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Lutmer A, Walker AM. Patterns of Verbal and Nonverbal Communication During Sex. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 53:1449-1462. [PMID: 38361172 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-024-02811-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Sexual communication functions as an important relational process expediating satisfying sexual experiences (Sprecher & Hendrick, 2004). Much of the existing literature on sexual communication concerning sexual pleasure biases verbal communication (Babin, 2012). This study adds to the existing research regarding patterns of communication surrounding sex and during sex through qualitative analysis. Further, this inquiry focused on participants' full histories, rather than their tendencies within any current relationship. We analyzed 78 qualitative interview transcripts from participants between the ages of 18 and 69. Participants reported a reluctance to communicate anything but pleasure, discomfort, or dislike during sex to avoid discouraging their partners. Though participants reported a perception that communicating pleasure served as encouragement and affirmation to their partners, most preferred to communicate pleasure nonverbally. Some participants reported a tendency to communicate pain or dislike verbally. Some preferred communication about sexual topics only before or after sexual activities. Participants shared that a high level of comfort with their partner increased sexual communication. How sexual partners communicate sex not only affects pleasure but can only affect intimacy between partners and health. This adds to the scant literature on nonverbal communication during sex and some people's preference for that style (Blunt-Vinti et al., 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Lutmer
- Department of Sociology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alicia M Walker
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Gerontology, Missouri State University, 901 S National Ave., Strong Hall 466, Springfield, MO, 65810, USA.
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Séguin LJ. "I've Learned to Convert My Sensations into Sounds": Understanding During-Sex Sexual Communication. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2024; 61:169-183. [PMID: 36269285 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2022.2134284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Research generally supports the idea that sexual communication is beneficial to partners in committed relationships. However, much existing sexual communication research has a verbal communication bias and has examined sexual communication in non-sexual contexts, neglecting a wide variability of other forms of communication that occur during sex. Thus, from a sexual scripts theoretical framework, the purpose of the present study was to: (1) explore how individuals communicate needs, desires, pleasure, and displeasure to their partners during sex; (2) investigate perceptions of during-sex sexual communication's purposes; and (3) document individuals' perceived barriers and facilitators to during-sex sexual communication. Data from 27 interviews conducted among individuals in committed different-gender relationships (15 women, 11 men, 1 queer person; 21-68 years old), were analyzed using thematic analysis. Participants reported communicating using a combination of verbal, vocal, and bodily forms of communication. Most participants indicated that communicating during sex increased sexual pleasure and emotional intimacy and was useful for clarifying doubts and reducing insecurities. Many individuals nonetheless reported avoiding verbal communication during sex to preserve the mood, protect a partner's feelings, and avoid experiencing negative emotions and a partner's judgment. Sexual communication was also described as a skill that is developed over time and through the development of sexual subjectivity. Implications for sexual script theory and future sexual communication research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa J Séguin
- Department of Sexology, Université du Québec À Montréal
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Chen J, van den Bos E, Karch JD, Westenberg PM. Social anxiety is related to reduced face gaze during a naturalistic social interaction. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2023; 36:460-474. [PMID: 36153759 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2022.2125961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social anxiety has long been related to reduced eye contact, and this feature is seen as a causal and a maintaining factor of social anxiety disorder. The present research adds to the literature by investigating the relationship between social anxiety and visual avoidance of faces in a reciprocal face-to-face conversation, while taking into account two aspects of conversations as potential moderating factors: conversational role and level of intimacy. METHOD Eighty-five female students (17-25 years) completed the Leibowitz Social Anxiety Scale and had a face-to-face getting-acquainted conversation with a female confederate. We alternated conversational role (talking versus listening) and manipulated intimacy of the topics (low versus high). Participants' gaze behavior was registered with Tobii eye-tracking glasses. Three dependent measures were extracted regarding fixations on the face of the confederate: total duration, proportion of fixations, and mean duration. RESULTS The results revealed that higher levels of social anxiety were associated with reduced face gaze on all three measures. The relation with total fixation duration was stronger for low intimate topics. The relation with mean fixation duration was stronger during listening than during speaking. CONCLUSION The results highlight the importance of studying gaze behavior in a naturalistic social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemiao Chen
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Julian D Karch
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Rokach A, Clayton S. The Consequences of Child Abuse. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11111650. [PMID: 37297790 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11111650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the consequences of early adverse experiences across various domains of life. Drawing on the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) conceptual framework, we discuss the ACE pyramid and the varying degrees of consequences that ACE exposure may elicit. Using online search engines such as Google Scholar, the authors sifted through empirical research to locate relevant articles and research to help prepare this review. This article sheds light on the implications of ACEs for health, socio-emotional and psychosocial well-being, relationships, personality, and cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Rokach
- Psychology Department., Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Shauna Clayton
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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Couture S, Vaillancourt-Morel MP, Hébert M, Fernet M. Associations between Conflict Negotiation Strategies, Sexual Comfort, and Sexual Satisfaction in Adolescent Romantic Relationships. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2023; 60:305-314. [PMID: 35230217 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2022.2043230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Achieving healthy and satisfying sexual relationships is a major developmental task in adolescence, but factors promoting sexual satisfaction among adolescent romantic relationships remain underexplored. Since sexuality is shaped by relational experiences, strategies mobilized to negotiate conflicts in romantic relationships could be related to sexual satisfaction through comfort in negotiating sexual experiences. Sexual comfort refers to the ease of discussing sexuality, and feeling comfortable with one's own sexual life and with others' sexual behaviors. This cross-sectional dyadic study examined the mediating role of sexual comfort in the associations between perceived conflict negotiation strategies and sexual satisfaction among adolescent romantic dyads. The actor-partner interdependence model guided the analyses of self-reported questionnaires from 104 mixed- and same-sex dyads (Mage = 18.99 years, SD = 1.51). An adolescent's higher compromise and lower submission were related to their own higher sexual satisfaction via their own higher sexual comfort. The results also revealed a direct association between an adolescent's higher domination and their own lower sexual satisfaction. These findings underscore the importance of considering conflict negotiation strategies and sexual comfort as key factors related to adolescents' sexual satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mylène Fernet
