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Chamandi G, El-Hajjar L, El Kurdi A, Le Bras M, Nasr R, Lehmann-Che J. ER Negative Breast Cancer and miRNA: There Is More to Decipher Than What the Pathologist Can See! Biomedicines 2023; 11:2300. [PMID: 37626796 PMCID: PMC10452617 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC), the most prevalent cancer in women, is a heterogenous disease. Despite advancements in BC diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics, survival rates have drastically decreased in the metastatic setting. Therefore, BC still remains a medical challenge. The evolution of high-throughput technology has highlighted gaps in the classification system of BCs. Of particular interest is the notorious triple negative BC, which was recounted as being heterogenous itself and it overlaps with distinct subtypes, namely molecular apocrine (MA) and luminal androgen (LAR) BCs. These subtypes are, even today, still misdiagnosed and poorly treated. As such, researchers and clinicians have been looking for ways through which to refine BC classification in order to properly understand the initiation, development, progression, and the responses to the treatment of BCs. One tool is biomarkers and, specifically, microRNA (miRNA), which are highly reported as associated with BC carcinogenesis. In this review, the diverse roles of miRNA in estrogen receptor negative (ER-) and androgen receptor positive (AR+) BC are depicted. While highlighting their oncogenic and tumor suppressor functions in tumor progression, we will discuss their diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarker potentials, as well as their drug sensitivity/resistance activity. The association of several miRNAs in the KEGG-reported pathways that are related to ER-BC carcinogenesis is presented. The identification and verification of accurate miRNA panels is a cornerstone for tackling BC classification setbacks, as is also the deciphering of the carcinogenesis regulators of ER - AR + BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Chamandi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, 11-0236 Beirut, Lebanon; (G.C.); (L.E.-H.)
- Pathophysiology of Breast Cancer Team, INSERM U976, Immunologie Humaine, Pathophysiologie, Immunothérapie (HIPI), Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France;
| | - Layal El-Hajjar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, 11-0236 Beirut, Lebanon; (G.C.); (L.E.-H.)
- Office of Basic/Translational Research and Graduate Studies, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, 11-0236 Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abdallah El Kurdi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, 11-0236 Beirut, Lebanon;
| | - Morgane Le Bras
- Pathophysiology of Breast Cancer Team, INSERM U976, Immunologie Humaine, Pathophysiologie, Immunothérapie (HIPI), Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France;
| | - Rihab Nasr
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, 11-0236 Beirut, Lebanon; (G.C.); (L.E.-H.)
| | - Jacqueline Lehmann-Che
- Pathophysiology of Breast Cancer Team, INSERM U976, Immunologie Humaine, Pathophysiologie, Immunothérapie (HIPI), Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France;
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CircEPSTI1 Promotes the Proliferation of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Cells via circEPSTI1/miR-145/ERBB3 Axis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:1028851. [PMID: 36059813 PMCID: PMC9439903 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1028851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide. There are great challenges in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. In this study, we explored the molecular and biological mechanisms of circular RNA circEPSTI1 (has_circ_0000479) in the regulation of HER2-positive breast cancer cells. The expression of CircEPSTI1, microRNA miR-145, and ERBB3 in HER2-positive breast cancer cells was evaluated by qRT-PCR and western blot assays. Cell proliferation was assessed by CCK-8. Wound-healing and transwell migration assays were performed to evaluate cell migration. A transwell invasion assay was performed to detect cell invasion. The interaction of miR-145, circEPSTI1, and ERBB3 was confirmed bydual-luciferase reporter and RIP assays. CircEPSTI1 was upregulated in the HER2-positive breast cancer tissues and cells. Knockdown of circEPSTI1 inhibited SKBR3 and BT474 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Mechanistically, circEPSTI1 directly targeted miR-145, and miR-145 was a downstream mediator of circEPSTI1 in modulating the proliferation, migration, and invasion of SKBR3 and BT474 cells. ERBB3 was identified as a direct and functional target of miR-145 in HER2-positive breast cancer cells. Our findings demonstrate that circEPSTI1, an overexpressed circRNA in HER2-positive breast cancer, promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of SKBR3 and BT474 cells through the miR-145/ERBB3 axis.
