1
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Semenova MV, Gusakov AV, Telitsin VD, Matys VY, Bubnova TV, Nemashkalov VA, Rozhkova AM, Sinitsyn AP. A New Enzyme Preparation Containing Polysaccharide Monooxygenase and β-Glucosidase—Synergistic Additives to Cellulases. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683822040147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Torlopov MA, Drozd NN, Paderin NM, Tarabukin DV, Udoratina EV. Hemocompatibility, biodegradability and acute toxicity of acetylated cellulose nanocrystals of different types in comparison. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 269:118307. [PMID: 34294324 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Promotion of promising cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) is largely dependent on the relationship between their morphology, surface chemical composition, and supramolecular structure with toxicity, hemocompatibility, and biodegradability. This paper outlines comparative and integrated analysis of the mentioned biocompatibility aspects of partially acetylated rod-, and disc-lake morphology of CNC with crystalline cellulose allomorphs I and II. These data have also included the study of CNC obtained from the sulfuric acid solutions. The aqueous solution of all types of tested CNC has not been toxic to mice after oral administration. Morphology of internal organs has not changed. However, in case of disc-like particles, the kidney mass coefficient noticeably changed. CNC have neither triggered platelet aggregation nor destroyed the red cell membrane. Intravenous administration to rabbits has not affected the plasma clotting time. Rod-like CNC are more resistant, and the disc-like particles are more susceptible to degradation under the influence of cellulases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A Torlopov
- Institute of Chemistry of Federal Research Center "Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", 167000, Pervomayskaya str., 48, Syktyvkar, Komi, Russian Federation
| | - Natalya N Drozd
- National Research Center for Hematology, 125167, Novy Zykovsky proyezd, 4, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nikita M Paderin
- Institute of Physiology of Federal Research Center "Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", 167982, Pervomayskaya str., 50, Syktyvkar, Komi, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitriy V Tarabukin
- Institute of Biology of Federal Research Centre "Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences", 167982, Kommunisticheskaya str., 28, Syktyvkar, Komi, Russian Federation
| | - Elena V Udoratina
- Institute of Chemistry of Federal Research Center "Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", 167000, Pervomayskaya str., 48, Syktyvkar, Komi, Russian Federation.
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3
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Sinitsyn AP, Sinitsyna OA. Bioconversion of Renewable Plant Biomass. Second-Generation Biofuels: Raw Materials, Biomass Pretreatment, Enzymes, Processes, and Cost Analysis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:S166-S195. [PMID: 33827407 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921140121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The review discusses various aspects of renewable plant biomass conversion and production of the second-generation biofuels, including the types of plant biomass, its composition and reaction ability in the enzymatic hydrolysis, and various pretreatment methods for increasing the biomass reactivity. Conversion of plant biomass into sugars requires the use of a complex of enzymes, the composition of which should be adapted to the biomass type and the pretreatment method. The efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis can be increased by optimizing the composition of the enzymatic complex and by increasing the catalytic activity and operational stability of its constituent enzymes. The availability of active enzyme producers also plays an important role. Examples of practical implementation and scaling of processes for the production of second-generation biofuels are presented together with the cost analysis of bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadij P Sinitsyn
- Bakh Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia. .,Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Olga A Sinitsyna
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Adsul M, Sandhu SK, Singhania RR, Gupta R, Puri SK, Mathur A. Designing a cellulolytic enzyme cocktail for the efficient and economical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 133:109442. [PMID: 31874688 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.109442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Concerns about dwindling fossil fuels and their unfavorable environmental impacts shifted the global focus towards the development of biofuels from lignocellulosic feedstocks. The structure of this biomass is very complex due to which variety of enzymes (cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic, auxiliary/AA9) and proteins (e.g. swollenin) required for efficient deconstruction. Major impediments in large-scale commercial production of cellulosic ethanol are the cost of cellulases and inability of any single microorganism to produce all cellulolytic components in sufficient titers. In the recent past, various methods for reducing the enzyme cost during cellulosic ethanol production have been attempted. These include designing optimal synergistic enzyme blends/cocktail, having certain ratios of enzymes from different microbial sources, for efficient hydrolysis of pretreated biomass. However, the mechanisms underlying the development, strategies for production and evaluation of optimal cellulolytic cocktails still remain unclear. This article aims to explore the technical and economic benefits of using cellulolytic enzyme cocktail, basic enzymatic and non-enzymatic components required for its development and various strategies employed for efficient cellulolytic cocktail preparation. Consideration was also given to the ways of evaluation of commercially available and in-house developed cocktails. Discussion about commercially available cellulolytic cocktails, current challenges and possible avenues in the development of cellulolytic cocktails included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukund Adsul
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, R & D Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd, Sector-13, Faridabad 121007, India.
