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Montenegro J, Dos Santos LS, de Souza RGG, Lima LGB, Mattos DS, Viana BPPB, da Fonseca Bastos ACS, Muzzi L, Conte-Júnior CA, Gimba ERP, Freitas-Silva O, Teodoro AJ. Bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and antiproliferative effects in prostate cancer cells of green and roasted coffee extracts obtained by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Food Res Int 2020; 140:110014. [PMID: 33648246 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.110014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Coffee consumption has been investigated as a protective factor against prostate cancer. Coffee may be related to prostate cancer risk reduction due to its phytochemical compounds, such as caffeine, chlorogenic acids, and trigonelline. The roasting process affects the content of the phytochemicals and undesired compounds can be formed. Microwave-assisted extraction is an alternative to conventional extraction techniques since it preserves more bioactive compounds. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition and the putative preventive effects in prostate cancer development of coffee beans submitted to four different coffee-roasting degrees extracted using microwave-assisted extraction. Coffea arabica green beans (1) were roasted into light (2), medium (3) and dark (4) and these four coffee samples were submitted to microwave-assisted extraction. The antioxidant capacity of these samples was evaluated by five different methods. Caffeine, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid were measured through HPLC. Samples were tested against PC-3 and DU-145 metastatic prostate cancer cell lines regarding their effects on cell viability, cell cycle progression and apoptotic cell death. We found that green and light roasted coffee extracts had the highest antioxidant activity. Caffeine content was not affected by roasting, chlorogenic acid was degraded due to the temperature, and caffeic acid increased in light roasted and decreased in medium and dark roasted. Green and light roasted coffee extracts promoted higher inhibition of cell viability, caused greater cell cycle arrest in S and G2/M and induced apoptosis more compared to medium and dark roasted coffee extracts and the control samples. Coffee extracts were more effective against DU-145 than in PC-3 cells. Our data provide initial evidence that among the four tested samples, the consumption of green and light coffee extracts contributes to inhibit prostate cancer tumor progression features, potentially preventing aspects related to advanced prostate cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Montenegro
- Laboratório de Alimentos Funcionais, Programa de Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lauriza Silva Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Alimentos Funcionais, Programa de Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Gonçalves Gusmão de Souza
- Laboratório de Alimentos Funcionais, Programa de Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Larissa Gabrielly Barbosa Lima
- Laboratório de Alimentos Funcionais, Programa de Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniella Santos Mattos
- Programa de Oncobiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Nacional do Câncer, INCa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leda Muzzi
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal Fluminense, UFF, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Júnior
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal Fluminense, UFF, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Etel Rodrigues Pereira Gimba
- Programa de Oncobiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Nacional do Câncer, INCa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Rio das Ostras, RJ, Brazil
| | - Otniel Freitas-Silva
- Laboratório de Alimentos Funcionais, Programa de Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anderson Junger Teodoro
- Laboratório de Alimentos Funcionais, Programa de Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Gregg JR, Lopez DS, Reichard C, Zheng J, Wu W, Ye Y, Chapin B, Kim J, Daniel CR, Davis J. Coffee, Caffeine Metabolism Genotype and Disease Progression in Patients with Localized Prostate Cancer Managed with Active Surveillance. J Urol 2019; 201:308-314. [PMID: 30179617 PMCID: PMC9798525 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2018.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Active surveillance is increasingly used as a management strategy for localized prostate cancer. Coffee intake has been associated with a lower prostate cancer incidence. We assessed whether coffee was associated with disease progression in men on active surveillance. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 411 patients with newly diagnosed Gleason score 6 or 7 prostate cancer were enrolled on a prospective active surveillance protocol for at least 6 months and completed a baseline dietary assessment. The active surveillance protocol included a biennial monitoring regimen with disease progression defined as an increase in the Gleason score. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate associations of coffee intake with progression-free survival. We also evaluated patient genotype in the caffeine metabolism related single nucleotide polymorphism rs762551. RESULTS Median followup was 36 months (range 6 to 126) and the Gleason score progressed in 76 of the 411 patients (18.5%). Compared to 0 cups per day, in the multivariable model adjusting for prostate specific antigen, patient age and tumor length, less than 1 cup (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.40-1.71), 1 to 1.9 cups (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.29-1.43), 2 to 3.9 cups (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.35-1.47) and 4 cups or more (HR 1.67, 95% CI 0.81-3.45) were not significantly associated with progression-free survival (p for nonlinearity = 0.01). Patients with low/moderate coffee intake and the AA fast caffeine metabolizer genotype were less likely to experience grade progression than nonconsumers (HR 0.36, 95% CI 0.15-0.88, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Low to moderate coffee intake appears safe in men on active surveillance of localized prostate cancer. Further work is needed to determine whether high consumption is associated with shorter progression-free survival in sensitive groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jiali Zheng