- Department of Sexology, Université du Québec À Montréal
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Mueller NE, Cougle JR. Building Closer Friendships in social anxiety disorder: A randomized control trial of an internet-based intervention. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2023; 78:101799. [PMID: 36435541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Loneliness is an important factor in mental and physical health. People with social anxiety disorder (SAD) often report high levels of loneliness, which may be maintained by difficulties with intimacy. Building Closer Friendships (BCF) is a technology-based intervention we developed to reduce loneliness through reducing fear of intimacy in individuals with SAD. METHODS A sample of individuals with current SAD (N = 55), were randomized to BCF or waitlist control conditions and completed self-report assessments of loneliness, fear of intimacy, social anxiety and other outcomes throughout the study. An in vivo conversation task was also administered at post-treatment to assess distress and perceived disclosure, warmth, and friendliness of participants when interacting with a stranger. RESULTS In the intent-to-treat analyses, the BCF group reported lower fear of intimacy at post-treatment compared to the control group. Among completers, BCF led to lower fear of intimacy at post-treatment and follow-up, and lower loneliness and depression at follow-up compared to the waitlist control. No treatment effects were found in the conversation task or for other symptom outcomes, including social anxiety. Analyses of treatment components revealed that the frequency of emotional check-ins with friends was associated with reductions in loneliness and depression. LIMITATIONS The study was limited by the sample of primarily undergraduate college students, and use of self-report measures. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study found modest support for BCF as a computerized intervention to reduce fear of intimacy and loneliness in individuals with SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora E Mueller
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Jesse R Cougle
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
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Galizia R, Theodorou A, Simonelli C, Lai C, Nimbi FM. Sexual Satisfaction Mediates the Effects of the Quality of Dyadic Sexual Communication on the Degree of Perceived Sexual Desire Discrepancy. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11050648. [PMID: 36900654 PMCID: PMC10001296 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11050648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Difficulties related to sexual desire discrepancy are among the most common complaints in people seeking help in therapy. The aims of the current study were to test a mediation model using a bootstrapping procedure where the quality of the dyadic sexual communication plays a key role in increasing or diminishing the degree of perceived sexual desire discrepancy through sexual satisfaction. An online survey was administered through social media to N = 369 participants involved in a romantic relationship, measuring the quality of dyadic sexual communication, sexual satisfaction, the degree of the perceived sexual desire discrepancy, and a series of relevant covariates. As expected, the mediation model showed that a better quality of dyadic sexual communication is related to a lower degree of perceived sexual desire discrepancy through increased sexual satisfaction (β = -0.17, SE = 0.05, [95% CI = -0.27, -0.07]). The effect held over and above the effect of the relevant covariates. The theoretical and practical implications of the present study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Galizia
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical and Health Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (F.M.N.)
| | | | - Chiara Simonelli
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical and Health Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Lai
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical and Health Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Maria Nimbi
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical and Health Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (F.M.N.)
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The impact of particular safety behaviours on perceived likeability and authenticity during interpersonal interactions in social anxiety disorder. Behav Cogn Psychother 2023; 51:46-60. [PMID: 36377520 DOI: 10.1017/s1352465822000492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safety behaviours are hypothesized to play a vital role in maintaining social anxiety disorder (SAD), in part by orienting socially anxious individuals to adopt an avoidance-based mindset focused on self-protection and self-concealment. Evidence suggests an association between safety behaviour use and negative social outcomes for individuals with SAD. However, research has largely focused on the broad group of safety behaviours, whereas specific subtypes have received less attention. AIM The present study aimed to further our understanding of the negative interpersonal consequences of specific types of safety behaviours for individuals with SAD by examining whether active, inhibiting/restricting, or physical symptom management safety behaviour use affects perceived likeability and authenticity during a conversation with a stranger. METHOD Individuals with SAD (n = 29; mean age 35.5 years) and healthy control (non-SAD) participants (n = 40; mean age 18.6 years) engaged in a semi-structured social interaction with trained confederates. RESULTS Participants with SAD were perceived as significantly less likeable and authentic by the confederates, and rated themselves as significantly less authentic compared with those without SAD. The association between group status and likeability was mediated by the use of inhibiting/restricting safety behaviours and the association between group status and participant-rated authenticity was mediated by the use of both inhibiting/restricting and active safety behaviours, but not physical symptom management strategies. CONCLUSIONS These results contribute to a growing literature suggesting that some, but not all, safety behaviours may play an important role in creating the negative social outcomes that individuals with SAD experience.
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Balzarini RN, Muise A, Zoppolat G, Gesselman AN, Lehmiller JJ, Garcia JR, Slatcher RB, Mark KP. Sexual Desire in the Time of COVID-19: How COVID-Related Stressors Are Associated with Sexual Desire in Romantic Relationships. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:3823-3838. [PMID: 36100726 PMCID: PMC9469826 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-022-02365-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting social distancing measures have caused widespread social and economic disruptions, resulting in spikes in unemployment and financial instability, along with drastic changes to people's ability to feel socially connected. Many of the changes resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic are risk factors for depressive symptoms, which are associated with lower levels of sexual desire. The current research (N = 4,993) examined whether responses to external stressors brought on by COVID-19 (i.e., financial concern, worry, loneliness, stress) were associated with sexual desire among a multi-national sample of people in relationships (Studies 1-2), and whether this association was, in part, due to reports of depressive symptoms (Study 2). In the period immediately following the onset of the pandemic, more financial concern (Study 1) and worry (Study 2) were associated with higher sexual desire, while other factors, like stress (Studies 1-2), were associated with lower desire. We also followed a subset of participants every two weeks during the initial stages of the pandemic and at times when people reported greater stress, loneliness, financial strain, or worry than their average, they reported greater depressive symptoms, which was, in turn, associated with lower sexual desire. Results suggest that the social isolation and stress resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic have mixed associations with sexual desire at the onset of the pandemic. But over time, when people report heightened COVID-related stressors, they tend to report lower sexual desire for their partner, in part because these stressors are associated with more depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda N Balzarini
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA.
