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Pauly T, Lüscher J, Berli C, Hoppmann CA, Murphy RA, Ashe MC, Linden W, Madden KM, Gerstorf D, Scholz U. Let's Enjoy an Evening on the Couch? A Daily Life Investigation of Shared Problematic Behaviors in Three Couple Studies. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 2024; 50:733-749. [PMID: 36632740 PMCID: PMC11010557 DOI: 10.1177/01461672221143783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Symptom-system fit theory proposes that problematic behaviors are maintained by the social system (e.g., the couple relationship) in which they occur because they help promote positive relationship functioning in the short-term. Across three daily life studies, we examined whether mixed-gender couples reported more positive relationship functioning on days in which they engaged in more shared problematic behaviors. In two studies (Study 1: 82 couples who smoke; Study 2: 117 couples who are inactive), days of more shared problematic behavior were accompanied by higher daily closeness and relationship satisfaction. A third study with 79 couples post-stroke investigating unhealthy eating failed to provide evidence for symptom-system fit. In exploratory lagged analyses, we found more support for prior-day problematic behavior being associated with next-day daily relationship functioning than vice-versa. Together, findings point to the importance of a systems perspective when studying interpersonal dynamics that might be involved in the maintenance of problematic behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rachel A. Murphy
- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
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Weber DM, Halverson TF, Daruwala SE, Pugh MJ, Calhoun PS, Beckham JC, Kimbrel NA. Love Is Not All You Need: Understanding the Association Between Relationship Status and Relationship Dysfunction With Self-Directed Violence in Veterans. Arch Suicide Res 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37548583 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2023.2237097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research indicates that being married is associated with reduced risk of suicide and self-directed violence (SDV) relative to being divorced. Simultaneously, difficulties within relationships predict poorer health outcomes. However, research on relationship status rarely examines relationship functioning, obfuscating the joint contribution of these variables for SDV risk. METHOD Veterans (N = 1,049) completed a survey that included assessment of relationship status, relationship functioning, and SDV history. Logistic regression models tested how (a) relationship status, (b) relationship dysfunction, and (c) being divorced compared to being in a low- or high-dysfunction relationship were associated with SDV, controlling for several intrapersonal risk factors. RESULTS Veterans in a relationship did not differ in SDV history compared to divorced/separated veterans. However, more dysfunction within relationships was associated with greater odds of a history of SDV and suicidal cognitions. Finally, SDV histories were more likely among veterans endorsing high-dysfunction relationships compared with (a) low-dysfunction relationships and (b) divorced veterans. CONCLUSION It may be insufficient to only consider relationship status when evaluating interpersonal risk factors for SDV. A single item assessing relationship dysfunction was associated with enacted SDV and suicidal cognitions over and above intrapersonal risk factors. Integrating such single-item measures into clinical practice could improve identification and subsequent tailored intervention for veterans at greater risk for SDV.
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Flanagan JC, Leone RM, Melkonian AJ, Jarnecke AM, Hogan JN, Massa AA. Effects of alcohol problem discrepancy on relationship adjustment: The moderating role of conflict negotiation among couples with alcohol use disorder and intimate partner violence. Fam Process 2023. [PMID: 37148131 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has well-known negative effects on romantic relationship functioning, including the occurrence of intimate partner violence (IPV). A separate literature focused on community couples indicates that relationship functioning is more likely to suffer when partners report greater discrepancies in alcohol consumption. It is important to expand this literature to couples with AUD and to examine the role of impactful AUD domains in dyadic functioning. Furthermore, few studies have examined adaptive, treatment-malleable factors that could potentially offset the negative impact of alcohol discrepancies on relationship functioning. This study examined the association between couples' alcohol problem discrepancies and relationship adjustment, as well as the moderating effect of self-reported adaptive conflict negotiation behaviors. Participants were 100 couples (N = 200 individual participants) with intimate partner violence wherein at least one partner met diagnostic criteria for AUD. Actor-Partner Interdependence Models indicated that greater alcohol problem discrepancy was associated with lower dyadic adjustment. Moderation analyses revealed that the highest level of relationship adjustment was observed among couples with lower alcohol problem discrepancy and greater negotiation behaviors, while relationship adjustment was similar for couples with larger alcohol problem discrepancy, regardless of negotiation behaviors. Although further study is needed to clarify under what specific conditions adaptive negotiation behaviors are most helpful, they appear to be beneficial for some couples in this sample. We found no evidence that negotiation behaviors may be harmful among these high-risk couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne C Flanagan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ruschelle M Leone
- Department of Health Policy & Behavioral Sciences and Mark Chaffin Center for Healthy Development, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alexander J Melkonian
- Department of Family Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Amber M Jarnecke
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jasara N Hogan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Andrea A Massa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Turner JJ, Crapo JS, Kopystynska O, Bradford K, Higginbotham BJ. Economic distress and perceptions of sexual intimacy in remarriage. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1056180. [PMID: 36687913 PMCID: PMC9853282 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1056180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Economic distress and the relationship stability of remarried couples has been subject to some exploration, but less emphasis has been placed on how economic distress among remarried couples impacts other relationship domains, particularly sexual intimacy. Methods Through the lens of multidimensional family development theory (MFDT), this study utilizes longitudinal data over a three-year period to examine the links between economic distress, couple engagement, relationship satisfaction, and perceptions of sexual intimacy among remarried couples (n = 1,161 couples; 97% White). Results Through a dyadic structural equation model, results showed that wives' report of economic distress was directly related to their self-rejection of a partner's sexual advances. Findings also revealed gender differences in how both relationship satisfaction and couple engagement influenced one to accept or reject their partner's sexual advances, with couple engagement acting as a significant predictor for wives. Relationship satisfaction was also found to explain (i.e., mediate) the relation between economic distress and sexual intimacy, but only for husbands. Discussion Implications for further research and interventions designed to strengthen the relationships of remarried couples dealing with economic distress and intimacy issues are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J. Turner