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Wenhui Wu
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Yuanqing Ye
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | | | - Jeri Kim
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | | | - John Davis
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
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3
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Boudewijns EA, Nieuwenhuis L, Geybels MS, van den Brandt PA. Total nut, tree nut, peanut, and peanut butter intake and the risk of prostate cancer in the Netherlands Cohort Study. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2019; 22:467-474. [PMID: 30692586 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-019-0131-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of nuts has been associated with a reduction of cancer risk, but only a few studies have examined the effects of nuts on prostate cancer risk. The current study prospectively investigated the association between the consumption of total nuts, tree nuts, peanuts, and peanut butter and the risk of total, advanced, and non-advanced prostate cancer. METHODS The association between nuts and prostate cancer was evaluated in the Netherlands Cohort Study, which was conducted among 58,279 men aged 55-69 year at baseline. A case-cohort approach was used for data processing and analyses. After 20.3 years of follow-up, 3868 incident prostate cancer cases and 1979 subcohort members were available for multivariable Cox regression analyses. RESULTS For total, advanced, and non-advanced prostate cancer, no significant associations were found for total nuts (total prostate cancer: hazard ratio (HR) (95%CI) for 10+ g/day vs. non-consumers = 1.09 (0.92-1.29), Ptrend = 0.409). No significant associations were observed for tree nuts and peanuts for total, advanced, and non-advanced prostate cancer risk. Peanut butter consumption was associated with a significantly increased risk of non-advanced prostate cancer (HR (95%CI) for 5+ g/day vs. non-consumers = 1.33 (1.08-1.63), Ptrend = 0.008), but not with total or advanced prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS No significant associations were found between total nut, tree nut, and peanut consumption and total, advanced, and non-advanced prostate cancer. Peanut butter might be associated with an increased non-advanced prostate cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther A Boudewijns
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Department of Family Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette Nieuwenhuis
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Milan S Geybels
- GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Piet A van den Brandt
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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4
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Ge M, Zhang L, Cao L, Xie C, Li X, Li Y, Meng Y, Chen Y, Wang X, Chen J, Zhang Q, Shao J, Zhong C. Sulforaphane inhibits gastric cancer stem cells via suppressing sonic hedgehog pathway. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 70:570-578. [PMID: 30624124 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2018.1545012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is the major component extracted from broccoli/broccoli sprouts. It has been shown to possess anti-cancer activity. Gastric cancer is common cancer worldwide. The objective of this work was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of SFN on gastric cancer by Sonic hedgehog (Hh) Pathway. The results found that tumorsphere formation and the expression levels of gastric cancer stem cells (CSCs) markers were significantly decreased after SFN treatment. SFN also exerted inhibitory effects by suppressing proliferation and inducing apoptosis in gastric CSCs. Intriguingly, SFN inhibited the activation of Sonic Hh, a key pathway in maintaining the stemness of gastric CSCs. Upregulation of Sonic Hh pathway diminished the inhibitory effects of SFN on gastric CSCs. Collectively, these data revealed that SFN could be a potent natural compound targeting gastric CSCs via suppression of Sonic Hh pathway, which might be an promising agent for gastric cancer intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Ge
- a School of Public Health , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , China
| | - Lu Zhang
- a School of Public Health , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , China
| | - Lina Cao
- a School of Public Health , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , China
| | - Chunfeng Xie
- b Department of Nutrition and Food Safety School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- b Department of Nutrition and Food Safety School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yuan Li
- b Department of Nutrition and Food Safety School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yu Meng
- b Department of Nutrition and Food Safety School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yue Chen
- b Department of Nutrition and Food Safety School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- b Department of Nutrition and Food Safety School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- b Department of Nutrition and Food Safety School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Qi Zhang
- b Department of Nutrition and Food Safety School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Jihong Shao
