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Kontaş Azakli T, Kabataş Yildiz M, Sal S. Experiences of migrant seasonal agricultural worker mothers in earthquakes: A phenomenological study. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2025; 71:585-597. [PMID: 39644195 DOI: 10.1177/00207640241299351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Seasonal agricultural migration leads to both economic hardship and humanitarian challenges. Individuals involved in this migration face severe poverty and deprivation, with mothers critical participants in agrarian work, being especially vulnerable due to challenging conditions and family responsibilities. This study explores the experiences of migratory seasonal agricultural worker mothers and their children, particularly how the earthquake in Turkey impacted them on February 6, 2023. METHOD This descriptive phenomenological study was conducted with seasonal agricultural worker mothers who participated in hazelnut harvest in northern Turkey between August and September 2023. Study data were obtained from 22 mothers who agreed to participate. Data were analyzed using the MAXQDA 2022 qualitative data analysis program. RESULTS It has been determined that the earthquake affects both mothers and children, creates confusion in mothers, creates fear, anxiety, and insecurity in children, and causes behavioral problems such as insomnia and loss of appetite. It has also been determined that positive changes occur in mothers' parenting practices and strengthen family ties. It has been revealed that mothers derive their psychological resilience from their belief systems and social interactions. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that earthquake experiences positively and negatively affected migratory seasonal agricultural worker mothers and caused emotional and behavioral problems in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mükerrem Kabataş Yildiz
- Ondokuz Mayıs University Vocational School of Health Services Department of Health Care Services, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Sema Sal
- Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Child Development, Samsun, Turkey
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Başkale H, Solmaz P. Experiences of adolescents affected by earthquakes: A qualitative study. J SPEC PEDIATR NURS 2024; 29:e12434. [PMID: 39016873 DOI: 10.1111/jspn.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study is to explore the experiences of adolescents affected by the earthquake. DESIGN AND METHODS This study was carried out in a descriptive phenomenological design, which is a qualitative research method. This research was conducted as a qualitative investigation utilizing a phenomenological approach to explore the experiences of 12 adolescents through the purposeful snowball sampling method. The interviews were conducted with adolescents who affected by the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes in a city located in the west of the country, between March 18, 2023 and June 30, 2023. Semistructured interviews were employed, and the data underwent inductive content analysis. COREQ reporting guidelines were used. RESULTS The participants in this study vividly recounted experiencing intense fear and panic during the earthquake. Subsequent challenges emerged from the lack of coordination in aid efforts, struggles to secure shelter and necessities, and the profound loss of relatives. These adversities posed considerable physical and psychological challenges. Notably, the adolescents' ability to reflect on their past lives and reshape their perspectives proved instrumental in facilitating their adaptation to a new life. However, witnessing the demise of loved ones, grappling with the fear of death and loss, and incessantly discussing the earthquake hindered their adjustment. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS We found that adolescents experienced the quakes in three phases: in the moment, postquake, and adaptation to new life. The first theme underscores the limitations of current effectiveness of quake training. This finding has important implications for policy to better prepare the adolescent population for quake disasters. The second theme reveals that the communication and coordination problems experienced after the earthquake enable the weaknesses of the system to be noticed and political steps should be taken in this direction. The third theme focuses on the factors that increase or decrease the psychosocial adaptation of adolescents who have experienced this traumatic experience to the new life. This provides important clues to improve and support adolescent health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Başkale
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Perihan Solmaz
- Usak University Health Services Vocational High School Health Care Services Division, Usak, Turkey
