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Cao Y, Ai M, Liu C. The impact of lipidome on breast cancer: a Mendelian randomization study. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:109. [PMID: 38622701 PMCID: PMC11017498 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the association between specific lipidomes and the risk of breast cancer (BC) using the Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization (TSMR) approach and Bayesian Model Averaging Mendelian Randomization (BMA-MR) method. METHOD The study analyzed data from large-scale GWAS datasets of 179 lipidomes to assess the relationship between lipidomes and BC risk across different molecular subtypes. TSMR was employed to explore causal relationships, while the BMA-MR method was carried out to validate the results. The study assessed heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy through Cochran's Q, MR-Egger intercept tests, and MR-PRESSO. Moreover, a leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of individual single nucleotide polymorphisms on the MR study. RESULTS By examining 179 lipidome traits as exposures and BC as the outcome, the study revealed significant causal effects of glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and glycerolipids on BC risk. Specifically, for estrogen receptor-positive BC (ER+ BC), phosphatidylcholine (P < 0.05) and phosphatidylinositol (OR: 0.916-0.966, P < 0.05) within glycerophospholipids play significant roles, along with the importance of glycerolipids (diacylglycerol (OR = 0.923, P < 0.001) and triacylglycerol, OR: 0.894-0.960, P < 0.05)). However, the study did not observe a noteworthy impact of sphingolipids on ER+BC. In the case of estrogen receptor-negative BC (ER- BC), not only glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids (OR = 1.085, P = 0.008), and glycerolipids (OR = 0.909, P = 0.002) exerted an influence, but the protective effect of sterols (OR: 1.034-1.056, P < 0.05) was also discovered. The prominence of glycerolipids was minimal in ER-BC. Phosphatidylethanolamine (OR: 1.091-1.119, P < 0.05) was an important causal effect in ER-BC. CONCLUSIONS The findings reveal that phosphatidylinositol and triglycerides levels decreased the risk of BC, indicating a potential protective role of these lipid molecules. Moreover, the study elucidates BC's intricate lipid metabolic pathways, highlighting diverse lipidome structural variations that may have varying effects in different molecular subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Cao
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 33 Badachu Road, Shijingshan, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Meichen Ai
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chunjun Liu
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 33 Badachu Road, Shijingshan, Beijing, 100144, China.
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Pan Y, Zhao Q, He H, Qi Y, Bai Y, Zhao J, Yang Y. TRPML1 as a potential therapeutic target for triple-negative breast cancer: a review. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1326023. [PMID: 38156109 PMCID: PMC10753766 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1326023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most refractory subtype of breast cancer, and effective treatments are urgently needed owing to its poor prognosis. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, alone or in combination, are the leading choices for TNBC therapy. Although promising approaches and procedures have emerged, several challenges, such as off-target effects, drug resistance, and severe side effects, remain to be addressed. Recently, transient receptor potential channel mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) has attracted the attention of researchers because its expression has been implicated in numerous diseases, including cancer. TRPML1 regulates biological events and signaling pathways, including autophagic flux, exocytosis, ionic homeostasis, and lysosomal biogenesis, all contributing to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. TRPML1 also functions as a building block for cancer cell growth, mitogenic signaling, priming tissues for metastasis, and activation of transcriptional programs, processes involved in several malignant tumors. This review provides an overview of breast cancer epidemiology and diagnostic techniques and then discusses the existing therapeutics. Additionally, we elaborate on the development of, and associated challenges to, TNBC diagnostics and treatment and the feasibility of TRPML1 as a therapeutic target for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Pan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qiancheng Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Haitao He
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yubo Qi
- First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yujie Bai
- First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yiming Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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3
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Nakayama J, Makinoshima H, Gong Z. Gastrulation Screening to Identify Anti-metastasis Drugs in Zebrafish Embryos. Bio Protoc 2022; 12:e4525. [PMID: 36313195 PMCID: PMC9548519 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Few models exist that allow for rapid and effective screening of anti-metastasis drugs. Here, we present a drug screening protocol utilizing gastrulation of zebrafish embryos for identification of anti-metastasis drugs. Based on the evidence that metastasis proceeds through utilizing the molecular mechanisms of gastrulation, we hypothesized that chemicals interrupting zebrafish gastrulation might suppress the metastasis of cancer cells. Thus, we developed a phenotype-based chemical screen that uses epiboly, the first morphogenetic movement in gastrulation, as a marker. The screen only needs zebrafish embryos and enables hundreds of chemicals to be tested in five hours by observing the epiboly progression of chemical-treated embryos. In the screen, embryos at the two-cell stage are firstly corrected and then developed to the sphere stage. The embryos are treated with a test chemical and incubated in the presence of the chemical until vehicle-treated embryos develop to the 90% epiboly stage. Finally, positive 'hit' chemicals that interrupt epiboly progression are selected by comparing epiboly progression of the chemical-treated and vehicle-treated embryos under a stereoscopic microscope. A previous study subjected 1,280 FDA-approved drugs to the screen and identified adrenosterone and pizotifen as epiboly-interrupting drugs. These were validated to suppress metastasis of breast cancer cells in mice models of metastasis. Furthermore, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (HSD11β1) and serotonin receptor 2C (HTR2C), the primary targets of adrenosterone and pizotifen, respectively, promoted metastasis through induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Therefore, this screen could be converted into a chemical genetic screening platform for identification of metastasis-promoting genes. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Nakayama
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer Center, Tsuruoka, Japan
,
Shonai Regional Industry Promotion Center, Tsuruoka, Japan
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Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
,
*For correspondence:
| | - Hideki Makinoshima
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer Center, Tsuruoka, Japan
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Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology Research, and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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4
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Huang B, Zhang X, Cao Q, Chen J, Lin C, Xiang T, Zeng P. Construction and validation of a prognostic risk model for breast cancer based on protein expression. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:148. [PMID: 35787690 PMCID: PMC9252042 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01299-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BRCA) is the primary cause of mortality among females globally. The combination of advanced genomic analysis with proteomics characterization to construct a protein prognostic model will help to screen effective biomarkers and find new therapeutic directions. This study obtained proteomics data from The Cancer Proteome Atlas (TCPA) dataset and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to construct a prognostic risk model, which was consisted of 6 proteins (CASPASE7CLEAVEDD198, NFKBP65-pS536, PCADHERIN, P27, X4EBP1-pT70, and EIF4G). Based on risk curves, survival curves, receiver operating characteristic curves, and independent prognostic analysis, the protein prognostic model could be viewed as an independent factor to accurately predict the survival time of BRCA patients. We further validated that this prognostic model had good predictive performance in the GSE88770 dataset. The expression of 6 proteins was significantly associated with the overall survival of BRCA patients. The 6 proteins and encoding genes were differentially expressed in normal and primary tumor tissues and in different BRCA stages. In addition, we verified the expression of 3 differential proteins by immunohistochemistry and found that CDH3 and EIF4G1 were significantly higher in breast cancer tissues. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the 6 genes were mainly related to the HIF-1 signaling pathway and the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. This study suggested that the prognosis-related proteins might serve as new biomarkers for BRCA diagnosis, and that the risk model could be used to predict the prognosis of BRCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Huang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xujun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingyi Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianing Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenhong Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianxin Xiang
- Department of Hospital Infection Control, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- Department of Hospital Infection Control, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, China.