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States,*Correspondence: Joshua J. Turner, ✉
| | - J. Scott Crapo
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States,J. Scott Crapo, ✉
| | - Olena Kopystynska
- Department of Family Life and Human Development, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, UT, United States
| | - Kay Bradford
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Brian J. Higginbotham
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
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Leone RM, Jarnecke AM, Gilmore AK, Flanagan JC. Alcohol use problems and conflict among couples: A preliminary investigation of the moderating effects of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Couple Family Psychol 2022; 11:290-299. [PMID: 36438780 PMCID: PMC9697959 DOI: 10.1037/cfp0000160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use can operate as a chronic relationship stressor with adverse influences on individual and relationship functioning, including negative conflict behaviors; however, it remains unclear what modifiable individual-level factors may moderate this association. The current study examined the effects of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies on the relation between alcohol use problems and negative relationship conflict behaviors. Participants were 30 couples (N=60) wherein at least one partner engaged in recent hazardous drinking or illicit drug use. Participants completed a measure of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (i.e., catastrophizing, self-blame, blaming others, rumination) and engaged in a 10-minute dyadic conflict task in the laboratory. Couple conflict behaviors were video-recorded and assessed using a validated coding system. Actor partner interdependence models indicated that (1) men with more maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies displayed more negative relationship conflict behaviors and (2) among women who use fewer maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, those who report alcohol use problems display more negative relationship behaviors than women who report fewer alcohol use problems. These findings suggest that the tendency to engage in fewer maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies buffers the effect of conflict among women without alcohol use problems. Results also suggest that women with alcohol use problems engaged in more negative conflict behaviors regardless of their tendency to use maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. This research has important implications for integrating emotion regulation skills into alcohol use treatment for women, particularly later in the course of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruschelle M. Leone
- Mark Chaffin Center for Healthy Development, School of Public Health, Georgia State University
- Department of Health Policy & Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University
- Center for Interpersonal Violence, Georgia State University
| | - Amber M. Jarnecke
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Amanda K. Gilmore
- Mark Chaffin Center for Healthy Development, School of Public Health, Georgia State University
- Department of Health Policy & Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University
- Center for Interpersonal Violence, Georgia State University
| | - Julianne C. Flanagan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center
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Belus JM, Bradley VD, van Heerden A, Msimango LI, Barnabas RV, van Rooyen H. "I think it's communication and trust and sharing everything": Qualitative evidence for a model of healthy intimate relationships in Black women living with HIV and men in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Fam Process 2022; 61:1507-1524. [PMID: 34931703 PMCID: PMC10078736 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In South Africa, couple-based interventions (CBIs) have been used to increase HIV testing, reduce HIV transmission, and shift relationship dynamics. To understand local definitions of healthy relationships, this study sought to collect qualitative data on a model of healthy relationships in a semi-rural area of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with HIV-positive women (n = 15) and men of mixed HIV status (n = 15) who were in heterosexual, monogamous relationships (not with each other). Thematic analyses guided coding. Three primary healthy relationship behaviour themes emerged, labelled open communication, couple-level problem-solving, and active relationship building, which were related to various relationship facets (trust, support, respect, commitment, and connection). We purposively explored contextual themes, namely the role of HIV, positive community involvement, and power dynamics, to better situate the healthy relationship behaviour themes. HIV was not central to relationship conceptualisations and three different power structures (shared power/flexible gender norms, shared power/traditional gender norms, male-dominated power/traditional gender norms) were described as being healthy. This model of healthy relationships is similar to observed definitions in other African countries and in high-income settings. Findings can inform HIV programming content for couples in KwaZulu-Natal, particularly the active relationship building component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Belus
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMarylandUSA
- Present address:
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and the University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Alastair van Heerden
- Human and Social DevelopmentHuman Sciences Research CouncilPietermaritzburgSouth Africa
- MRC/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit Department of PaediatricsFaculty of Health ScienceUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Lindani I. Msimango
- Human and Social DevelopmentHuman Sciences Research CouncilPietermaritzburgSouth Africa
- Present address:
Centre for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA)DurbanSouth Africa
| | | | - Heidi van Rooyen
- MRC/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit Department of PaediatricsFaculty of Health ScienceUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
- The Impact CentreHuman Sciences Research CouncilDurbanSouth Africa
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Cornelius T, DiGiovanni A, Scott AW, Bolger N. COVID-19 distress and interdependence of daily emotional intimacy, physical intimacy, and loneliness in cohabiting couples. J Soc Pers Relat 2022; 39:3638-3659. [PMID: 37578210 PMCID: PMC9163657 DOI: 10.1177/02654075221106391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 has had a profound impact on relationship functioning, though effects have been heterogeneous. Reasons for divergent effects on relationship functioning remain unclear. Theoretical models suggest that it is not just stress exposure that leads to adverse relationships outcomes, but also subjective response to these stressors. Using data from a 14-day intensive longitudinal study of romantic dyads, we hypothesized that COVID-19-related distress would adversely impact one's own and one's partner's report of relationship functioning, on average. Interdependence at the between-couple and within-couple level was also examined. Methods Participants were 104 female-male romantic couples cohabiting the New York metropolitan area (Mage = 28.86, SDage = 7.69) between August 2020 - April 2021. Couples reported COVID-19 distress