- The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
| | - Amy Muise
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Giulia Zoppolat
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Justin R Garcia
- The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Department of Gender Studies, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | | | - Kristen P Mark
- The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Casey K, King R, Banner J, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M. Romantic relationship quality and functioning for individuals with clinical and sub-clinical social anxiety: a scoping review. J Ment Health 2022; 32:670-698. [PMID: 35786177 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2022.2091755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is associated with pervasive functional impairments and chronicity. Romantic relationship functioning and quality for individuals with SAD has been previously explored but existing studies have not been synthesised. AIMS This scoping review charted existing literature regarding the quality and functioning of romantic relationships for people with SAD and high sub-clinical social anxiety (SA). METHODS The review used a scoping approach to explore the current evidence base relating to SA, romantic relationship quality and functioning. Articles published in English after 1980 that reported either clinical or high sub-clinical SA were eligible. Double screening, data extraction, quality assessment, and thematic analysis of studies was conducted. RESULTS 50 studies from 46 articles were identified, involving a range of community, college, adolescent, and clinical samples. Thematic analysis identified four themes; Relationship Quality, Satisfaction and Commitment; Communication and Self-Disclosure; Conflict, Social Support and Trust; Intimacy, Closeness and Sexual Satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS The review highlights that evidence relating to romantic relationship functioning for individuals with SAD and high sub-clinical SA is heterogeneous, with relationship initiation in particular relatively under-explored. Further research is required to elucidate key constructs and interpersonal processes related to relationship functioning, and to inform treatment approaches with this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Casey
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Ross King
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer Banner
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
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Mallory AB. Dimensions of couples' sexual communication, relationship satisfaction, and sexual satisfaction: A meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2022; 36:358-371. [PMID: 34968095 PMCID: PMC9153093 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite consistent evidence that sexual communication positively correlates with relationship and sexual satisfaction, there has been empirical murkiness regarding which aspects of sexual communication matter more or less for relationship and sexual satisfaction. A systematic meta-analysis was conducted to investigate if the strength of the association between sexual communication and relationship and sexual satisfaction varied by dimensions of sexual communication and individual, interpersonal, and cultural factors. The meta-analysis included 93 studies with 209 unique effect sizes, which represented 38,499 unique individuals in a current relationship. The multilevel meta-analysis evidenced a positive association between sexual communication and both relationship (r = .37) and sexual satisfaction (r = .43). For relationship satisfaction and sexual satisfaction, the effect size for quality of sexual communication (r = .43; .52) was larger compared to the frequency of sexual communication (r = .31; .31) and sexual self-disclosure (r = .28; .39). After controlling for the average age and relationship length of the sample, samples with married participants (r = .49) had larger effect sizes compared to samples with mixed relationship statuses (r = .35). Higher levels of individualism (b = .003) strengthened, and higher levels of gender inequality (b = -.06) weakened, the association between sexual communication and sexual satisfaction. Finally, when sociosexuality was low, sexual communication had a large association with relationship satisfaction for men (r = .69) and a small association for women (r = .16). Measurement, sample characteristics, and cultural factors have an important role in understanding the link between partners' sexual communication and their relationship and sexual satisfaction. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Bungener SL, Post L, Berends I, Steensma TD, de Vries ALC, Popma A. Talking About Sexuality With Youth: A Taboo in Psychiatry? J Sex Med 2022; 19:421-429. [PMID: 35105513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young people who have psychiatric problems are more likely than their peers to endure difficulties during their sexual and gender identity development. AIM This study aims to examine the communication between mental health care providers and their patients about the topics of relations, sexuality and gender identity, including a description of professionals' attitudes toward these topics and the factors that contribute to and inhibit communication. METHODS Study participants (n = 242, response rate = 31%) were a representative sample of a large multicenter cohort of 768 mental health care professionals (eg, medical doctors, psychiatrists, psychologists, group counselors, parent counselors) of 7 institutions and 5 solo practices in the Netherlands, who completed a survey on communication about sexuality and gender identity with their young patients (age 12-21 years). OUTCOMES Sexuality and gender identity are infrequently discussed by mental health care providers with their young patients or their patients' parents. RESULTS Of the study sample, 99.5 % valued sexuality as an important topic to discuss with their patients. However, only 17.1% of the professionals reported that they discussed sexuality-related issues with the majority (>75%) of their patients (adolescents: 19.9%, parents: 14.4%) Additionally, only 2.3 % of the participants discussed gender nonconformity regularly with patients. Information about sexual side effects of prescribed medication was infrequently (20.3%) provided: antidepressants (40.0%), antipsychotics (34.0%), benzodiazepines (5.1%) and stimulants (2.4%). The most frequently cited reasons for not discussing these topics were a lack of awareness, own feelings of discomfort, and the patients' supposed feelings of shame. There was no gender differences observed. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Recommendations for professionals include to be aware of these topics, initiating age-appropriate conversation and use inclusive language. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS The present study included a diverse and representative group of mental health care professionals. Frequency of sexual communication was based on self-report, which brings a risk of bias. CONCLUSION Despite a recognized need to engage in age-appropriate communication about sexuality and gender identity in youth mental health care, mental health providers seem to remain hesitant to discuss such topics. Bungener SL, Post L, Berends I, et al. Talking About Sexuality With Youth: A Taboo in Psychiatry?. J Sex Med 2022;19:421-429.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Bungener
- Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Laura Post
- Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Inez Berends
- Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas D Steensma
- Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annelou L C de Vries
- Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arne Popma
- Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Machette AT, Morrissey BS, Cionea IA. The Sexual Communication Discrepancy Index: A Multidimensional Self-Report Instrument for the Assessment of Sexual Communication Discrepancies. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2021; 48:376-391. [PMID: 34730062 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2021.1998272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sexual communication offers relational and sexual benefits. However, the sexual communication occurring in an individual's relationship may be incongruent with their expectations for such communication. Such discrepancies can affect partners' relationships and are important to examine. This study presents a new instrument for assessing discrepancies in sexual communication, the Sexual Communication Discrepancy Index (SCDI). Results of two studies examining SCDI's dimensionality, factor structure, and reliability revealed a promising 24-item, 4-factor scale instrument. The index offers a brief, easily scored, and reliable measure of sexual communication discrepancies. It may prove useful for researchers and clinicians who focus on sexual communication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ioana A Cionea
- Department of Communication, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
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Examining Whether Social Anxiety Influences Satisfaction in Romantic Relationships. BEHAVIOUR CHANGE 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/bec.2021.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractResearch investigating social anxiety and the impacts on romantic relationships remains scarce. An online questionnaire examining romantic relationship status, social anxiety and depression symptomology, relationship satisfaction, and several relationship processes was completed by 444 adults. Individuals with higher social anxiety were less likely to be in romantic relationships. For the 188 adults in our sample in current relationships, relationship satisfaction was not influenced by social anxiety when controlling for depression. Although it was proposed that self-disclosure, social support, trust, and conflict initiation might influence romantic relationship satisfaction, none of these mechanisms interacted with social anxiety to explain additional variance in relationship satisfaction. These findings indicate that depression symptomology may be a treatment target for socially anxious individuals wishing to improve romantic relationship satisfaction.
