side effect profile. Methods The in vitro effects of the non-steroidal SEGRAs Compound A (CpdA) and ZK216348, were investigated in intestinal epithelial cells and compared to those of Dexamethasone (Dex). GR translocation was shown by immunfluorescence and Western blot analysis. Trans-repressive effects were studied by means of NF-κB/p65 activity and IL-8 levels, trans-activation potency by reporter gene assay. Flow cytometry was used to assess apoptosis of cells exposed to SEGRAs. The effects on IEC-6 and HaCaT cell restitution were determined using an in vitro wound healing model, cell proliferation by BrdU assay. In addition, influences on the TGF-β- or EGF/ERK1/2/MAPK-pathway were evaluated by reporter gene assay, Western blot and qPCR analysis. Results Dex, CpdA and ZK216348 were found to be functional GR agonists. In terms of trans-repression, CpdA and ZK216348 effectively inhibited NF-κB activity and IL-8 secretion, but showed less trans-activation potency. Furthermore, unlike SEGRAs, Dex caused a dose-dependent inhibition of cell restitution with no effect on cell proliferation. These differences in epithelial restitution were TGF-β-independent but Dex inhibited the EGF/ERK1/2/MAPK-pathway important for intestinal epithelial wound healing by induction of MKP-1 and Annexin-1 which was not affected by CpdA or ZK216348. Conclusion Collectively, our results indicate that, while their anti-inflammatory activity is comparable to Dex, SEGRAs show fewer side effects with respect to wound healing. The fact that SEGRAs did not have a similar effect on cell restitution might be due to a different modulation of EGF/ERK1/2 MAPK signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin C. Reuter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Campus Riedberg, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Stefan M. Loitsch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Campus Riedberg, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Axel U. Dignass
- Department of Medicine I, Markus Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Campus Riedberg, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Jürgen Stein
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Campus Riedberg, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Elisabethen Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Crohn Colitis Centrum Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- * E-mail:
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HIRAYAMA H, USHIZAWA K, TAKAHASHI T, SAWAI K, MORIYASU S, KAGEYAMA S, MIURA R, MATSUI M, FUKUDA S, NAITO A, FUJII T, MINAMIHASHI A. Differences in Apoptotic Status in the Bovine Placentome between Spontaneous and Induced Parturition. J Reprod Dev 2012; 58:585-91. [DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2012-043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki HIRAYAMA
- Animal Biotechnology Group, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Hokkaido 081-0038, Japan
- Animal Biotechnology Group, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Hokkaido 081-0038, Japan
| | - Koichi USHIZAWA
- Animal Physiology Research Unit, Division of Animal Science, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
- Animal Physiology Research Unit, Division of Animal Science, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Toru TAKAHASHI
- Animal Physiology Research Unit, Division of Animal Science, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
- Animal Physiology Research Unit, Division of Animal Science, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Ken SAWAI
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Satoru MORIYASU
- Animal Biotechnology Group, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Hokkaido 081-0038, Japan
- Animal Biotechnology Group, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Hokkaido 081-0038, Japan
| | - Soichi KAGEYAMA
- Animal Biotechnology Group, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Hokkaido 081-0038, Japan
- Animal Biotechnology Group, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Hokkaido 081-0038, Japan
| | - Ryotaro MIURA
- Department of Clinically Veterinary Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
- Department of Clinically Veterinary Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Motozumi MATSUI
- Department of Clinically Veterinary Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
- Department of Clinically Veterinary Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Shigeo FUKUDA
- Animal Biotechnology Group, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Hokkaido 081-0038, Japan