- a School of Public Health , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , China
| | - Caiyun Zhong
- b Department of Nutrition and Food Safety School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.,c Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
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5
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Lee PMY, Ng CF, Liu ZM, Ho WM, Lee MK, Wang F, Kan HD, He YH, Ng SSM, Wong SYS, Tse LA. Reduced prostate cancer risk with green tea and epigallocatechin 3-gallate intake among Hong Kong Chinese men. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2017; 20:318-322. [PMID: 28417981 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2017.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vitro and in vivo studies suggested that polyphenol epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) in tea may have anti-carcinogenic effect on prostate cells, but this protective effect has less been examined in epidemiology studies. We aimed to investigate the association between prostate cancer (PCA) risk and habitual green tea intake among Chinese men in Hong Kong; meanwhile, the relationship with EGCG was also explored. METHODS We consecutively recruited 404 PCA cases and 395 controls from the same hospital who had complete data on habitual tea consumption, including green, oolong, black and pu'er tea. We reconstructed the level of EGCG intake according to a standard questionnaire and the analytic values for EGCG extracted from the literature published by Lin et al. in 2003. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) for tea consumption and EGCG intake using unconditional multiple logistic regression, and examined their exposure--response relationships with PCA risk. RESULTS A total of 32 cases and 50 controls reported habitual green tea drinking, showing an adjusted OR of 0.60 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37, 0.98). A moderate excess risk was observed among the habitual pu'er tea drinkers (OR=1.44, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.91). A significantly lower intake of EGCG was observed among cases (54.4 mg) than the controls (72.5 mg), which resulted in an inverse gradient of PCA risk with the increasing intake of EGCG (test for trend, P=0.015). CONCLUSION PCA risk among Chinese men in Hong Kong was inversely associated with green tea consumption and EGCG intake, but these results need to be replicated in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Y Lee
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - C F Ng
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Z M Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - W M Ho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - M K Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - F Wang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - H D Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y H He
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - S S M Ng
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - S Y S Wong
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - L A Tse
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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6
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Russnes KM, Möller E, Wilson KM, Carlsen M, Blomhoff R, Smeland S, Adami HO, Grönberg H, Mucci LA, Bälter K. Total antioxidant intake and prostate cancer in the Cancer of the Prostate in Sweden (CAPS) study. A case control study. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:438. [PMID: 27400803 PMCID: PMC4939657 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2486-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The total intake of dietary antioxidants may reduce prostate cancer risk but available data are sparse and the possible role of supplements unclear. We investigated the potential association between total and dietary antioxidant intake and prostate cancer in a Swedish population. Methods We used FFQ data from 1499 cases and 1112 controls in the population based case–control study Cancer of the Prostate in Sweden (CAPS). The ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay was used to assess the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of diet and supplements. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) for the risk of prostate cancer across quintiles of antioxidant intake from all foods, from fruit and vegetables only, and from dietary supplements using unconditional logistic regression. Results Coffee comprised 62 % of the dietary antioxidant intake, tea 4 %, berries 4 %, chocolate 2 %, and boiled potatoes 2 %. In total 19 % and 13 % of the population took multivitamins and supplemental Vitamin C respectively, on a regular basis. Antioxidant intake from all foods and from fruits and vegetables separately measured by the FRAP assay was not associated with prostate cancer risk. For antioxidant intake from supplements we found a positive association with total, advanced, localized, high grade and low grade prostate cancer in those above median supplemental TAC intake of users compared to non-users (Adjusted ORs for total prostate cancer: 1.37, 95 % CI 1.08–1.73, advanced: 1.51, 95 % CI 1.11–2.06, localized: 1.36. 95 % CI 1.06–1.76, high grade 1.60, 95 % CI 1.06–2.40, low grade 1.36, 95 % CI 1.03–1.81). A high intake of coffee (≥6 cups/day) was associated with a possible risk reduction of fatal and significantly with reduced risk for high grade prostate cancer, adjusted OR: 0.45 (95 % CI: 0.22–0.90), whereas a high intake of chocolate was positively associated with risk of total, advanced, localized and low grade disease (adjusted OR for total: 1.43, 95 % CI 1.12–1.82, advanced: 1.40, 95 % CI 1.01–1.96, localized: 1.43, 95 % CI 1.08–1.88, low-grade: 1.41, 95 % CI 1.03–1.93). Conclusions Total antioxidant intake from diet was not associated with prostate cancer risk. Supplement use may be associated with greater risk of disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2486-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjell M Russnes