during a baseline interview and daily relationship functioning for 14 days. Multilevel models were specified for six outcomes simultaneously: female and male partner daily physical intimacy, emotional intimacy, and loneliness. Interrelationships of the intercepts of the six outcomes were specified, reflecting between-couple associations of each partner's stable outcome tendencies. Interrelationships of the daily residuals of the six outcomes were also specified, reflecting within-couple associations at the daily level. Results Female partner COVID-19 distress was inversely associated with her own emotional and physical intimacy and positively associated with her own and her partner's loneliness. Male COVID-19 distress was associated with his own loneliness only. There was significant interdependence at the between- and within-couple level, such that greater loneliness in either partner was associated with less intimacy in each member of the couple. Discussion Only one partner effect for COVID-19 distress emerged, such that female partner distress was associated with male partner loneliness; however, interdependence at the between- and within-couple level suggested that distress may adversely impact relational well-being over time. Future studies should examine reciprocal relationships between COVID-19-related distress and relationship functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talea Cornelius
- Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana DiGiovanni
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allie W Scott
- Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Niall Bolger
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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8
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Pauly T, Lüscher J, Berli C, Scholz U. Dynamic associations between stress and relationship functioning in the wake of COVID-19: Longitudinal data from the German family panel (pairfam). J Soc Pers Relat 2022; 39:3183-3203. [PMID: 38603129 PMCID: PMC9047667 DOI: 10.1177/02654075221092360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Individuals all across the world experienced significant disruptions in their personal and family life with the outbreak of the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The current study investigated dynamic associations between stress and relationship functioning over time in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Perceived stress, relationship satisfaction, and relationship quality (appreciation, intimacy, conflict) were reported by 1483 young to middle-aged participants who were in a romantic relationship and lived with their partner in 2018/2019 and in May-July 2020 (a few months after the onset of COVID-19). Data were analyzed using bivariate latent change score models. Relationship functioning (satisfaction, appreciation, intimacy) showed small decreases from before to during the pandemic. Contrary to expectations, levels of perceived stress also decreased on average from before to during the pandemic. Changes in relationship functioning were correlated with changes in stress over time, so that participants with greater decreases in relationship satisfaction, appreciation, and intimacy and greater increases in conflict from before to during the pandemic showed lesser decreases/greater increases in stress. Higher pre-pandemic relationship satisfaction was associated with greater decreases/lesser increases in stress from before to during the pandemic. Pre-pandemic levels of other measures of relationship functioning or stress were not associated with changes in outcomes over time. Results add to the literature demonstrating that stress is closely intertwined with the functioning of intimate relationships. Furthermore, they suggest that greater relationship satisfaction may serve as a protective factor for stressful life events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Pauly
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority
Program “Dynamic of Healthy Aging”, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Janina Lüscher
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Corina Berli
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urte Scholz
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority
Program “Dynamic of Healthy Aging”, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Barton AW, Lavner JA, Sutton NC, Smith SM, Beach SRH. African Americans' relationship quality and depressive symptoms: A longitudinal investigation of the Marital Discord Model. J Fam Psychol 2022; 36:1061-1072. [PMID: 35099234 PMCID: PMC9665872 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to examine the complex bidirectional associations between relationship quality and depressive symptoms among African American couples. Informed by the Marital Discord Model, particular attention was devoted to understanding the unique associations of positive and negative dimensions of relationship functioning with depressive symptoms over time, the time frames over which these effects occur, and the model's applicability for African American couples. One hundred seventy-four African American couples (N = 348 individuals) provided information on depressive symptoms, relationship satisfaction, ineffective arguing, and partner support four times over a 25-month period. Hypotheses were tested using Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Models to separate between- and within-person effects. Results indicated that between-person associations with depressive symptoms were significant for relationship satisfaction (negative association) and ineffective arguing (positive association), but not partner support. Within-person concurrent effects were also significant with depressive symptoms and each of the relationship processes under investigation. Within-person 8-month lagged effects were only significant for partner support and depressive symptoms (negative association); these effects were significant in both directions, but stronger from support to depressive symptoms than from depressive symptoms to support. Study findings provide increased conceptual and analytic precision for understanding the association between couples' relationship quality and African Americans' mental health, including malleable relationship factors that can be targeted in family-focused interventions to promote individual and couple well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen W. Barton
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | | | - Naya C. Sutton
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Shardé McNeil Smith
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Steven R. H. Beach
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens
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10
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Jennings SW, Torres-Hostos LR, Rose RA, Leal RM. The impact of Strong Families, Strong Communities on relationship functioning in low-income African American and Hispanic individuals: Findings from a federally funded randomized control trial. Fam Process 2022; 61:1080-1096. [PMID: 35149988 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Low-income minorities face many complex barriers to building stable and healthy relationships. AVANCE Houston, a non-profit community-based organization in Houston, Texas, developed the Strong Families, Strong Communities (SFSC) program to address such barriers by providing interactive healthy marriage and relationship skills workshops to low-income English- and Spanish-speaking Hispanic and English-speaking African American individuals. Using a randomized control trial (RCT) design with random assignment to the 7-week treatment group (n = 649) or a 12-month wait-list control group (n = 600), we examined the impact of the program on four dimensions of relationship functioning: relationship satisfaction, connectedness, and quality; and conflict resolution, at post-test and then 6 and 12 months later. Using a repeated measure multilevel model with a difference-in-difference impact estimate, we found that all four dimensions of relationship functioning improved with small effect sizes that were larger than those found in previous relationship education programs for low-income individuals (Cohen's d's of 0.18 for relationship satisfaction, 0.24 for connectedness, 0.19 for quality, and 0.20 for conflict resolution). Findings from this study provide evidence of program effectiveness on dimensions of relationship functioning for low-income minorities, comparable to or better than those seen in other healthy marriage program RCTs. The findings of this impact evaluation are promising regarding the impact of programs like SFSC on dimensions of relationship functioning in low-income Hispanic and African American participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheara W Jennings
