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Abdelkader I, Guisán JM, Sayari A, Fernández-Lorente G. Various Strategies for the Immobilization of a Phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus for the Modulation of Its Biochemical Properties. Molecules 2024; 29:1467. [PMID: 38611747 PMCID: PMC11013441 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effect of various immobilization methods on the biochemical properties of phospholipase C (PLC) from Bacillus cereus obtained from the oily soil located in Sfax, Tunisia, was described. Different supports were checked: octyl sepharose, glyoxyl agarose in the presence of N-acetyl cysteine, and Q-sepharose. In the immobilization by hydrophobic adsorption, a hyperactivation of the PLCBc was obtained with a fold of around 2 times. The recovery activity after immobilization on Q-sepharose and glyoxyl agarose in the presence of N-acetyl cysteine was 80% and 58%, respectively. Furthermore, the biochemical characterization showed an important improvement in the three immobilized enzymes. The performance of the various immobilized PLCBc was compared with the soluble enzyme. The derivatives acquired using Q-sepharose, octyl sepharose, and glyoxyl agarose were stable at 50 °C, 60 °C, and 70 °C. Nevertheless, the three derivatives were more stable in a large range of pH than the soluble enzyme. The three derivatives and the free enzyme were stable in 50% (v/v) ethanol, hexane, methanol, and acetone. The glyoxyl agarose derivative showed high long-term storage at 4 °C, with an activity of 60% after 19 days. These results suggest the sustainable biotechnological application of the developed immobilized enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Abdelkader
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, PB 1173, Km 4 Road Soukra, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (I.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Jose M. Guisán
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP, CSIC), Marie Curie, 2, UAM Campus, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Adel Sayari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, PB 1173, Km 4 Road Soukra, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (I.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Gloria Fernández-Lorente
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Food Biocatalysis, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera, 9, UAM Campus, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Abdelkader I, Ben Mabrouk S, Hadrich B, Refai M, Fendri A, Sayari A. Optimization using response surface methodology of phospholipase C production from Bacillus cereus suitable for soybean oil degumming. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 53:1165-1175. [PMID: 36794326 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2177867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
This work deals with the optimization of an extracellular phospholipase C production by Bacillus cereus (PLCBc) using Response Surface Methodology (RMS) and Box-Behnken design. In fact, after optimization, a maximum phospholipase activity (51 U/ml) was obtained after 6 h of cultivation on tryptone (10 g/L), yeast extract (10 g/L), NaCl (8.125 g/L), pH 7.5 with initial OD (0.15). The PLCBc activity, esteemed by the model (51 U) was very approximate to activity gutted experimentally (50 U). The PLCBc can be considered as thermoactive phospholipase since it showed a maximal activity of 50 U/mL at 60 °C using egg yolk or egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) as substrate. In addition, the enzyme was active at pH 7 and is stable after incubation at 55 °C for 30 min. The application of B. cereus phospholipase C in soybean oil degumming was investigated. Our results showed that when using enzymatic degumming, the residual phosphorus decrease more than with water degumming, indeed, it passes from 718 ppm in soybean crude oil to 100 ppm and 52 ppm by degumming using water and enzymatic process, respectively. The diacylgycerol (DAG) yield showed an increase of 1.2% with enzymatic degumming compared to soybean crude oil. This makes our enzyme a potential candidate for food industrial applications such as enzymatic degumming of vegetable oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Abdelkader
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sameh Ben Mabrouk
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Bilel Hadrich
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, IMSIU, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Refai
- College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Fendri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Adel Sayari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Feng C, Fang H, Wang F, Chen W, Xia LC, Lan D, Wang Y. Crystal Structure of Fungal Nonspecific Phospholipase C Unveils a Distinct Catalytic Mechanism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:16352-16361. [PMID: 37800479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonspecific phospholipase C (NPC) plays a pivotal role in hydrolyzing phospholipids, releasing diacylglycerol─an essential second messenger. Extensive research has elucidated the structure and function of bacterial and plant NPCs, but our understanding of their fungal counterparts remains limited. Here, we present the first crystal structure of a fungal NPC derived from Rasamsonia emersonii (RePLC), unraveling its distinguishable features divergent from other known phospholipase C. Remarkably, the structure of RePLC contains solely the phosphoesterase domain without the crucial C-terminal domain (CTD) found in plant NPCs, although CTD is important for their activity. Through a comparative analysis of structural features among NPCs from diverse species combined with structure-based mutation analyses and bioinformatics methods, we propose a potential molecular mechanism that may universally underlie the catalysis of phospholipid hydrolysis in fungal NPCs. Furthermore, our study sheds light on the captivating evolutionary trajectory of enzymes across diverse species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Feng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hao Fang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fanghua Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Youmei Institute of Intelligent Bio-manufacturing, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Wen Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Li C Xia