| | - Simranjeet Kaur Sandhu
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, R & D Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd, Sector-13, Faridabad 121007, India
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, R & D Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd, Sector-13, Faridabad 121007, India
| | - Ravi Gupta
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, R & D Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd, Sector-13, Faridabad 121007, India
| | - Suresh K Puri
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, R & D Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd, Sector-13, Faridabad 121007, India
| | - Anshu Mathur
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, R & D Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd, Sector-13, Faridabad 121007, India
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On the Safety of Filamentous Fungi with Special Emphasis on Trichoderma reesei and Products Made by Recombinant Means. Fungal Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27951-0_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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6
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Heterologous β-glucosidase in a fungal cellulase system: Comparison of different methods for development of multienzyme cocktails. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Bekkarevich AO, Nemashkalov VA, Koshelev AV, Goryachev DA, Bubnova TV, Matys VY, Osipov DO, Kondrat’eva EG, Okunev ON, Sinitsyn AP. Cultivation of a novel cellulase/xylanase producer, Trichoderma longibrachiatum mutant TW 1-59-27: Production of the enzyme preparation and the study of its properties. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683815020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Volkov PV, Rozhkova AM, Gusakov AV, Sinitsyn AP. Homologous cloning, purification and characterization of highly active cellobiohydrolase I (Cel7A) from Penicillium canescens. Protein Expr Purif 2014; 103:1-7. [PMID: 25162433 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Penicillium canescens is a filamentous fungus that normally does not secrete notable levels of cellulase activity. Cellobiohydrolase I of P. canescens (PcCel7A) was homologously cloned into a host strain RN3-11-7 (niaD-) and then expressed under the control of a strong xylA promoter. Using three steps of chromatography, PcCel7A was purified. The enzyme displayed maximum activity at pH 4.0-4.5. PcCel7A was stable at 50°C and pH 4.5 at least for 3h, while at 60°C it lost 45% of activity after 30min of incubation. When equalized by protein concentration, PcCel7A demonstrated a higher performance in prolonged hydrolysis of Avicel and milled aspen wood than CBH I (Cel7A) from Trichoderma reesei, the most industrially utilized cellulase at this moment. The high catalytic efficiency of the PcCel7A makes it a potential candidate for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V Volkov
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Alexandra M Rozhkova
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Alexander V Gusakov
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia; Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobyovy Gory 1/11, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Arkady P Sinitsyn
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia; Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobyovy Gory 1/11, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Chauve M, Huron M, Hudebine D, Decottignies D, Perez S, Ferreira NL. Kinetic Modeling of β-Glucosidases and Cellobiohydrolases Involved in Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulose. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2013. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2013.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Serge Perez
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales, CNRS, Grenoble, France
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Anderson LN, Culley DE, Hofstad BA, Chauvigné-Hines LM, Zink EM, Purvine SO, Smith RD, Callister SJ, Magnuson JM, Wright AT. Activity-based protein profiling of secreted cellulolytic enzyme activity dynamics in Trichoderma reesei QM6a, NG14, and RUT-C30. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2013; 9:2992-3000. [PMID: 24121482 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70333a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass has great promise as a highly abundant and renewable source for the production of biofuels. However, the recalcitrant nature of lignocellulose toward hydrolysis into soluble sugars remains a significant challenge to harnessing the potential of this source of bioenergy. A primary method for deconstructing lignocellulose is via chemical treatments, high temperatures, and hydrolytic enzyme cocktails, many of which are derived from the fungus Trichoderma reesei. Herein, we use an activity-based probe for glycoside hydrolases to rapidly identify optimal conditions for maximum enzymatic lignocellulose deconstruction. We also demonstrate that subtle changes to enzyme composition and activity in various strains of T. reesei can be readily characterized by our probe approach. The approach also permits multimodal measurements, including fluorescent gel-based analysis of activity in response to varied conditions and treatments, and mass spectrometry-based quantitative identification of labelled proteins. We demonstrate the promise this probe approach holds to facilitate rapid production of enzyme cocktails for high-efficiency lignocellulose deconstruction to accommodate high-yield biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey N Anderson
