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Schnabel-Besson E, Mütze U, Dikow N, Hörster F, Morath MA, Alex K, Brennenstuhl H, Settegast S, Okun JG, Schaaf CP, Winkler EC, Kölker S. Wilson and Jungner Revisited: Are Screening Criteria Fit for the 21st Century? Int J Neonatal Screen 2024; 10:62. [PMID: 39311364 PMCID: PMC11417796 DOI: 10.3390/ijns10030062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Driven by technological innovations, newborn screening (NBS) panels have been expanded and the development of genomic NBS pilot programs is rapidly progressing. Decisions on disease selection for NBS are still based on the Wilson and Jungner (WJ) criteria published in 1968. Despite this uniform reference, interpretation of the WJ criteria and actual disease selection for NBS programs are highly variable. A systematic literature search [PubMED search "Wilson" AND "Jungner"; last search 16.07.22] was performed to evaluate the applicability of the WJ criteria for current and future NBS programs and the need for adaptation. By at least two reviewers, 105 publications (systematic literature search, N = 77; manual search, N = 28) were screened for relevant content and, finally, 38 publications were evaluated. Limited by the study design of qualitative text analysis, no statistical evaluation was performed, but a structured collection of reported aspects of criticism and proposed improvements was instead collated. This revealed a set of general limitations of the WJ criteria, such as imprecise terminology, lack of measurability and objectivity, missing pediatric focus, and absent guidance on program management. Furthermore, it unraveled specific aspects of criticism on clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic, and economical aspects. A major obstacle was found to be the incompletely understood natural history and phenotypic diversity of rare diseases prior to NBS implementation, resulting in uncertainty about case definition, risk stratification, and indications for treatment. This gap could be closed through the systematic collection and evaluation of real-world evidence on the quality, safety, and (cost-)effectiveness of NBS, as well as the long-term benefits experienced by screened individuals. An integrated NBS public health program that is designed to continuously learn would fulfil these requirements, and a multi-dimensional framework for future NBS programs integrating medical, ethical, legal, and societal perspectives is overdue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Schnabel-Besson
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics I, Medical Faculty of Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Mütze
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics I, Medical Faculty of Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicola Dikow
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Friederike Hörster
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics I, Medical Faculty of Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marina A. Morath
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics I, Medical Faculty of Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karla Alex
- Section Translational Medical Ethics, Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Medical Faculty of Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Brennenstuhl
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sascha Settegast
- Section Translational Medical Ethics, Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Medical Faculty of Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen G. Okun
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics I, Medical Faculty of Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian P. Schaaf
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva C. Winkler
- Section Translational Medical Ethics, Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Medical Faculty of Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kölker
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics I, Medical Faculty of Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Mütze U, Kölker S. [Evaluation and optimization of newborn screening by structured long-term follow-up-using the example of inherited metabolic diseases]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2023; 66:1249-1258. [PMID: 37815612 PMCID: PMC10622349 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-023-03772-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Newborn screening (NBS) is a highly successful secondary prevention program with the goal of preventing severe sequelae of congenital, mostly genetic, diseases by identifying them as early as possible, ideally in the pre-symptomatic period. Studies to date have shown the important achievements of NBS programs but also reveal a number of relevant weaknesses. These include the often incompletely understood natural history and phenotypic diversity of rare diseases as well as the inadequate ability to accurately predict individual disease severity at an early stage and thus the uncertainties in case definition, risk stratification, and treatment indication.In light of the rapid developments in high-throughput genetic technologies and the associated opportunities for substantial future expansion of NBS programs, it seems overdue to make structured long-term follow-up and the subsequent evaluation of the long-term health benefits mandatory for individuals with rare diseases identified through NBS. This article explains the importance of long-term follow-up for the evaluation and continuous optimization of the screening. Long-term clinical outcomes of people with inherited metabolic diseases identified by NBS are presented as examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Mütze
- Sektion Neuropädiatrie und Stoffwechselmedizin, Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
| | - Stefan Kölker
- Sektion Neuropädiatrie und Stoffwechselmedizin, Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
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Sikonja J, Groselj U, Scarpa M, la Marca G, Cheillan D, Kölker S, Zetterström RH, Kožich V, Le Cam Y, Gumus G, Bottarelli V, van der Burg M, Dekkers E, Battelino T, Prevot J, Schielen PCJI, Bonham JR. Towards Achieving Equity and Innovation in Newborn Screening across Europe. Int J Neonatal Screen 2022; 8:ijns8020031. [PMID: 35645285 PMCID: PMC9149820 DOI: 10.3390/ijns8020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although individual rare disorders are uncommon, it is estimated that, together, 6000+ known rare diseases affect more than 30 million people in Europe, and present a substantial public health burden. Together with the psychosocial burden on affected families, rare disorders frequently, if untreated, result in a low quality of life, disability and even premature death. Newborn screening (NBS) has the potential to detect a number of rare conditions in asymptomatic children, providing the possibility of early treatment and a significantly improved long-term outcome. Despite these clear benefits, the availability and conduct of NBS programmes varies considerably across Europe and, with the increasing potential of genomic testing, it is likely that these differences may become even more pronounced. To help improve the equity of provision of NBS and ensure that all children can be offered high-quality screening regardless of race, nationality and socio-economic status, a technical meeting, endorsed by the Slovenian Presidency of the Council of the European Union, was held in October 2021. In this article, we present experiences from individual EU countries, stakeholder initiatives and the meeting's final conclusions, which can help countries attempting to establish new NBS programmes or expand existing provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaka Sikonja
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Bohoričeva ulica 20, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.S.); (T.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urh Groselj
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Bohoričeva ulica 20, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.S.); (T.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: (U.G.); (J.R.B.); Tel.: +386-1522-92-35 (U.G.); +44-7530196443 (J.R.B.)
| | - Maurizio Scarpa
- Regional Coordinating Center for Rare Diseases, European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases (MetabERN), Udine University Hospital, Piazzale Santa Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Giancarlo la Marca
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
- Newborn Screening, Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology Lab, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - David Cheillan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 Boulevard Pinel, CEDEX, 69677 Bron, France;
| | - Stefan Kölker
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Rolf H. Zetterström
- Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Viktor Kožich
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University-First Faculty of Medicine, 12808 Prague, Czech Republic;
- General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, 12808 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yann Le Cam
- EURORDIS-Rare Diseases Europe, 75014 Paris, France; (Y.L.C.); (G.G.); (V.B.)