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Hahn CM, Hahn IG, Campbell LJ. Social Anxiety and Depression in Romantic Relationships: A Three-Sample Exploration. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2021.40.3.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Social anxiety contributes to a variety of interpersonal difficulties and dysfunctions. Socially anxious adults are less likely to marry and more likely to divorce than are non-anxious adults. The present pre-registered study investigated incremental variance accounted for by social anxiety in relationship satisfaction, commitment, trust, and social support. Methods: Three independent samples of adults (N = 888; 53.7% female; Mage = 35.09 years) involved in a romantic relationship completed online self-report questionnaires. Both social anxiety and depression were significantly correlated with relationship satisfaction, commitment, dyadic trust, and social support. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted with each sample to investigate the incremental variance accounted for by each of social anxiety and depression in relationship satisfaction, commitment, dyadic trust, and social support. Subsequent meta-analyses were run to determine the strength and replicability of the hierarchical models. Results: Results suggest that social anxiety is a robust predictor of unique variance in both perceived social support and commitment. Depression was a robust predictor of unique variance in relationship satisfaction, dyadic trust, social support, and commitment. Discussion: These results help to further understanding of social anxiety in romantic relationships and provide direction for future research and clinical intervention.
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Rahm-Knigge RL, Prince MA, Conner BT. More Likely to Have Risky Sex but less Sexually Satisfied: a Profile of High Social Interaction Anxiety, Urgency, and Emotion Dysregulation. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-021-09889-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Panzeri M, Ferrucci R, Cozza A, Fontanesi L. Changes in Sexuality and Quality of Couple Relationship During the COVID-19 Lockdown. Front Psychol 2020; 11:565823. [PMID: 33132969 PMCID: PMC7550458 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.565823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is heavily influencing people's general well-being worldwide. Since its outbreak, many studies have explored the population's general psychological well-being, while only a few studies have addressed how the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown are affecting sexuality. Sexual health, an important aspect of general well-being, has relevant consequences on people's daily lives. Although it is well known that distress can affect sexuality, and it is possible to speculate that the outbreak's psychological outcomes are affecting the population's sexual life; recent literature does not explore couples' sexuality and their relationship quality during the lockdown. The present preliminary research aimed to understand if the Italian population's sexuality has changed, and if so, how it had changed since the spread of COVID-19, and which variables were influencing couples' relationship quality during the COVID-19 lockdown. A questionnaire reserved especially for cohabiting couples was designed and distributed online from April 11 to May 5, 2020, the 5th and 8th weeks, respectively, after the start of the lockdown. Of the 124 respondents who completed the online survey, 73% were females. Despite the pandemic's psychological consequences, when asked directly, most couples responded that they did not perceive any differences in their sexuality. However, some female participants did report a decrease in pleasure, satisfaction, desire, and arousal. The main reasons behind the changes in sexuality in women, therefore, appear to be worry, lack of privacy, and stress. Even when participants seemed to show high levels of resilience, the negative aspects of lockdown could affect their quality of sexual life. This study needs to be completed using qualitative data from online focus groups that have investigated how sexual life has changed and the main needs of couples. All the same, our results will serve to better address population needs and experiences, and provide ad hoc interventions during this unprecedented time of crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Panzeri
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, Padua University, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberta Ferrucci
- Aldo Ravelli Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Cozza
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, Padua University, Padua, Italy
| | - Lilybeth Fontanesi
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Science, University G. D’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Lapp HS, Croy I. Insights from the German Version of the Social Touch Questionnaire: How Attitude towards Social Touch relates to Symptoms of Social Anxiety. Neuroscience 2020; 464:133-142. [PMID: 32673628 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Social interpersonal touch is an important part of nonverbal communication and mediates human bonding. However, one's attitude towards touch is highly individual, and touch is not always perceived as pleasant. For instance, socially anxious people show less touch comfort and higher touch avoidance than socially extroverted people. To investigate which aspects of touch attitude relate to symptoms of social anxiety, we adapted the "Social Touch Questionnaire" (STQ) to the German-speaking population and related it to the "Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale" which assesses symptoms related to social anxiety. In a sample of 479 students, validation of the STQ disclosed good reliability and internal consistency. Exploratory factor analysis conducted in half of the sample revealed a three-factor model and suggested shortening the STQ for higher quality. Confirmatory factor analysis in the other half supported these findings. Subscale analyses revealed a correlation between symptoms of social anxiety and dislike of social touch but not between the former and liking of social touch. Overall, touch is an important channel of social communication which individuals with symptoms of social anxiety seem hindered to benefit from. Screening for this issue via the shortened STQ might provide supporting information for therapists. To investigate the transferability of the STQ as a screening tool for daily clinical practice, we suggest further research in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Sophie Lapp
- Comprehensive Pain Center, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Ilona Croy
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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Hemati L, Shayan A, Soltani F. Prediction of Sexual Anxiety of Women on the Brink of Marriage According to Knowledge and Sexual Attitude. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND COMMUNITY HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.29252/jech.7.2.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Milas G, Wright P, Štulhofer A. Longitudinal Assessment of the Association Between Pornography Use and Sexual Satisfaction in Adolescence. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2020; 57:16-28. [PMID: 31042055 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2019.1607817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pornography has been theorized to affect sexual satisfaction for decades, yet only two prospective studies, both conducted in the Netherlands, have explored this link among adolescents. Given the unprecedented availability of (online) sexually explicit content and the potential importance of its relationship to sexual satisfaction for young people, we have revisited the association between these variables in a less sexually permissive society. Using a panel sample of 775 female and 514 male Croatian high school students (Mage at baseline = 15.9 years, SD = 0.52) and latent growth curve modeling with six observation points, we did not find a significant association between changes in the frequency of adolescents' pornography use over time and their sexual satisfaction at wave six. The association between the initial levels of pornography use and sexual satisfaction, which, if present, would have indicated a possible relationship during middle adolescence, was also null. These patterns were similar across genders. Possible explanations for the difference between our results and the results of the previous studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aleksandar Štulhofer