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Song X, Wei C, Li X. The Signaling Pathways Associated With Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:855609. [PMID: 35372035 PMCID: PMC8965611 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.855609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) is now the leading cause of cancer in women, and bone is the primary site of distant BC metastasis. BC bone metastasis seriously affects the quality of life of patients and increases the mortality rate. However, the mechanism of BC bone metastasis is not fully understood. Main Body Paget’s “seed and soil” hypothesis led experts to explore the relationship between surface markers and receptors in breast tumors and various growth factors in bone. The relevant breast tumor markers serve as “seeds”, and the bone microenvironment that is suitable for the survival of the tumor serves as the “soil”. These factors interact to make up an entire system and form feedback pathways that accelerate the production of various cytokines, attracting BC cells to migrate to bone tissue, which worsens the development of BC and seriously affects the prognosis of patients. This process is a vicious cycle. At present, there are seven major signaling pathways involved in BC bone metastasis: the OPG/RANK/RANKL signaling pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway, IGF system, PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway and Hippo signaling pathway. In addition, FGF-FGFR signaling pathway, androgen-AR/LSD1-target gene pathway, Notch signaling pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway and CaN/NFATC1 signaling pathway also seem to be associated with BC bone metastasis. Conclusion This review focuses on the signaling pathways related to BC bone metastasis and explores the interactions among these pathways, which will lay a solid theoretical foundation for further understanding the mechanism of BC bone metastasis and developing effective targeted therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Changran Wei
- Department of The First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangqi Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
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A novel PI3K inhibitor XH30 suppresses orthotopic glioblastoma and brain metastasis in mice models. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:774-786. [PMID: 35256946 PMCID: PMC8897175 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is carcinogenesis of glial cells in central nervous system and has the highest incidence among primary brain tumors. Brain metastasis, such as breast cancer and lung cancer, also leads to high mortality. The available medicines are limited due to blood–brain barrier. Abnormal activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K) signaling pathway is prevalent in glioblastoma and metastatic tumors. Here, we characterized a 2-amino-4-methylquinazoline derivative XH30 as a potent PI3K inhibitor with excellent anti-tumor activity against human glioblastoma. XH30 significantly repressed the proliferation of various brain cancer cells and decreased the phosphorylation of key proteins of PI3K signaling pathway, induced cell cycle arrest in G1 phase as well. Additionally, XH30 inhibited the migration of glioma cells and blocked the activation of PI3K pathway by interleukin-17A (IL-17A), which increased the migration of U87MG. Oral administration of XH30 significantly suppressed the tumor growth in both subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor models. XH30 also repressed tumor growth in brain metastasis models of lung cancers. Moreover, XH30 reduced IL-17A and its receptor IL-17RA in vivo. These results indicate that XH30 might be a potential therapeutic drug candidate for glioblastoma migration and brain metastasis.
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Nakayama J, Tan L, Li Y, Goh BC, Wang S, Makinoshima H, Gong Z. A zebrafish embryo screen utilizing gastrulation identifies the HTR2C inhibitor pizotifen as a suppressor of EMT-mediated metastasis. eLife 2021; 10:e70151. [PMID: 34919051 PMCID: PMC8824480 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is responsible for approximately 90% of cancer-associated mortality but few models exist that allow for rapid and effective screening of anti-metastasis drugs. Current mouse models of metastasis are too expensive and time consuming to use for rapid and high-throughput screening. Therefore, we created a unique screening concept utilizing conserved mechanisms between zebrafish gastrulation and cancer metastasis for identification of potential anti-metastatic drugs. We hypothesized that small chemicals that interrupt zebrafish gastrulation might also suppress metastatic progression of cancer cells and developed a phenotype-based chemical screen to test the hypothesis. The screen used epiboly, the first morphogenetic movement in gastrulation, as a marker and enabled 100 chemicals to be tested in 5 hr. The screen tested 1280 FDA-approved drugs and identified pizotifen, an antagonist for serotonin receptor 2C (HTR2C) as an epiboly-interrupting drug. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of HTR2C suppressed metastatic progression in a mouse model. Blocking HTR2C with pizotifen restored epithelial properties to metastatic cells through inhibition of Wnt signaling. In contrast, HTR2C induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition through activation of Wnt signaling and promoted metastatic dissemination of human cancer cells in a zebrafish xenotransplantation model. Taken together, our concept offers a novel platform for discovery of anti-metastasis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Nakayama
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer CenterTsuruokaJapan
- Shonai Regional Industry Promotion CenterTsuruokaJapan
| | - Lora Tan
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Institute of Bioengineering and NanotechnologySingaporeSingapore
| | - Hideki Makinoshima
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer CenterTsuruokaJapan
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer CenterKashiwaJapan
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
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8
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Vaziri N, Shariati L, Javanmard SH. Leukemia inhibitory factor: A main controller of breast cancer. J Biosci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-00115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Peeney D, Jensen SM, Castro NP, Kumar S, Noonan S, Handler C, Kuznetsov A, Shih J, Tran AD, Salomon DS, Stetler-Stevenson WG. TIMP-2 suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in murine model of triple-negative breast cancer. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:313-325. [PMID: 31621840 PMCID: PMC7221506 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of treatment failures and mortality in most cancers. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is refractory to treatment and rapidly progresses to disseminated disease. We utilized an orthotopic mouse model that molecularly and phenotypically resembles human TNBC to study the effects of exogenous, daily tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) treatment on tumor growth and metastasis. Our results demonstrated that TIMP-2 treatment maximally suppressed primary tumor growth by ~36-50% and pulmonary metastasis by >92%. Immunostaining assays confirmed disruption of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promotion of vascular integrity in primary tumor tissues. Immunostaining and RNA sequencing analysis of lung tissue lysates from tumor-bearing mice identified significant changes associated with metastatic colony formation. Specifically, TIMP-2 treatment disrupts periostin localization and critical cell-signaling pathways, including canonical Wnt signaling involved in EMT, as well as PI3K signaling, which modulates proliferative and metastatic behavior through p27 phosphorylation/localization. In conclusion, our study provides evidence in support of a role for TIMP-2 in suppression of triple-negative breast cancer growth and metastasis through modulation of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition, vascular normalization, and signaling pathways associated with metastatic outgrowth. Our findings suggest that TIMP-2, a constituent of the extracellular matrix in normal tissues, may have both direct and systemic antitumor and metastasis suppressor effects, suggesting potential utility in the clinical management of breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Peeney
- Extracellular Matrix Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sandra M Jensen
- Extracellular Matrix Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nadia P Castro
- Tumor Growth Factor Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Sarvesh Kumar
- Extracellular Matrix Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Silvia Noonan
- Extracellular Matrix Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chenchen Handler
- Extracellular Matrix Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alex Kuznetsov
- Extracellular Matrix Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joanna Shih
- Biostatistics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Andy D Tran
- Confocal Core Facility, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David S Salomon
- Tumor Growth Factor Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - William G Stetler-Stevenson
- Extracellular Matrix Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Razavipour SF, Harikumar KB, Slingerland JM. p27 as a Transcriptional Regulator: New Roles in Development and Cancer. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3451-3458. [PMID: 32341036 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
p27 binds and inhibits cyclin-CDK to arrest the cell cycle. p27 also regulates other processes including cell migration and development independent of its cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitory action. p27 is an atypical tumor suppressor-deletion or mutational inactivation of the gene encoding p27, CDKN1B, is rare in human cancers. p27 is rarely fully lost in cancers because it can play both tumor suppressive and oncogenic roles. Until recently, the paradigm was that oncogenic deregulation results from either loss of growth restraint due to excess p27 proteolysis or from an oncogenic gain of function through PI3K-mediated C-terminal p27 phosphorylation, which disrupts the cytoskeleton to increase cell motility and metastasis. In cancers, C-terminal phosphorylation alters p27 protein-protein interactions and shifts p27 from CDK inhibitor to oncogene. Recent data indicate p27 regulates transcription and acts as a transcriptional coregulator of cJun. C-terminal p27 phosphorylation increases p27-cJun recruitment to and action on target genes to drive oncogenic pathways and repress differentiation programs. This review focuses on noncanonical, CDK-independent functions of p27 in migration, invasion, development, and gene expression, with emphasis on how transcriptional regulation by p27 illuminates its actions in cancer. A better understanding of how p27-associated transcriptional complexes are regulated might identify new therapeutic targets at the interface between differentiation and growth control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Fatemeh Razavipour
- Breast Cancer Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington DC
| | - Kuzhuvelil B Harikumar
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Joyce M Slingerland
- Breast Cancer Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington DC.