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3
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Cui R, Chen P, Wang Y, Lu R, Ji M, Hou P, Qu Y. Cohesin RAD21 Gene Promoter Methylation Correlated with Better Prognosis in Breast Cancer Patients. Cytogenet Genome Res 2022; 162:109-118. [PMID: 35654004 DOI: 10.1159/000524735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RAD21 plays multiple roles in numerous cancers. In breast cancer (BC), a high level of RAD21 correlates with poor disease outcomes and resistance to chemotherapy. However, data regarding RAD21 promoter methylation in BC tissue and its correlation with clinical outcomes in patients with BC remain limited. Here, we investigated the clinicopathological features associated with the methylation status of RAD21 in BC to figure out its possible role in pathogenesis and the formation of breast carcinogenesis. The methylation status of the RAD21 gene was significantly associated with better clinical outcomes in patients with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Cui
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rong Lu
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meiju Ji
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Hou
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yiping Qu
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Radio Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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4
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Kalofonou M, Malpartida-Cardenas K, Alexandrou G, Rodriguez-Manzano J, Yu LS, Miscourides N, Allsopp R, Gleason KLT, Goddard K, Fernandez-Garcia D, Page K, Georgiou P, Ali S, Coombes RC, Shaw J, Toumazou C. A novel hotspot specific isothermal amplification method for detection of the common PIK3CA p.H1047R breast cancer mutation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4553. [PMID: 32165708 PMCID: PMC7067842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60852-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a common cancer in women worldwide. Despite advances in treatment, up to 30% of women eventually relapse and die of metastatic breast cancer. Liquid biopsy analysis of circulating cell-free DNA fragments in the patients' blood can monitor clonality and evolving mutations as a surrogate for tumour biopsy. Next generation sequencing platforms and digital droplet PCR can be used to profile circulating tumour DNA from liquid biopsies; however, they are expensive and time consuming for clinical use. Here, we report a novel strategy with proof-of-concept data that supports the usage of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to detect PIK3CA c.3140 A > G (H1047R), a prevalent BC missense mutation that is attributed to BC tumour growth. Allele-specific primers were designed and optimized to detect the p.H1047R variant following the USS-sbLAMP method. The assay was developed with synthetic DNA templates and validated with DNA from two breast cancer cell-lines and two patient tumour tissue samples through a qPCR instrument and finally piloted on an ISFET enabled microchip. This work sets a foundation for BC mutational profiling on a Lab-on-Chip device, to help the early detection of patient relapse and to monitor efficacy of systemic therapies for personalised cancer patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melpomeni Kalofonou
- Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, England.
| | - Kenny Malpartida-Cardenas
- Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, England
| | - George Alexandrou
- Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, England
| | - Jesus Rodriguez-Manzano
- Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, England
| | - Ling-Shan Yu
- Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, England
| | - Nicholas Miscourides
- Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, England
| | - Rebecca Allsopp
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, England
| | - Kelly L T Gleason
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, England
| | - Katie Goddard
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, England
| | - Daniel Fernandez-Garcia
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, England
| | - Karen Page
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, England
| | - Pantelis Georgiou
- Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, England
| | - Simak Ali
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, England
| | - R Charles Coombes
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, England
| | - Jacqueline Shaw
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, England
| | - Christofer Toumazou
- Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, England
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5
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Silva R, Moran B, Russell NM, Fahey C, Vlajnic T, Manecksha RP, Finn SP, Brennan DJ, Gallagher WM, Perry AS. Evaluating liquid biopsies for methylomic profiling of prostate cancer. Epigenetics 2020; 15:715-727. [PMID: 32000564 PMCID: PMC7574384 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1712876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Liquid biopsies offer significant potential for informing on cancer progression and therapeutic resistance via minimally invasive serial monitoring of genetic alterations. Although the cancer epigenome is a central driving force in most neoplasia, the accuracy of monitoring the tumor methylome using liquid biopsies remains relatively unknown. Objectives: to investigate how well two types of liquid biopsy (urine and blood) capture the prostate cancer methylome, and may thus serve as a non-invasive surrogate for studying the tumor epigenome. Methods: A cohort of four metastatic treatment naïve prostate cancer (PCa) patients was selected. Matched biopsy cores (tumor and histologically matched-normal), post-DRE, pre-biopsy urine, and peripheral blood plasma were available for each subject. DNA methylation was profiled utilizing the Infinium® MethylationEPIC BeadChip (Illumina) and analysed using the RnBeads software. Significantly (FDR adjusted P < 0.05) differentially methylated probes (DMPs) between tumor and MN were identified and examined in the liquids (done at a grouped and individual subject level). Results: DNA methylation analysis of urine and blood in men with metastatic PCa showed highly correlated patterns between the different liquid types (ρ = 0.93, P < 0.0001), with large contributions from non-tumor sources. DNA methylation profiles of liquids were more similar between subjects, than intra-individual liquid-tumor correlations. Overall, both urine and plasma are viable surrogates for tumor tissue biopsies, capturing up to 39.40% and 64.14% of tumor-specific methylation alterations, respectively. Conclusion: We conclude that both urine and blood plasma are easily accessible and sensitive biofluids for the study of PCa epigenomic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Silva