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
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11
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Degradation of microcrystalline cellulose and non-pretreated plant biomass by a cell-free extracellular cellulase/hemicellulase system from the extreme thermophilic bacterium Caldicellulosiruptor bescii. J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 115:64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2012.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Li J, Wang J, Wang S, Xing M, Yu S, Liu G. Achieving efficient protein expression in Trichoderma reesei by using strong constitutive promoters. Microb Cell Fact 2012; 11:84. [PMID: 22709462 PMCID: PMC3439336 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-11-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds The fungus Trichoderma reesei is an important workhorse for expression of homologous or heterologous genes, and the inducible cbh1 promoter is generally used. However, constitutive expression is more preferable in some cases than inducible expression that leads to production of unwanted cellulase components. In this work, constitutive promoters of T. reesei were screened and successfully used for high level homologous expression of xylanase II. Results The transcriptional profiles of 13 key genes that participate in glucose metabolism in T. reesei were analyzed by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The results indicated that the mRNA levels of pdc (encoding pyruvate decarboxylase) and eno (encoding enolase) genes were much higher than other genes under high glucose conditions. Recombinant T. reesei strains that homologously expressed xylanase II were constructed by using the promoters of the pdc and eno genes, and they respectively produced 9266 IU/ml and 8866 IU/ml of xylanase activities in the cultivation supernatant in a medium with high glucose concentration. The productivities of xylanase II were 1.61 g/L (with the pdc promoter) and 1.52 g/L (with the eno promoter), approximately accounted for 83% and 82% of the total protein secreted by T. reesei, respectively. Conclusions This work demonstrates the screening of constitutive promoters by using RT-qPCR in T. reesei, and has obtained the highest expression of recombinant xylanase II to date by using these promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxin Li
- College of Life Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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13
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Alternatives to Trichoderma reesei in biofuel production. Trends Biotechnol 2011; 29:419-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chundawat SPS, Lipton MS, Purvine SO, Uppugundla N, Gao D, Balan V, Dale BE. Proteomics-based compositional analysis of complex cellulase-hemicellulase mixtures. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:4365-72. [PMID: 21678892 DOI: 10.1021/pr101234z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Efficient deconstruction of cellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars for fuel and chemical production is accomplished by a complex mixture of cellulases, hemicellulases, and accessory enzymes (e.g., >50 extracellular proteins). Cellulolytic enzyme mixtures, produced industrially mostly using fungi like Trichoderma reesei, are poorly characterized in terms of their protein composition and its correlation to hydrolytic activity on cellulosic biomass. The secretomes of commercial glycosyl hydrolase-producing microbes was explored using a proteomics approach with high-throughput quantification using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Here, we show that proteomics-based spectral counting approach is a reasonably accurate and rapid analytical technique that can be used to determine protein composition of complex glycosyl hydrolase mixtures that also correlates with the specific activity of individual enzymes present within the mixture. For example, a strong linear correlation was seen between Avicelase activity and total cellobiohydrolase content. Reliable, quantitative and cheaper analytical methods that provide insight into the cellulosic biomass degrading fungal and bacterial secretomes would lead to further improvements toward commercialization of plant biomass-derived fuels and chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishir P S Chundawat
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University , 3815 Technology Boulevard, Suite 1045, Lansing, Michigan 48910, United States.