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mTOR-Mediated Antioxidant Activation in Solid Tumor Radioresistance. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:5956867. [PMID: 31929797 PMCID: PMC6942807 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5956867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is widely used for the treatment of cancer patients, but tumor radioresistance presents serious therapy challenges. Tumor radioresistance is closely related to high levels of mTOR signaling in tumor tissues. Therefore, targeting the mTOR pathway might be a strategy to promote solid tumor sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Radioresistance is associated with enhanced antioxidant mechanisms in cancer cells. Therefore, examination of the relationship between mTOR signaling and antioxidant mechanism-linked radioresistance is required for effective radiotherapy. In particular, the effect of mTOR signaling on antioxidant glutathione induction by the Keap1-NRF2-xCT pathway is described in this review. This review is expected to assist in the identification of therapeutic adjuvants to increase the efficacy of radiotherapy.
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12
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Dou JW, Shang RG, Lei XQ, Li KL, Guo ZZ, Ye K, Yang XJ, Li YW, Zhou YY, Yao J, Huang Q. Total saponins of Bolbostemma paniculatum (maxim.) Franquet exert antitumor activity against MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells via inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:304. [PMID: 31703679 PMCID: PMC6842232 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2708-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of the Bolbostemma paniculatum (Maxim.) Franquet (BP) active compound, BP total saponins (BPTS), on MDA-MB-231 cells, and investigate the underlying mechanism regarding BPTS-mediated attenuation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. METHODS The effect of BPTS on cytotoxicity, induction of apoptosis and migration on MDA-MB-231 cells at three different concentrations was investigated. A CCK-8 assay, wound-healing assay and flow cytometry were used to demonstrate the effects of BPTS. Additionally, expression of the primary members of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was assessed using western blotting. To verify the underlying mechanisms, a PI3K inhibitor and an mTOR inhibitor were used. RESULTS BPTS inhibited proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells with an IC50 value of 10 μg/mL at 48 h. BPTS inhibited migration of MDA-MB-231 cells, and the western blot results demonstrated that BPTS reduced p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR protein expression levels in MDA-MB-231 cells. Additionally, the results were confirmed using a PI3K inhibitor and an mTOR inhibitor. BPTS decreased proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells possibly through inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight the therapeutic potential of BPTS for treating patients with triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wei Dou
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of "Qiyao" Resources And Anti-tumor Activities, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Guo Shang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of "Qiyao" Resources And Anti-tumor Activities, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qin Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Guangren Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang-Le Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of "Qiyao" Resources And Anti-tumor Activities, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan-Zi Guo
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Ye
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Juan Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Wei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Guangren Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Yun Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Guangren Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Yao
- Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Huang
- Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Patidar K, Panwar U, Vuree S, Sweta J, Sandhu MK, Nayarisseri A, Singh SK. An In silico Approach to Identify High Affinity Small Molecule
Targeting m-TOR Inhibitors for the Clinical Treatment of
Breast Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:1229-1241. [PMID: 31030499 PMCID: PMC6948900 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.4.1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy among women. It is a heterogeneous disease with different subtypes defined by its hormone receptor. A hormone receptor is mainly concerned with the progression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway which is often dysregulated in breast cancer. This is a major signaling pathway that controls the activities such as cell growth, cell division, and cell proliferation. The present study aims to suppress mTOR protein by its various inhibitors and to select one with the highest binding affinity to the receptor protein. Out of 40 inhibitors of mTOR against breast cancer, SF1126 was identified to have the best docking score of -8.705, using Schrodinger Suite which was further subjected for high throughput screening to obtain best similar compound using Lipinski’s filters. The compound obtained after virtual screening, ID: ZINC85569445 is seen to have the highest affinity with the target protein mTOR. The same result based on the binding free energy analysis using MM-GBSA showed that the compound ZINC85569445 to have the the highest binding free energy. The next study of interaction between the ligand and receptor protein with the pharmacophore mapping showed the best conjugates, and the ZINC85569445 can be further studied for future benefits of treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Patidar
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. ,
| | - Umesh Panwar
- Computer Aided Drug Designing and Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi,Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sugunakar Vuree
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Jajoriya Sweta
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. ,
| | - Manpreet Kaur Sandhu
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. ,
| | - Anuraj Nayarisseri
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. , ,Computer Aided Drug Designing and Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi,Tamil Nadu, India.,Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, LeGene Biosciences Pvt Ltd., Indore, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Singh
- Computer Aided Drug Designing and Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi,Tamil Nadu, India
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14
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Abstract
PI3K is activated in over 60% of human cancers, mediating C-terminal p27 phosphorylation. This work reveals cooperation between PI3K and cJun pathways: p27 phosphorylation by PI3K-activated kinases stimulates p27/cJun corecruitment to chromatin and activation of transcription programs of cell adhesion, motility, TGFB2, and epithelial–mesenchymal transformation to drive tumor progression. Prior analysis showed that high p27pT157 strongly associates with activated AKTpS273 and p90RSKpT359 in human breast cancers. These cancers also differentially express p27/cJun target genes and identify a poor prognostic group. In cancers, the cell cycle-restraining effects of p27 are lost through increased proteolysis and decreased translation. We reveal a previously unknown oncogenic action of p27, in which p27 acts as a cJun coactivator to drive oncogenic gene expression programs. p27 shifts from CDK inhibitor to oncogene when phosphorylated by PI3K effector kinases. Here, we show that p27 is a cJun coregulator, whose assembly and chromatin association is governed by p27 phosphorylation. In breast and bladder cancer cells with high p27pT157pT198 or expressing a CDK-binding defective p27pT157pT198 phosphomimetic (p27CK−DD), cJun is activated and interacts with p27, and p27/cJun complexes localize to the nucleus. p27/cJun up-regulates TGFB2 to drive metastasis in vivo. Global analysis of p27 and cJun chromatin binding and gene expression shows that cJun recruitment to many target genes is p27 dependent, increased by p27 phosphorylation, and activates programs of epithelial–mesenchymal transformation and metastasis. Finally, human breast cancers with high p27pT157 differentially express p27/cJun-regulated genes of prognostic relevance, supporting the biological significance of the work.