| | - Gulcin Gumus
- EURORDIS-Rare Diseases Europe, 75014 Paris, France; (Y.L.C.); (G.G.); (V.B.)
| | | | - Mirjam van der Burg
- Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Eugenie Dekkers
- Centre for Population Research, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Tadej Battelino
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Bohoričeva ulica 20, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.S.); (T.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Johan Prevot
- International Patient Organisation for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Downderry, Cornwall PL11 3LY, UK;
| | - Peter C. J. I. Schielen
- Office of the International Society for Neonatal Screening, Reigerskamp 273, 3607 HP Maarssen, The Netherlands;
| | - James R. Bonham
- Office of the International Society for Neonatal Screening, Reigerskamp 273, 3607 HP Maarssen, The Netherlands;
- Sheffield Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TH, UK
- Correspondence: (U.G.); (J.R.B.); Tel.: +386-1522-92-35 (U.G.); +44-7530196443 (J.R.B.)
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Vass CM, Georgsson S, Ulph F, Payne K. Preferences for aspects of antenatal and newborn screening: a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019; 19:131. [PMID: 30991967 PMCID: PMC6469127 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2278-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many countries offer screening programmes to unborn and newborn babies (antenatal and newborn screening) to identify those at risk of certain conditions to aid earlier diagnosis and treatment. Technological advances have stimulated the development of screening programmes to include more conditions, subsequently changing the information required and potential benefit-risk trade-offs driving participation. Quantifying preferences for screening programmes can provide programme commissioners with data to understand potential demand, the drivers of this demand, information provision required to support the programmes and the extent to which preferences differ in a population. This study aimed to identify published studies eliciting preferences for antenatal and newborn screening programmes and provide an overview of key methods and findings. METHODS A systematic search of electronic databases for key terms identified eligible studies (discrete choice experiments (DCEs) or best-worst scaling (BWS) studies related to antenatal/newborn testing/screening published between 1990 and October 2018). Data were systematically extracted, tabulated and summarised in a narrative review. RESULTS A total of 19 studies using a DCE or BWS to elicit preferences for antenatal (n = 15; 79%) and newborn screening (n = 4; 21%) programmes were identified. Most of the studies were conducted in Europe (n = 12; 63%) but there were some examples from North America (n = 2; 11%) and Australia (n = 2; 11%). Attributes most commonly included were accuracy of screening (n = 15; 79%) and when screening occurred (n = 13; 68%). Other commonly occurring attributes included information content (n = 11; 58%) and risk of miscarriage (n = 10; 53%). Pregnant women (n = 11; 58%) and healthcare professionals (n = 11; 58%) were the most common study samples. Ten studies (53%) compared preferences across different respondents. Two studies (11%) made comparisons between countries. The most popular analytical model was a standard conditional logit model (n = 11; 58%) and one study investigated preference heterogeneity with latent class analysis. CONCLUSION There is an existing literature identifying stated preferences for antenatal and newborn screening but the incorporation of more sophisticated design and analytical methods to investigate preference heterogeneity could extend the relevance of the findings to inform commissioning of new screening programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M. Vass
- Manchester Centre for Health Economics, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | | | - Fiona Ulph
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Katherine Payne
- Manchester Centre for Health Economics, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
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Messina M, Meli C, Raudino F, Pittalá A, Arena A, Barone R, Giuffrida F, Iacobacci R, Muccilli V, Sorge G, Fiumara A. Expanded Newborn Screening Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Seven Years of Experience in Eastern Sicily. Int J Neonatal Screen 2018; 4:12. [PMID: 33072938 PMCID: PMC7510204 DOI: 10.3390/ijns4020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The expanded newborn screening for selected inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) in Sicily was introduced in 2007 by a Regional project entitled "Early detection of congenital metabolic diseases: expanded neonatal screening". It established two newborn screening laboratories, for Western and Eastern Sicily, which started their activity in 2011. Here we present the results of expanded screening (excluding phenylketonuria (PKU)) of the Eastern laboratory from January 2011 to December 2017. Our data highlight the importance of the expanded newborn screening as a basic health program to avoid the underestimation of rare diseases and the need of further investigations even when there are no textbook alterations of the metabolic profiles. We performed our analysis on dried blood spot by tandem mass spectrometry, according to Italian guidelines. A total of 196 samples from 60,408 newborns gave positive screening results (recall rate 0.32%) while 12 babies were true positive, including 2 newborns whose mothers resulted in being affected by a metabolic disease. The overall frequency of IEM found in the screening panel was 1:6041 (mothers excluded) or 1:5034 (mothers included). The introduction of MS/MS technology in Sicily has significantly increased the detection of inherited metabolic disorders, including those not previously covered, with a predictable improved outcome for several disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- MariaAnna Messina
- Referral Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Clinical, AOU Policlinico-VE, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-3781-493
| | - Concetta Meli
- Referral Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Clinical, AOU Policlinico-VE, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Federica Raudino
- Referral Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Clinical, AOU Policlinico-VE, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Annarita Pittalá
- Referral Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Clinical, AOU Policlinico-VE, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessia Arena
- Referral Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Clinical, AOU Policlinico-VE, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Rita Barone
- Child Neurology and Psichiatry, AOU Policlinico-VE, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Fortunata Giuffrida
- Referral Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Clinical, AOU Policlinico-VE, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo Iacobacci
- Referral Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Clinical, AOU Policlinico-VE, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Vera Muccilli
- Chemistry Department, Uiversity of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sorge
- Referral Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Clinical, AOU Policlinico-VE, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Agata Fiumara
- Referral Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Clinical, AOU Policlinico-VE, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Friedman JM, Cornel MC, Goldenberg AJ, Lister KJ, Sénécal K, Vears DF. Genomic newborn screening: public health policy considerations and recommendations. BMC Med Genomics 2017; 10:9. [PMID: 28222731 PMCID: PMC5320805 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-017-0247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of genome-wide (whole genome or exome) sequencing for population-based newborn screening presents an opportunity to detect and treat or prevent many more serious early-onset health conditions than is possible today. METHODS The Paediatric Task Team of the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health's Regulatory and Ethics Working Group reviewed current understanding and concerns regarding the use of genomic technologies for population-based newborn screening and developed, by consensus, eight recommendations for clinicians, clinical laboratory scientists, and policy makers. RESULTS Before genome-wide sequencing can be implemented in newborn screening programs, its clinical utility and cost-effectiveness must be demonstrated, and the ability to distinguish disease-causing and benign variants of all genes screened must be established. In addition, each jurisdiction needs to resolve ethical and policy issues regarding the disclosure of incidental or secondary findings to families and ownership, appropriate storage and sharing of genomic data. CONCLUSION The best interests of children should be the basis for all decisions regarding the implementation of genomic newborn screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M. Friedman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Martina C. Cornel
- Section Clinical Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Holland
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Holland
| | - Aaron J. Goldenberg