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Morozova VV, Gusakov AV, Andrianov RM, Pravilnikov AG, Osipov DO, Sinitsyn AP. Cellulases of Penicillium verruculosum. Biotechnol J 2010; 5:871-80. [PMID: 20540109 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nine major cellulolytic enzymes were isolated from a culture broth of a mutant strain of the fungus Penicillium verruculosum: five endo-1, 4-beta-glucanases (EGs) having molecular masses 25, 33, 39, 52, and 70 kDa, and four cellobiohydrolases (CBHs: 50, 55, 60, and 66 kDa). Based on amino acid similarities of short sequenced fragments and peptide mass fingerprinting, the isolated enzymes were preliminary classified into different families of glycoside hydrolases: Cel5A (EG IIa, 39 kDa), Cel5B (EG IIb, 33 kDa), Cel6A (CBH II, two forms: 50 and 60 kDa), Cel7A (CBH I: 55 and 66 kDa), Cel7B (EG I: 52 and 70 kDa). The 25 kDa enzyme was identical to the previously isolated Cel12A (EG III). The family assignment was further confirmed by the studies of the substrate specificity of the purified enzymes. High-molecular-weight forms of the Cel6A, Cel7A, and Cel7B were found to possess a cellulose-binding module (CBM), while the catalytically active low-molecular-weight forms of the enzymes, as well as other cellulases, lacked the CBM. Properties of the isolated enzymes, such as substrate specificity toward different polysaccharides and synthetic glycosides, effect of pH and temperature on the enzyme activity and stability, adsorption on Avicel cellulose and kinetics of its hydrolysis, were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria V Morozova
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobyovy Gory, Moscow, Russia
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16
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Ng IS, Li CW, Yeh YF, Chen PT, Chir JL, Ma CH, Yu SM, Ho THD, Tong CG. A novel endo-glucanase from the thermophilic bacterium Geobacillus sp. 70PC53 with high activity and stability over a broad range of temperatures. Extremophiles 2009; 13:425-35. [PMID: 19296197 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-009-0228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A thermophilic Geobacillus bacterium secreting high activity of endo-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) was isolated from rice straw compost supplemented with pig manure. A full-length gene of 1,104 bp, celA, encoding this glycosyl hydrolase family 5 endo-glucanase of 368 amino acids was isolated. No related gene from Geobacillus has been reported previously. The recombinant CelA expressed in Escherichia coli had an optimal activity at 65 degrees C and pH 5.0, and it exhibited tenfold greater specific activity than the commercially available Trichoderma reesei endo-glucanase. CelA displayed activity over a broad temperature range from 45 to 75 degrees C and was a thermostable enzyme with 90% activity retained after heating at 65 degrees C for 6 h. Interestingly, CelA activity could be enhanced by 100% in the presence of 2 mM MnSO(4). CelA had high specific activity over beta-D-glucan from barley and Lichenan, making it a potentially useful enzyme in biofuel and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Son Ng
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, 2F, No. 22, Lane 31, Sec. 1, Huandong Rd., Sinshih Township, Tainan, 74146, Taiwan, ROC.