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb
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23
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Leonhardt ND, Spencer TJ, Butler MH, Theobald AC. An Organizational Framework for Sexual Media's Influence on Short-Term Versus Long-Term Sexual Quality. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2019; 48:2233-2249. [PMID: 30014336 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-018-1209-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Although research has suggested a net negative influence of sexual media on sexual quality, enough researchers have found results suggesting that sexual media has no effect or a positive influence that the matter warrants further investigation. We present an organizational framework utilizing primarily the acquisition, activation, application model (3AM), and the Antecedents-Context-Effects model (ACE) to reconcile these apparently contradictory claims. By synthesizing these theories, we suggest that to truly understand the impact of sexual media on sexual quality, four factors must be taken into account: (1) the content of the sexual media being viewed, (2) the difference between short-term and long-term sexual quality, (3) the influence of exclusivity, formativeness, resonance, and reinforcement in moderating the extent to which the portrayed sexual script is applied (influences attitudes and behavior), and (4) the couple context for congruency of use, script application, and moral paradigms. While acknowledging the many nuances that should be considered, we ultimately argue that when considering these factors simultaneously, the overall scripts presented in sexual media are congruent with pursuing factors for short-term sexual quality and incongruent with pursuing factors for long-term sexual quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Leonhardt
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, 2081 JFSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
| | - Travis J Spencer
- Marriage and Family Therapy, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Mark H Butler
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, 2081 JFSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Alex C Theobald
- Marriage and Family Therapy, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
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Kuczynski AM, Kanter JW, Robinaugh DJ. Differential associations between interpersonal variables and quality-of-life in a sample of college students. Qual Life Res 2019; 29:127-139. [PMID: 31535262 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-019-02298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Humans are fundamentally social beings, and the relationships we form with others are crucial for our well-being. Research across a variety of domains has established the association between a variety of interpersonal factors and health outcomes, including quality-of-life. However, there is a need for a more integrative, holistic analysis of these variables and how they relate to one another. METHODS Undergraduate students (n = 1456) from four universities across the United States completed self-report measures of their quality-of-life and a variety of interpersonal factors identified as important predictors across the literature. We examined zero-order correlations between these measures and quality-of-life, estimated a path model to look at unique variance accounted for by each, and finally used network analysis to examine the network of direct and indirect associations among these variables and quality-of-life. RESULTS Loneliness had the strongest association with quality-of-life across all analyses. When examining the unique association between quality-of-life and each interpersonal variable, six remained statistically significant: loneliness, social support, social connectedness, emotional intelligence, intimacy with one's romantic partner, and empathic concern. These results were supported by the network model, which found direct associations between quality-of-life and these six variables as well as indirect associations with all other interpersonal variables in the model. CONCLUSIONS Results from this research suggest that interpersonal factors in general, and loneliness in particular, are strongly associated with quality-of-life. Future research is needed to establish the direction of these effects and examine for whom these findings are generalizable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Kuczynski
- University of Washington, 119a Guthrie Hall, Box 351525, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Jonathan W Kanter
- University of Washington, 119a Guthrie Hall, Box 351525, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Donald J Robinaugh
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1 Bowdoin Square, Room 656, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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Blunt-Vinti H, Jozkowski KN, Hunt M. Show or Tell? Does Verbal and/or Nonverbal Sexual Communication Matter for Sexual Satisfaction? JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2019; 45:206-217. [PMID: 30040593 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2018.1501446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Communication is linked to sexual satisfaction. This includes verbal and nonverbal communication. Much of the extant research focuses on verbal communication within a relationship as a predictor of sexual satisfaction, yet some people feel more comfortable communicating nonverbally, perhaps especially during sex. Regardless of the communication style (verbal or nonverbal), satisfaction with one's communication style with a partner also seems to be linked to sexual satisfaction. However, the relationship between (a) communication style (verbal and nonverbal) and (b) satisfaction with communication style regarding communication during sex with sexual satisfaction is not well established. Given this gap in the research, we explored (a) how one's own and one's partner's use of verbal and nonverbal communication during sex is associated with sexual satisfaction, and (b) how satisfaction with sexual communication is associated with sexual satisfaction among a convenience sample (N = 398; ages 18-55+). Sexual communication satisfaction mediated the association between self and partner communication during sex and sexual satisfaction. This study has implications for education and counseling-specifically we argue that couples may benefit more from finding consistency and satisfaction with their communication style than from focusing on trying to ascribe to a particular style.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Blunt-Vinti
- a Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas , USA
| | - Kristen N Jozkowski
- a Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas , USA
| | - Mary Hunt
- a Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas , USA
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26
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Handy AB, Stanton AM, Meston CM. What Does Sexual Arousal Mean to You? Women With and Without Sexual Arousal Concerns Describe Their Experiences. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2019; 56:345-355. [PMID: 29746186 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2018.1468867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sexual arousal is frequently characterized by both subjective (i.e., mental) and physiological (e.g., genital) components. The nuances of these components, however, are difficult to capture via self-report instruments. Asking women to describe sexual arousal in their own words may therefore enhance our understanding of this construct. In the present study, women with (n = 190) and without (n = 610) arousal concerns were recruited online and wrote about their experience of sexual arousal. Seven clusters of words were extracted using automated text analysis, and the prominence of these clusters was compared between groups of women. The autonomic arousal cluster differed between groups such that women with arousal concerns invoked this cluster significantly less than did women with no such concerns. Furthermore, the context cluster significantly predicted group membership (odds ratio [OR] = 1.063); greater scores on this cluster were associated with arousal concerns. Results suggest that autonomic arousal and relationship factors may play important roles in arousal concerns. It is suggested that clinicians assess for aspects of the sexual relationship that may facilitate or hinder sexual arousal. Clinicians may also consider inquiring about the presence or appraisal of autonomic arousal (e.g., one's interpretation of an increase in heart rate or respiration) during sexual activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel B Handy