- The Center for Genetic Research Ethics and Law, Department of Bioethics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Karla J. Lister
- Office of Population Health Genomics, Public Health Division, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Karine Sénécal
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Danya F. Vears
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Etchegary H, Nicholls SG, Tessier L, Simmonds C, Potter BK, Brehaut JC, Pullman D, Hayeems R, Zelenietz S, Lamoureux M, Milburn J, Turner L, Chakraborty P, Wilson B. Consent for newborn screening: parents' and health-care professionals' experiences of consent in practice. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:1530-1534. [PMID: 27302842 PMCID: PMC5110054 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Consent processes for newborn bloodspot screening (NBS) are variable, with a lack of descriptive research that depicts how the offer of NBS is made to parents. We explored the experience, in practice, of consent for NBS. Semistructured interviews in two Canadian provinces were held with: (1) parents of children offered NBS (n=32); and (2) health-care professionals involved in the NBS process (n=19). Data on recollections of NBS, including consent processes, were utilized to identify emerging themes using the method of constant comparison. Three themes were relevant to NBS consent: (1) The 'offer' of NBS; (2) content and timing of information provision; and (3) the importance of parental experiences for consent decisions. Recollections of consent for NBS were similar between jurisdictions. Excepting midwives and their patients, NBS was viewed as a routine part of giving birth, with little evidence of an informed consent process. Although most parents were satisfied, all respondents suggested information about NBS be provided long before the birth. Accounts of parents who declined screening highlight the influence of parental experiences with the heel prick process in screening decisions. Findings further our understanding of consent in practice and highlight areas for improvement in parent-provider interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Etchegary
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Stuart G Nicholls
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laure Tessier
- Newborn Screening Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charlene Simmonds
- Health Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Beth K Potter
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Daryl Pullman
- Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Robyn Hayeems
- Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sari Zelenietz
- Newborn Screening Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Monica Lamoureux
- Newborn Screening Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Milburn
- Newborn Screening Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lesley Turner
- Provincial Medical Genetics Program, Eastern Health, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Pranesh Chakraborty
- Newborn Screening Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brenda Wilson
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Hayeems RZ, Miller FA, Barg CJ, Bombard Y, Kerr E, Tam K, Carroll JC, Potter BK, Chakraborty P, Davies C, Milburn J, Patton S, Bytautas JP, Taylor L, Price A, Gonska T, Keenan K, Ratjen F, Guttmann A. Parent Experience With False-Positive Newborn Screening Results for Cystic Fibrosis. Pediatrics 2016; 138:peds.2016-1052. [PMID: 27485696 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-1052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of psychosocial harm in families of infants with false-positive (FP) newborn bloodspot screening (NBS) results for cystic fibrosis (CF) is a longstanding concern. Whether well designed retrieval and confirmatory testing systems can mitigate risks remains unknown. METHODS Using a mixed-methods cohort design, we obtained prospective self-report data from mothers of infants with FP CF NBS results 2 to 3 months after confirmatory testing at Ontario's largest follow-up center, and from a randomly selected control sample of mothers of screen negative infants from the same region. Mothers completed a questionnaire assessing experience and psychosocial response. A sample of mothers of FP infants completed qualitative interviews. RESULTS One hundred thirty-four mothers of FP infants (response rate, 55%) and 411 controls (response rate, 47%) completed questionnaires; 54 mothers of FP infants were interviewed. Selected psychosocial response measures did not detect psychosocial distress in newborns or 1 year later (P > .05). Mothers recalled distress during notification of the positive result and in the follow-up testing period related to fear of chronic illness, but valued the screening system of care in mitigating concerns. CONCLUSIONS Although immediate distress was reported among mothers of FP infants, selected psychometric tools did not detect these concerns. The NBS center from which mothers were recruited minimizes delay between notification and confirmatory testing and ensures trained professionals are communicating results and facilitating follow-up. These factors may explain the presence of minimal psychosocial burden. The screening system reflected herein may be a model for NBS programs working to minimize FP-related psychosocial harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Z Hayeems
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation,
| | | | | | - Yvonne Bombard
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Karen Tam
- Divisions of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics
| | - June C Carroll
- Family and Community Medicine, Sinai Health System, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Beth K Potter
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health & Preventive Medicine
| | - Pranesh Chakraborty
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Newborn Screening Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Christine Davies
- Newborn Screening Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jennifer Milburn
- Newborn Screening Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sarah Patton
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation
| | - Jessica P Bytautas
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - April Price
- Children's Hospital of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; and
| | | | | | - Felix Ratjen
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pediatric Medicine, and Respiratory Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics and
| | - Astrid Guttmann
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Departments of Pediatrics and Pediatric Medicine, and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Canada
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10
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Jansen ME, Metternick-Jones SC, Lister KJ. International differences in the evaluation of conditions for newborn bloodspot screening: a review of scientific literature and policy documents. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 25:10-16. [PMID: 27848945 PMCID: PMC5159762 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite international adoption of newborn bloodspot screening (DBS), no two countries' screening programs are the same. This article aims to understand what factors influence DBS decision-making criteria and how conditions are assessed against them. In doing so, it offers unique insights into the international landscape of DBS. A systematic review on DBS criteria in scientific literature was first undertaken. Through this, five topics were identified for consideration when analyzing DBS decision-making. Using these five topics as a template, a side-by-side comparison was conducted on DBS in policy documents of eight countries. Programs are using different approaches to explore the same policy issues, including: the beneficiary of DBS, definition of criteria, the way conditions are assessed, level of evidence required, and recommendations after assessment. These differences have the potential to result in increased disparity across DBS internationally. Ultimately, governments need to decide on their role and develop an approach to DBS decision-making in line with this role. The analyses presented in this article highlight that despite programs' commonalities, no one 'DBS decision-making solution' exists. Understanding the different approaches to decision-making within the literature and policy settings, provides an objective starting point for structured decision-making approaches for DBS programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen E Jansen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Section Community Genetics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute for Public Health Genomics, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Selina C Metternick-Jones
- Department of Health, Screening Policy Section, Office of Population Health Genomics, Government of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Karla J Lister