- Animal Biotechnology Group, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Hokkaido 081-0038, Japan
| | - Akira NAITO
- Animal Biotechnology Group, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Hokkaido 081-0038, Japan
- Animal Biotechnology Group, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Hokkaido 081-0038, Japan
| | - Takashi FUJII
- Animal Biotechnology Group, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Hokkaido 081-0038, Japan
- Animal Biotechnology Group, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Hokkaido 081-0038, Japan
| | - Akira MINAMIHASHI
- Animal Biotechnology Group, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Hokkaido 081-0038, Japan
- Animal Biotechnology Group, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Hokkaido 081-0038, Japan
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Jing Y, Qian Y, Ghandi M, He A, Borys MC, Pan SH, Li ZJ. A mechanistic study on the effect of dexamethasone in moderating cell death in Chinese Hamster Ovary cell cultures. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 28:490-6. [PMID: 22140034 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dexamethasone (DEX) was previously shown (Jing et al., Biotechnol Bioeng. 2010;107:488-496) to play a dual role in increasing sialylation of recombinant glycoproteins produced by Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. DEX addition increased sialic acid levels of a recombinant fusion protein through increased expression of α2,3-sialyltransferase and β1,4-galactosyltransferase, but also decreased the sialidase-mediated, extracellular degradation of sialic acid through slowing cell death at the end of the culture period. This study examines the underlying mechanism for this cytoprotective action by studying the transcriptional response of the CHO cell genome upon DEX treatment using DNA microarrays and gene ontology term analysis. Many of those genes showing a significant transcriptional response were associated with the regulation of programmed cell death. The gene with the highest change in expression level, as validated by Quantitative PCR assays with TaqMan® probes and confirmed by Western Blot analysis, was the antiapoptotic gene Tsc22d3, also referred to as GILZ (glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper). The pathway by which DEX suppressed cell death towards the end of the culture period was also confirmed by showing involvement of glucocorticoid receptors and GILZ through studies using the glucocorticoid antagonist mifepristone (RU-486). These findings advance the understanding of the mechanism by which DEX suppresses cell death in CHO cells and provide a rationale for the application of glucocorticoids in CHO cell culture processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jing
- Biologics Process and Product Development, Technical Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, East Syracuse, NY 13057, USA
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Wang N, Han Y, Tao J, Huang M, You Y, Zhang H, Liu S, Zhang X, Yan C. Overexpression of CREG attenuates atherosclerotic endothelium apoptosis via VEGF/PI3K/AKT pathway. Atherosclerosis 2011; 218:543-51. [PMID: 21872252 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes (CREG) is a homeostasis-modulating gene abundantly expressed in adult artery endothelium. Previous studies have demonstrated a protective effect of CREG against atherosclerosis through prevention of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis. However, the role of CREG in endothelial cells (ECs) apoptosis and the underlying signaling mechanisms are unknown. METHOD AND RESULTS We ascertained that CREG expression was decreased in atherogenesis-prone endothelium in apolipoprotein E-null (apoE(-/-)) mice compared with their wild-type littermates using in situ immunofluorescent staining. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) staining and caspase-3 activity assays determined that treatment of apoE(-/-) mice arteries with staurosporine (STS) significantly induced endothelial apoptosis associated with a reduction of CREG expression. Gain- and loss-of-function analyses revealed that silencing CREG expression significantly enhanced ECs apoptosis, whereas CREG overexpression abrogated apoptosis stimulated by STS or etoposide (VP-16). Blocking assays using the neutralizing antibody for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the specific inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), such as LY294002 or wortmannin, demonstrated that the protective effect of CREG on ECs apoptosis was mainly mediated by activation of the VEGF/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that CREG plays a critical role in protecting the vascular endothelium from apoptosis, and the protective effort of CREG against ECs apoptosis is through the activation of the VEGF/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Shenyang Northern Hospital, Shenyang, China