- School of Mathematics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dongming Lan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Youmei Institute of Intelligent Bio-manufacturing, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Youmei Institute of Intelligent Bio-manufacturing, Foshan 528225, China
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Buchacher T, Digruber A, Kranzler M, Del Favero G, Ehling-Schulz M. Bacillus cereus extracellular vesicles act as shuttles for biologically active multicomponent enterotoxins. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:112. [PMID: 37189133 PMCID: PMC10184354 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from Gram-positive bacteria have gained considerable importance as a novel transport system of virulence factors in host-pathogen interactions. Bacillus cereus is a Gram-positive human pathogen, causing gastrointestinal toxemia as well as local and systemic infections. The pathogenicity of enteropathogenic B. cereus has been linked to a collection of virulence factors and exotoxins. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism of virulence factor secretion and delivery to target cells is poorly understood. RESULTS Here, we investigate the production and characterization of enterotoxin-associated EVs from the enteropathogenic B. cereus strain NVH0075-95 by using a proteomics approach and studied their interaction with human host cells in vitro. For the first time, comprehensive analyses of B. cereus EV proteins revealed virulence-associated factors, such as sphingomyelinase, phospholipase C, and the three-component enterotoxin Nhe. The detection of Nhe subunits was confirmed by immunoblotting, showing that the low abundant subunit NheC was exclusively detected in EVs as compared to vesicle-free supernatant. Cholesterol-dependent fusion and predominantly dynamin-mediated endocytosis of B. cereus EVs with the plasma membrane of intestinal epithelial Caco2 cells represent entry routes for delivery of Nhe components to host cells, which was assessed by confocal microscopy and finally led to delayed cytotoxicity. Furthermore, we could show that B. cereus EVs elicit an inflammatory response in human monocytes and contribute to erythrocyte lysis via a cooperative interaction of enterotoxin Nhe and sphingomyelinase. CONCLUSION Our results provide insights into the interaction of EVs from B. cereus with human host cells and add a new layer of complexity to our understanding of multicomponent enterotoxin assembly, offering new opportunities to decipher molecular processes involved in disease development. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Buchacher
- Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Digruber
- Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Kranzler
- Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Ehling-Schulz
- Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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Zhang X, Yu D, Wu D, Gao X, Shao F, Zhao M, Wang J, Ma J, Wang W, Qin X, Chen Y, Xia P, Wang S. Tissue-resident Lachnospiraceae family bacteria protect against colorectal carcinogenesis by promoting tumor immune surveillance. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:418-432.e8. [PMID: 36893736 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. However, the effect of tissue-resident commensal bacteria on CRC immune surveillance remains poorly understood. Here, we analyzed the intratissue bacteria from CRC patient colon tissues. We found that the commensal bacteria belonging to the Lachnospiraceae family, including Ruminococcus gnavus (Rg), Blautia producta (Bp), and Dorea formicigenerans (Df), were enriched in normal tissues, while Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (Pa) were abundant in tumor tissues. Tissue-resident Rg and Bp reduced colon tumor growth and promoted the activation of CD8+ T cells in immunocompetent mice. Mechanistically, intratissue Rg and Bp degraded lyso-glycerophospholipids that inhibited CD8+ T cell activity and maintained the immune surveillance function of CD8+ T cells. Lyso-glycerophospholipids alone promoted tumor growth that was abrogated with Rg and Bp injection. Collectively, intratissue Lachnospiraceae family bacteria facilitate the immune surveillance function of CD8+ T cells and control colorectal cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dou Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Center of the General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xintong Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fei Shao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- College of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China; Beijing IROT Key Laboratory, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jiangwen Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenzhao Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiwen Qin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Pengyan Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Marchisio F, Di Nardo L, Val DS, Cerminati S, Espariz M, Rasia RM, Menzella HG, Castelli ME. Characterization of a novel thermostable phospholipase C from T. kodakarensis suitable for oil degumming. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5081-5091. [PMID: 35854045 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The implementation of cleaner technologies that minimize environmental pollution caused by conventional industrial processes is an increasing global trend. Hence, traditionally used chemicals have been replaced by novel enzymatic alternatives in a wide variety of industrial-scale processes. Enzymatic oil degumming, the first step of the oil refining process, exploits the conversion catalyzed by phospholipases to remove vegetable crude oils' phospholipids. This enzymatic method reduces the gums' volume and increases the overall oil yield. A thermostable phospholipase would be highly advantageous for industrial oil degumming as oil treatment at higher temperatures would save energy and increase the recovery of oil by facilitating the mixing and gums removal. A thermostable phosphatidylcholine (PC) (and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE))-specific phospholipase C from Thermococcus kodakarensis (TkPLC) was studied and completely removed PC and PE from crude soybean oil at 80 °C. Due to these characteristics, TkPLC is an interesting promising candidate for industrial-scale enzymatic oil degumming at high temperatures. KEY POINTS: • A thermostable phospholipase C from T. kodakarensis (TkPLC) has been identified. • TkPLC was recombinantly produced in Pichia pastoris and successfully purified. • TkPLC completely hydrolyzed PC and PE in soybean oil degumming assays at 80 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorela Marchisio
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos Y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET. Mitre 1998, S2000FWF, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Luisina Di Nardo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, Instituto de Biología Celular Y Molecular de Rosario (IBR), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET. Ocampo Y Esmeralda S/N, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Diego Sebastián Val
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos Y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET. Mitre 1998, S2000FWF, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Cerminati
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos Y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET. Mitre 1998, S2000FWF, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Martín Espariz
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos Y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET. Mitre 1998, S2000FWF, Rosario, Argentina.,Área Estadística Y Procesamiento de Datos, Departamento de Matemática Y Estadística, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo Maximiliano Rasia
- Facultad de Ciencias, Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, Instituto de Biología Celular Y Molecular de Rosario (IBR), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET. Ocampo Y Esmeralda S/N, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.,Plataforma Argentina de Biología Estructural Y Metabolómica (PLABEM - CONICET), Ocampo y Esmeralda s/n, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Hugo Gabriel Menzella
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos Y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET. Mitre 1998, S2000FWF, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Castelli
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos Y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET. Mitre 1998, S2000FWF, Rosario, Argentina.
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Regulation of Enterotoxins Associated with Bacillus cereus Sensu Lato Toxicoinfection. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0040522. [PMID: 35730937 PMCID: PMC9275247 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00405-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus sensu lato (s.l.) includes foodborne pathogens, as well as beneficial microorganisms, such as bioinsecticides. Some of the beneficial and commercially used B. cereus s.l. strains have been shown to carry enterotoxin genes, the products of which can cause toxicoinfection in humans. Furthermore, recent epidemiological reports indicated that some bioinsecticidal strains have been linked with foodborne illness outbreaks. This demonstrates the need for improved surveillance of B. cereus s.l., which includes characterization of isolates' virulence capacity. However, the prediction of virulence capacity of B. cereus s.l. strains is challenging. Genetic screening for enterotoxin gene presence has proven to be insufficient for accurate discrimination between virulent and avirulent strains, given that nearly all B. cereus s.l. strains carry at least one enterotoxin gene. Furthermore, complex regulatory networks governing the expression of enterotoxins, and potential synergistic interactions between enterotoxins and other virulence factors make the prediction of toxicoinfection based on isolates' genome sequences challenging. In this review, we summarize and synthesize the current understanding of the regulation of enterotoxins associated with the B. cereus s.l. toxicoinfection and identify gaps in the knowledge that need to be addressed to facilitate identification of genetic markers predictive of cytotoxicity and toxicoinfection.