- Department of Health, Screening Policy Section, Office of Population Health Genomics, Government of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Metternick-Jones SC, Lister KJ, Dawkins HJS, White CA, Weeramanthri TS. Review of Current International Decision-Making Processes for Newborn Screening: Lessons for Australia. Front Public Health 2015; 3:214. [PMID: 26442241 PMCID: PMC4564656 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2015.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborn bloodspot screening has been operating successfully in Australia for almost 50 years. Recently, the development of new technologies and treatments has led to calls for the addition of new conditions to the screening programs. Internationally, it is recognized by governments that national policies for newborn screening should support transparent and evidence-based decision making, and promote consistency between states within a country. Australia is lagging behind the international community, and currently has no national policies or decision-making processes, agreed by government, to support its newborn screening programs. In contrast, New Zealand (NZ), the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States of America (US) have robust and transparent processes to assess conditions for screening, which have been developed by, and have pathways to, government. This review provides detail on the current policy environment for newborn screening in Australia, highlighting that there are a number of risks to the programs resulting from the lack of a decision-making process. It also describes the processes used to assess conditions for newborn screening in the US, UK, and NZ. These examples highlight the benefits of developing a national decision-making process, including ensuring that screening is evidence based and effective. These examples also provide models that might be considered for Australia, as well as other countries currently seeking to introduce or expand newborn bloodspot screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Carolyne Metternick-Jones
- Office of Population Health Genomics, Public Health Division, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Karla Jane Lister
- Office of Population Health Genomics, Public Health Division, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Hugh J. S. Dawkins
- Office of Population Health Genomics, Public Health Division, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Burlina AB, Corsello G. Survey of Italian pediatricians' perspectives and knowledge about neonatal screening. Ital J Pediatr 2015; 41:41. [PMID: 26021374 PMCID: PMC4462014 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-015-0147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The goal of newborn screening is early identification of babies with a high risk for disorders that may not be clinically evident at birth, but have severe consequences if untreated. New insight into inherited diseases and the ability to test for numerous diseases using new technique such as tandem mass spectrometry have made it practical to greatly expand the number of conditions tested. The expanded neonatal screening is now available and relatively simple, but this represents only a part of the picture. Positive results require follow-up confirmation. Most disorders screened require confirmatory biochemical or genetic tests and specialist visits. An efficient system is needed for managing the care of affected newborns. Expanded newborn screening is not yet available in all Regions of Italy, but discussions aimed at organizing universal access are underway. If these are successful, the role of the pediatrician as the primary contact with the parents is expected to become even more important. Methods We have conducted a survey of Italian pediatricians to assess their familiarity and opinions on newborn screening in general and on expanded newborn screening. All members of the Italian Association of Pediatricians (n = 9000) were invited to compile a 10-item questionnaire online. Results The response rate was 10 %, corresponding to 605 of 6000 active members. Respondents were from all Regions of Italy, with the highest number of responses coming from Lombardy (138, 22.8 %), Campania and Puglia (n = 61; 10.1 %). Interestingly, expanded neonatal screening was not available in any of these Regions at the time of the survey. Regarding their understanding of neonatal screening in general, most respondents (n = 552; 91.1 %) considered that they had at least a sufficient level of knowledge; however, only 59.6 % thought they had sufficient knowledge of expanded newborn screening. Conclusions Successful implementation of a universal expanded NBS program will require efficient procedures for follow-up, diagnosis and treatment to prevent morbidity and mortality of infants and to reduce the period of uncertainty for unaffected families. Pediatricians may need additional training to allow them to fulfill their tasks of coordinating this process while keeping families informed and reassured. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13052-015-0147-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto B Burlina
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Reference Centre Expanded Newborn Screening Regione Veneto, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Padova, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Corsello
- Pediatrics and Neonatal Intensive Care Units, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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Nicholls SG, Tessier L, Etchegary H, Brehaut JC, Potter BK, Hayeems RZ, Chakraborty P, Marcadier J, Milburn J, Pullman D, Turner L, Wilson BJ. Stakeholder attitudes towards the role and application of informed consent for newborn bloodspot screening: a study protocol. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e006782. [PMID: 25421341 PMCID: PMC4244491 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Newborn bloodspot screening (NBS) involves testing a small sample of blood taken from the heel of the newborn for a number of serious and life-limiting conditions. In Canada, newborn screening programmes fall under provincial and territorial jurisdiction with no federal coordination. To date, we know very little about the underlying beliefs around different consent practices or how terminology is interpreted by different individuals. Differences in attitudes may have important healthcare consequences. This study will provide empirical data comparing stakeholder opinions on their understanding of consent-related terminology, the perceived applicability of different consent approaches to newborn screening, and the requirements of these different approaches. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Parents, healthcare professionals and policymakers will be recruited in the provinces of Ontario and Newfoundland and Labrador. Parents will be identified through records held by each provincial screening programme. Healthcare professionals will be purposively sampled on the basis of engagement with newborn screening. Within each province we will identify policymakers who have policy analysis or advisory responsibilities relating to NBS. Data collection will be by qualitative interviews. We will conduct 20 interviews with parents of young children, 10 interviews with key healthcare professionals across the range of appropriate specialties and 10 with policymakers at each site (40 per site, total, N=80). The examination of the transcripts will follow a thematic analysis approach. Recruitment started in June 2014 and is expected to be complete by June 2015. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study received ethics approval from the Ottawa Health Science Network Research Ethics Board, the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Ethics Board (both Ontario), and the Health Research Ethics Authority (Newfoundland and Labrador). RESULTS These will be reported in peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. The results will have specific application to the development of parent education materials for newborn screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Nicholls
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - L Tessier
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - H Etchegary
- Clinical Epidemiology, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - J C Brehaut
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - B K Potter
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Z Hayeems
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - P Chakraborty
- Newborn Screening Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Marcadier
- Newborn Screening Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Milburn
- Better Outcomes Registry and Network (BORN), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Pullman
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. Johns, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - L Turner