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15
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Xu M, Almasi S, Yang Y, Yan C, Sterea AM, Rizvi Syeda AK, Shen B, Richard Derek C, Huang P, Gujar S, Wang J, Zong WX, Trebak M, El Hiani Y, Dong XP. The lysosomal TRPML1 channel regulates triple negative breast cancer development by promoting mTORC1 and purinergic signaling pathways. Cell Calcium 2019; 79:80-88. [PMID: 30889511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) that comprises approximately 10%-20% of breast cancers is an aggressive subtype lacking effective therapeutics. Among various signaling pathways, mTORC1 and purinergic signals have emerged as potentially fruitful targets for clinical therapy of TNBC. Unfortunately, drugs targeting these signaling pathways do not successfully inhibit the progression of TNBC, partially due to the fact that these signaling pathways are essential for the function of all types of cells. In this study, we report that TRPML1 is specifically upregulated in TNBCs and that its genetic downregulation and pharmacological inhibition suppress the growth of TNBC. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that TRPML1 regulates TNBC development, at least partially, through controlling mTORC1 activity and the release of lysosomal ATP. Because TRPML1 is specifically activated by cellular stresses found in tumor microenvironments, antagonists of TRPML1 could represent anticancer drugs with enhanced specificity and potency. Our findings are expected to have a major impact on drug targeting of TNBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengnan Xu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, B3H 4R2, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Shekoufeh Almasi
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, B3H 4R2, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Yiming Yang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, B3H 4R2, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Chi Yan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, B3H 4R2, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Andra Mihaela Sterea
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, B3H 4R2, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Alia Kazim Rizvi Syeda
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, B3H 4R2, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Bing Shen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Clements Richard Derek
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, B3H 4R2, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Peng Huang
- College of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shashi Gujar
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, B3H 4R2, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, B3H 4R2, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Wei-Xing Zong
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway NJ08854, USA
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey PA 17033, USA
| | - Yassine El Hiani
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, B3H 4R2, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Xian-Ping Dong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, B3H 4R2, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
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16
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Li M, Qian X, Zhu M, Li A, Fang M, Zhu Y, Zhang J. miR‑1273g‑3p promotes proliferation, migration and invasion of LoVo cells via cannabinoid receptor 1 through activation of ERBB4/PIK3R3/mTOR/S6K2 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:4619-4626. [PMID: 29328379 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miR) are important in various crucial cell processes including proliferation, migration and invasion. Dysregulation of miRNAs have been increasingly reported to contribute to colorectal cancer. However, the detailed biological function and potential mechanisms of miR‑1273g‑3p in colorectal cancer remain poorly understood. The expression levels of miR‑1273g‑3p in human colorectal cancer LoVo cell lines were detected via reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR). The target genes of miR‑1273g‑3p were predicted by bioinformatics and verified by a luciferase reporter assay, RT‑qPCR and western blotting. The MTT, wound‑healing and Transwell assays were used to examine the biological functions of miR‑1273g‑3p in LoVo cells. The potential molecular mechanisms of miR‑1273g‑3p on LoVo cell proliferation, migration and invasion was detected by western blotting. The results of the present study demonstrated that miR‑1273g‑3p expression was extensively upregulated in LoVo cells compared with the normal colon epithelial NCM460 cell line. Further studies indicated that miR‑1273g‑3p inhibitor significantly suppressed LoVo cell proliferation, migration and invasion compared with inhibitor control. Following this, the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) was identified as a direct target gene of miR‑1273g‑3p. Knockdown of CNR1 restored the phenotypes of LoVo cells transfected with miR‑1273g‑3p inhibitor. Furthermore, the potential molecular mechanism of miR‑1273g‑3p on LoVo cell proliferation, migration and invasion may be mediated by activating the Erb‑B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (ERBB4)/phosphoinositide‑3‑kinase regulatory subunit 3 (PIK3R3)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)/S6 kinase 2 (S6K2) signaling pathway. These observations indicated that miR‑1273g‑3p promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of LoVo cells via CNR1, and this may have occurred through activation of the ERBB4/PIK3R3/mTOR/S6K2 signaling pathway, suggesting that miR‑1273g‑3p may serve as a novel therapeutic target for the effective treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Qian
- Department of The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhen Zhu
- The Department of Tumor‑Chemotherapy, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222023, P.R. China
| | - Aiyi Li
- The Department of Tumor‑Chemotherapy, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222023, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhi Fang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhu
- National Medical Centre of Colorectal Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- The Department of Tumor‑Chemotherapy, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222023, P.R. China
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17
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May CD, Landers SM, Bolshakov S, Ma X, Ingram DR, Kivlin CM, Watson KL, Sannaa GAA, Bhalla AD, Wang WL, Lazar AJ, Torres KE. Co-targeting PI3K, mTOR, and IGF1R with small molecule inhibitors for treating undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. Cancer Biol Ther 2017; 18:816-826. [PMID: 29099264 PMCID: PMC5678691 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2017.1373230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (UPSs) are aggressive mesenchymal malignancies with no definitive cell of origin or specific recurrent genetic hallmarks. These tumors are largely chemoresistant; thus, identification of potential therapeutic targets is necessary to improve patient outcome. Previous studies demonstrated that high expression of activated protein kinase B (AKT) in patients with UPS corresponds to poor disease-specific survival. Here, we demonstrate that inhibiting phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/mTOR) signaling using a small molecule inhibitor reduced UPS cell proliferation and motility and xenograft growth; however, increased phosphorylation of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) indicated the potential for adaptive resistance following treatment through compensatory receptor activation. Co-treatment with a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor and an anti-IGF1R kinase inhibitor reduced in vivo tumor growth rates despite a lack of antiproliferative effects in vitro. Moreover, this combination treatment significantly decreased UPS cell migration and invasion, which is linked to changes in p27 subcellular localization. Our results demonstrate that targeted inhibition of multiple components of the IGF1R/PI3K/mTOR pathway was more efficacious than single-agent therapy and suggest that co-targeting this pathway could be a beneficial therapeutic strategy for patients with UPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin D May
- a Department of Surgical Oncology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA.,b The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Sharon M Landers
- a Department of Surgical Oncology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Svetlana Bolshakov
- a Department of Surgical Oncology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - XiaoYan Ma
- a Department of Surgical Oncology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Davis R Ingram
- c Department of Pathology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Christine M Kivlin
- a Department of Surgical Oncology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA.,b The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Kelsey L Watson
- a Department of Surgical Oncology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Ghadah A Al Sannaa
- c Department of Pathology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Angela D Bhalla
- a Department of Surgical Oncology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Wei-Lien Wang
- c Department of Pathology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- b The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Houston , TX , USA.,c Department of Pathology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Keila E Torres
- a Department of Surgical Oncology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA.,b The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Houston , TX , USA
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18
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Vantaku V, Donepudi SR, Ambati CR, Jin F, Putluri V, Nguyen K, Rajapakshe K, Coarfa C, Battula VL, Lotan Y, Putluri N. Expression of ganglioside GD2, reprogram the lipid metabolism and EMT phenotype in bladder cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:95620-95631. [PMID: 29221154 PMCID: PMC5707048 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade Bladder Cancer (BLCA) represents the most aggressive and treatment-resistant cancer that renders the patients with poor survival. However, only a few biomarkers have been identified for the detection and treatment of BLCA. Recent studies show that ganglioside GD2 can be used as cancer biomarker and/or therapeutic target for various cancers. Despite its potential relevance in cancer diagnosis and therapeutics, the role of GD2 is unknown in BLCA. Here, we report for the first time that high-grade BLCA tissues and cell lines have higher expression of GD2 compared to low-grade by high-resolution Mass Spectrometry. The muscle invasive UMUC3 cell line showed high GD2, mesenchymal phenotype, and cell proliferation. Besides, we have shown the cancer stem cells (CSC) property (CD44hiCD24lo) of GD2+ UMUC3 and J82 cells. Also, the evaluation of lipid metabolism in GD2+ BLCA cell lines revealed higher levels of Phosphatidylinositol (PI), Phosphatidic acid (PA), Cardiolipin (CL) and lower levels of Phosphatidylserine (PS), plasmenyl-phosphatidylethanolamines (pPE), plasmenyl-phosphocholines (pPC), sphingomyelins (SM), triglycerides (TGs) and N-Acetylneuraminic acid. These findings are significantly correlated with the tissues of BLCA patients. Based on this evidence, we propose that GD2 may be used as an effective diagnostic and therapeutic target for aggressive BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatrao Vantaku
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sri Ramya Donepudi
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Advanced Technology Core, Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chandrashekar R Ambati
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Advanced Technology Core, Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Feng Jin
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Advanced Technology Core, Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vasanta Putluri
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Advanced Technology Core, Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Khoa Nguyen
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, and Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Advanced Technology Core, Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Venkata Lokesh Battula
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, and Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yair Lotan
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Advanced Technology Core, Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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19
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Ye J, Huang J, Xu J, Huang Q, Wang J, Zhong W, Lin X, Li Y, Lin X. ERp29 controls invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma by inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition via PI3K/Aktsignaling pathway. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:626. [PMID: 28874138 PMCID: PMC5585903 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3613-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) accounts for the fourth most occurring malignancy and the third major cause of cancer death. Identifying novel molecular signaling pathways participating in gastric tumorigenesis and progression is pivotal for rational design of targeted therapies to improve advanced GC outcome. Recently, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein 29 (ERp29) has been shown to inversely associate with primary tumor development and function as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. However, the role of ERp29 in GC patients’ prognosis and its function in GC progression is unknown. Methods Clinical importance of ERp29 in the prognosis of GC patients was assessed by examining its expression in 148 GC tumor samples and correlation with clinicopathological characteristics and survival of the patients. The function and underlying mechanisms of ERp29 in GC growth, invasion and metastasis were explored both in vitro and in vivo. Results Downregulation of ERp29 was commonly found in GC tissues and highly correlated with more aggressive phenotypes and poorer prognosis. Functional assays demonstrated that knockdown of ERp29 increased GC cell migration and invasion and promoted metastasis. Conversely, ectopic overexpression of ERp29 produced opposite effects. Mechanistic studies revealed that loss of ERp29 induced an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the GC cells through activation of PI3K/Akt pathway signaling. Conclusion These findings suggest that downregulation of ERp29 is probably one of the key molecular mechanisms responsible for the development and progression of GC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3613-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xueyuan Road, Minhou, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinsheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xueyuan Road, Minhou, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xueyuan Road, Minhou, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xueyuan Road, Minhou, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Jinzhou Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Zhong
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinjian Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xueyuan Road, Minhou, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xueyuan Road, Minhou, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China.