- Graduate College of Social Work, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Luis R Torres-Hostos
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Roderick A Rose
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Roberta M Leal
- Department of Clinical, Health and Applied Sciences, University of Houston-Clear Lake, Clear Lake, Texas, USA
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11
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Sandoval CM, Romano KA, Heron KE, Dawson CA, Sutton TG, Winstead BA, Lewis RJ. Associations between body dissatisfaction and relationship functioning among same-sex female couples: An actor-partner interdependence model. J Fam Psychol 2022; 36:780-790. [PMID: 34968096 PMCID: PMC9651090 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nearly all past research about body dissatisfaction and romantic relationship factors is among heterosexual couples; little is known about these associations in sexual minority couples. The present study aimed to fill gaps in the current literature by using actor-partner interdependence models (APIMs) to examine dyadic patterns of association between body dissatisfaction and different aspects of relationship functioning among same-sex female couples. Participants were 163 same-sex female romantic dyads (326 women) between the ages of 18-35 years who completed measures of body dissatisfaction and relationship factors. Results from significance testing of actor and partner effects indicated higher levels of women's own body dissatisfaction were associated with lower levels of their own, but not their partner's, relationship satisfaction, closeness, sexual satisfaction, and intimacy/connectedness. Significance testing alone indicated that the association between one's own body dissatisfaction and their partner's relationship satisfaction was not significant. However, dyadic pattern testing identified a partner pattern for this effect, which suggests that the association between one's own body dissatisfaction and one's own relationship satisfaction is similar in magnitude and direction as that between an individuals' own body dissatisfaction and their partner's relationship satisfaction. In this study, women's own body dissatisfaction was found to be negatively associated with their own relationship functioning, which is consistent with findings of women in male-female couples. Thus, these findings highlight the important role that body dissatisfaction plays in women's relationship experiences. More research is needed to better understand potential cross-partner effects of body dissatisfaction and relationship factors in same-sex female couples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kristin E. Heron
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology
- Old Dominion University
| | | | | | | | - Robin J. Lewis
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology
- Old Dominion University
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Casey K, King R, Banner J, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M. Romantic relationship quality and functioning for individuals with clinical and sub-clinical social anxiety: a scoping review. J Ment Health 2022; 32:670-698. [PMID: 35786177 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2022.2091755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is associated with pervasive functional impairments and chronicity. Romantic relationship functioning and quality for individuals with SAD has been previously explored but existing studies have not been synthesised. AIMS This scoping review charted existing literature regarding the quality and functioning of romantic relationships for people with SAD and high sub-clinical social anxiety (SA). METHODS The review used a scoping approach to explore the current evidence base relating to SA, romantic relationship quality and functioning. Articles published in English after 1980 that reported either clinical or high sub-clinical SA were eligible. Double screening, data extraction, quality assessment, and thematic analysis of studies was conducted. RESULTS 50 studies from 46 articles were identified, involving a range of community, college, adolescent, and clinical samples. Thematic analysis identified four themes; Relationship Quality, Satisfaction and Commitment; Communication and Self-Disclosure; Conflict, Social Support and Trust; Intimacy, Closeness and Sexual Satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS The review highlights that evidence relating to romantic relationship functioning for individuals with SAD and high sub-clinical SA is heterogeneous, with relationship initiation in particular relatively under-explored. Further research is required to elucidate key constructs and interpersonal processes related to relationship functioning, and to inform treatment approaches with this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Casey
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Ross King
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer Banner
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
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13
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Saita E, Ferraris G, Acquati C, Molgora S, Sorge A, Valenti F, Grassi MM, Vagnini D. Dyadic Profiles of Couples Coping With Body Image Concerns After Breast Cancer: Preliminary Results of a Cluster Analysis. Front Psychol 2022; 13:869905. [PMID: 35401315 PMCID: PMC8983958 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.869905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer treatments have multiple adverse effects, including concerns about body appearance and function that are experienced by most patients. Altered body image negatively affects mental health, social, and relationship functioning. While the relationship with a partner is critical for patients’ psychological wellbeing and partners can promote positive body image, limited research has investigated individual and relational factors affecting the experience of both. This cross-sectional study aimed at (1) exploring rates of body image concerns among breast cancer patients, and (2) identifying dyadic profiles among participating dyads. Couples composed by patients who had undergone surgery and their romantic partners (n = 32) were recruited from the Breast Unit of a hospital in northern Italy. Both partners completed measures of personality characteristics (BFQ-2), psychological distress (HADS), coping flexibility (PACT), dyadic coping (DCQ), and closeness (IOS). Body image (BIS) and adjustment to cancer (Mini-MAC) measures were completed by patients only. K-mean cluster analyses identified 2-cluster solution among patients and partners, respectively. “Active patients” (cluster-1) reported low rates of body image concerns (p < 0.001), anxious preoccupation, negative dyadic coping, and self-oriented stress communication (p < 0.05), compared to “worried patients” (cluster-2). “Comfortable partners” (cluster-1) reported lower anxiety and depression (p < 0.001), self-oriented negative dyadic coping and closeness (p < 0.05) than “uncomfortable partners” (cluster-2). Three different dyadic profiles emerged: functional, dysfunctional, and ambivalent. Significant variations (p < 0.05) by anxiety, depression, and delegating dyadic coping existed. Results indicate there are groups of couples at greater risk for impaired psychological distress and body image concerns, which should be addressed in the context of dyadic psychosocial interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Saita