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Vilasco M, Communal L, Mourra N, Courtin A, Forgez P, Gompel A. Glucocorticoid receptor and breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 130:1-10. [PMID: 21818591 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1689-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Stress enhances glucocorticoid (GC) synthesis, which alters inflammation and immune responses, as well as cellular proliferation and apoptosis in a number of tissues. Increasingly, stress has been associated with cancer progression, and in particular in breast cancer. Consequently, an operational glucocorticoid receptor system in breast tissue influences breast cancer development. In this review, we summarize the data on the GC/GR system in normal and tumoral breast tissue. We also review the molecular mechanisms by which GCs control apoptosis and proliferation in breast cancer models and how GCs alter the chemotherapy of breast cancer treatment when used in combination. Finally, we discuss the participation of GR in breast tumorigenesis under hormone replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Vilasco
- INSERM-UPMC, UMRS 938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint Antoine, 75012, Paris, France
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Gallo LI, Lagadari M, Piwien-Pilipuk G, Galigniana MD. The 90-kDa heat-shock protein (Hsp90)-binding immunophilin FKBP51 is a mitochondrial protein that translocates to the nucleus to protect cells against oxidative stress. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:30152-60. [PMID: 21730050 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.256610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Confocal microscopy images revealed that the tetratricopeptide repeat motif (TPR) domain immunophilin FKBP51 shows colocalization with the specific mitochondrial marker MitoTracker. Signal specificity was tested with different antibodies and by FKBP51 knockdown. This unexpected subcellular localization of FKBP51 was confirmed by colocalization studies with other mitochondrial proteins, biochemical fractionation, and electron microscopy imaging. Interestingly, FKBP51 forms complexes in mitochondria with the glucocorticoid receptor and the Hsp90/Hsp70-based chaperone heterocomplex. Although Hsp90 inhibitors favor FKBP51 translocation from mitochondria to the nucleus in a reversible manner, TPR domain-deficient mutants of FKBP51 are constitutively nuclear and fully excluded from mitochondria, suggesting that a functional TPR domain is required for its mitochondrial localization. FKBP51 overexpression protects cells against oxidative stress, whereas FKBP51 knockdown makes them more sensitive to injury. In summary, this is the first demonstration that FKBP51 is a major mitochondrial factor that undergoes nuclear-mitochondrial shuttling, an observation that may be related to antiapoptotic mechanisms triggered during the stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana I Gallo
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBYME/CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Dobos J, Kenessey I, Tímár J, Ladányi A. Glucocorticoid receptor expression and antiproliferative effect of dexamethasone on human melanoma cells. Pathol Oncol Res 2011; 17:729-34. [PMID: 21455635 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-011-9377-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone are widely used in cancer therapy and have cell type-specific pro- or antiapoptotic effects. We examined whether melanoma cells are sensitive to dexamethasone treatment. We have demonstrated for the first time that in human melanoma cell lines as well as in benign and malignant melanocytic tumors glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) is present both at mRNA and protein level. Dexamethasone applied at high doses inhibited the in vitro growth of WM983A human melanoma cells. The inhibitory effect was due to apoptosis induction. In the case of this relatively sensitive cell line dexamethasone enhanced the effect of the chemotherapeutic drug DTIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Dobos
- Center of Surgical and Molecular Tumor Pathology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.