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Rational engineering of phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus HSL3 for simultaneous thermostability and activity improvement. J Biotechnol 2022; 355:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Wang F, Guo Z, Yang Z, Li X, Zhang X, Ma X, Han Z, Lu F, Liu Y. Utilization of Soybean Oil Waste for a High-Level Production of Ceramide by a Novel Phospholipase C as an Environmentally Friendly Process. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3228-3238. [PMID: 35229592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide is a natural functional ingredient as food additive and medicine that has attracted extensive attention in the food, medical, and cosmetic industries. Here, we developed a biotechnological strategy based on a recombinant whole-cell biocatalyst for efficiently producing ceramide from crude soybean oil sediment (CSOS) waste. A novel phospholipase C (PLCac) from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus isolated from soil samples was identified and characterized. Furthermore, recombinant Komagataella phaffii displaying PLCac (dPLCac) on the cell surface was constructed as a whole-cell biocatalyst with better thermostability (30-60 °C) and pH stability (8.0-10.0) to successfully produce ceramide. After synergistical optimization of reaction time and dPLCac dose, the ceramide yield of hydrolyzing from CSOS using dPLCac was 51% (the theoretical maximum yield of converting sphingomyelin, ∼70%) and the relative yield was over 50% after seven consecutive 4 h batches under the optimized conditions. Our study provides a potentially promising strategy for the commercial production of ceramide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Zehui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Zixuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Xueying Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoxuan Han
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Yihan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
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Eddehech A, Smichi N, Violot S, Bettler E, Brizuela L, Noiriel A, Abousalham A, Zarai Z. Deciphering the recombinant thermostable phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C activity from Bacillus thuringiensis: Biochemical and interfacial properties. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Buenrostro-Figueroa J, Gutierrez-Sánchez G, Prado-Barragán LA, Rodríguez-Herrera R, Aguilar-Zárate P, Sepúlveda L, Ascacio-Valdés JA, Tafolla-Arellano JC, Aguilar CN. Influence of culture conditions on ellagitannase expression and fungal ellagitannin degradation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125462. [PMID: 34320742 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The role and mechanism of elagitannase is misunderstood because it exhibited different activities due to the low purity or complexity of substrates, and there is no available information about the biochemical, physicochemical and molecular characteristics of the enzyme. This study was aimed to obtain enzymatic extracts by Aspergillus niger GH1 in solid-state fermentation, using dextrose and ellagitannins as inducers of ellagitannase. Protein and bioinformatic analysis were performed to identify the protein sequence expressed in terms of culture conditions. The presence of ellagitannins increased ellagitannase activity 1143-fold compared to dextrose. The higher ellagitannase activity was found at 18 h of culture (1143.30 U g-1PE). Three groups of proteins were identified in both cultures: β-glucosidase, phospholipase C, and triacylglycerol lipase. However, only phospholipase C was overexpressed with ellagitannins as inducers, showing the most spontaneous reaction with punicalagin (ΔG -8.56). These results suggest that phospholipase could be involved in ellagitannins biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lilia A Prado-Barragán
- Biotechnology Department. Health and Biological Sciences. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Iztapalapa 09340, Mexico
| | - Raul Rodríguez-Herrera
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group. Food Research Department. School of Chemistry. Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, 25280, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Pedro Aguilar-Zárate
- Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Valles, Tecnológico Nacional de Mexico, Ciudad Valles, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Leonardo Sepúlveda
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group. Food Research Department. School of Chemistry. Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, 25280, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Juan A Ascacio-Valdés
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group. Food Research Department. School of Chemistry. Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, 25280, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Julio C Tafolla-Arellano
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular. Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, 25315. Buenavista, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Cristobal N Aguilar
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group. Food Research Department. School of Chemistry. Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, 25280, Coahuila, Mexico.