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bruce Moran
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland.,Ireland East Hospital Group (IEHG), St. Vincent's University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh M Russell
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland.,School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ciara Fahey
- Prostate Molecular Oncology, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tatjana Vlajnic
- Department of Histopathology, St James's Hospital , Dublin, Ireland.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel , Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rustom P Manecksha
- Department of Urology, St. James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Department of Histopathology, St James's Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Donal J Brennan
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - William M Gallagher
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland.,School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Antoinette S Perry
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland.,Prostate Molecular Oncology, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland.,School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
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6
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Spugnini EP, Logozzi M, Di Raimo R, Mizzoni D, Fais S. A Role of Tumor-Released Exosomes in Paracrine Dissemination and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3968. [PMID: 30544664 PMCID: PMC6321583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic diffusion is thought to be a multi-step phenomenon involving the release of cells from the primary tumor and their diffusion through the body. Currently, several hypotheses have been put forward in order to explain the origin of cancer metastasis, including epithelial⁻mesenchymal transition, mutagenesis of stem cells, and a facilitating role of macrophages, involving, for example, transformation or fusion hybridization with neoplastic cells. In this paradigm, tumor-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes, play a pivotal role in cell communications, delivering a plethora of biomolecules including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. For their natural role in shuttling molecules, EVs have been newly considered a part of the metastatic cascade. They have a prominent role in preparing the so-called "tumor niches" in target organs. However, recent evidence has pointed out an even more interesting role of tumor EVs, consisting in their ability to induce malignant transformation in resident mesenchymal stem cells. All in all, in this review, we discuss the multiple involvements of EVs in the metastatic cascade, and how we can exploit and manipulate EVs in order to reduce the metastatic spread of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariantonia Logozzi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Rossella Di Raimo
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Davide Mizzoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefano Fais
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Kehlet SN, Manon-Jensen T, Sun S, Brix S, Leeming DJ, Karsdal MA, Willumsen N. A fragment of SPARC reflecting increased collagen affinity shows pathological relevance in lung cancer - implications of a new collagen chaperone function of SPARC. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 19:904-912. [PMID: 30067436 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1480887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The matricellular protein SPARC (secreted proteome acidic and rich in cysteine) is known to bind collagens and regulate fibrillogenesis. Cleavage of SPARC at a single peptide bond, increases the affinity for collagens up to 20-fold. To investigate if this specific cleavage has pathological relevance in fibrotic disorders, we developed a competitive ELISA targeting the generated neo-epitope on the released fragment and quantified it in serum from patients with lung cancer, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and healthy subjects. Furthermore, the ability of SPARC to protect fibrillar collagens from proteolytic degradation was investigated in vitro, potentially adding a new collagen chaperone function to SPARC. The fragment was significantly elevated in lung cancer patients when compared to healthy subjects measured in a discovery cohort (p = 0.0005) and a validation cohort (p < 0.0001). No significant difference was observed for IPF and COPD patients compared to healthy subjects. When recombinant SPARC was incubated with type I or type III collagen and matrix metalloproteinase-9, collagen degradation was completely inhibited. Together, these data suggest that cleavage of SPARC at a specific site, which modulates collagen binding, is a physiological mechanism increased during pathogenesis of lung cancer. Furthermore, inhibition of fibrillar collagen degradation by SPARC adds a new chaperone function to SPARC which may play additional roles in the contribution to increased collagen deposition leading to a pro-fibrotic and tumorigenic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Kehlet
- a Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience A/S , Herlev , Denmark.,b Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine , Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - T Manon-Jensen
- a Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience A/S , Herlev , Denmark
| | - S Sun
- a Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience A/S , Herlev , Denmark
| | - S Brix
- b Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine , Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - D J Leeming
- a Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience A/S , Herlev , Denmark
| | - M A Karsdal
- a Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience A/S , Herlev , Denmark
| | - N Willumsen
- a Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience A/S , Herlev , Denmark