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Sun WC, Cheng CH, Lee WC. Protein expression and enzymatic activity of cellulases produced by Trichoderma reesei Rut C-30 on rice straw. Process Biochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2008.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Cellulolytic bacteria and fungi have been shown to use two different approaches to degrade cellulose. Most aerobic microbes secrete sets of individual cellulases, many of which contain a carbohydrate binding molecule (CBM), which act synergistically on native cellulose. Most anaerobic microorganisms produce large multienzyme complexes called cellulosomes, which are usually attached to the outer surface of the microorganism. Most of the cellulosomal enzymes lack a CBM, but the cohesin subunit, to which they are bound, does contain a CBM. The cellulases present in each class show considerable overlap in their catalytic domains, and processive cellulases (exocellulases and processive endocellulases) are the most abundant components of both the sets of free enzymes and of the cellulosomal cellulases. Analysis of the genomic sequences of two cellulolytic bacteria, Cytophaga hutchinsonii, an aerobe, and Fibrobacter succinogenes, an anaerobe, suggest that these organisms must use a third mechanism. This is because neither of these organisms, encodes processive cellulases and most of their many endocellulase genes do not encode CBMs. Furthermore, neither organism appears to encode the dockerin and cohesin domains that are key components of cellulosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Wilson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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N-Glycosylation in Chrysosporium lucknowense enzymes. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:48-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2007] [Revised: 10/16/2007] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Gusakov AV, Salanovich TN, Antonov AI, Ustinov BB, Okunev ON, Burlingame R, Emalfarb M, Baez M, Sinitsyn AP. Design of highly efficient cellulase mixtures for enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. Biotechnol Bioeng 2007; 97:1028-38. [PMID: 17221887 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An extremely highly active cellobiohydrolase (CBH IIb or Cel6B) was isolated from Chrysosporium lucknowense UV18-25 culture filtrate. The CBH IIb demonstrated the highest ability for a deep degradation of crystalline cellulose amongst a few cellobiohydrolases tested, including C. lucknowense CBH Ia, Ib, IIa, and Trichoderma reesei CBH I and II. Using purified C. lucknowense enzymes (CBH Ia, Ib, and IIb; endoglucanases II and V; beta-glucosidase, xylanase II), artificial multienzyme mixtures were reconstituted, displaying an extremely high performance in a conversion of different cellulosic substrates (Avicel, cotton, pretreated Douglas fir wood) to glucose. These mixtures were much or notably more effective in hydrolysis of the cellulosic substrates than the crude multienzyme C. lucknowense preparation and other crude cellulase samples produced by T. reesei and Penicillium verruculosum. Highly active cellulases are a key factor in bioconversion of plant lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol as an alternative to fossil fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Gusakov
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russia.
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21
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Grishutin SG, Gusakov AV, Dzedzyulya EI, Sinitsyn AP. A lichenase-like family 12 endo-(1→4)-β-glucanase from Aspergillus japonicus: study of the substrate specificity and mode of action on β-glucans in comparison with other glycoside hydrolases. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:218-29. [PMID: 16343463 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2005] [Accepted: 11/02/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Using anion-exchange chromatography on Source 15Q followed by hydrophobic interaction chromatography on Source 15 Isopropyl, a lichenase-like endo-(1-->4)-beta-glucanase (BG, 28kDa, pI4.1) was isolated from a culture filtrate of Aspergillus japonicus. The enzyme was highly active against barley beta-glucan and lichenan (263 and 267 U/mg protein) and had much lower activity toward carboxymethylcellulose (3.9 U/mg). The mode of action of the BG on barley beta-glucan and lichenan was studied in comparison with that of Bacillus subtilis lichenase and endo-(1-->4)-beta-glucanases (EG I, II, and III) of Trichoderma reesei. The BG behaved very similar to the bacterial lichenase, except the tri- and tetrasaccharides formed as the end products of beta-glucan hydrolysis with the BG contained the beta-(1-->3)-glucoside linkage at the non-reducing end, while the lichenase-derived oligosaccharides had the beta-(1-->3)-linkage at the reducing end. The BG was characterized by a high amino acid sequence identity to the EG of Aspergillus kawachii (UniProt entry Q12679) from a family 12 of glycoside hydrolases (96% in 162 identified aa residues out of total 223 residues) and also showed lower sequence similarity to the EglA of Aspergillus niger (O74705).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei G Grishutin
- Division of Chemical Enzymology, Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russia
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