| | - Xu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xueyuan Road, Minhou, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China. .,Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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20
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Yuan R, Li S, Geng H, Wang X, Guan Q, Li X, Ren C, Yuan X. Reversing the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages inhibits tumor metastasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 49:30-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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21
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VEGFA links self-renewal and metastasis by inducing Sox2 to repress miR-452, driving Slug. Oncogene 2017; 36:5199-5211. [PMID: 28504716 PMCID: PMC5596211 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) appear to have increased metastatic potential, but mechanisms underlying this are poorly defined. Here we show that VEGFA induction of Sox2 promotes EMT and tumor metastasis. In breast lines and primary cancer culture, VEGFA rapidly upregulates SOX2 expression, leading to SNAI2 induction, EMT, increased invasion and metastasis. We show Sox2 downregulates miR-452, which acts as a novel metastasis suppressor to directly target the SNAI2 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR). VEGFA stimulates Sox2- and Slug-dependent cell invasion. VEGFA increases lung metastasis in vivo, and this is abrogated by miR-452 overexpression. Furthermore, SNAI2 transduction rescues metastasis suppression by miR-452. Thus, in addition to its angiogenic action, VEGFA upregulates Sox2 to drive stem cell expansion, together with miR-452 loss and Slug upregulation, providing a novel mechanism whereby cancer stem cells acquire metastatic potential. Prior work showed EMT transcription factor overexpression upregulates CSC. Present work indicates that stemness and metastasis are a two-way street: Sox2, a major mediator of CSC self-renewal, also governs the metastatic process.
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22
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Pio GM, Xia Y, Piaseczny MM, Chu JE, Allan AL. Soluble bone-derived osteopontin promotes migration and stem-like behavior of breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177640. [PMID: 28498874 PMCID: PMC5428978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in women, with the majority of these deaths caused by metastasis to distant organs. The most common site of breast cancer metastasis is the bone, which has been shown to provide a rich microenvironment that supports the migration and growth of breast cancer cells. Additionally, growing evidence suggests that breast cancer cells that do successfully metastasize have a stem-like phenotype including high activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and/or a CD44+CD24- phenotype. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that these ALDHhiCD44+CD24- breast cancer cells interact with factors in the bone secondary organ microenvironment to facilitate metastasis. Specifically, we focused on bone-derived osteopontin and its ability to promote the migration and stem-like phenotype of breast cancer cells. Our results indicate that bone-derived osteopontin promotes the migration, tumorsphere-forming ability and colony-forming ability of whole population and ALDHhiCD44+CD24- breast cancer cells in bone marrow-conditioned media (an ex vivo representation of the bone microenvironment) (p≤0.05). We also demonstrate that CD44 and RGD-dependent cell surface integrins facilitate this functional response to bone-derived osteopontin (p≤0.05), potentially through activation of WNK-1 and PRAS40-related pathways. Our findings suggest that soluble bone-derived osteopontin enhances the ability of breast cancer cells to migrate to the bone and maintain a stem-like phenotype within the bone microenvironment, and this may contribute to the establishment and growth of bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciella M. Pio
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ying Xia
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew M. Piaseczny
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jenny E. Chu
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Alison L. Allan
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western University, London, ON, Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Cancer Research Laboratories, Lawson Health Research Institute; London, ON, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Enhanced Anticancer Activity of PF-04691502, a Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor, in Combination With VEGF siRNA Against Non-small-cell Lung Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 5:e384. [PMID: 27845769 PMCID: PMC5155322 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2016.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in both men and women in the United States accounting for about 27% of all cancer deceases. In our effort to develop newer therapy for lung cancer, we evaluated the combinatory antitumor effect of siRNA targeting VEGF and the PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor PF-04691502. We analyzed the anticancer effect of siRNA VEGF and PF-04691502 combination on proliferation, colony formation and migration of A549 and H460 lung cancer cells. Additionally, we assessed the combination treatment antiangiogenic effect on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Here, we show for the first time that the antiangiogenic siRNA VEGF potentiates the PF-04691502 anticancer activity against non–small-cell lung cancer. We observed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in cell viability, colony formation, and migration for the combination comparing with the single drug treatment. We also showed a significant (P < 0.05) enhanced effect of the combination treatment inhibiting angiogenesis progression and tube formation organization compared to the single drug treatment groups. Our findings demonstrated an enhanced synergistic anticancer effect of siRNA VEGF and PF-04691502 combination therapy by targeting two main pathways involved in lung cancer cell survival and angiogenesis which will be useful for future preclinical studies and potentially for lung cancer patient management.