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Ferraris
- Department of Health Psychology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Chiara Acquati
- Graduate College of Social Work, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Health Disparities Research, The UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sara Molgora
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonia Sorge
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Denise Vagnini
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
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14
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Akın A, Winter SM, Sarrar L. An Empirical Investigation of Psychodynamic Conflicts in Stable Couples. Psychodyn Psychiatry 2022; 50:689-705. [PMID: 36476028 DOI: 10.1521/pdps.2022.50.4.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Previous investigations have shown that stressful and pathological developments in couple relationships can be psychodynamically explained by rigid unconscious couple collusions. This manuscript presents and discusses the findings of a pilot study in which the psychodynamic conflicts of stable and "functioning" couples were empirically explored. Methods: We studied 116 couples (N = 232) who were currently married or in a steady relationship, had at least one child together, and showed no signs of mental disorders. Psychodynamic conflicts were measured using the OPD Conflict Questionnaire, and the Patient Health Questionnaire was used to screen for mental disorders. Results: Significant differences in the mean scores of psychodynamic conflicts between mothers and fathers appeared in the individuation versus dependency conflict, the self-worth conflict, and the guilt conflict. The maternal and paternal self-worth conflicts were associated with their socio-economic status. Parent couples mainly showed positive associations in the same coping modes and correlations between different conflict topics. Discussion: Our results provide initial insights into the psychodynamic conflicts of mothers and fathers from a nonclinical population and indicate that healthy and stable couple relationships are characterized by concordant and health-promoting ways of dealing with inner conflicts. Future longitudinal studies are needed to understand the influences of psychodynamic conflicts on the formation and maintenance of well-functioning and lasting relationships between couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslı Akın
- Doctoral student at the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and works at the Unit for Psychosomatic Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité-Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin
| | - Sibylle M Winter
- Professor and the Assistant Director of the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Lea Sarrar
- Professor at the Department of Psychology, Faculty of Sciences, MSB Medical School Berlin
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15
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McNeil GD, Repetti RL. Increases in positive emotions as precursors to therapeutic change. Clin Psychol Psychother 2021; 29:1113-1124. [PMID: 34862687 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Increases in positive emotions may not only be indicators of progress in therapy but also precursors to that improvement. Conducted in a psychology training clinic, this naturalistic, repeated-measures study tracked changes over the course of therapy in 34 clients' emotional experience and two of the primary targets of clinical interventions, symptom distress and relationship functioning. During treatment, positive emotions increased, negative emotions decreased, and improvements were seen in therapeutic outcomes. Positive and negative emotions were correlated, as were changes in positive and negative emotions. However, despite this association, increases in positive emotions were a significant predictor of concurrent improvements in symptom distress and relationship functioning, even when decreases in negative emotions were included in the same model. Additionally, positive emotions not only predicted change in these treatment outcomes over the same time period, but they also predicted future change. This study contributes to research on the critical role positive emotions play in psychotherapy and may encourage the development of interventions focusing on increasing positive emotions. These findings highlight the distinct functioning of positive emotions separate from negative and the value of attending to positive emotions during therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galen D McNeil
- University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, USA
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16
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Rothman K, Georgia Salivar E, Roddy MK, Hatch SG, Doss BD. Sexual Assault Among Women in College: Immediate and Long-Term Associations With Mental Health, Psychosocial Functioning, and Romantic Relationships. J Interpers Violence 2021; 36:9600-9622. [PMID: 31423886 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519870158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The current study sought to examine immediate and long-term consequences of college sexual assault (C-SA) among women with no prior sexual assault history. While much is known regarding the short-term negative impact of C-SA, the current study examines whether C-SA is associated with immediate academic and psychosocial consequences as well as long-term poorer mental health (depression, posttraumatic stress [PTS], anxiety) and interpersonal functioning (relationship quality, sexual and emotional intimacy). In addition, the current study explores potential moderators of these associations, including race, the nature of the assault, resulting injury, relation to perpetrator, and whether the assault was reported. A stratified design was used comparing women who experienced C-SA (n = 201) to women with no C-SA history (n = 203) controlling for age, education, race, and ethnicity. Results from a series of repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) demonstrated that across race and ethnicity, women with a history of C-SA reported lower grade-point averages, more missed classes, and fewer serious romantic relationships in college following the assault. Furthermore, results from a series of linear and logistic regression revealed that approximately 9 years later, women who experienced C-SA reported greater symptoms of depression, anxiety, and PTS as well as lower emotional and sexual intimacy. These associations differed by a number of assault variables (assault type, relation to perpetrator, amount of fear reported, physical injuries sustained, whether the assault was reported, whether medical treatment was sought). The current study further confirms the significant and pervasive impact of C-SA associated with women's health and functioning, warranting further intervention to both reduce the incidence of C-SA and expand the reach of existing mental health interventions to survivors.