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Merkulyeva YA, Shcherbakov DN, Sharlaeva EA, Chirkova VY. Phospholipases C from the Genus Bacillus: Biological Role, Properties, and Fields of Application. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021030134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Belousova ME, Malovichko YV, Shikov AE, Nizhnikov AA, Antonets KS. Dissecting the Environmental Consequences of Bacillus thuringiensis Application for Natural Ecosystems. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13050355. [PMID: 34065665 PMCID: PMC8155924 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13050355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a natural pathogen of different invertebrates, primarily insects, is widely used as a biological control agent. While Bt-based preparations are claimed to be safe for non-target organisms due to the immense host specificity of the bacterium, the growing evidence witnesses the distant consequences of their application for natural communities. For instance, upon introduction to soil habitats, Bt strains can affect indigenous microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, and further establish complex relationships with local plants, ranging from a mostly beneficial demeanor, to pathogenesis-like plant colonization. By exerting a direct effect on target insects, Bt can indirectly affect other organisms in the food chain. Furthermore, they can also exert an off-target activity on various soil and terrestrial invertebrates, and the frequent acquisition of virulence factors unrelated to major insecticidal toxins can extend the Bt host range to vertebrates, including humans. Even in the absence of direct detrimental effects, the exposure to Bt treatment may affect non-target organisms by reducing prey base and its nutritional value, resulting in delayed alleviation of their viability. The immense phenotypic plasticity of Bt strains, coupled with the complexity of ecological relationships they can engage in, indicates that further assessment of future Bt-based pesticides' safety should consider multiple levels of ecosystem organization and extend to a wide variety of their inhabitants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Belousova
- Laboratory for Proteomics of Supra-Organismal Systems, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.E.B.); (Y.V.M.); (A.E.S.); (A.A.N.)
| | - Yury V. Malovichko
- Laboratory for Proteomics of Supra-Organismal Systems, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.E.B.); (Y.V.M.); (A.E.S.); (A.A.N.)
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anton E. Shikov
- Laboratory for Proteomics of Supra-Organismal Systems, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.E.B.); (Y.V.M.); (A.E.S.); (A.A.N.)
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anton A. Nizhnikov
- Laboratory for Proteomics of Supra-Organismal Systems, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.E.B.); (Y.V.M.); (A.E.S.); (A.A.N.)
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kirill S. Antonets
- Laboratory for Proteomics of Supra-Organismal Systems, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.E.B.); (Y.V.M.); (A.E.S.); (A.A.N.)
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Sinde H, Patel P, Kikani KM, Kothari DR, Kikani BA. Inhibition of Phospholipase by Orlistat as an Alternate Therapy to Combat Opportunistic Mycosis Caused by C. albicans. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:2071-2079. [PMID: 33811506 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02476-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is one of the most important etiological agents causing an opportunistic mycosis, candidiasis. In the past, it was perceived to be associated with immunocompromised patients only. However, it has now been reported with several clinical complications with varying severity. Additionally, increasing incidences of multiple drug resistance associated with the infections have complicated its treatment as well. Therefore, an investigation of alternate therapy, for instance, inhibition of the virulence factors is desperately needed. In the present study, a multidrug-resistant Candida albicans SDL-4 was screened for secretion of the virulence factors: aspartyl proteases and phospholipases. The pathogen secreted phospholipases potentially compared to aspartyl proteases. Therefore, C. albicans SDL-4 phospholipase was purified to homogeneity, characterized, and its inhibition was studied subsequently. It catalysed the substrate, p-nitrophenyl palmitate, optimally in 0.1 M acetate buffer, pH 5, at 37 °C. In the present study, we also aimed to re-purpose orlistat, which is a commercially available anti-obesity drug. Orlistat, at the concentration of 360 μg/ml, could diminish the activity and stability of the candidal virulence factor. Its half-life was reduced in the presence of orlistat at 37 °C. As well, increase in Km and unaltered Vmax indicated that orlistat inhibited phospholipase competitively. The inhibition kinetics was supported by measuring alterations in the secondary structure of the candidal phospholipase upon treatment with orlistat by the circular dichroism spectroscopy and K2D3. Moreover, validation of the study at clinical level may establish orlistat as a supportive treatment to reduce invasiveness and related medical intricacies during candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardi Sinde
- Department of Biological Sciences, P.D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Gujarat, 388 421, India
| | - Priyanka Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, P.D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Gujarat, 388 421, India
| | - Kunjan M Kikani
- Department of Microbiology, C.U. Shah Medical College, Surendranagar, Gujarat, 363 001, India
| | - Dhyey R Kothari
- Government Medical College, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364 001, India
| | - Bhavtosh A Kikani
- Department of Biological Sciences, P.D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Gujarat, 388 421, India.