- Eastern Health, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - B J Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Tezel B, Dilli D, Bolat H, Şahman H, Özbaş S, Acıcan D, Ertek M, Köse MR, Dilmen U. The development and organization of newborn screening programs in Turkey. J Clin Lab Anal 2014; 28:63-9. [PMID: 24375520 PMCID: PMC6807568 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Newborn screening tests have been designed to identify infants with severe disorders that are relatively prevalent and treatable or controllable. Comparing to other countries, the incidence of these diseases are very high in Turkey where the rate of consanguineous marriage is high. METHODS In this article, it is aimed to evaluate the development and organization of newborn screening programs in Turkey which include phenylketonuria, congenital hypothyroidism and biotinidase deficiency screenings. The point reached today, limitations of the program, expectations and projects for the future are discussed. RESULTS Today, the point reached in screening programs of the country is appreciable. While the screening rate of the live born babies was 4,7% in 1987, this rate reached to 95% by 2008. Predicted target for newborn screening program at the strategic plan of Ministry of Health for 2010-2014 was to enhance this rate above 95% by the end of 2012. It seems that the envisaged goal has been reached. CONCLUSION National newborn screening program appears to be conducted successfully and extensively as a result of political determination and performance of health care workers who are in charge of this program. Nevertheless, limited numbers of the nutrition and metabolism clinics and specialists on these branches have caused some access difficulties, waste of time, and financial loss. Therefore, special planning to improve quality and the number of the clinics would be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Başak Tezel
- Department of Child and Adolescent HealthPublic Health Institution of TurkeyAnkaraTurkey
| | - Dilek Dilli
- Department of NeonatologyDr Sami Ulus Maternity and Children Research and Training HospitalAnkaraTurkey
| | - Hilal Bolat
- Department of Child and Adolescent HealthPublic Health Institution of TurkeyAnkaraTurkey
| | - Hatice Şahman
- Department of Child and Adolescent HealthPublic Health Institution of TurkeyAnkaraTurkey
| | - Sema Özbaş
- Department of Child and Adolescent HealthPublic Health Institution of TurkeyAnkaraTurkey
| | - Deniz Acıcan
- Department of Child and Adolescent HealthPublic Health Institution of TurkeyAnkaraTurkey
| | - Mustafa Ertek
- Hospital ManagerDr Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Oncology Training and Research HospitalAnkaraTurkey
| | - Mehmet Rıfat Köse
- Advisor to Minister, Member of Health Policy BoardMinistry of HealthAnkaraTurkey
| | - Uğur Dilmen
- Department of Pediatrics and NeonatologyYıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of MedicineAnkaraTurkey
- Director General of Health ResearchMinistry of HealthAnkaraTurkey
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Nicholls SG, Southern KW. Informed choice for newborn blood spot screening in the United Kingdom: a survey of parental perceptions. Pediatrics 2012; 130:e1527-33. [PMID: 23147970 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2012-1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the United Kingdom, newborn blood spot screening proceeds on the basis of consent based on an informed choice. However, little is known about parent experiences of this process. This study was intended to explore parents' understanding of newborn screening and their experience of the consent process using a structured survey. METHODS A mail survey exploring key components of consent was sent to parents whose children had been screened in the year before the study. A descriptive analysis of responses together with logistic regression was performed to identify variables that predicted parental likelihood to agree that they had made an informed choice to screening. RESULTS Most parents indicated they understood why the heel prick was done, but only a third understood how conditions would be dealt with if found. Almost a third of parents reported that they did not feel they had a choice to decline screening, yet >70% felt they had made an informed choice. Logistic regression indicated previous children, understanding why the heel prick was done, having time to make a decision, and feeling they had a choice were significant predictors of feeling an informed choice had been made. CONCLUSIONS The findings support previous studies that screening may be seen as a fait accompli. Analyses indicated that allowing time to make a decision (eg, by providing information during pregnancy, emphasizing the decision-making aspect, and clearly articulating the reasons behind screening) may help parents feel that they have made an informed choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart G Nicholls
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
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Forman J, Coyle F, Levy-Fisch J, Roberts P, Terry S, Legge M. Screening criteria: the need to deal with new developments and ethical issues in newborn metabolic screening. J Community Genet 2012; 4:59-67. [PMID: 23055099 PMCID: PMC3537969 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-012-0118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborn metabolic screening is the most widespread application of screening technology and provides the most comprehensive application of genetics in health services, where the Guthrie blood spot cards allow screening for metabolic diseases in close to 100 % of all newborn babies. Despite over 40 years of use and significant benefits to well in excess of 100,000 children worldwide, there is remarkably little consensus in what conditions should be screened for and response to new advances in medicine relating to programme expansion. In this article, the international criteria for newborn metabolic screening are considered, and we propose that these criteria are poorly developed in relation to the baby, its family and society as a whole. Additionally, the ethical issues that should inform the application of screening criteria are often not developed to a level where a consensus might easily be achieved. We also consider that when family interests are factored in to the decision-making process, they have a significant influence in determining the list of diseases in the panel, with countries or states incorporating family and societal values being the most responsive. Based on our analysis, we propose that decision criteria for metabolic screening in the newborn period should be adapted to specifically include parent and family interests, community values, patients’ rights, duties of government and healthcare providers, and ethical arguments for action in the face of uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Forman
- New Zealand Organisation for Rare Disorders (NZORD), PO Box 38-538, Wellington Mail Centre, 5045, Wellington, New Zealand,
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Scala I, Parenti G, Andria G. Universal screening for inherited metabolic diseases in the neonate (and the fetus). J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012; 25:4-6. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2012.716983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Feuchtbaum L, Cunningham G, Sciortino S. Questioning the Need for Informed Consent: A Case Study of California's Experience with a Pilot Newborn Screening Research Project. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2012; 2:3-14. [PMID: 19385846 DOI: 10.1525/jer.2007.2.3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CALIFORNIA PROVIDES MANDATORY newborn screening for disorders that cause irreversible, severe disabilities if not identified and treated early in life. Parental consent is not required. In 2001, the Genetic Disease Branch was mandated to pilot test a new technology that could identify many additional disorders using the same blood specimen already collected. Study participation required informed consent, which was obtained for 47% of births during the study timeframe. The inability of hospitals to carry out the consent procedure for all newborns resulted in denial of testing and missed cases. If informed consent were waived, all newborns could have been tested. Several empirical questions are posed and each is examined from the perspective of society, the parents and the newborn. It is concluded that the legitimate needs of society and the interests of newborns should not be sacrificed to respond to the autonomy interests of the few parents who did not wish their infant to participate in the study, and that in the future, parental consent should be waived for projects evaluating new screening technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Feuchtbaum
- California Department of Health Services, Genetic Disease Branch, Richmond, CA (USA)
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Al-Maawali AA, Joshi SN, Koul RL, Al-Maawali AA, Al-Sedari HS, Al-Amri BM, Al-Futaisi AM. Spectrum of paediatric lysosomal storage disorders in oman. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2012; 12:295-9. [PMID: 22912921 DOI: 10.12816/0003142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to look at the spectrum of paediatric lysosomal disorders in Oman. Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a heterogeneous group of inherited metabolic diseases. Few studies on the birth prevalence and prevalence of LSDs have been reported from the Arabian Peninsula. METHODS We studied 86 children with LSDs diagnosed over a period of nine years, from June 1998 to May 2007. Detailed clinical data, including age of onset, sex, age and mode of first presentation, and presence of consanguinity were collected. RESULTS Our data showed the combined birth prevalence for all LSDs in Oman to be around 1 in 4,700 live births. Sphingolipidoses was the most common group of disorder encountered (47.7%), followed by neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) (23.2%) and mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) (23.2%). The proportion of consanguineous marriages in our series was found to be 87.5%. CONCLUSION Our data represent the birth prevalence and clinical spectrum of such disorders in Oman, one of the highly consanguineous societies in the Middle East.