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Raccanello D, Rocca E, Barnaba V, Vicentini G, Hall R, Brondino M. Coping Strategies and Psychological Maladjustment/Adjustment: A Meta-Analytic Approach with Children and Adolescents Exposed to Natural Disasters. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2023; 52:25-63. [PMID: 35221639 PMCID: PMC8858219 DOI: 10.1007/s10566-022-09677-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Following disasters, children and adolescents can use coping strategies to feel better. A growing body of studies investigated the relation between them and maladjustment/adjustment, i.e., negative symptomatology/positive indicators of development. Yet, these constructs are studied separately. Objective We conducted two meta-analyses to examine the mean correlation between disaster-related coping strategies and indicators of maladjustment/adjustment following natural disasters in children and adolescents, considering the role of some moderators. Methods We used PsycINFO, PubMed, Eric, and Scopus databases to identify articles on natural disasters (filters: participants ≤ 18 years at the disaster, peer-review, English language). Inclusion required investigating the relation between at least one coping strategy and at least one indicator of maladjustment (e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder, depression) and/or adjustment (e.g., self-efficacy, emotion understanding), for a total of 26 studies (k = 64, n = 9692, for maladjustment; k = 37, n = 3504, for adjustment). Results There were global positive significant correlations between coping strategies and negative symptomatology (r pooled = .23) for maladjustment, and positive indicators (r pooled = .17) for adjustment. Negative symptomatology positively correlated with escape (r = .19), social isolation (r = .15), submission (r = .64), and opposition (r = .16); positive indicators positively correlated with problem solving (r = .31), social support (r = .22), and submission (r = .30). We found a moderating role of age, disaster type, and continent for maladjustment. Conclusions The study presented an analysis of the coping strategies that can be effective for children and adolescents dealing with natural disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Raccanello
- grid.5611.30000 0004 1763 1124Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Lungadige Porta Vittoria 17, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Emmanuela Rocca
- grid.5611.30000 0004 1763 1124Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Lungadige Porta Vittoria 17, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Veronica Barnaba
- grid.5611.30000 0004 1763 1124Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Lungadige Porta Vittoria 17, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Giada Vicentini
- grid.5611.30000 0004 1763 1124Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Lungadige Porta Vittoria 17, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Rob Hall
- grid.1004.50000 0001 2158 5405Macquarie University and Environmetrics, Sydney, Australia
| | - Margherita Brondino
- grid.5611.30000 0004 1763 1124Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Lungadige Porta Vittoria 17, 37129 Verona, Italy
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Wong M, Power TG. Parental Depressive Symptoms, Parent Attributional Style, and Child Coping as Predictors of Depressive Symptoms in Children of Parents with Anxiety or Mood Disorders. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:352-364. [PMID: 34546466 PMCID: PMC9977699 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01248-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the effects of parental depressive symptoms on children in China. The present study examined the relationships between parental depression, parental attributional style, children's coping strategies and 5-12-year-old children's depressive symptoms in a sample of Chinese children whose parents had been diagnosed with an anxiety or a mood disorder. The present study confirmed that children of parents with anxiety or mood disorders would show high levels of depressive symptoms. Parents with an optimistic or neutral attributional style rated their children as showing fewer depressive symptoms than parents with a pessimistic style. This study showed a significant positive relationship between children's disengagement coping and children's reports of depressive symptoms. The findings highlight the need for early identification of, and support and intervention programs for, parents suffering from depression and children of depressed parents as a means of protecting the psychological well-being of both parents and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun Wong
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping road, Tai Po, New territories, Hong Kong.