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15
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Sharma N, Langley RJ, Eurtivong C, Leung E, Dixon RJ, Paulin EK, Rees SWP, Pilkington LI, Barker D, Reynisson J, Leung IKH. An optimised MALDI-TOF assay for phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:491-496. [PMID: 33432952 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay02208j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Bacillus cereus phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLCBc) is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholines into phosphocholine and 1,2-diacylglycerols. PC-PLCBc has found applications in both the food industry and in medicinal chemistry. Herein, we report our work in the development and optimisation of a matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry-based assay to monitor PC-PLCBc activity. The use of one-phase and two-phase reaction systems to assess the inhibition of PC-PLCBc with different structural classes of inhibitors was compared. We also highlighted the advantage of our assay over the commonly used commercially available Amplex Red assay. This method will also be applicable to work on the activity and inhibition of other phospholipases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabangshu Sharma
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Ries J Langley
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Chatchakorn Eurtivong
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand and Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Commission on Higher Education (CHE), Ministry of Education, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Euphemia Leung
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand and Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ryan Joseph Dixon
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Emily K Paulin
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Shaun W P Rees
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Lisa I Pilkington
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - David Barker
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. and Centre for Green Chemical Science, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand and The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. and School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Ivanhoe K H Leung
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand and Centre for Green Chemical Science, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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16
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Wang L, Hu T, Jiang Z, Yan Q, Yang S. Efficient production of a novel alkaline cold-active phospholipase C from Aspergillus oryzae by molecular chaperon co-expression for crude oil degumming. Food Chem 2021; 350:129212. [PMID: 33609939 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel alkaline cold-active phospholipase C (PLC) gene (AoPC) from Aspergillus oryzae was cloned. AoPC exhibited the highest sequence similarity of 32.5% with that of a PLC from Arabidopsis thaliana. The gene was co-expressed in Pichia pastoris with molecular chaperone PDI (protein disulfide isomerases), and the highest PLC activity of 82, 782 U mL-1 was achieved in a 5-L fermentor. The recombinant enzyme (AoPC) was most active at pH 8.0 and 25 °C, respectively, and it was stable over a broad pH range of 4.5-9.0 and up to 40 °C. It is the first fungal alkaline PLC. The application of AoPC (with 25% citric acid, w/w) in oil degumming process significantly reduced the phosphorus of crude soybean oil by 93.3% to a commercially acceptable level (<10 mg kg-1). Therefore, the relatively high yield and excellent properties of AoPC may possess it great potential in crude oil refining industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutrition Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutrition Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutrition Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- College of Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutrition Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China.
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17
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Bacillus cereus: Epidemiology, Virulence Factors, and Host-Pathogen Interactions. Trends Microbiol 2020; 29:458-471. [PMID: 33004259 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The toxin-producing bacterium Bacillus cereus is an important and neglected human pathogen and a common cause of food poisoning. Several toxins have been implicated in disease, including the pore-forming toxins hemolysin BL (HBL) and nonhemolytic enterotoxin (NHE). Recent work revealed that HBL binds to the mammalian surface receptors LITAF and CDIP1 and that both HBL and NHE induce potassium efflux and activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to pyroptosis. These mammalian receptors, in part, contribute to inflammation and pathology. Other putative virulence factors of B. cereus include cytotoxin K, cereulide, metalloproteases, sphingomyelinase, and phospholipases. In this review, we highlight the latest progress in our understanding of B. cereus biology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis, and discuss potential new directions for research in this field.