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Lee MJ, Gong DW, Burkey BF, Fried SK. Pathways regulated by glucocorticoids in omental and subcutaneous human adipose tissues: a microarray study. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011; 300:E571-80. [PMID: 21189358 PMCID: PMC3279304 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00231.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GC) are powerful regulators of adipocyte differentiation, metabolism, and endocrine function and promote the development of upper body obesity, especially visceral fat stores. To provide a comprehensive understanding of how GC affect adipose tissue and adipocyte function, we analyzed patterns of gene expression (HG U95 Affymetrix arrays) after culture of abdominal subcutaneous (Abd sc) and omental (Om) adipose tissues from severely obese subjects (3 F, 1 M) in the presence of insulin or insulin (7 nM) plus dexamethasone (Dex, 25 nM) for 7 days. About 20% (561 genes in Om and 569 genes in sc) of 2,803 adipose expressed genes were affected by long-term GC. While most of the genes (90%) were commonly regulated by Dex in both depots, 26 in Om and 34 in Abd sc were affected by Dex in only one depot. 60% of the commonly upregulated genes were involved in metabolic pathways and were expressed mainly in adipocytes. Dex suppressed genes in immune/inflammatory (IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1, expressed in nonadipocytes) and proapoptotic pathways, yet induced genes related to the acute-phase response (SAA, factor D, haptoglobin, and RBP4, expressed in adipocytes) and stress/defense response. Functional classification analysis showed that Dex also induced expression levels of 22 transcription factors related to insulin action and lipogenesis (LXRα, STAT5α, SREBP1, and FoxO1) and immunity/adipogenesis (TSC22D3) while suppressing 17 transcription factors in both depots. Overall, these studies reveal the powerful effects of GC on gene networks that regulate many key functions in human adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jeong Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany St., Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Jiang N, Koh GS, Lim JY, Kham SK, Ariffin H, Chew FT, Yeoh AE. BIM is a prognostic biomarker for early prednisolone response in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Exp Hematol 2011; 39:321-9, 329.e1-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2010.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Benish M, Ben-Eliyahu S. Surgery as a double-edged sword: a clinically feasible approach to overcome the metastasis-promoting effects of surgery by blunting stress and prostaglandin responses. Cancers (Basel) 2010; 2:1929-51. [PMID: 24281210 PMCID: PMC3840453 DOI: 10.3390/cancers2041929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 11/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgery remains an essential therapeutic approach for most solid malignancies, including breast cancer. However, surgery also constitutes a risk factor for promotion of pre-existing micrometastases and the initiation of new metastases through several mechanisms, including the release of prostaglandins and stress hormones (e.g., catecholamines and glucocorticoids). However, the perioperative period also presents an opportunity for cell mediated immunity (CMI) and other mechanisms to eradicate or control minimal residual disease, provided that the deleterious effects of surgery are minimized. Here, we discuss the key role of endogenous stress hormones and prostaglandins in promoting the metastatic process through their direct impact on malignant cells, and through their deleterious impact on anti-cancer CMI. We further discuss the effects of anesthetic techniques, the extent of surgery, pain alleviation, and timing within the menstrual cycle with respect to their impact on tumor recurrence and physiological stress responses. Last, we suggest an attractive perioperative drug regimen, based on a combination of a cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor and a β-adrenergic blocker, which we found effective in attenuating immune suppression and the metastasis-promoting effects of surgery in several tumor models. This regimen is clinically applicable, and could potentially promote disease free survival in patients operated for breast and other types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marganit Benish
- Neuroimmunology Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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Jing H, Wang J, Yang P, Ke X, Xia G, Chen B. Magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles and chemotherapy agents interact synergistically to induce apoptosis in lymphoma cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2010; 5:999-1004. [PMID: 21187919 PMCID: PMC3010162 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s14957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential effects of combination therapy using magnetic nanoparticles of Fe3O4 (MNP-Fe3O4) and chemotherapeutic drugs on lymphoma cells. Proliferation, inhibition, and viability of Raji cells were detected by MTT and trypan blue exclusion. The percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry using fluorescein isothiocyanate-annexin V and propidium iodide staining. p53 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) protein levels were measured by Western blot. The results showed that proliferation of Raji cells was inhibited by adriamycin or daunorubicin in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Cell sensitivity was improved and the 50% inhibitory concentrations of adriamycin and daunorubicin decreased when combined with a MNP-Fe3O4 carrier. Interestingly, increased apoptosis in Raji lymphoma cells was accompanied by upregulation of p53 protein and downregulation of NF-κB protein. Furthermore, the combination of MNP-Fe3O4 with adriamycin or daunorubicin increased p53 protein levels and decreased NF-κB protein levels more than adriamycin or daunorubicin alone, indicating that MNP-Fe3O4 could enhance the effect of chemotherapeutic drugs on p53 and NF-κB. Similar results for cell apoptosis and protein expression were not observed for the groups treated with dexamethasone ± MNP-Fe 3O4 (P > 0.05). These findings suggest a potential clinical application for MNP-Fe3O4 in combination with daunorubicin or adriamycin in the treatment of lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Jing
- Department of Hematology and Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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