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Botelho Barra C, Novato Silva I, Leite Pezzuti I, Nélio Januário J. Neonatal screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0104-4230(12)70229-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Barra CB, Silva IN, Pezzuti IL, Januário JN. Triagem neonatal para hiperplasia adrenal congênita. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-42302012000400017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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García-Jiménez MC, Baldellou A, García-Silva MT, Dalmau-Serra J, García-Cazorla A, Gómez-López L, Giner CP, Luengo OA, Peña Quintana L, Couce ML, Martínez-Pardo M, Lambruschini N. [Epidemiological study of the metabolic diseases with homocystinuria in Spain]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2011; 76:133-9. [PMID: 22047794 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2011.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of homocystinuria in Spain and to establish the measures and mechanisms to ensure its prevention, diagnosis and treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS A national cross-sectional survey was conducted by means of a questionnaire sent to 35 hospitals in which children and adult patients are treated. RESULTS Using the questionnaires submitted by 25 physicians from 16 centres, 75 patients were identified: 41 transsulphuration defects (one deceased), 27 remethylation (six deaths) and 7 without a syndromic diagnosis. The age at diagnosis varied widely, and 18 cases had more than one sibling affected. The more severe clinical manifestations involved the patients with remethylation defects. There was a high percentage of cognitive impairment, followed by lens diseases. Almost half of the patients had neurological disorders. There was increased vascular involvement in CBS-deficient adults. The therapeutic options most used were, folic acid, hydroxycobalamin and betaine. CONCLUSIONS In view of these results and especially the small number of CBS deficiencies detected, we conclude that there is a need to introduce newborn screening for classical homocystinuria and ensure implementation of an appropriate diagnostic workup in all patients at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C García-Jiménez
- Servicio Pediatría, Unidad de Metabolopatías, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Zaragoza, España.
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Petros M. Revisiting the Wilson-Jungner criteria: how can supplemental criteria guide public health in the era of genetic screening? Genet Med 2011; 14:129-34. [DOI: 10.1038/gim.0b013e31823331d0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Neonatal screening for inborn errors of metabolism using tandem mass spectrometry: experience of the pilot study in Andhra Pradesh, India. Indian J Pediatr 2011; 78:953-60. [PMID: 21416125 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-011-0398-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of the Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM), evaluate biomarker distributions and determine benefits of screening for the inborn errors of metabolism in Andhra Pradesh, India, using Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS). METHODS The 4,946 newborns born during the period 2006-2008 in four major Government Maternity Hospitals in a rural district in Andhra Pradesh, India, were screened at an established newborn screening laboratory in the US using their previously established norms. RESULTS Forty-seven neonates had out-of-range results (5 high probability; 28 low probability; 14 indeterminate). Two infants with disorders (carnitine uptake disorder and isovaleric aciduria) identified by screening are currently doing well. One infant with presumed glutaric aciduria type II, was deceased at the time of reporting. Another infant, with glutaric aciduria type I, became symptomatic and died at the age of 1 year despite early detection and treatment. A comparison of the concentrations of biomarkers among babies born in India and those born in Massachusetts, US, was also undertaken and significant differences were noted. CONCLUSIONS A high prevalence of disorders was observed, but to estimate the true extent of the IEM in India larger studies are required. This study also illustrates challenges encountered in disease management highlighting the importance of considering the access to confirmatory testing and continuing clinical care before implementing any large-scale NBS for conditions with resource-intensive health needs such as the IEM detected by MS/MS.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED The potential of newborn blood-spot screening is expanding rapidly with the development of new analytical techniques and treatment methods. At the same time, some existing programmes, particularly that for congenital hypothyroidism, are coming under scrutiny because of suspicion that they are being shaped by analytical performance rather than evidence of clinical need. Screening policy varies greatly from country to country. CONCLUSION Ethical and political considerations may sometimes override formal scientific decision models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney J Pollitt
- Clinical Chemistry and Newborn Screening, The Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
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Dhondt JL. Expanded newborn screening: social and ethical issues. J Inherit Metab Dis 2010; 33:S211-7. [PMID: 20544288 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-010-9138-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Newborn screening and genetic testing have expanded rapidly in the last decade with the advent of multiplex (e.g., tandem mass spectrometry) and/or DNA technologies. However, screening panels include a large number of disorders, which may not meet all of the traditional screening criteria, established in late 1960s, and used for years to justify screening programs. After a period of expansion driven by technological advances, many reports have reconsidered the justification of expanded programs. Many factors have contributed to test-panel discrepancies between countries. The test-panel review methodology, the way health benefits are weighed against harms, and the socioeconomic-political environment all play a role. Expansion of screening also requires reconsideration of the infrastructure (ideally, in the context of national plans for rare diseases) to support testing, counselling, education, treatment, and follow-up. Consequently, economic aspects cannot be ignored and can be a limitation for expansion. New ethical questions have emerged: risks of discrimination or stigmatization, respect of the autonomy of persons to make decisions, parental anxiety resulting from a false positive test (especially when reporting to parents screening results for untreatable conditions identified as by-products of screening), etc. For disorders where there is not yet confirmation of benefit, it may be prudent to recommend pilot screening and to have a mechanism that can be used to adapt or even to stop a program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Dhondt
- AFDPHE (French Association for Neonatal screening) and Laboratoire, Hôpital StPhilibert, 115 rue du grand but., Lomme cedex, France.