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17
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Li X, Kuelz A, Boyd S, August K, Markey C, Butler E. Corrigendum: Exploring Physiological Linkage in Same-Sex Male Couples. Front Psychol 2021; 12:720779. [PMID: 34326803 PMCID: PMC8314209 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.720779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Li
- Department of Family Studies and Human Development, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ashley Kuelz
- Department of Family Studies and Human Development, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Savannah Boyd
- Department of Psychology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Kristin August
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Charlotte Markey
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Emily Butler
- Department of Family Studies and Human Development, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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18
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Doyle DM, Molix L. Reconciling Associations Between Minority Stress and Sexual Minority Romantic Relationship Functioning. Front Psychol 2021; 12:707058. [PMID: 34248806 PMCID: PMC8267149 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.707058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Matthew Doyle
- Washington Singer Laboratories, Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Molix
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
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19
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Li X, Kuelz A, Boyd S, August K, Markey C, Butler E. Exploring Physiological Linkage in Same-Sex Male Couples. Front Psychol 2021; 11:619255. [PMID: 33536984 PMCID: PMC7848119 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.619255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We explore physiological linkage (i.e., covariation of physiological channels between interacting partners; PL) among 34 same-sex male couples. Interbeat interval, an indicator of cardiovascular arousal, was collected across four conversational contexts in the lab: (1) a baseline period that did not involve conversation, (2) a conversation about body image, (3) a conversation about health goals, and (4) a recovery period that allowed for unstructured conversation. We used a newly developed R statistical package (i.e., rties; Butler and Barnard, 2019) that simplifies the use of dynamic models for investigating interpersonal emotional processes. We identified two different PL patterns: (1) a simple one that was characterized by stable synchronization and low frequency of oscillation; and (2) a complex one that was characterized by drifting synchronization, high frequency of oscillation, and eventual damping. Guided by social baseline theory and the reactive flexibility perspective, we explored the interactions between couple relationship functioning (i.e., love, conflict, commitment, sexual satisfaction, and relationship length) and conversational context as predictors of the PL patterns. The results suggest that partners in well-functioning relationships and emotionally challenging situations may be especially likely to show complex PL patterns that may reflect (or support) coregulatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Li
- Department of Family Studies and Human Development, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ashley Kuelz
- Department of Family Studies and Human Development, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Savannah Boyd
- Department of Psychology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Kristin August
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Charlotte Markey
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Emily Butler
- Department of Family Studies and Human Development, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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20
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Abstract
Current models of relationship functioning often emphasize conflict with a particular focus on the behaviors that occur in that context. Much less is known about the impact of time spent interacting in the absence of conflict. The primary aim of this study is to test associations between time spent in various forms of daily interaction (engaging in a shared activity, talking, and arguing) and multiple relationship outcomes while controlling for positive and negative communication during conflict. The present sample consists of 49 married couples (N = 98 individuals). Data were analyzed using multilevel models to account for non-independence of the data. Consistent with previous literature, communication behaviors were related to relationship outcomes. After controlling for communication, couples who spent more time arguing per day were less satisfied in their relationships, and perceived greater negative qualities in their relationships. Finally, couples who spend a larger proportion of their time together talking reported greater satisfaction, perceived more positive qualities in their relationships, and experienced greater closeness. These findings suggest that low salience interactions account for unique variance in relationship functioning above and beyond what is currently studied. Future research is needed to determine possible mechanisms by which low salience interactions are related to relationship outcomes.
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21
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Benoot C, Enzlin P, Peremans L, Bilsen J. A Qualitative Study About How Nurses in Belgium Offer Relationship Support to Couples in Palliative Care. J Fam Nurs 2020; 26:38-51. [PMID: 31452429 DOI: 10.1177/1074840719866838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although palliative care nurses are identified as key players in supporting couples during advanced illness, there is a lack of evidence about their knowledge and experiences with this particular role. The aim of the study was to explore palliative care nurses' attitudes, roles, and experiences in addressing relationship functioning of couples in daily practice. A qualitative study was conducted using in-depth interviews, observational research, and peer debriefing groups with palliative care nurses in Flanders, Belgium. Nurses support relationship functioning by creating a couple-positive care environment, by being present/acknowledging feelings, and by rectifying imbalances between couples. They do so in a proactive way, backed up by team support. Nurses hesitate toward explicitly unraveling and intervening in relationship problems, in favor of providing comfort or offering a strengths-based approach. The findings offer an urgent call to enhance the educational programs for palliative care nurses by integrating the theories and practice frameworks that guide relational assessment and intervention, which are being used in family nursing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lieve Peremans
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Belgium
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22
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Lavner JA, Barton AW, Beach SRH. Improving Couples' Relationship Functioning Leads to Improved Coparenting: A Randomized Controlled Trial With Rural African American Couples. Behav Ther 2019; 50:1016-1029. [PMID: 31735238 PMCID: PMC6866661 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Family-centered prevention programs for couples with children are being increasingly disseminated, with the hope that improving couples' romantic relationships will lead to other benefits for families. To date, however, it is unclear whether these interventions do in fact yield these benefits. The current study addressed this gap by examining whether postintervention improvements in couples' relationship functioning following family-centered prevention predicted longer-term change in coparenting, and whether postintervention improvements in coparenting predicted longer-term change in relationship functioning. We used four waves of data collected over 2 years from 346 rural African American couples with an early adolescent child who participated in a randomized controlled trial of the Protecting Strong African American Families (ProSAAF) program, an intervention designed to promote strong couple, coparenting, and parent-child relationships in two-parent African American families. Results indicated that ProSAAF had significant short-term positive effects on both romantic relationship functioning and coparenting and that these effects did not differ in magnitude. Over time, however, only romantic relationship functioning postintervention was positively associated with long-term changes in coparenting; coparenting postintervention was not associated with long-term changes in relationship functioning and this association was significantly weaker than the other pathway. These findings support a key premise underlying relationship enhancement programs for parents, indicating that improving couples' romantic relationship functioning can have longer-term benefits for the coparenting relationship as well. Further research examining long-term parent, child, and family outcomes following family-centered prevention for couples and the mechanisms of change underlying these outcomes is needed.
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23
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Varner S, Lloyd G, Ranby KW, Callan S, Robertson C, Lipkus IM. Illness uncertainty, partner support, and quality of life: A dyadic longitudinal investigation of couples facing prostate cancer. Psychooncology 2019; 28:2188-2194. [PMID: 31418505 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prostate cancer (PC) and its treatment often result in chronic, negative side-effects that affect both patients and their romantic partners. Illness uncertainty is a chronic stressor that impacts PC patients and their partners and, if left unmanaged, predicts decreased interpersonal functioning and quality of life (QOL) after treatment is complete. This study explored associations among psychosocial constructs, measured from both partners during the first year following a PC diagnosis, to better understand both partners' experiences and identify potential intervention targets for improving QOL. METHODS Couples (N = 165) in which one partner was undergoing treatment for PC were recruited from the Duke University Medical Center of Urology. Patients and their partners were surveyed at four time points: diagnosis and 1-, 6-, and 12-months post treatment. An Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) framework was used to examine associations among perceived partner support, nonsupportive behaviors, illness uncertainty, relationship satisfaction, and physical and mental QOL. RESULTS Partners feeling more supported at diagnosis was related to patients feeling more supported at 6 months. When patients' illness uncertainty decreased between diagnosis and 1 month, partners reported feeling more supported and engaging in fewer nonsupportive behaviors at 6-months post-treatment. Finally, partners' reports of support at 6 months predicted patients' 12-month ratings of physical and mental QOL and relationship satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight psychological interdependence between PC patients and their partners. Future interventions to improve long-term QOL in couples facing PC may benefit by targeting both partner support and illness uncertainty.