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Xiang M, Wang L, Yan Q, Jiang Z, Yang S. High-level expression and characterization of a novel phospholipase C from Thielavia terrestris suitable for oil degumming. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:740-748. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Liu XY, Hu Q, Xu F, Ding SY, Zhu K. Characterization of Bacillus cereus in Dairy Products in China. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E454. [PMID: 32674390 PMCID: PMC7405013 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12070454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is a common and ubiquitous foodborne pathogen with an increasing prevalence rate in dairy products in China. High and unmet demands for such products, particularly milk, raise the risk of B. cereus associated contamination. The presence of B. cereus and its virulence factors in dairy products may cause food poisoning and other illnesses. Thus, this review first summarizes the epidemiological characteristics and analytical assays of B. cereus from dairy products in China, providing insights into the implementation of intervention strategies. In addition, the recent achievements on the cytotoxicity and mechanisms of B. cereus are also presented to shed light on the therapeutic options for B. cereus associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ye Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.-Y.L.); (Q.H.)
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Emerging Technology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiao Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.-Y.L.); (Q.H.)
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Fei Xu
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Shuang-Yang Ding
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Kui Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.-Y.L.); (Q.H.)
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
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20
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Principle and potential applications of the non-classical protein secretory pathway in bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:953-965. [PMID: 31853566 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the extracellular proteins secreted by known secretory pathways, a number of cytoplasmic proteins without predicable or known signal sequences or secretory motifs have been found in the extracellular milieu, and were consequently classified as non-classically secreted proteins. Non-classical protein secretion is considered to be a general, conserved cellular phenomenon in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. There are several research hotspots on the non-classical protein secretory pathway, and the most important two of them are the recognition principle of substrate proteins and possible secretory mechanisms. To date, researchers have made some progress in understanding the characteristics of these proteins. For example, it was discovered that many non-classically secreted proteins exist and are secreted in multimeric form. Some of these proteins prefer to be clustered and exported at the poles and the septum of the cell. The majority of these proteins play different functions when they are in the intra- and extracellular environments, and several of their functions are related to survival and pathogenicity. Furthermore, non-classically secreted proteins can be used as leading proteins to guide a POI (protein of interest) out of the cells, which provides a novel strategy for protein secretion with potential applications in the industry. Summarizing these findings, this review emphasizes the hot spots related to non-classically secreted proteins in bacteria, lists the most important hypotheses on the selection and secretion mechanisms of non-classically secreted proteins, and put forward their potential applications.
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Yue XH, Chen WC, Wang ZM, Liu PY, Li XY, Lin CB, Lu SH, Huang FH, Wan X. Lipid Distribution Pattern and Transcriptomic Insights Revealed the Potential Mechanism of Docosahexaenoic Acid Traffics in Schizochytrium sp. A-2. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9683-9693. [PMID: 31379160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Schizochytrium sp. A-2 is a heterotrophic marine fungus used for the commercial production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). However, the pattern of the distribution of DHA and how DHA is channeled into phospholipid (PL) and triacylglycerol (TAG) are unknown. In this study, we systematically analyzed the distribution of DHA in TAG and PL during the growth of the cell. The migration of DHA from PL to TAG was presumed during the fermentation cycle. DHA and docosapentaenoic acid were accumulated in both TAG and phosphatidylcholine (PC), whereas eicosapentaenoic acid was mainly deposited in PC. RNA seq revealed that malic enzyme may provide lipogenic NADPH. In addition, long-chain acyl-CoA synthase and acyl-CoA:lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase may participate in the accumulation of DHA in PL. No phosphatidylcholine:diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase was identified from the genome sequence. In contrast, phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase-mediated acyl-CoA-independent TAG synthesis pathway and phospholipase C may contribute to the channeling of DHA from PC to TAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Hong Yue
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062 , P. R. China
| | - Wen-Chao Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062 , P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops , Ministry of Agriculture , Wuhan 430062 , P. R. China
- Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory , Wuhan 430062 , P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition , Wuhan 430062 , P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Ming Wang