- a Department of Psychology , University of Texas at Austin
| | | | - Cindy M Meston
- a Department of Psychology , University of Texas at Austin
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27
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Jones AC, Robinson WD, Seedall RB. The Role of Sexual Communication in Couples' Sexual Outcomes: A Dyadic Path Analysis. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2018; 44:606-623. [PMID: 29044661 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In a study of 142 couples, we gathered survey data to show how sexual communication influences sexual and relationship satisfaction as well as sexual and orgasm frequency. In two dyadic data path analyses, we observed the significant paths of influence that sexual communication has on sexual and relationship satisfaction, as well as sexual and orgasm frequency. Our findings revealed greater amounts of sexual communication were associated with increased orgasm frequency in women and greater relationship and sexual satisfaction in both sexes. We also observed important differences in the associations of sexual communication and general communication on satisfaction levels. With these analyses, we expand the current literature to broaden our understanding of the role that sexual communication plays in committed relationships.
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28
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Green HD, Weeks MR, Berman M, Mosher HI, Abbott M, Garcia N. Managing the risk of intimacy: accounts of disclosure and responsiveness among people with HIV and intimate partners of people with HIV. CULTURE, HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2018; 20:1117-1129. [PMID: 29944072 PMCID: PMC6399062 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2018.1479535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that concerns about sexual risk tend to decline among people in intimate relationships where there is established commitment and trust. In the context of relationships at increased risk for HIV transmission, interactions involving disclosure and partner responsiveness are key to maintaining intimacy and physical safety. This paper explores concepts of risk and sexual intimacy articulated by a community sample of 30 people living with HIV and their intimate relationship partners. Data revealed the shifts in intimate relationship dynamics upon the disclosure of an HIV diagnosis, the importance of intimacy in the context of managing one or both partners' HIV care and responses to new advances in HIV prophylaxis. Findings suggest that participants' experiences of self-disclosure and partner responsiveness most often resulted in an increased sense of protectiveness from and for partners. This suggests that health-promoting messaging should be adapted to be more relevant to intimate couple communication and mutual support.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcie Berman
- The Institute for Community Research, Hartford, CT, USA
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29
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Brown RD, Weigel DJ. Exploring a Contextual Model of Sexual Self-Disclosure and Sexual Satisfaction. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2018; 55:202-213. [PMID: 28287843 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2017.1295299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sexual self-disclosure is a critical component of relationship and sexual satisfaction, yet little is known about the mechanisms that facilitate a person's engagement in sexual self-disclosure. Individuals (N = 265) involved in romantic relationships participated in an online study testing a contextual model of sexual self-disclosure across three contexts: relationship context, sexual self-disclosure context, and outcome of sexual self-disclosure. Results suggest that sexual satisfaction was predicted by a positive relationship context and a positive sexual self-disclosure context. In addition, the sexual self-disclosure context was predicted by the relationship context. These findings emphasize the importance of examining contextual influences that determine whether an individual will engage in or avoid sexual self-disclosure and the consequences of this engagement or avoidance on sexual satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randal D Brown
- a Interdisciplinary Social Psychology Program , University of Nevada, Reno
| | - Daniel J Weigel
- b Human Development and Family Studies , University of Nevada, Reno
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30
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Rausch D, Dekker A, Rettenberger M. The construct of sexual openness for females in steady intimate relationships. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172274. [PMID: 28636608 PMCID: PMC5479499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of open-minded attitudes towards sexuality in general requires a construct based on attitudinal dimensions. Although several existing studies involve sexual attitudes, they differ substantially and standardized conceptual work is missing. Thus, the authors introduce the latent variable sexual openness to develop a construct based on self-oriented attitudes towards different sexual topics. Available survey data of female German students in a steady relationship allowed providing a first empirical test for the applicability of this construct. Five subdimensions are acknowledged central for sexual openness: sexual practices, masturbation, bisexuality, permissiveness, and pornography consumption. Confirmatory factor analysis and correlations confirmed the idea of an underlying mechanism with an impact on all five variables. Though further validation of the construct of sexual openness is required, the findings strongly support the notion of an overarching latent attitude variable, which influences the individual relation to everything sexual. The results were compared to other studies and potential approaches for future analyses were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rausch
- Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (JGU), Mainz, Germany
| | - Arne Dekker
- Institute for Sex Research and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Rettenberger
- Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (JGU), Mainz, Germany
- Centre for Criminology, Wiesbaden, Germany
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Hertlein KM, Twist MLC. Sexting Behavior Among College Students: Implications for College Clinicians. JOURNAL OF COLLEGE STUDENT PSYCHOTHERAPY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/87568225.2016.1277814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Hertlein
- Marriage and Family Therapy Program, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Markie L. C. Twist
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Wisconsin–Stout, Menomonie, Wisconsin, USA
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De Santis C, Murray SH, Kohut T, Milhausen RR. Good gets better? Examining the impact of prescribed sexual activity on long-term heterosexually configured couples’ sexual and relationship satisfaction. SEXUAL AND RELATIONSHIP THERAPY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2016.1225155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carm De Santis
- Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah H. Murray
- Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Taylor Kohut
- Department of Psychology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Robin R. Milhausen
- Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Kluck AS, Zhuzha K, Hughes K. Sexual Perfectionism in Women: Not as Simple as Adaptive or Maladaptive. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2016; 45:2015-2027. [PMID: 27511209 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-016-0805-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
According to research and theory, the construct of perfectionism may apply to specific life domains, including being a perfect sexual partner. We extended the research on sexual perfectionism (SP) by examining the relationships between its various dimensions (i.e., self-directed, partner-directed, socially prescribed, partner-prescribed) and communication about sex, sexual functioning, and appearance self-consciousness during sex. Women (N = 208) of ages 19-50 were recruited online to respond to the Multidimensional Sexual Perfectionism Questionnaire and measures of communication about sex, sexual functioning, and physical appearance self-consciousness during sex. Dimensions of SP demonstrated a mixed pattern of relationships with measures of adaptive functioning. Partner-prescribed SP was related to greater appearance self-consciousness during sex, indicating an unfavorable role of this dimension of SP. An indirect effect of socially prescribed and partner-prescribed SP on sexual functioning through poor dyadic communication about sex and greater appearance self-consciousness was also found. Self-directed SP was less clearly problematic and uniquely related to better dyadic communication, whereas partner-directed SP was uniquely related to fewer concerns about the body appearance during sex. In conclusion, with respect to personal functioning, higher standards directed towards sexual partners may be less problematic but perceptions that romantic partners expect one to be a perfect sexual partner may have deleterious effects. Overall, SP may relate to sexual experiences of women beyond the college-age group with some aspects of SP being more problematic than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette S Kluck
- Department of Special Education, Rehabilitation and Counseling, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
| | - Kseniya Zhuzha
- Department of Special Education, Rehabilitation and Counseling, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Kelly Hughes
- Department of Special Education, Rehabilitation and Counseling, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
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Terlecki MA, Ecker AH, Buckner JD. College drinking problems and social anxiety: The importance of drinking context. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2016; 28:545-52. [PMID: 24955673 DOI: 10.1037/a0035770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Social anxiety more than quadruples the risk of developing an alcohol use disorder, yet it is inconsistently linked to heavy alcohol use. Elucidation of the relation between social anxiety and alcohol use is an important next step in treating and preventing risky drinking. College students routinely face potentially anxiety-provoking social situations (e.g., meeting new people) and socially anxious undergraduates are especially vulnerable to alcohol-related impairment. Drinking to cope with social anxiety is thought to reinforce alcohol use, yet research on coping-motivated drinking among socially anxious students has yielded inconsistent findings. Further, undergraduate drinking varies by drinking context, yet the role of context in drinking behaviors among socially anxious individuals remains unclear. The current study sought to examine the relationship of social anxiety and drinking quantity in specific drinking contexts among undergraduates (N = 611). We also evaluated whether relevant drinking contexts mediated the relationship between social anxiety and alcohol-related problems. Clinically elevated social anxiety was related to heavier consumption in negative emotion (e.g., feeling sad or angry) and personal/intimate (e.g., before sexual intercourse) contexts, but not social/convivial contexts (e.g., parties, bars). Quantity of alcohol consumed in negative emotion and personal/intimate contexts mediated the relationship between social anxiety and drinking problem severity. Drinking in personal/intimate contexts demonstrated a unique mediational role. Findings suggest that heavy drinking in particular contexts (especially personal/intimate and negative emotion) may play an important role in drinking problems among socially anxious individuals.
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35
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McKnight PE, Monfort SS, Kashdan TB, Blalock DV, Calton JM. Anxiety symptoms and functional impairment: A systematic review of the correlation between the two measures. Clin Psychol Rev 2016; 45:115-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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36
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Versella MV, Piccirillo ML, Potter CM, Olino TM, Heimberg RG. Anger profiles in social anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord 2016; 37:21-9. [PMID: 26590429 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) exhibit elevated levels of anger and anger suppression, which are both associated with increased depression, diminished quality of life, and poorer treatment outcomes. However, little is known about how anger experiences differ among individuals with SAD and whether any heterogeneity might relate to negative outcomes. This investigation sought to empirically define anger profiles among 136 treatment-seeking individuals with SAD and to assess their association with distress and impairment. A latent class analysis was conducted utilizing the trait subscales of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 as indicators of class membership. Analysis revealed four distinct anger profiles, with greatest distress and impairment generally demonstrated by individuals with elevated trait anger, a greater tendency to suppress the expression of anger, and diminished ability to adaptively control their anger expression. These results have implications for tailoring more effective interventions for socially anxious individuals.
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Mackaronis JE, Strassberg DS, Cundiff JM, Cann DJ. Beholder and Beheld: A Multilevel Model of Perceived Sexual Appeal. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2015; 44:2237-2248. [PMID: 25822474 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-015-0517-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
When individuals (observers) assess how appealing they find sexual stimuli (targets), which factors matter and to whom? The present study examined how observer and target characteristics interact and impact perceived sexual appeal. Participants were 302 men (206 heterosexual, 96 gay) and 289 women (196 heterosexual, 93 lesbian) between the ages of 18 and 67 years, who viewed 34 photographs of targets of their preferred gender and rated each target for sexual appeal, masculinity-femininity, and estimated age. Participants also rated their own masculinity-femininity. A baseline model indicated that roughly 30 % of the variance in sexual appeal ratings was at the observer level (between observers) and 70 % of the variance was at the target level (within observers). In the final model, five characteristics of the participant observers (gender, sexual orientation, age, race/ethnicity, and self-described masculinity-femininity) and six characteristics of the target photographs (gender, whether the photographs were taken from heterosexual versus gay/lesbian media, race/ethnicity, perceived masculinity-femininity, and estimated age) were independently and interactively related to observer ratings of target sexual appeal. Observers displayed preferences for similar targets in terms of race/ethnicity and masculinity-femininity, while also displaying a general preference for target youth. Variation in the strength of these preferences occurred according to observers' own gender, race/ethnicity, masculinity-femininity, and sexual orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Mackaronis
- Mental Health Service (S-116), VA Puget Sound Health Care System-Seattle Division, 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108-1597, USA.