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Wieser B. Public accountability of newborn screening: collective knowing and deciding. Soc Sci Med 2010; 70:926-33. [PMID: 20061074 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Revised: 10/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A number of European countries have expanded their screening programme considerably during the last decade. Other countries have, however, not expanded their programme substantially. In this paper, I will compare UK and Austria, two countries representing two ends of the European spectrum. Focussing on the decision-making processes behind the design and expansion of newborn screening, I draw on Sheila Jasanoff's concept of "civic epistemology" (Jasanoff, S. (2005). Designs on Nature. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press.) to investigate how the chosen countries provide information in order to give account for their respective screening policies. In particular, I analyse how key institutions in the UK and Austria use scientific expertise to explain and justify national screening programmes. For this purpose, I compare the material that is made available to the public, including policy documents, scientific studies, medical guidelines, legal regulation, advisory committee reports and public engagement exercises. It was found that the observed differences in the accountability practices are rooted in nationally traditional forms of policy making. However, whether or not these repertoires become indeed realised is a more contingent matter and is often triggered by events which evoke a response from the medical and policy-making actors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Wieser
- Inter-University Research Centre for Technology, Work and Culture, Modern Biotechnology, Schloegelgasse 2, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Wilcken B, Haas M, Joy P, Wiley V, Bowling F, Carpenter K, Christodoulou J, Cowley D, Ellaway C, Fletcher J, Kirk EP, Lewis B, McGill J, Peters H, Pitt J, Ranieri E, Yaplito-Lee J, Boneh A. Expanded newborn screening: outcome in screened and unscreened patients at age 6 years. Pediatrics 2009; 124:e241-8. [PMID: 19620191 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2008-0586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tandem mass spectrometry is widely applied to routine newborn screening but there are no long-term studies of outcome. We studied the clinical outcome at six years of age in Australia. METHODS In a cohort study, we analyzed the outcome at 6 years for patients detected by screening or by clinical diagnosis among >2 million infants born from 1994 to 1998 (1,017,800, all unscreened) and 1998 to 2002 (461,500 screened, 533,400 unscreened) recording intellectual and physical condition, school placement, other medical problems, growth, treatment, diet, and hospital admissions. Results were analyzed separately for medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) and other disorders, and grouped patients as those who presented clinically or died in the first 5 days of life; patients presented later or diagnosed by screening, and those with substantially benign disorders. RESULTS Inborn errors, excluding phenylketonuria, were diagnosed in 116 of 1,551,200 unscreened infants (7.5/100,000 births) and 70 of 461,500 screened infants (15.2/100,000 births). Excluding MCADD, 21 unscreened patients with metabolic disorders diagnosed after 5 days of life died or had a significant intellectual or physical handicap (1.35/100,000 population) compared with 2 of the screened cohort (0.43/100,000; odds ratio: 3.1 [95% CI: 0.73-13.32]). Considering the likely morbidity or mortality among the expected number of never-diagnosed unscreened patients, there would be a significant difference. Growth distribution was normal in all cohorts. CONCLUSION Screening by tandem mass spectrometry provides a better outcome for patients at 6 years of age, with fewer deaths and fewer clinically significant disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Wilcken
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
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Recovery of anti-Toxoplasma gondii immunoglobulin M in stored guthrie card blood spots. J Clin Microbiol 2009; 47:2626-8. [PMID: 19494076 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00893-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Retrospective testing of neonatal Guthrie card blood spots for specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) can distinguish congenital toxoplasmosis from acquired toxoplasmosis. We determined whether storage temperature reduced IgM detection, using filter paper blood samples "spiked" with anti-Toxoplasma IgM. After 300 days, IgM detection deteriorated with storage at room temperature but not at temperatures of 4 degrees C or lower.
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Pollitt RJ. Newborn blood spot screening: new opportunities, old problems. J Inherit Metab Dis 2009; 32:395-9. [PMID: 19412659 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-009-9962-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Revised: 03/06/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Newborn screening is evolving very rapidly. Geographical coverage is expanding, particularly for common disorders such as congenital hypothyroidism. New technologies, particularly tandem mass spectrometry and high throughput mutation analysis, have increased greatly the range of disorders which could be covered. However, these new possibilities are being exploiting at very different rates in different countries. This is due in part to the different ways in which generally-accepted screening criteria, based on the ten principles of Wilson and Jungner, are being interpreted and applied to policy. The appropriate management of some of the conditions newly-detectable by screening also remains controversial and there is a pressing need to align screening policy and clinical practice. Critical analysis and careful collection of data on an international basis are required to resolve these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Pollitt
- Newborn Screening Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, Sheffield S10 2TH, UK.
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Ross LF. Newborn screening for cystic fibrosis: a lesson in public health disparities. J Pediatr 2008; 153:308-13. [PMID: 18718257 PMCID: PMC2569148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2007] [Revised: 03/31/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lainie Friedman Ross
- Department of Pediatrics and the MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Andermann A, Blancquaert I, Beauchamp S, Déry V. Revisiting Wilson and Jungner in the genomic age: a review of screening criteria over the past 40 years. Bull World Health Organ 2008; 86:317-9. [PMID: 18438522 DOI: 10.2471/blt.07.050112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 521] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
While newborn blood spot screening has historically been viewed as a public health success, the potential harms and benefits are more finely balanced for new conditions being considered for program expansion. We highlight complex issues that must be addressed in policy decisions, which in turn requires a consideration of many stakeholder perspectives. Using national policy documents from the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, and Canada, we describe the participation of stakeholder organizations in the newborn screening policy process, how such organizations have incorporated stakeholder views into their own policy writing, and their recommendations for inclusiveness. Stakeholder participation in newborn screening decision-making is widely acknowledged as important, and many methods have been endorsed - consultation as well as direct or indirect input into policy development. Differences across organizations and jurisdictions raise questions about the most effective approaches for facilitating inclusiveness, suggesting a need for formal evaluative research.