- CABIO Biotech (Wuhan) Co., Ltd , Wuhan 430223 , P. R. China
| | - Peng-Yang Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062 , P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Yu Li
- CABIO Biotech (Wuhan) Co., Ltd , Wuhan 430223 , P. R. China
| | - Chu-Bin Lin
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062 , P. R. China
| | - Shu-Huan Lu
- CABIO Biotech (Wuhan) Co., Ltd , Wuhan 430223 , P. R. China
| | - Feng-Hong Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062 , P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops , Ministry of Agriculture , Wuhan 430062 , P. R. China
- Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory , Wuhan 430062 , P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition , Wuhan 430062 , P. R. China
| | - Xia Wan
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062 , P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops , Ministry of Agriculture , Wuhan 430062 , P. R. China
- Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory , Wuhan 430062 , P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition , Wuhan 430062 , P. R. China
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Eddehech A, Smichi N, Arhab Y, Noiriel A, Abousalham A, Gargouri Y, Zarai Z. Production, purification and functional characterization of phospholipase C from Bacillus thuringiensis with high catalytic activity. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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SS-mPEG chemical modification of recombinant phospholipase C for enhanced thermal stability and catalytic efficiency. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:1032-1039. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Multi-walled carbon nanotubes act as a chemokine and recruit macrophages by activating the PLC/IP3/CRAC channel signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:226. [PMID: 28331181 PMCID: PMC5428205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00386-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of nanomaterials on immune cells is gaining attention but is not well documented. Here, we report a novel stimulating effect of carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (c-MWCNTs) on the migration of macrophages and uncover the underlying mechanisms, especially the upstream signaling, using a series of techniques including transwell migration assay, patch clamp, ELISA and confocal microscopy. c-MWCNTs dramatically stimulated the migration of RAW264.7 macrophages when endocytosed, and this effect was abolished by inhibiting phospholipase C (PLC) with U-73122, antagonizing the IP3 receptor with 2-APB, and blocking calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channels with SK&F96365. c-MWCNTs directly activated PLC and increased the IP3 level and [Ca2+]i level in RAW264.7 cells, promoted the translocation of the ER-resident stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) towards the membranous calcium release-activated calcium channel modulator 1 (Orai1), and increased CRAC current densities in both RAW264.7 cells and HEK293 cells stably expressing the CRAC channel subunits Orai1 and STIM1. c-MWCNTs also induced dramatic spatial polarization of KCa3.1 channels in the RAW264.7 cells. We conclude that c-MWCNT is an activator of PLC and strongly recruits macrophages via the PLC/IP3/CRAC channel signaling cascade. These novel findings may provide a fundamental basis for the impact of MWCNTs on the immune system.
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25
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Elena C, Cerminati S, Ravasi P, Rasia R, Peiru S, Menzella HG, Castelli ME. B. cereus phospholipase C engineering for efficient degumming of vegetable oil. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Cerminati S, Eberhardt F, Elena CE, Peirú S, Castelli ME, Menzella HG. Development of a highly efficient oil degumming process using a novel phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzyme. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:4471-4479. [PMID: 28238084 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic degumming using phospholipase C (PLC) enzymes may be used in environmentally friendly processes with improved oil recovery yields. In this work, phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PIPLC) candidates obtained from an in silico analysis were evaluated for oil degumming. A PIPLC from Lysinibacillus sphaericus was shown to efficiently remove phosphatidylinositol from crude oil, and when combined with a second phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase C, the three major phospholipids were completely hydrolyzed, providing an extra yield of oil greater than 2.1%, compared to standard methods. A remarkably efficient fed-batch Escherichia coli fermentation process producing ∼14 g/L of the recombinant PIPLC enzyme was developed, which may facilitate the adoption of this cost-effective oil-refining process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Cerminati
- CONICET y Departamento de Tecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Florencia Eberhardt
- CONICET y Departamento de Tecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | - Salvador Peirú
- CONICET y Departamento de Tecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.,Keclon S.A., Tucumán 7180, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María E Castelli
- CONICET y Departamento de Tecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.,Keclon S.A., Tucumán 7180, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Hugo G Menzella
- CONICET y Departamento de Tecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina. .,Keclon S.A., Tucumán 7180, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
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