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Bekki H, Kohashi K, Maekawa A, Yamada Y, Yamamoto H, Harimaya K, Hakozaki M, Nabeshima K, Iwamoto Y, Oda Y. Elevated expression of HSP90 and the antitumor effect of an HSP90 inhibitor via inactivation of the Akt/mTOR pathway in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:804. [PMID: 26502919 PMCID: PMC4623920 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1830-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is a heterogeneous tumor group, and little is known about molecular target therapy for UPS. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is an expressed chaperone that refolds certain denatured proteins under stress conditions. One of these proteins is Akt. The disruption of Akt signaling plays an important role in tumor progression. The present study's purpose was to analyze the HSP90 expression, Akt/mTOR pathway activation and the correlation between HSP90 expression and its pathway activation in UPS. METHODS The status of HSP90 and the profiles of the Akt/ mTOR pathway were assessed by immunohistochemistry in 79 samples of UPS, and these data were compared with clinicopathological and histopathological findings. The expressions of indicated proteins were assessed by Western blotting in five frozen samples. After treating UPS cells with the HSP90 inhibitor, we assessed the antitumor effect of the inhibitor. RESULTS Immunohistochemically, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), p-mTOR, p-S6RP and p-4EBP were positive in 57.3, 51.9, 54.5 and 57.1% of the UPS samples, respectively. The expressions of those phosphorylated proteins were correlated with each other. HSP90 expression was elevated in 56.4% of the samples and was correlated with p-Akt, p-mTOR and p-S6RP. The immunohistochemical results were confirmed by Western blotting. The HSP90 inhibitor led to decreased viability and invasiveness of the cells and inactivated the AKT/mTOR pathway in vitro. CONCLUSION Elevated expression of HSP90 is a poor-prognosis factor and is involved in the activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway in UPS. HSP90 inhibition is a potential treatment option for UPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Bekki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Kohashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Akira Maekawa
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Yamada
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Hidetaka Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Katsumi Harimaya
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Michiyuki Hakozaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surger, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Nabeshima
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Yukihide Iwamoto
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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25
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Xi Y, Chen Y. Oncogenic and Therapeutic Targeting of PTEN Loss in Bone Malignancies. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:1837-47. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Xi
- Department of Orthopaedics; Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University; China
| | - Yan Chen
- Division in Signaling Biology; Princess Margaret Cancer Center; University Health Network; Toronto Canada
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26
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Niu PG, Zhang YX, Shi DH, Liu Y, Chen YY, Deng J. Cardamonin Inhibits Metastasis of Lewis Lung Carcinoma Cells by Decreasing mTOR Activity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127778. [PMID: 25996501 PMCID: PMC4440626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates the motility and invasion of cancer cells. Cardamonin is a chalcone that exhibits anti-tumor activity. The previous study had proved that the anti-tumor effect of cardamonin was associated with mTOR inhibition. In the present study, the anti-metastatic effect of cardamonin and its underlying molecule mechanisms were investigated on the highly metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. The proliferation, invasion and migration of LLC cells were measured by MTT, transwell and wound healing assays, respectively. The expression and activation of mTOR- and adhesion-related proteins were assessed by Western blotting. The in vivo effect of cardamonin on the metastasis of the LLC cells was investigated by a mouse model. Treated with cardamonin, the proliferation, invasion and migration of LLC cells were significantly inhibited. The expression of Snail was decreased by cardamonin, while that of E-cadherin was increased. In addition, cardamonin inhibited the activation of mTOR and its downstream target ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1). Furthermore, the tumor growth and its lung metastasis were inhibited by cardamonin in C57BL/6 mice. It indicated that cardamonin inhibited the invasion and metastasis of LLC cells through inhibiting mTOR. The metastasis inhibitory effect of cardamonin was correlated with down-regulation of Snail and up-regulation of E-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Guang Niu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dao-Hua Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yao-Yao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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27
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Zhao D, Besser AH, Wander SA, Sun J, Zhou W, Wang B, Ince T, Durante MA, Guo W, Mills G, Theodorescu D, Slingerland J. Cytoplasmic p27 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor metastasis via STAT3-mediated Twist1 upregulation. Oncogene 2015; 34:5447-59. [PMID: 25684140 PMCID: PMC4537852 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
p27 restrains normal cell growth, but PI3K-dependent C-terminal phosphorylation of p27 at threonine 157 (T157) and T198 promotes cancer cell invasion. Here, we describe an oncogenic feedforward loop in which p27pT157pT198 binds Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) promoting STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) recruitment and activation. STAT3 induces TWIST1 to drive a p27-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and further activates AKT contributing to acquisition and maintenance of metastatic potential. p27 knockdown in highly metastatic PI3K-activated cells reduces STAT3 binding to the TWIST1 promoter, TWIST1 promoter activity and TWIST1 expression, reverts EMT and impairs metastasis, whereas activated STAT3 rescues p27 knockdown. Cell cycle-defective phosphomimetic p27T157DT198D (p27CK-DD) activates STAT3 to induce a TWIST1-dependent EMT in human mammary epithelial cells and increases breast and bladder cancer invasion and metastasis. Data support a mechanism in which PI3K-deregulated p27 binds JAK2, to drive STAT3 activation and EMT through STAT3-mediated TWIST1 induction. Furthermore, STAT3, once activated, feeds forward to further activate AKT.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zhao
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute at Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - A H Besser
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute at Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - S A Wander
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute at Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - J Sun
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute at Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - W Zhou
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute at Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - B Wang
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute at Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - T Ince
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute at Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Pathology, Stem Cell Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - M A Durante
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute at Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - W Guo
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and Department of Systems Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - G Mills
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and Department of Systems Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - D Theodorescu
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - J Slingerland
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute at Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Suppression of hepatocellular carcinoma by baculovirus-mediated expression of long non-coding RNA PTENP1 and MicroRNA regulation. Biomaterials 2015; 44:71-81. [PMID: 25617127 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play regulatory roles in cancers. LncRNA PTENP1 is a pseudogene of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN but its roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have yet to be explored. Here we confirmed that PTENP1 and PTEN were downregulated in several HCC cells, thus we constructed Sleeping Beauty (SB)-based hybrid baculovirus (BV) vectors for sustained PTENP1 lncRNA expression. Co-transduction of HCC cells with the SB-BV vector expressing PTENP1 elevated the levels of PTENP1 and PTEN, which suppressed the oncogenic PI3K/AKT pathway, inhibited cell proliferation, migration/invasion as well as induced autophagy and apoptosis. The overexpressed PTENP1 decoyed oncomirs miR-17, miR-19b and miR-20a, which would otherwise target PTEN, PHLPP (a negative AKT regulator) and such autophagy genes as ULK1, ATG7 and p62, indicating that PTENP1 modulated the HCC cell behavior and gene networks by miRNA regulation. Injection of the PTENP1-expressing SB-BV vector into mice bearing HCC tumors effectively mitigated the tumor growth, suppressed intratumoral cell proliferation, elicited apoptosis, autophagy and inhibited angiogenesis. These data collectively unveiled the molecular mechanisms of how PTENP1 repressed the tumorigenic properties of HCC cells and demonstrated the potential of the SB-BV hybrid vector for PTENP1 lncRNA modulation and HCC therapy.
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29
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Li X, Yang Q, Yu H, Wu L, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Yue X, Liu Z, Wu H, Haffty BG, Feng Z, Hu W. LIF promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis of breast cancer through the AKT-mTOR pathway. Oncotarget 2015; 5:788-801. [PMID: 24553191 PMCID: PMC3996668 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a multi-functional cytokine protein. The role of LIF in tumorigenesis is not well-understood. Here, we found that LIF promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis of breast cancer. LIF promotes cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of breast cancer cells in vitro, and the growth of xenograft breast tumors in vivo. LIF also promotes invasion and migration of breast cancer cells in vitro and metastasis of breast cancer in vivo. We found that LIF activates the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway to promote tumorigenesis and metastasis of breast cancer. Inhibiting the AKT activity can largely block the activation of the mTOR pathway by LIF, suggesting that LIF activates the mTOR pathway through AKT. Inhibiting the AKT activity as well as inhibiting the mTOR activity largely block the promoting effect of LIF on tumorigenesis and metastasis. Furthermore, overexpression of LIF is significantly associated with a poorer relapse free survival in breast cancer patients. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that LIF plays an important role in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of breast cancer, and could be an important prognostic marker for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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30
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Fucoxanthin induces apoptosis in human cervical cancer cell line HeLa via PI3K/Akt pathway. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:11261-7. [PMID: 25113250 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2337-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is a malignant neoplasm arising from cells originating in the cervix uteri, among the top causes of death from cancer in women. In a gene expression profiling study of metabolic response to treatment, PI3K/Akt signaling pathway are associated with the development of CC. A common mechanism of Akt activation seen in cancer types is alterations in the upstream regulators of Akt such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), which is overexpressed in cervical cancer tissues, and leads to phosphorylation of Akt. Both PI3K and Akt inhibitors exist and may be therapeutically valuable. In the present study, we use MTT assay and western blot for the high-throughput screening to select specific inhibitors of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and then obtain fucoxanthin. Fucoxanthin is a water-soluble dietary fiber, taken from the unique slimy component of alginic cells. Various studies have pointed out that fucoxanthin is very effective for the treatment of cancer. Our results have shown that fucoxanthin induced a significant apoptosis of HeLa cells, compared with other candidates. After treatment with fucoxanthin for 24 h, the level of phosphorylation was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, and the proteins of apoptotic markers were changed in HeLa cells. And fucoxanthin could suppress tumor growth in vivo. In addition, the mitochondrial signal transduction pathway maybe was involved in its mechanism and NF-κB activation was decreased after treatment with fucoxanthin. Therefore, fucoxanthin may be used as anti-cervical cancer drugs in the future.