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Arneth B. Update on the types and usage of liquid biopsies in the clinical setting: a systematic review. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:527. [PMID: 29728089 PMCID: PMC5935950 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This systematic review aimed to gather evidence from research on the current state of liquid biopsy in medical practice, specifically focusing on mutation detection and monitoring. Methods A systematic search was performed via Medline. Results The results of this investigation indicate that liquid biopsy plays a critical role in the detection and management of tumors. This technique gives healthcare providers the ability to gather critical and reliable information that may potentially shape the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of a variety of cancers in the near future. This study further reveals that liquid biopsy has several potential shortcomings that may limit its application and use in the healthcare setting. Nevertheless, liquid biopsy remains a valuable tool that is gradually becoming a part of routine healthcare practice in oncology departments and hospitals worldwide. Conclusions The evidence described herein reveals the potential relevance of liquid biopsy as an important prognostic, diagnostic, and theranostic tool. This non-invasive procedure enables healthcare practitioners to detect and monitor genomic alterations and will likely replace tumor tissue biopsy as the standard method for detecting and monitoring mutations in the future. The information obtained herein can enable physicians to make informed decisions regarding current treatment options; however, liquid biopsy has not yet been incorporated into routine clinical diagnostics for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borros Arneth
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital of the Universities of Giessen and Marburg UKGM, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Feulgenstr. 12, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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Liu Z, Liu W. Association of urinary and plasma DNA in early breast cancer patients and its links to disease relapse. Clin Transl Oncol 2018; 20:1053-1060. [PMID: 29392540 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-017-1825-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Identifying patients who are at risk of relapse is a key challenge of primary breast cancer. The current study investigates the utility of urinary DNA in breast cancer management and as a predictor of relapse. This work also compares the sensitivity of plasma DNA with urinary DNA. METHODS Blood plasma and urine specimens were collected concurrently from 200 breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Comparison of both plasma and urinary DNA was performed at baseline to determine assay significance. Serial measurements of urinary DNA were conducted to gauge DNA variations after surgery. Correlations to disease relapse were performed to affirm the clinical utility of urinary DNA. RESULTS Molecular analysis showed patients were successfully identified with mutant PIK3CA using urinary DNA. A strong correlation was affirmed from urinary and plasma DNA at baseline with the correlation coefficient r = 0.859. We analyzed post-surgery measurements of urinary DNA for disease-relapse predictions. In subsequent serial followup of urinary DNA samples, we confirmed increased sensitivity in predicting relapse of these patients. The hazard ratio determined at the 9-month was 1.51 that identified patients at greater risk of disease relapse. CONCLUSION Urinary DNA offers a unique opportunity to glimpse upon dynamic changes in early breast cancer. Our results demonstrated good correlation to plasma DNA and post monitoring of cancer patients to identify individuals susceptible to a high risk of relapse. This potentially allows for early intervention such as adjuvant chemotherapy to be administered to better manage these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Liu
- Department of Oncology, Jingzhou First People's Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - W Liu
- Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, South Ring Road 1, Jingzhou, 434000, Hubei, China.
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10
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Giordano L, Gallo F, Petracci E, Chiorino G, Segnan N. The ANDROMEDA prospective cohort study: predictive value of combined criteria to tailor breast cancer screening and new opportunities from circulating markers: study protocol. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:785. [PMID: 29166878 PMCID: PMC5700540 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3784-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years growing interest has been posed on alternative ways to screen women for breast cancer involving different imaging techniques or adjusting screening interval by breast cancer risk estimates. A new research area is studying circulating microRNAs as molecular biomarkers potentially useful for non invasive early detection together with the analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The Andromeda study is a prospective cohort study on women attending breast cancer screening in a northern Italian area. The aims of the study are: 1) to define appropriate women risk-based stratifications for personalized screening considering different factors (reproductive, family and biopsy history, breast density, lifestyle habits); 2) to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of selected circulating microRNAs in a case-control study nested within the above mentioned cohort. Methods About 21,000 women aged 46–67 years compliant to screening mammography are expected to be enrolled. At enrolment, information on well-known breast cancer risk factors and life-styles habits are collected through self-admistered questionnaires. Information on breast density and anthropometric measurements (height, weight, body composition, and waist circumference) are recorded. In addition, women are requested to provide a blood sample for serum, plasma and buffy-coat storing for subsequent molecular analyses within the nested case-control study. This investigation will be performed on approximately 233 cases (screen-detected) and 699 matched controls to evaluate SNPs and circulating microRNAs. The whole study will last three years and the cohort will be followed up for ten years to observe the onset of new breast cancer cases. Discussion Nowadays women undergo the same screening protocol, independently of their breast density and their individual risk to develop breast cancer. New criteria to better stratify women in risk groups could enable the screening strategies to target high-risk women while reducing interventions in those at low-risk. In this frame the present study will contribute in identifying the feasibility and impact of implementing personalized breast cancer screening. Trial registration NCT02618538 (retrospectively registered on 27–11-2015.) Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3784-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Giordano
- Centre for Cancer Prevention (CPO Piemonte), Unit of Epidemiology and Screening, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza of Turin, Via Cavour 31, 10123, Turin, Italy.