| | - Thomas G Power
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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Cadamuro A, Bisagno E, Trifiletti E, Di Bernardo GA, Visintin EP. Parental Support during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Friend or Foe? A Moderation Analysis of the Association between Maternal Anxiety and Children's Stress in Italian Dyads. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:268. [PMID: 36612589 PMCID: PMC9819444 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that parental psychological disorders in stressful situations increase the risk of disturbance in child development. This has been investigated in disasters but not in pandemics, which are sensibly different from other types of traumatic events. We investigated the relationship between mothers' anxiety and their children's (self-reported) stress and the boundary conditions of this association during the first full COVID-19 lockdown in Italy. During the COVID-19 pandemic, mothers might have increased their protective attitudes to secure and support their children; we tested whether the relationship between mothers' anxiety and children's stress was weaker (buffer effect) or stronger (over-protection effect) when perceived parental support was high. We measured mothers' anxiety, children's perceived parental support, and children's stress in a sample of 414 8- to 11-year-old primary school children (229 females, Mage = 9.44) and 395 mothers (Mage = 42.84). Results supported the over-protection scenario and provided the first evidence for the "helicopter-parent effect" during the COVID-19 pandemic: mothers' anxiety was positively associated with children's stress only when perceived support was high. Our finding highlights the importance of educating parents (for example, via emotional training) to prevent the worst consequences of adverse events in children and promote their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Cadamuro
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Elisa Bisagno
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Trifiletti
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Gian Antonio Di Bernardo
- Department of Education and Human Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Matsuzaki Y, Ishibashi R, Yasuda M, Tanabe-Ishibashi A, Honda A, Abe T, Sugiura M. Does the eight-factor "power to live" in disaster exist since childhood? Front Public Health 2022; 10:1022939. [PMID: 36579065 PMCID: PMC9791042 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1022939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies on the survivors of the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami have revealed eight factors, called power to live, which are closely related to resilience and effective coping after intense and prolonged stress. However, whether the eight factors, which were examined in adults, are applicable to children is unclear. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the eight-factor structure of power to live was present since late childhood. Method A 34-item power to live questionnaire was filled by middle- to upper-grade elementary (n = 378) and junior high school students (n = 456). Moreover, because elementary school students may lack introspective ability, their power to live was evaluated through a parental assessment (n = 358). Additionally, we examined the relationship between each power to live factor and questions regarding disaster prevention awareness among 25 elementary school students. Results The results from confirmatory factor analysis for factor structure revealed generally acceptable fit indices. The reports from elementary school students and their parents significantly positively correlated with each power to live factor. Although reliability indices for factors such as stubbornness, etiquette, self-transcendence, and active well-being were not good for elementary school students, the reliability indices for all factors, excluding stubbornness, increased in junior high school students. Moreover, we identified a correlation between problem-solving, altruism, and emotional regulation and questionnaire items regarding awareness of disaster prevention in elementary school students. Conclusion Our results suggest that although factors common to adults, such as leadership, problem-solving, altruism, and emotional regulation, were identified at the elementary school stage, some factors, such as stubbornness, are in the process of being formed. Future studies should examine the developmental changes assumed to underlie these factors and their relationship to experience and neurodevelopmental basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Matsuzaki
- Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,*Correspondence: Yutaka Matsuzaki
| | - Ryo Ishibashi
- Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,Smart-Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mari Yasuda
- International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Akio Honda
- Department of Information Design, Faculty of Informatics, Shizuoka Institute of Science and Technology, Fukuroi, Japan
| | - Tsuneyuki Abe
- Graduate School of Arts and Letters, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Motoaki Sugiura
- Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,Smart-Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Cadamuro A, Birtel MD, Di Bernardo GA, Crapolicchio E, Vezzali L, Drury J. Resilience in children in the aftermath of disasters: A systematic review and a new perspective on individual, interpersonal, group, and intergroup level factors. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/casp.2500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Cadamuro
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Science University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | | | | | | | - Loris Vezzali
- Faculty of Medicine University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - John Drury
- School of Psychology University of Sussex Brighton UK
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Yang D, Swekwi U, Tu CC, Dai X. Psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Wuhan's high school students. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2020; 119:105634. [PMID: 33162628 PMCID: PMC7603991 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explored the protective mechanisms of resilience and positive emotion regulation against psychological trauma among Wuhan's high school students during the COVID-19 outbreak. METHOD We obtained 286 valid samples from four high schools in Wuhan, China. To construct a measurement model and a structural model, structural equation models using four measurement scales with valid items were adopted, including a scale of psychological trauma, a scale of resilience, a scale of positive emotional regulation, and a scale of mental health. Participants reported their answers to items on a 5-point Likert-like scale. RESULTS The results revealed that psychological trauma was a negative predictor of mental health, and resilience and positive emotion regulation mediated the relationship between psychological trauma and mental health. CONCLUSIONS Accordingly, we concluded that resilience and positive emotion regulation interrupted the direct impact of psychological trauma on mental health, thereby greatly protecting the mental health of Wuhan's high school students during the COVID-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- Rangsit University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | | | | | - Xiao Dai
- Krirk University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Malin H, Morton E, Nadal A, Smith KA. Purpose and coping with adversity: A repeated measures, mixed-methods study with young adolescents. J Adolesc 2019; 76:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Caputi M, Schoenborn H. Theory of mind and internalizing symptoms during middle childhood and early adolescence: The mediating role of coping strategies. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2018.1487270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Caputi
- Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Helen Schoenborn
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Vezzali L, Andrighetto L, Di Bernardo GA, Nadi C, Bergamini G. Negative intergroup contact and support for social policies toward the minority outgroup in the aftermath of a natural disaster. The Journal of Social Psychology 2016; 157:407-415. [PMID: 27135136 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2016.1184126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this field study, we tested whether negative intergroup contact experienced by majority (Italian) survivors in the aftermath of the earthquakes that struck Northern Italy in 2012 was associated with policy attitudes toward minority (immigrant) survivors. Results revealed a negative association between negative contact and support for social policies aimed at favoring immigrant survivors. Moreover, social policies toward immigrant survivors mediated the effect of negative contact on social policy attitudes toward the minority group as a whole. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of findings.