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Downing M, Pollitt R. Newborn bloodspot screening in the UK – past, present and future. Ann Clin Biochem 2008; 45:11-7. [DOI: 10.1258/acb.2007.007127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Screening newborn babies for inherited metabolic disease began in the UK in the late 1950s with the ‘nappy test’ for phenylketonuria. In 1969 the Department of Health recommended changing to bloodspot screening using the techniques developed in the USA by Robert Guthrie and his associates. Bloodspot screening for various other disorders (galactosaemia, maple syrup urine disease, homocystinuria, cystic fibrosis and others) was introduced on a patchy local basis but, until 2000, the only additional disorder officially recommended was congenital hypothyroidism. Screening for haemoglobinopathies received official support in 2000 and for cystic fibrosis in 2001 though implementation was slow, particularly for the latter. Both these screens have raised difficult issues relating to genetic privacy and the detection of carrier status in children. During the last decade screening has become increasingly subject to central control. Though a more consistent and systematic approach was clearly needed, this has undoubtedly slowed the rate of innovation. In particular the UK has lagged behind many other European countries in the application of tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) though, following a major pilot study, screening for medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency is now in the process of introduction. Attempts to codify clinical and laboratory procedures have also proved controversial, highlighting marked differences in practice in various parts of the country and the difficulty of rationalizing these within a practicable and scientifically justified framework. Notwithstanding this, there are many positive developments and newborn screening remains a stimulating and rewarding field in which to work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Downing
- Clinical Chemistry and Newborn Screening, The Children's Hospital, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TH, UK
| | - Rodney Pollitt
- Clinical Chemistry and Newborn Screening, The Children's Hospital, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TH, UK
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Cederbaum S. Newborn screening: the spigot is open and threatens to become a flood. J Pediatr 2007; 151:108-10. [PMID: 17643755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Webster D. Quality performance of newborn screening systems: strategies for improvement. J Inherit Metab Dis 2007; 30:576-84. [PMID: 17701286 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-007-0639-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2007] [Revised: 06/14/2007] [Accepted: 06/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Newborn metabolic screening is a public health activity with the potential to realize significant health gains for infants affected with a range of congenital conditions. Many of these are inborn errors of metabolism. The activities required to achieve the gains are diverse and carried out by a number of organizations, by families and by many health care professionals. Laboratories have the best-developed quality strategies, which include quality assurance programmes, guidelines, protocols and standards. Two-tier testing and use of multiple markers improve sensitivity and specificity. There are international initiatives to harmonize assay materials and definitions to allow better benchmarking between programmes. Outside the laboratory, standards, education and protocols improve the quality of specimen collection, diagnosis and treatment, which together produce the health gains.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Webster
- NZ National Testing Centre, PO Box 872, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Pollitt RJ. Introducing new screens: why are we all doing different things? J Inherit Metab Dis 2007; 30:423-9. [PMID: 17616846 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-007-0647-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2007] [Revised: 05/23/2007] [Accepted: 05/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The disease panels covered by newborn blood spot screening vary greatly from country to country. There are different interpretations of the Wilson and Jungner principles and of underlying data in the scientific literature, and great disparities between the value judgements applied in screening and in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Pollitt
- Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
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Abstract
Despite advancements in genetics, chemistry, and protein engineering, recent years have seen fewer approvals of new drugs, increases in development costs, and high-profile drug withdrawals. This article focuses on technologic methods for improving drug development efficiency. These technologies include high-content cell screening, expression profiling, mass spectroscopy, mouse models of disease, and a post-launch screening program that enables investigations of adverse drug effects. Implementation of these new technologies promises to improve performance in drug development and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Thomas Caskey
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Wilcken B. Recent advances in newborn screening. J Inherit Metab Dis 2007; 30:129-33. [PMID: 17342450 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-007-0538-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2006] [Revised: 01/10/2007] [Accepted: 01/10/2007] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of tandem mass spectrometry has unquestionably been the most striking recent advance in newborn screening. A single test is applied for the simultaneous diagnosis of a number of disorders, making it possible to screen for some disorders that might otherwise have seemed too rare. Current screening is for disorders of metabolism of amino acids, organic acids and fatty acids. Assay performance for detection of disorders appears very good, but rarity of disorders, varied definitions and systems for follow-up and lack of databases for inborn errors of metabolism diagnosed clinically means that there is as yet insufficient information about most disorders. The technology can be applied to a much wider range of compounds, and the field looks set to expand. A key feature of newborn screening programmes must be the assessment of outcomes, and a major reason for the lack of uniformity in the approach adopted in different countries is the paucity of information on this. The available evidence points to overall advantages flowing from early diagnosis by screening, with reduction in mortality and morbidity. More studies are clearly needed and some are under way. The next new group of disorders already proposed for newborn screening is the lysosomal storage disorders. Attitudes may be changing about what it is desirable to include in a newborn screening programme, and this will indeed pose new ethical dilemmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wilcken
- Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
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Schlotterbeck G, Ross A, Dieterle F, Senn H. Metabolic profiling technologies for biomarker discovery in biomedicine and drug development. Pharmacogenomics 2006; 7:1055-75. [PMID: 17054416 DOI: 10.2217/14622416.7.7.1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The state-of-the-art of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and statistical tools for the acquisition and evaluation of complex multidimensional spectroscopic data in metabolic profiling is reviewed in this article. The continuous evolution of the sensitivity, precision and throughput has made these technologies powerful and extremely robust tools for application in systems biology, pharmaceutical and diagnostics research. Particular emphasis is also given to the collection and storage of biological samples that are subjected to metabolite profiling. Selected examples from preclinical and clinical applications are paradigmatically shown. These illustrate the power of the profiling technologies for characterizing the metabolic phenotype of healthy, diseased and treated subjects. The complexity of disease and drug treatment is asking for an adequate response by integrated and comprehensive metabolite profiling approaches that allow the discovery of new combinations of metabolic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Götz Schlotterbeck
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Pharmaceuticals Division, PRBD-E, CH- 4070 Basel, Switzerland
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