| | - Federica Gallo
- Centre for Cancer Prevention (CPO Piemonte), Unit of Epidemiology and Screening, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza of Turin, Via Cavour 31, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Petracci
- Unity of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e Cura dei Tumori, IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | | | - Nereo Segnan
- Centre for Cancer Prevention (CPO Piemonte), Unit of Epidemiology and Screening, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza of Turin, Via Cavour 31, 10123, Turin, Italy
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11
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Armand-Labit V, Pradines A. Circulating cell-free microRNAs as clinical cancer biomarkers. Biomol Concepts 2017; 8:61-81. [DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2017-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding small RNAs that are master regulators of genic expression and consequently of many cellular processes. But their expression is often deregulated in human tumors leading to cancer development. Recently miRNAs were discovered in body fluids (serum, plasma and others) and their levels have often been reported to be altered in patients. Circulating miRNAs became one of the most promising biomarkers in oncology for early diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic response prediction. Here we describe the origins and roles of miRNAs, and summarize the most recent studies focusing on their usefulness as cancer biomarkers in lung, breast, colon, prostate, ovary cancers and melanoma. Lastly, we describe the main methodologies related to miRNA detection, which should be standardized for their use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Armand-Labit
- Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT UMR-1037, Toulouse, France
- Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopole, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Oncologique, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Pradines
- Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT UMR-1037, Toulouse, France
- Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopole, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Oncologique, Toulouse, France
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12
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Abstract
Breast cancer affects approximately 12 % women worldwide and results in 14 % of all cancer-related fatalities. Breast cancer is commonly categorized into one of four main subtypes (luminal A, luminal B, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive and basal), indicating molecular characteristics and informing treatment regimes. The most severe form of breast cancer is metastasis, when the tumour spreads from the breast tissue to other parts of the body. Significantly, the primary tumour subtype affects rates and sites of metastasis. Currently, up to 5 % of patients present with incurable metastasis, with an additional 10–15 % of patients going on to develop metastasis within 3 years of diagnosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short 21–25 long nucleotides that have been shown to significantly affect gene expression. Currently, >2000 miRNAs have been identified and significantly, specific miRNAs have been found associated with diseases states. Importantly, miRNAs are found circulating in the blood, presenting an opportunity to use these circulating disease-related miRNAs as biomarkers. Clearly, the identification of circulating miRNA specific to metastatic breast cancer presents a unique opportunity for early disease identification and for monitoring disease burden. Currently however, few groups have identified miRNA associated with metastatic breast cancer. Here, we review the literature surrounding the identification of metastatic miRNA in breast cancer patients, highlighting key areas where miRNA biomarker discovery could be beneficial, identifying key concepts, recognizing critical areas requiring further research and discussing potential problems.