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Abstract
Although marijuana use has been linked to negative consequences for intimate relationships, an emerging literature suggests that under some circumstances it may have positive consequences. Couples who use substances together report better relationship functioning over time and may experience positive short-term outcomes. Using a sample of 183 heterosexual, frequent marijuana-using couples from the community, reporting over 30 consecutive days, we examined whether marijuana use episodes were associated temporally with reports of couple intimacy experiences within the next two hours. We used multilevel modeling, within an Actor Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) framework, modeling male and female outcomes simultaneously. Consistent with hypotheses, simultaneous marijuana use (male and female partners reported use at the same hour) increased the likelihood of an intimate experience for both men and women. However, we also found positive effects for Actor and Partner solo marijuana use on male and female reports of intimacy events. When analyses were limited to marijuana use episodes in which the respondent reported on presence of partner, we found that positive effects on intimate experiences were limited to marijuana use episodes in which partner was present; use without partner did not influence likelihood of intimacy. The robust positive effects of using marijuana with one's partner on intimacy events may serve to reinforce continued couple use and explain the positive effects of concordant substance use on relationship functioning over time.
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25
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Abstract
Racial discrimination is a common stressor for African Americans, with negative consequences for mental and physical well-being. It is likely that these effects extend into the family, but little research has examined the association between racial discrimination and couple functioning. This study used dyadic data from 344 rural, predominantly low-income heterosexual African American couples with an early adolescent child to examine associations between self-reported racial discrimination, psychological and physical aggression, and relationship satisfaction and instability. Experiences of discrimination were common among men and women and were negatively associated with relationship functioning. Specifically, men reported higher levels of psychological aggression and relationship instability if they experienced higher levels of racial discrimination, and women reported higher levels of physical aggression if they experienced higher levels of racial discrimination. All results replicated when controlling for financial hardship, indicating unique effects for discrimination. Findings suggest that racial discrimination may be negatively associated with relationship functioning among African Americans and call for further research on the processes underlying these associations and their long-term consequences. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Steven R. H. Beach
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia
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26
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Georgia EJ, Roddy MK, Doss BD. Sexual Assault and Dyadic Relationship Satisfaction: Indirect Associations Through Intimacy and Mental Health. Violence Against Women 2018; 24:936-951. [PMID: 29332518 DOI: 10.1177/1077801217727371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rates of child and adult sexual assault (SA) among women are staggering and place women at risk for intra- and interpersonal difficulties. However, the independent contributions of child and adult SA or the mechanisms of this risk are unknown. This study's goal was to examine the indirect effects of child and adult SA on women's own and partner's relationship functioning through their impact on women's mental health, emotional intimacy, and sexual intimacy. Results revealed that the association of women's child SA with both her own and her partner's relationship satisfaction operated through emotional intimacy. Considerations for the study of women with a history of SA in the context of couple functioning are discussed.
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27
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Belus JM, Kline T, Carney T, Myers B, Wechsberg WM. Measuring Relationship Functioning in South African Couples: A Strategy for Improving HIV Prevention Efforts. Sex Relation Ther 2018; 35:2-14. [PMID: 32728347 PMCID: PMC7388832 DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2017.1419559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade there has been increased focus on targeting couples in HIV prevention efforts, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where HIV transmission primarily occurs through heterosexual contact, in the context of intersecting alcohol use and intimate partner violence (IPV). However, little is known about couples' general relationship functioning. This understanding is needed to augment couple-based HIV prevention programs and address risk for IPV. This paper presents data on domains of relationship functioning with 300 South African couples who were recruited for an HIV prevention study. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to determine the relevance of 17 individual items, as well as the overall factor structure of the questions. Results revealed three independent factors of relationship functioning: relationship satisfaction, arguing, and open communication; an overarching construct of relationship functioning for these three domains was not observed in the data. Results provide insight into the structure of relationship functioning questions and subscales that can be used to assess South African adult romantic relationships. This may allow for a greater focus on aspects of relationships within couple-based HIV prevention programs going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Belus
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Davie Hall CB # 3270, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Tracy Kline
- Statistics and Epidemiology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Rd., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Tara Carney
- Alcohol Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Drive, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, J-Block, Groote Schurr Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bronwyn Myers
- Alcohol Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Drive, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, J-Block, Groote Schurr Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wendee M. Wechsberg
- Substance Use, Gender and Applied Research, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Rd., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Psychology in the Public Interest, North Carolina State University, 640 Poe Hall, CB#7650, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, 4584 White Zone, Duke South, CB#3950, Durham, NC, USA
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28
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Abstract
We proposed that the premise that monogamy is the exemplary form of romantic partnership underlies much theory and research on relationship quality, and we addressed how this bias has prompted methodological issues that make it difficult to effectively address the quality of nonmonogamous relationships. Because the idea that consensually nonmonogamous (CNM) relationships are functional (i.e., satisfying and of high quality) is controversial, we included a basic study to assess, in a variety of ways, the quality of these relationships. In that study, we found few differences in relationship functioning between individuals engaged in monogamy and those in CNM relationships. We then considered how existing theories could help researchers to understand CNM relationships and how CNM relationships could shed light on relationship processes, and we proposed a model of how CNM and monogamous relationships differ. Finally, in a second study, we determined that even researchers who present data about CNM are affected by the stigma surrounding such relationships. That is, researchers presenting findings favoring polyamory were perceived as more biased than researchers presenting findings favoring monogamy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri Conley