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31
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Khotskaya YB, Goverdhan A, Shen J, Ponz-Sarvise M, Chang SS, Hsu MC, Wei Y, Xia W, Yu D, Hung MC. S6K1 promotes invasiveness of breast cancer cells in a model of metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer. Am J Transl Res 2014; 6:361-376. [PMID: 25075253 PMCID: PMC4113498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second-leading cause of oncology-related death in US women. Of all invasive breast cancers, patients with tumors lacking expression of the estrogen and progesterone hormone receptors and overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 have the poorest clinical prognosis. These referred to as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represent an aggressive form of disease that is marked by early-onset metastasis, high tumor recurrence rate, and low overall survival during the first three years post-diagnosis. In this report, we discuss a novel model of early-onset TNBC metastasis to bone and lungs, derived from MDA-MB-231 cells. Breast cancer cells injected intravenously produced rapid, osteolytic metastases in long bones and spines of athymic nude mice, with concurrent metastasis to lungs, liver, and soft tissues. From the bone metastases, we developed a highly metastatic luciferase-tagged cell line variant named MDA-231-LUC Met. In this report, we demonstrate that the Akt/mTOR/S6K1 axis is hyperactivated in these cells, leading to a dramatic increase in phosphorylation of S6 ribosomal protein at Ser235/236. Lastly, we provide evidence that inhibition of the furthest downstream kinase in the mTOR pathway, S6K1, with a highly specific inhibitor PF-4708671 inhibits cell migration, and thus may provide a potent anti-metastatic adjuvant therapy approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekaterina B Khotskaya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas
| | - Aarthi Goverdhan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at HoustonHouston, Texas
| | - Jia Shen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at HoustonHouston, Texas
| | - Mariano Ponz-Sarvise
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas
| | - Shih-Shin Chang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at HoustonHouston, Texas
| | - Ming-Chuan Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas
| | - Yongkun Wei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas
| | - Weiya Xia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas
| | - Dihua Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at HoustonHouston, Texas
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at HoustonHouston, Texas
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
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32
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Kim JS, Kang CG, Kim SH, Lee EO. Rhapontigenin suppresses cell migration and invasion by inhibiting the PI3K-dependent Rac1 signaling pathway in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:1135-1139. [PMID: 24828286 DOI: 10.1021/np401078g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The invasive behavior of cancer cells resulting in metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related deaths. Rhapontigenin (1) has various biological activities including anticancer activities. However, whether and how 1 affects cancer invasion has never been explored. Here, we examined the anti-invasive effects of 1 and its underlying molecular mechanisms in the highly invasive human breast cancer cell line designated MDA-MB-231. At noncytotoxic concentrations, 1 strongly suppressed serum-induced cell migration and invasion as judged by Boyden chamber analysis and wound-healing assays, respectively. Compound 1 strikingly reduced Rac1 activity as judged by both absorbance-based and pull-down assays. In addition, its downstream effectors such as WASP-family verprolin homologous proteins 2 (WAVE-2) and p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) signaling cascades were attenuated after treatment with 1. Immunofluorescence staining showed that 1 diminished lamellipodia formation at the leading edge of cells. Finally, 1 decreased the phosphorylation of phosphoinisitide-3-kinase (PI3K) and AKT. Rac1 activity was inhibited by the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin. Taken together, these results suggest that 1 suppresses breast cancer cell migration and invasion, which is involved in inhibiting the PI3K-dependent Rac1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sung Kim
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
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33
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Yu T, Li J, Yan M, Liu L, Lin H, Zhao F, Sun L, Zhang Y, Cui Y, Zhang F, Li J, He X, Yao M. MicroRNA-193a-3p and -5p suppress the metastasis of human non-small-cell lung cancer by downregulating the ERBB4/PIK3R3/mTOR/S6K2 signaling pathway. Oncogene 2014; 34:413-23. [PMID: 24469061 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The metastatic cascade is a complex and multistep process with many potential barriers. Recent evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, by comparing the miRNA expression profiles of SPC-A-1sci (high metastatic) and SPC-A-1 (weakly metastatic) cells, we demonstrated that the downregulation and function of miR-193a-3p and miR-193a-5p in NSCLC metastasis and the expression of these miRNAs was suppressed in NSCLC compared with corresponding non-tumorous tissues. Decreased miR-193a-3p/5p expression was significantly associated with tumor node metastasis (TNM) and lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, functional assays showed that the overexpression of miR-193a-3p/5p inhibited NSCLC cell migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and lung metastasis formation in vivo. In addition, we discovered that ERBB4 and S6K2 were the direct targets of miR-193a-3p and that PIK3R3 and mTOR were the direct targets of miR-193a-5p in NSCLC. We also observed that miR-193a-3p/5p could inactivate the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Thus, miR-193a-3p/5p functions as a tumor suppressor and has an important role in NSCLC metastasis through ERBB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - J Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - M Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - L Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - H Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - F Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - L Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - F Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - J Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - X He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - M Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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34
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Kai L, Wang Z, Yao W, Dong K, Xiao X. Sirolimus, a promising treatment for refractory Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 140:471-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-013-1549-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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35
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Phase I study of PF-04691502, a small-molecule, oral, dual inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR, in patients with advanced cancer. Invest New Drugs 2014; 32:510-7. [PMID: 24395457 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-013-0062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and preliminary evidence of antitumor activity of the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor PF-04691502, administered orally once daily. METHODS Escalating doses of PF-04691502 were administered to 23 patients with advanced solid tumors in sequential cohorts across the following dose levels: 2 mg, 4 mg, 8 mg, and 11 mg. 14 additional patients were enrolled in an expansion cohort at the MTD to ensure at least five matched pre- and post-treatment biopsies for biomarkers of PI3K activity. RESULTS The MTD of PF-04691502 was 8 mg orally once daily. There were three dose-limiting toxicities: one grade 3 fatigue at 8 mg, one grade 3 rash at 11 mg, and one intolerable grade 2 fatigue at 11 mg. Among 37 patients enrolled, treatment-related adverse events included fatigue, decreased appetite, nausea, hyperglycemia, rash, and vomiting. Across all dose levels, average steady-state plasma PF-04691502 concentrations approximated or exceeded the target concentration of 16.2 ng/mL required for ≥75 % tumor growth inhibition in preclinical models. PF-04691502 resulted in increased mean fasting serum glucose, insulin, and c-peptide levels, and produced partial blockade of PI3K signalling in five paired tumor biopsies, as demonstrated by reductions in phosphorylated Akt, FKHR/FKHRL1, and STAT3. No objective anti-tumor responses were observed. CONCLUSIONS Daily oral administration of PF-04691502 was tolerable at 8 mg orally once daily, with a safety profile similar to other PI3K/mTOR inhibitors. PF-04691502 demonstrated PI3K pathway inhibition by changing glucose homeostasis, and by decreasing phosphorylation of downstream molecules in tumor tissue.