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Tamkovich SN, Voytsitskiy VE, Laktionov PP. Modern methods in breast cancer diagnostics. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) SUPPLEMENT SERIES B: BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750814040106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Microenvironmental Influences on Metastasis Suppressor Expression and Function during a Metastatic Cell's Journey. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2014; 7:117-31. [PMID: 24938990 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-014-0148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the process of primary tumor cells breaking away and colonizing distant secondary sites. In order for a tumor cell growing in one microenvironment to travel to, and flourish in, a secondary environment, it must survive a series of events termed the metastatic cascade. Before departing the primary tumor, cells acquire genetic and epigenetic changes that endow them with properties not usually associated with related normal differentiated cells. Those cells also induce a subset of bone marrow-derived stem cells to mobilize and establish pre-metastatic niches [1]. Many tumor cells undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), where they transiently acquire morphologic changes, reduced requirements for cell-cell contact and become more invasive [2]. Invasive tumor cells eventually enter the circulatory (hematogenous) or lymphatic systems or travel across body cavities. In transit, tumor cells must resist anoikis, survive sheer forces and evade detection by the immune system. For blood-borne metastases, surviving cells then arrest or adhere to endothelial linings before either proliferating or extravasating. Eventually, tumor cells complete the process by proliferating to form a macroscopic mass [3].Up to 90 % of all cancer related morbidity and mortality can be attributed to metastasis. Surgery manages to ablate most primary tumors, especially when combined with chemotherapy and radiation. But if cells have disseminated, survival rates drop precipitously. While multiple parameters of the primary tumor are predictive of local or distant relapse, biopsies remain an imperfect science. The introduction of molecular and other biomarkers [4, 5] continue to improve the accuracy of prognosis. However, the invasive procedure introduces new complications for the patient. Likewise, the heterogeneity of any tumor population [3, 6, 7] means that sampling error (i.e., since it is impractical to examine the entire tumor) necessitates further improvements.In the case of breast cancer, for example, women diagnosed with stage I diseases (i.e., no evidence of invasion through a basement membrane) still have a ~30 % likelihood of developing distant metastases [8]. Many physicians and patients opt for additional chemotherapy in order to "mop up" cells that have disseminated and have the potential to grow into macroscopic metastases. This means that ~ 70 % of patients receive unnecessary therapy, which has undesirable side effects. Therefore, improving prognostic capability is highly desirable.Recent advances allow profiling of primary tumor DNA sequences and gene expression patterns to define a so-called metastatic signature [9-11], which can be predictive of patient outcome. However, the genetic changes that a tumor cell must undergo to survive the initial events of the metastatic cascade and colonize a second location belie a plasticity that may not be adequately captured in a sampling of heterogeneous tumors. In order to tailor or personalize patient treatments, a more accurate assessment of the genetic profile in the metastases is needed. Biopsy of each individual metastasis is not practical, safe, nor particularly cost-effective. In recent years, there has been a resurrection of the notion to do a 'liquid biopsy,' which essentially involves sampling of circulating tumor cells (CTC) and/or cell free nucleic acids (cfDNA, including microRNA (miRNA)) present in blood and lymph [12-16].The rationale for liquid biopsy is that tumors shed cells and/or genetic fragments into the circulation, theoretically making the blood representative of not only the primary tumor but also distant metastases. Logically, one would predict that the proportion of CTC and/or cfDNA would be proportionate to the likelihood of developing metastases [14]. While a linear relationship does not exist, the information within CTC or cfDNA is beginning to show great promise for enabling a global snapshot of the disease. However, the CTC and cfDNA are present at extremely low levels. Nonetheless, newer technologies capture enough material to enrich and sequence the patient's DNA or quantification of some biomarkers.Among the biomarkers showing great promise are metastasis suppressors which, by definition, block a tumor cell's ability to complete the metastatic process without prohibiting primary tumor growth [17]. Since the discovery of the first metastasis suppressor, Nm23, more than 30 have been functionally characterized. They function at various stages of the metastatic cascade, but their mechanisms of action, for the most part, remain ill-defined. Deciphering the molecular interactions of functional metastasis suppressors may provide insights for targeted therapies when these regulators cease to function and result in metastatic disease.In this brief review, we summarize what is known about the various metastasis suppressors and their functions at individual steps of the metastatic cascade (Table 1). Some of the subdivisions are rather arbitrary in nature, since many metastasis suppressors affect more than one step in the metastatic cascade. Nonetheless what emerges is a realization that metastasis suppressors are intimately associated with the microenvironments in which cancer cells find themselves [18].
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Tamkovich S, Voytsitskiy V, Laktionov P. Modern approach of breast cancer diagnostics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 60:141-60. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20146002141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the review have been classified literature data concerning modern instrumental, microscopic and molecular (metabolomics, proteomics, genetics and epigenetics) approaches for early breast cancer diagnostics. The analytical performance and perspectives of their application in clinical practice also have been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.N. Tamkovich
- Institute of chemical biology and fundamental medicine SB of RAS; Novosibirsk national research state university
| | | | - P.P. Laktionov
- Institute of chemical biology and fundamental medicine SB of RAS
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