- Oslo University Hospital, Clinic of Cancer, Surgery and Transplantation, Montebello, 0380, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Elisabeth Möller
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kathryn M Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Channing Laboratory, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Monica Carlsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rune Blomhoff
- Oslo University Hospital, Clinic of Cancer, Surgery and Transplantation, Montebello, 0380, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigbjørn Smeland
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Grönberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Channing Laboratory, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Katarina Bälter
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Hoang VD, Lee AH, Pham NM, Xu D, Binns CW. Habitual Tea Consumption Reduces Prostate Cancer Risk in Vietnamese Men: a Case-Control Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:4939-4944. [PMID: 28032720 PMCID: PMC5454700 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2016.17.11.4939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: An upward trend has been noted for the incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) in Vietnam, but information
is limited on modifiable factors associated with this form of cancer. This case-control study was conducted to ascertain
any relationship between habitual tea consumption and PCa risk. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and fifty-three
incident patients with histologically confirmed PCa and 419 (340 community-based and 79 hospital-based) controls,
matched by age, were recruited in Ho Chi Minh City during 2013-2015. Information on frequency, quantity and
duration of tea consumption, together with demographics, habitual diet and lifestyle characteristics, was obtained by
direct interviews using a validated questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess associations
between tea consumption variables and PCa risk. Results: The control subjects reported higher tea consumption levels
in terms of cumulative exposure, frequency and quantity of tea drank than the PCa patients. After accounting for
confounding factors, increasing tea consumption was found to be associated with reduced risk of PCa. The adjusted
odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 0.52 (95% CI 0.35-0.79) and 0.30 (95% CI 0.18-0.48) for participants
drinking 100-500 ml/day and > 500 ml/day, respectively, relative to those drinking < 100 ml/day. Significant inverse
dose-response relationships were also observed for years of drinking and number of cups consumed daily (P <0.01).
Conclusion: Habitual tea consumption is associated with a reduced risk of PCa in Vietnamese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Dong Hoang
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U 1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia,National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1-Yersin Street, Hanoi City, Vietnam
| | - Andy H Lee
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U 1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Ngoc Minh Pham
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U 1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia,Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 284-Luong Ngoc Quyen Street, Thai Nguyen City, Vietnam,For Correspondence:
| | - Dan Xu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U 1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Colin W Binns
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U 1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
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Tarhan H, Cakmak O, Unal E, Akarken I, Un S, Ekin RG, Konyalioglu E, Isoglu CS, Zorlu F. The effect of video-based education on patient anxiety in men undergoing transrectal prostate biopsy. Can Urol Assoc J 2015; 8:E894-900. [PMID: 25553162 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.2208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We assess the effect of video-based education on patient anxiety during transrectal prostate biopsy. METHODS A total of 246 patients who underwent transrectal prostate biopsy were prospectively enrolled in the study. Group 1 included 123 patients who received both written and video-based education, while Group 2 included 123 patients who received only written instructions regarding prostate biopsies. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to assess state and trait anxiety (STAI-S/T) After completing the STAI-S and STAI-T questionnaires, all patients in Group 1 received written information and video-based education and they again completed STAI-S before the biopsy. On the contrary, after completing the STAI-S and STAI-T questionnaires, the patients in Group 2 received only written information and then they completed the STAI-S before the biopsy. Moreover, a visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess pain scores during digital rectal examination, probe insertion, periprostatic local anesthesic infiltration, and biopsy. RESULTS No difference was noted between 2 groups regarding VAS scores. Comparing the 2 groups on baseline anxiety, we found that trait anxiety scores (STAI-T) were similar (p = 0.238). Pre-information STAI-S scores were similar in both groups (p = 0.889) and they both indicated high anxiety levels (score ≥42). While post-information STAI-S scores remained high in Group 2, post-information STAI-S scores significantly decreased in Group 1 (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Undergoing a prostate biopsy is stressful and may cause anxiety for patients. Video-based education about the procedure can diminish patient anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Tarhan
- Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Urology Department, Izmir-Turkey
| | - Ozgur Cakmak
- Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Urology Department, Izmir-Turkey
| | - Elif Unal
- Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Psychiatry Department, Izmir-Turkey
| | - Ilker Akarken
- Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Urology Department, Izmir-Turkey
| | - Sitki Un
- Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Urology Department, Izmir-Turkey
| | - Rahmi Gokhan Ekin
- Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Urology Department, Izmir-Turkey
| | | | | | - Ferruh Zorlu
- Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Urology Department, Izmir-Turkey
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9
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Tverdal A. Boiled coffee consumption and the risk of prostate cancer: follow-up of 224,234 Norwegian men 20-69 years. Br J Cancer 2014; 112:576-9. [PMID: 25535729 PMCID: PMC4453658 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is insufficient epidemiological evidence on the relationship between type of coffee and the risk of prostate cancer. METHODS The risk of prostate cancer by use of boiled vs not boiled coffee were assessed in a prospective study of 224,234 men 20-69 years. 5740 incident prostate cancers were identified. RESULTS With no coffee as reference group the hazard ratios of <1-4, 5-8 and 9+ cups per day of boiled coffee only were 0.84 (0.73-0.96), 0.80 (0.70-0.92) and 0.66 (0.55-0.80), P-trend=0.00. The corresponding figures for not boiled coffee were 0.89 (0.80-0.99), 0.91 (0.81-1.02) and 0.86 (0.74-1.00), P-trend=0.22. CONCLUSION An inverse relationship between number of cups per day and the risk of prostate cancer was present only for the boiled coffee type.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tverdal
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, Oslo NO-0403, Norway
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10
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Fei X, Shen Y, Li X, Guo H. The association of tea consumption and the risk and progression of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014; 7:3881-3891. [PMID: 25550896 PMCID: PMC4276154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have focused on the association of tea consumption and the risk and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). However, the evidence is inadequate to draw robust conclusions. To shed light on these inconclusive findings, we conducted a meta-analysis. We searched the database of PubMed and Web of Science for eligible articles. The relevant data were abstracted by two independent reviewers and performed with Stata 11.0. 21 studies were included. The pooled outcomes showed that there was a significant association between tea consumption and PCa risk (OR=0.84, 95% CI (0.71-0.98)); tea consumption could reduce PCa risk in China and India (OR=0.40 and 0.48, 95% CI (0.25-0.66) and (0.24-0.97), respectively); both green and black tea consumption showed no significant effect on PCa risk (OR=0.73 and 0.95, 95% CI (0.52-1.02) and (0.82-1.11), respectively); the highest level tea consumption showed significant protective effect on the low-grade PCa (OR=0.66, 95% CI (0.46-0.93)); no significant effect was found in both localized and advanced PCa in stage subgroup analyses (OR=1.12 and 0.85, 95% CI (0.82-1.54) and (0.62-1.16), respectively). The results show that regardless of tea type, tea consumption might be a potential protective factor for the PCa, especially in China and India. Tea consumption might be the protective factor for low-grade PCa. However, more relevant studies are needed to further explore this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiawei Fei
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Yanting Shen
- Research Center of Learning Science, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiaogong Li
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Hongqian Guo
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China
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11
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Daglia M, Antiochia R, Sobolev AP, Mannina L. Untargeted and targeted methodologies in the study of tea (Camellia sinensis L.). Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Influence of in vitro simulated gastroduodenal digestion on the antibacterial activity, metabolic profiling and polyphenols content of green tea (Camellia sinensis). Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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13
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Chan JM, Van Blarigan EL, Kenfield SA. What should we tell prostate cancer patients about (secondary) prevention? Curr Opin Urol 2014; 24:318-23. [PMID: 24625429 PMCID: PMC4084902 DOI: 10.1097/mou.0000000000000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To briefly summarize the epidemiologic findings of selected lifestyle factors for prostate cancer progression, metastasis, or death, with a focus on behaviors after diagnosis where possible. We conclude by providing guidance on the lifestyle practices that physicians may wish to prioritize for discussion with their patients. RECENT FINDINGS Growing, but still limited, evidence suggests that lifestyle factors after prostate cancer diagnosis may impact prostate-cancer-specific and overall morality. In particular, smoking and obesity may increase the risk of disease progression and mortality, whereas engaging in vigorous physical activity or brisk walking and consuming a diet rich in vegetables (particularly tomato sauce and cruciferous) and vegetable fats may lower the risk. SUMMARY Patients should be counseled not to use tobacco products; to engage in daily physical activity; to minimize sedentary behavior; to consume plenty of healthy fats (i.e. fish, nuts, vegetable oils, soybeans, avocados, and flaxseed) and vegetables; to focus on getting nutrients from foods rather than supplements; and to limit refined grains, sugars, processed meat, and high-fat dairy.