| | | | - Jeanne M Cundiff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Deanna J Cann
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Lenes E, Swank JM, Nash S. A Qualitative Exploration of a Music Experience Within a Counselor Education Sexuality Course. JOURNAL OF CREATIVITY IN MENTAL HEALTH 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15401383.2014.983255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Terlecki MA, Buckner JD. Social anxiety and heavy situational drinking: coping and conformity motives as multiple mediators. Addict Behav 2015; 40:77-83. [PMID: 25233446 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individuals with clinically elevated social anxiety are at greater risk for alcohol use disorder, and the relation between social anxiety and drinking problems is at least partially accounted for by drinking more in negative emotional (e.g., feeling sad or angry) and personal/intimate (e.g., before sexual intercourse) situations. Identification of cognitive/motivational factors related to drinking in these high-risk situations could inform the development of treatment and prevention interventions for these high-risk drinkers. METHOD The current cross-sectional study examined the mediating effect of drinking motives on the relationship between social anxiety and drinking these high-risk situations among undergraduates (N=232). RESULTS Clinically elevated social anxiety was associated with greater coping and conformity motives. Both coping and conformity motives mediated the relation between social anxiety and heavier alcohol consumption in negative emotional and personal/intimate contexts. CONCLUSIONS Multiple mediation analyses indicated that these motives work additively to mediate the social anxiety-drinking situations relationship, such that heavy situational drinking among undergraduates with clinically elevated social anxiety can be jointly attributed to desire to cope with negative affect and to avoid social scrutiny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A Terlecki
- School of Psychology, University of East London, Stratford, London E15 4LZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Julia D Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
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De Castella K, Goldin P, Jazaieri H, Heimberg RG, Dweck CS, Gross JJ. Emotion Beliefs and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder. Cogn Behav Ther 2014; 44:128-41. [DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2014.974665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Awada N, Bergeron S, Steben M, Hainault V, McDuff P. To Say or not to Say: Dyadic Ambivalence over Emotional Expression and Its Associations with Pain, Sexuality, and Distress in Couples Coping with Provoked Vestibulodynia. J Sex Med 2014; 11:1271-82. [DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pazmany E, Bergeron S, Verhaeghe J, Van Oudenhove L, Enzlin P. Sexual communication, dyadic adjustment, and psychosexual well-being in premenopausal women with self-reported dyspareunia and their partners: a controlled study. J Sex Med 2014; 11:1786-97. [PMID: 24690206 DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although research that takes into account partner and relationship factors in dyspareunia is slowly emerging, little is known about how these couples communicate about their sexuality. Additionally, partner psychosexual adjustment has not been examined in a controlled fashion. AIM This study aimed to compare dyadic sexual communication, dyadic adjustment, psychological adjustment, and sexual well-being of women with self-reported dyspareunia and their partners with those of pain-free control women and their partners. METHODS Premenopausal women (n = 38; mean [M] age = 24.92) with self-reported dyspareunia, their partners (n = 38; M age = 26.71), as well as pain-free control women (n = 44; M age = 25.86) and their partners (n = 44; M age = 27.95) completed an online survey measuring dyadic sexual communication, dyadic adjustment, anxiety, depression, sexual functioning, and sexual distress. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Assessments of women and men's (i) dyadic sexual communication; (ii) dyadic adjustment; (iii) anxiety; (iv) depression; (v) sexual functioning; and (vi) women's sexual distress were the main outcome measures. RESULTS Compared with pain-free controls, women with dyspareunia reported significantly poorer dyadic sexual communication, a difference not found between partners of women with dyspareunia and control partners. Compared with partners of control women, those of women with dyspareunia reported significantly more impaired sexual functioning. No differences in dyadic adjustment were found between women with dyspareunia and pain-free control women, or between their respective partners. Finally, compared with control women, those with dyspareunia reported significantly more impaired psychological and sexual well-being. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that dyspareunia impacts not only the psychosexual adjustment of affected women but also that of their partners. It seems relevant to include both members of the couple in future research and treatment for dyspareunia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Els Pazmany
- Institute for Family and Sexuality Studies, Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Rosen NO, Rancourt KM, Corsini-Munt S, Bergeron S. Beyond a “Woman’s Problem”: The Role of Relationship Processes in Female Genital Pain. CURRENT SEXUAL HEALTH REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11930-013-0006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Georgiadis JR, Kringelbach ML, Pfaus JG. Sex for fun: a synthesis of human and animal neurobiology. Nat Rev Urol 2012; 9:486-98. [PMID: 22926422 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2012.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sex is a fundamental pleasure, and crucial to the survival of our species. Though not many people would disagree with the proposition that sexual behaviour depends on the brain, the neuroscientific study of human sex is still relatively taboo and much remains to be discovered. On the contrary, excellent experimental animal models (mostly rat) are available that have uncovered major behavioural, neurochemical, and neuroanatomical characteristics of sexual behaviour. Restructuring sexual behaviour into broader terms reflecting behavioural states (wanting, liking, and inhibition) facilitates species comparison, revealing many similarities between animal and human sexual pleasure cycles, some of which can serve as potential avenues of new human sex research. In particular, behavioural and brain evidence clearly shows that motivational and consummatory phases are fundamentally distinct, and that genitally-induced sexual reward is a major factor in sexual learning mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janniko R Georgiadis
- Department of Neuroscience (Section Anatomy), University Medical Centre Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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