- 1 Department of Psychology, University of Michigan
| | - Jessica Matsick
- 2 Departments of Psychology and Women's, Gender, & Sexuality Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
| | | | - Ali Ziegler
- 1 Department of Psychology, University of Michigan
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29
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Employing a couple-centered approach to social motivation in intimate relationships, we developed a dyadic typology based on the ABC model of communal and agentic social desires. METHOD Using latent profile analysis, 631 heterosexual couples (age women: M = 39.7, SD = 13.6; age men: M = 42.0, SD = 14.1) were categorized regarding both partners' self-reported desires for closeness with partner, for affiliation with friends, and for being alone. Couple types were described using self-reported indicators of relationship functioning. Relationship stability was assessed after 1 year, and in stable couples, social desires were reassessed to examine continuity and change. RESULTS We identified four motivational couple types. Three profiles showed similar orientations between partners and were labeled the communion, closeness, and distance couple types. Additionally, the distanced-man type was characterized by a low desire for closeness and a high desire for being alone in men, but not women. The communion and closeness types showed better relationship functioning than the other types, and the distanced-man type showed an increased rate of relationship break-up. CONCLUSIONS A couple-centered, typological approach provides a viable way of studying complex dyadic motivational constellations and their consequences. This is beneficial for researchers as well as practitioners.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anger have been implicated separately in relationship dysfunction for veterans; however, no studies have simultaneously examined the roles of each of these constructs. METHOD This study examined the roles of PTSD and anger in the relationships of Vietnam veterans and their partners (n = 33 couples) with actor-partner interdependence modeling (APIM). Couples in which the veteran was diagnosed with PTSD (PTSD-positive; n = 20) were compared to couples in which the veteran did not have PTSD (PTSD-negative; n = 13) on measures of frequency of anger and relationship functioning. RESULTS PTSD-positive and PTSD-negative couples reported similar levels of relationship functioning, yet PTSD-positive veterans reported experiencing anger significantly more often than PTSD-negative veterans. Across groups, anger was predictive of relationship functioning, but PTSD severity was not. CONCLUSIONS Trait anger may have a more deleterious effect on relationship functioning than PTSD symptoms. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika M Roberge
- Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center. .,National Center for Veterans Studies & The University of Utah.
| | | | | | - Craig J Bryan
- National Center for Veterans Studies & The University of Utah
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Stachowski C, Stephenson R. Homophobia and communal coping for HIV risk management among gay men in relationships. Arch Sex Behav 2015; 44:467-74. [PMID: 25614049 PMCID: PMC4347802 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-014-0417-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Men who have sex with men (MSM) remain disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic in the US and estimates suggest that one to two-thirds of new infections occur among main partners. Previous research has focused on individual MSM and their risk for HIV, yet couples' ability to manage risk has been largely understudied. In particular, the role that homophobia plays in shaping the ability of gay male couples to cope with HIV risk is currently understudied. A sample of 447 gay/bisexual men with main partners was taken from a 2011 survey of gay and bisexual men in Atlanta. Linear regression models were fitted for three couples' coping outcome scales (outcome efficacy, couple efficacy, communal coping) and included indicators of homophobia (internalized homophobia and homophobic discrimination). Findings indicate that reporting of increased levels of internalized homophobia were consistently associated with decreased outcome measures of couples' coping ability regarding risk management. The results highlight the role that homophobia plays in gay male couples' relationships and HIV risk, extending the existing literature in the field of same-sex relationships as influenced by homophobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Stachowski
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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Abstract
Few studies examine how relationship factors influence sexual risk. We investigated gender differences of the influence of relationship functioning on sexual risk behavior and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among 296 young pregnant couples. Compared to women, men were twice as likely to have a concurrent partner, were less likely to intend to be monogamous in the future, had less HIV/STI knowledge and more perceived risk for HIV/STI, negative attitudes and efficacy toward condom use (all P < 0.05). For men, poor relationship functioning related to less intentions to be monogamous, more partner concurrency, worse sexual communication, and more condom use. For women, poor relationship functioning related to worse sexual communication and less condom use. In addition, women who had good relationship functioning and women who had partners with poor relationship functioning were more likely to have an STI. These results demonstrate the need to include heterosexual men and relationship factors in HIV prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trace Kershaw
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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Abstract
Individual coping strategies and dyadic coping independently predict partner well-being and relationship functioning; however, it is unclear whether the coping processes are inter-related and whether they uniquely contribute to romantic relationship functioning. One hundred heterosexual dating couples rated the individual coping strategy of negative mood regulation as well as positive and negative dyadic coping. Relationship functioning was assessed via partners' reports of relationship satisfaction and observers' ratings of negative interaction in conflict. Actor-Partner Interdependence Models (APIMs; Cook & Kenny, 2005; Kashy & Kenny, 2000) revealed associations between individual coping and dyadic coping in the predicted directions. APIMs also indicated the unique contributions of positive and negative dyadic coping to relationship functioning, above and beyond contributions of individual coping strategies. Implications of dyadic coping as a target of efforts to prevent or treat partner and/or relational distress are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Papp
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Abstract
This longitudinal study examined the effect of the birth of the 1st child on relationship functioning using data from 218 couples (436 individuals) over the course of the first 8 years of marriage. Compared with prebirth levels and trajectories, parents showed sudden deterioration following birth on observed and self-reported measures of positive and negative aspects of relationship functioning. The deterioration in these variables was small to medium in size and tended to persist throughout the remaining years of the study. Mothers and fathers showed similar amounts of change after birth. The amount of postbirth deterioration in relationship functioning varied systematically by several characteristics of the individual, the marriage, and the pregnancy itself. In a group of couples who did not have children, results indicated more gradual deterioration in relationship functioning during the first 8 years of marriage without the sudden changes seen in parents, suggesting that the results seen in the parent sample may be due to birth.
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