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Abstract
A growing literature has begun to address the cognitions that influence children's disaster reactions as well as the effects of disasters on children's cognitions. These cognitions must be viewed in the context of developmental and cultural considerations as well as disaster-related factors such as exposure and secondary stressors. This review examines the extant literature on children's cognitions related to disasters and terrorism including threat appraisal, beliefs, attention and concentration, memory, academic achievement, and executive functioning. The review highlights areas where research is lacking such as the effect of disasters on children's attention, concentration, content of disaster memories, and executive functioning. It also notes findings that may advance post-disaster screening and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Pfefferbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine and Terrorism and Disaster Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 920 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, P.O. Box 26901, WP-3217, Oklahoma City, OK, 73126-0901, USA.
| | - Mary A Noffsinger
- Courtroom Sciences, Inc., 4950 North O'Connor Road, Suite 100, Irving, TX, 75062, USA
| | - Anne K Jacobs
- Terrorism and Disaster Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, P.O. Box 26901, WP-3217, Oklahoma City, OK, 73126-0901, USA
| | - Vandana Varma
- Kansas University School of Medicine, 1010 N. Kansas Street, Wichita, KS, 67214, USA
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Cadamuro A, Versari A, Vezzali L, Trifiletti E. Preventing the detrimental effect of posttraumatic stress in young children: The role of theory of mind in the aftermath of a natural disaster. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2015.1055240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Vezzali L, Cadamuro A, Versari A, Giovannini D, Trifiletti E. Feeling like a group after a natural disaster: Common ingroup identity and relations with outgroup victims among majority and minority young children. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 54:519-38. [PMID: 25330995 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a field study to test whether the common ingroup identity model (Gaertner & Dovidio, 2000, reducing intergroup bias: The common ingroup identity model. Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press) could be a useful tool to improve intergroup relations in the aftermath of a natural disaster. Participants were majority (Italian) and minority (immigrant) elementary school children (N = 517) living in the area struck by powerful earthquakes in May 2012. Results revealed that, among majority children, the perceived external threat represented by the earthquake was associated with greater perceptions of belonging to a common ingroup including both ingroup and outgroup. In turn, heightened one-group perceptions were associated with greater willingness to meet and help outgroup victims, both directly and indirectly via more positive outgroup attitudes. Among immigrant children, perceived disaster threat was not associated with any of the dependent variables; one-group perceptions were positively associated with outgroup attitudes, helping and contact intentions towards outgroup victims. Thus, one-group perceptions after a natural disaster may promote more positive and supporting relations between the majority and the minority group. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris Vezzali
- Department of Education and Humanities, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Alessia Cadamuro
- Department of Education and Humanities, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Annalisa Versari
- Department of Education and Humanities, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Dino Giovannini
- Department of Education and Humanities, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Elena Trifiletti
- Department of Philosophy, Education and Psychology, University of Verona, Italy
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