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Wazir U, Ahmed MH, Bridger JM, Harvey A, Jiang WG, Sharma AK, Mokbel K. The clinicopathological significance of lamin A/C, lamin B1 and lamin B receptor mRNA expression in human breast cancer. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2013; 18:595-611. [PMID: 24293108 PMCID: PMC6275779 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-013-0109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamin A/C (LMNA), lamin B1 (LMNB1) and lamin B receptor (LBR) have key roles in nuclear structural integrity and chromosomal stability. In this study, we have studied the relationships between the mRNA expressions of A-type lamins, LMNB1 and LBR and the clinicopathological parameters in human breast cancer. Samples of breast cancer tissues (n = 115) and associated non-cancerous tissue (ANCT; n = 30) were assessed using reverse transcription and quantitative PCR. Transcript levels were correlated with clinicopathological data. Higher levels of A-type lamins and LMNB1 mRNA expression were seen in ANCT. Higher lamin A/C expression was associated with the early clinical stage (TNM1 vs. TNM3 - 13 vs. 0.21; p = 0.0515), with better clinical outcomes (disease-free survival vs. mortality - 11 vs. 1; p = 0.0326), and with better overall (p = 0.004) and disease-free survival (p = 0.062). The expression of LMNB1 declined with worsening clinical outcome (disease-free vs. mortalities - 0.0011 vs. 0.000; p = 0.0177). LBR mRNA expression was directly associated with tumor grade (grade 1 vs. grade 3 - 0.00 vs. 0.00; p = 0.0479) and Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI1 vs. NPI3 - 0.00 vs. 0.00; p = 0.0551). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to suggest such a role for A-type lamins, lamin B1 and LBR in human breast cancer, identifying an important area for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Wazir
- The London Breast Institute, Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Breast Surgery, St. George’s Hospital and Medical School, University of London, London, UK
| | - Mai Hassan Ahmed
- Centre for Cell & Chromosome Biology, Uxbridge, London, UK
- Brunel Institute for Cancer Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, School of Health Sciences and Social Care, Brunel University, Uxbridge, London, UK
| | | | - Amanda Harvey
- Brunel Institute for Cancer Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, School of Health Sciences and Social Care, Brunel University, Uxbridge, London, UK
| | - Wen G. Jiang
- Metastasis and Angiogenesis Research Group, University Department of Surgery, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Anup K. Sharma
- The London Breast Institute, Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kefah Mokbel
- London Breast Institute, the Princess Grace Hospital, 45 Nottingham Place, London, W1U 5NY UK
- The London Breast Institute, Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Breast Surgery, St. George’s Hospital and Medical School, University of London, London, UK
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Xia Z, Gao T, Zong Y, Zhang X, Mao Y, Yuan B, Lu G. Evaluation of subchronic toxicity of GRD081, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, after 28-day repeated oral administration in Sprague-Dawley rats and beagle dogs. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:687-98. [PMID: 24140470 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
GRD081, a newly developed dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, is now being considered for evaluation in phase I clinical trial. In this work, the subchronic toxicity of GRD081 in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and beagle dogs has been characterized. Rats and dogs received GRD081 orally (2, 5, 10 and 1, 2, 4 mg/kg/day, respectively) on a consecutive daily dosing schedule for 28 days following a 14 days of recovery period. The treatment resulted in unscheduled mortality in rats receiving 5 mg/kg/day and 10 mg/kg/day. The adverse effects of GRD081 on rats and dogs mainly included myelosuppression, immunosuppression, hematological toxicity, and moderate liver, pancreas and kidney toxicity. These observations are consistent with pharmacologic perturbations of physiologic processes associated with the intended molecular targets for this class of PI3K/mTOR signaling inhibitors. Most of the treatment-induced effects were reversible upon discontinuation of treatment. The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of GRD081 was 1mg/kg/day for beagle dogs and less than 2 mg/kg/day for SD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenna Xia
- Center of Evaluation for Drug Safety, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Wong CH, Loong HH, Hui CWC, Lau CPY, Hui EP, Ma BBY, Chan ATC. Preclinical evaluation of the PI3K-mTOR dual inhibitor PF-04691502 as a novel therapeutic drug in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Invest New Drugs 2013; 31:1399-408. [PMID: 23975511 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-013-0007-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is common in Southeast Asia and over 40% of NPC tissues have PIK3CA amplification. This study characterized the preclinical activity of a novel potent dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, PF-04691502, in five NPC cell lines: CNE-1, HK1, CNE-2, HONE-1 and C666-1, in which all of the cell lines possessed basal and activated expression of Akt and p70S6K. Over 80% inhibition of cell growth in all of these cell lines were achieved after 72 h of PF-04691502 incubation and their IC50 were in hundred nanomolar range. CNE-2, HK1 and HONE-1 were selected to further evaluate the effect of PF-04691502 on cell cycle, apoptosis and Akt downstream signaling. PF-04691502 induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis at 24 h incubation and it significantly abrogated Akt and its downstream signaling by suppressing the expression of p-mTOR, p-p70S6K, p-Akt(S473, T308), p-S6 and p-4E-BP1, suggesting its effectiveness in inhibition of translation and protein synthesis. Anti-proliferation was also observed in 3D culture system and spheroids formation of NPC cell line HONE-1-EBV was strongly inhibited by PF-04691502. Antitumor activity was observed in CNE-2 xenograft in 2 weeks of 10 mg/kg PF-09641502 treatment to tumor bearing athymic nude mice. Both tumor volume and weight in treatment group were significantly lower than those in vehicle group while no obvious body weight decrease was found, suggesting this working dose was effective and well-tolerated. Additive effects were observed in combination of PF-09641502 with either cisplatin or paclitaxel. There were no synergistic effect observed in drug combination but PF-09641502 alone was effective in treating cisplatin resistant cell lines as compared to its parental control. The beneficial effects of PF-09641502 in both in vitro and in vivo studies for NPC warrant a further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Hang Wong
- State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Cancer Drug Testing Unit, Hong Kong Cancer Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong,
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Kawashima M, Iwamoto N, Kawaguchi-Sakita N, Sugimoto M, Ueno T, Mikami Y, Terasawa K, Sato TA, Tanaka K, Shimizu K, Toi M. High-resolution imaging mass spectrometry reveals detailed spatial distribution of phosphatidylinositols in human breast cancer. Cancer Sci 2013; 104:1372-9. [PMID: 23837649 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High-resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI IMS) is an emerging application for lipid research that provides a comprehensive and detailed spatial distribution of ionized molecules. Recent lipidomic approach has identified several phospholipids and phosphatidylinositols (PIs) are accumulated in breast cancer tissues and are therefore novel biomarker candidates. Because their distribution and significance remain unclear, we investigated the precise spatial distribution of PIs in human breast cancer tissues using high-resolution MALDI IMS. We evaluated tissues from nine human breast cancers and one normal mammary gland by negative ion MALDI IMS at a resolution of 10 μm. We detected 10 PIs with different fatty acid compositions, and their proportions were remarkably variable in the malignant epithelial regions. High-resolution imaging enabled us to discriminate cancer cell clusters from the adjacent stromal tissue within epithelial regions; moreover, this technique revealed that several PIs were specifically localized to cancer cell clusters. These PIs were heterogeneously distributed within cancer cell clusters, allowing us to identify two different populations of cancer cells that predominantly expressed either PI(18:0/18:1) or PI(18:0/20:3). Tracing the expression level of PIs during cancer cell progression suggested that the latter population is associated with the invasion. Our study documents a novel model for phospholipid analysis of breast cancer tissues by using high-resolution MALDI IMS and identifies candidate PIs that can describe a specific phenotype of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kawashima
- Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Jiao X, Zhao L, Ma M, Bai X, He M, Yan Y, Wang Y, Chen Q, Zhao X, Zhou M, Cui Z, Zheng Z, Wang E, Wei M. MiR-181a enhances drug sensitivity in mitoxantone-resistant breast cancer cells by targeting breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2). Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 139:717-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2607-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Ekshyyan O, Anandharaj A, Nathan CAO. Dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors: does p53 modulate response? Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:3719-21. [PMID: 23741068 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas have multiple genetic alterations that can influence clinical response to treatment. It is important to evaluate how distinct alterations affect response to targeted agents to identify a subset of patients who can benefit from therapy, improving survival and decreasing toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Ekshyyan
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery and Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130, USA
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