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Affiliation(s)
- June M. Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Erin L. Van Blarigan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
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14
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Coffee consumption and prostate cancer risk: an updated meta-analysis. Cancer Causes Control 2014; 25:591-604. [PMID: 24584929 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-014-0364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many epidemiological studies have been conducted to explore the association between coffee consumption and prostate cancer. However, the results remain inconsistent. We performed a large meta-analysis of relevant studies to derive a more precise estimation of this relationship. METHODS Systematic searches of PubMed and several other databases up to June 2013 were retrieved. All epidemiologic studies regarding coffee consumption and prostate cancer risk were included, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the strength of the association. RESULTS Twelve case-control studies involving 7,909 prostate cancer cases and 9,461 controls and nine cohort studies involving 455,123 subjects were included in our analysis. Compared with the lowest category, the unstratified highest category of coffee consumption showed a significance reduction in prostate cancer risk of a fixed-effects model (OR 0.91, CI 0.86-0.97). A borderline significant influence was also found when the stratified highest category (US ≥ 4, Europe ≥ 5) of coffee consumption was compared with the reference category (OR 0.96, CI 0.92-1.00), but no relationships were observed for the other two categories. In another analysis conducted by coffee consumption and prostate cancer stage and Gleason grade, our results showed a significant inverse association in all categories of prostate cancer except Gleason <7 grade in a fixed-effects model; the results remained the same, except for advanced prostate cancer, in a random-effects model. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis suggests that high (e.g., highest ≥ 4 or 5 cups/day) coffee consumption may not only be associated with a reduced risk of overall prostate cancer, but also inversely associated with fatal and high-grade prostate cancer.
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Discacciati A, Orsini N, Wolk A. Coffee consumption and risk of nonaggressive, aggressive and fatal prostate cancer--a dose-response meta-analysis. Ann Oncol 2014; 25:584-591. [PMID: 24276028 PMCID: PMC4433502 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing epidemiological evidence is controversial regarding the possible associations between coffee consumption and risk of prostate cancer (PCa) by aggressiveness of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a random-effects dose-response meta-analysis to assess the relationships between coffee consumption and nonaggressive, aggressive and fatal PCa risk. Studies were identified by a search of Medline and Embase databases to 15 July 2013. We carried out separate analyses by grade (Gleason score: low-grade, high-grade) and stage (TNM staging system: localized, advanced) of the tumors. Nonaggressive tumors were defined as low-grade or localized, while aggressive tumors were defined as high-grade or advanced. RESULTS Eight studies (three case-control and five cohort) were included in this meta-analysis. Gleason 7 tumors were classified as high-grade in one study, while in another study, Gleason 7(4 + 3) tumors were classified as high-grade and Gleason 7(3 + 4) as low-grade. In the remaining four studies, Gleason 7 tumors were excluded from the analyses or analyzed separately. The pooled relative risk (RR) for a consumption increment of 3 cups/day was 0.97 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.92-1.03] for low-grade PCa (n = 6), 0.97 (95% CI 0.94-0.99) for localized PCa (n = 6), 0.89 (95% CI 0.78-1.00) for high-grade PCa (n = 6), 0.95 (95% CI 0.85-1.06) for advanced PCa (n = 6) and 0.89 (95% CI 0.82-0.97) for fatal PCa (n = 4). No evidence of publication bias was observed. Heterogeneity was absent or marginal (I(2) range = 0-26%), with the only exception of the analysis on advanced PCa, where moderate heterogeneity was observed (I(2) = 60%). When restricting the analyses only to those studies that defined high-grade tumors as Gleason 8-10, the inverse association became slightly stronger [RR: 0.84 (95% CI 0.72-0.98); n = 4]. CONCLUSIONS Results from this dose-response meta-analysis suggest that coffee consumption may be inversely associated with the risk of fatal PCa. No clear evidence of an association with PCa incidence was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Discacciati
- Units of Nutritional Epidemiology; Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - N Orsini
- Units of Nutritional Epidemiology; Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Wolk
- Units of Nutritional Epidemiology
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16
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Lin YW, Hu ZH, Wang X, Mao QQ, Qin J, Zheng XY, Xie LP. Tea consumption and prostate cancer: an updated meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2014; 12:38. [PMID: 24528523 PMCID: PMC3925323 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Tea is supposed to have chemopreventive effect against various cancers. However, the protective role of tea in prostate cancer is still controversial. The aim of this study is to elucidate the association between tea consumption and prostate cancer risk by meta-analysis. Methods A total of 21 published articles were retrieved via both computerized searches and review of references. Estimates of OR/RR for highest versus non/lowest tea consumption levels were pooled on the basis of random effect model or fixed effect model as appropriate. Stratified analyses on tea type, population and study design were also conducted. Results No statistical significance was detected between tea consumption and prostate cancer risk in meta-analysis of all included studies (odds ratio (OR) = 0.86, 95% CI (0.69-1.04)). Furthermore, stratified analyses on population (Asian, OR = 0.81, 95% CI (0.55-1.08); non-Asian, OR = 0.89, 95% CI (0.72-1.07)) and tea type (green tea, OR = 0.79, 95% CI (0.43-1.14); black tea, OR = 0.88, 95% CI (0.73-1.02)) also yielded non-significant association. Only the case–control study subgroup demonstrated a borderline protective effect for tea consumption against prostate cancer (OR = 0.77, 95% CI (0.55-0.98)). Conclusion Our analyses did not support the conclusion that tea consumption could reduce prostate cancer risk. Further epidemiology studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Li-ping Xie
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Abstract
The etiology of prostate cancer (PCa) is still largely unknown and the only well-established risk factors are those that are non-modifiable (age, race, and family history). Therefore, the identification of lifestyle and dietary factors which might prevent PCa development and progression is of paramount importance from a public health point of view. Accumulating evidence indicates that obesity may have a dual effect on PCa: an increased risk of aggressive PCa and a decreased risk of localized PCa. Both occupational and leisure time physical activity have been observed to be associated with a reduced PCa risk. Different dietary factors including coffee have been examined in several epidemiological studies, but results have been mostly inconsistent. However, these inconsistencies can be, at least partly, explained by the fact that the majority of those studies examined total PCa risk only and, in addition, they did not take into account the different genetic characteristics within the study populations. Therefore, the future epidemiological studies should focus on the analysis of PCa subtypes separately in order to examine possible etiological heterogeneity of PCa in relation to some exposures. In addition, differences in the genetic characteristics of the study participants should be taken into account to explore the possibility of gene-environment interactions.
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18
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Bøhn SK, Blomhoff R, Paur I. Coffee and cancer risk, epidemiological evidence, and molecular mechanisms. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:915-30. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siv Kjølsrud Bøhn
- Department of Nutrition; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo; Norway
| | - Rune Blomhoff
- Department of Nutrition; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo; Norway
- Division of Cancer Medicine; Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
| | - Ingvild Paur
- Department of Nutrition; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo; Norway
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Coffee consumption and risk of prostate cancer: an up-to-date meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr 2013; 68:330-7. [PMID: 24300907 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Epidemiologic findings concerning the association between coffee consumption and prostate cancer risk yielded mixed results. We aimed to investigate the association by performing a meta-analysis of all available studies. SUBJECTS/METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE for studies published up to July 2013. We calculated the summary relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ever, moderate and highest consumption of coffee vs non/lowest consumption. The dose-response relationship was assessed by restricted cubic spline model and multivariate random-effect meta-regression. RESULTS A total of 12 case-control studies and 12 cohort studies with 42,179 cases were selected for final meta-analysis. No significant associations were found among overall analysis. A borderline positive association was found for highest drinkers in five small hospital-based case-control (HCC) studies involving 2278 cases. However, compared with non/lowest drinkers, the summary RRs were 0.92 (95% CI=0.85-0.99) for ever drinkers, 0.92 (95% CI=0.85-1.00) for moderate drinkers and 0.83 (95% CI=0.72-0.96) for highest drinkers from 12 cohort studies, comprising a total of 34,424 cases. An increase in coffee intake of two cups/day was associated with a 7% decreased risk of prostate cancer according to cohort studies. A significant inverse relationship was also found for fatal prostate cancers and high-grade prostate cancers. CONCLUSIONS Case-control studies especially HCC ones might be prone to selection bias and recall bias that might have contributed to the conflicting results. Therefore, the present meta-analysis suggests a borderline significant inverse association between coffee consumption and prostate cancer risk based on cohort studies.
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Geybels MS, Neuhouser ML, Wright JL, Stott-Miller M, Stanford JL. Coffee and tea consumption in relation to prostate cancer prognosis. Cancer Causes Control 2013; 24:1947-54. [PMID: 23907772 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-013-0270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioactive compounds found in coffee and tea may delay the progression of prostate cancer. METHODS We investigated associations of pre-diagnostic coffee and tea consumption with risk of prostate cancer recurrence/progression. Study participants were men diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2002-2005 in King County, Washington, USA. We assessed the usual pattern of coffee and tea consumption two years before diagnosis date. Prostate cancer-specific outcome events were identified using a detailed follow-up survey. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS The analysis of coffee intake in relation to prostate cancer recurrence/progression included 630 patients with a median follow-up of 6.4 years, during which 140 prostate cancer recurrence/progression events were recorded. Approximately 61 % of patients consumed at least one cup of coffee per day. Coffee consumption was associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer recurrence/progression; the adjusted HR for ≥4 cups/day versus ≤1 cup/week was 0.41 (95 % CI: 0.20, 0.81; p for trend = 0.01). Approximately 14 % of patients consumed one or more cups of tea per day, and tea consumption was unrelated to prostate cancer recurrence/progression. CONCLUSION Results indicate that higher pre-diagnostic coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer recurrence/progression. This finding will require replication in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan S Geybels
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands,
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Bidel S, Tuomilehto J. The Emerging Health Benefits of Coffee with an Emphasis on Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease. EUROPEAN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2013; 9:99-106. [PMID: 29922362 PMCID: PMC6003581 DOI: 10.17925/ee.2013.09.02.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Debate persists whether coffee is beneficial or problematic for human health. Coffee consumption has been associated with a decrease in risk of developing type 2 diabetes, and numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated that healthy, habitual coffee drinkers are more protected from the risk of contracting diabetes than individuals who do not drink coffee. Coffee consumption has been associated with a reduced incidence of impaired glucose tolerance, hyperglycaemia and insulin sensitivity. Data suggest that several coffee components, such as chlorogenic acids, are involved in the health benefits of coffee. Various mechanisms for this protective effect have been proposed, including effects on incretin release, liver glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Epidemiological data support numerous other health benefits for coffee, including reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD), a protective effect against some neurodegenerative conditions, a favourable effect on liver function and a protective effect against certain cancers These associations are based mainly on observational studies and are currently insufficient to recommend coffee consumption as an interventional strategy for risk reduction in type 2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases While excessive consumption can have adverse effects on some conditions, particularly in terms of sleep quality, these effects vary among individuals and most people do not have any symptoms from coffee drinking. Moderate coffee consumption is associated with no or little risk of severe diseases and may offer substantial health benefits. Thus, coffee is a safe, low-energy beverage and suitable for most adult people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Bidel
- National institute for Health and Welfare and Hjelt institute, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Austria; Red RECAVA Grupo, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
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