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Hossain MZ, Kitagawa J. Transient receptor potential channels as an emerging therapeutic target for oropharyngeal dysphagia. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2023; 59:421-430. [PMID: 38022386 PMCID: PMC10665593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oropharyngeal dysphagia is a serious health concern in older adults and patients with neurological disorders. Current oropharyngeal dysphagia management largely relies on compensatory strategies with limited efficacy. A long-term goal in swallowing/dysphagia-related research is the identification of pharmacological treatment strategies for oropharyngeal dysphagia. In recent decades, several pre-clinical and clinical studies have investigated the use of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels as a therapeutic target to facilitate swallowing. Various TRP channels are present in regions involved in the swallowing process. Animal studies have shown that local activation of these channels by their pharmacological agonists initiates swallowing reflexes; the number of reflexes increases when the dose of the agonist reaches a particular level. Clinical studies, including randomized clinical trials involving patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia, have demonstrated improved swallowing efficacy, safety, and physiology when TRP agonists are mixed with the food bolus. Additionally, there is evidence of plasticity development in swallowing-related neuronal networks in the brain upon TRP channel activation in peripheral swallowing-related regions. Thus, TRP channels have emerged as a promising target for the development of pharmacological treatments for oropharyngeal dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zakir Hossain
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
| | - Junichi Kitagawa
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
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Sato T, Yajima T, Saijyo S, Shimazaki K, Nishitani T, Hoshika T, Nishitani Y, Ichikawa H, Mizoguchi I, Fukunaga T. Distribution of alpha-synuclein in the rat cranial sensory ganglia, and oro-cervical regions. Ann Anat 2021; 238:151776. [PMID: 34082081 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha-synuclein (Syn), an unfolded soluble cytosolic protein, is known as a disease-associated protein in the brain. However, little is known about distribution of this protein in the peripheral nervous system. In this study, expression of Syn was investigated in the sensory ganglia of the cranial nerves V, IX and X. METHODS To analyze distribution of Syn and its co-expression with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), immunohistochemical techniques were used in the rat cranial sensory ganglia and their peripheral tissues. RESULTS Syn-immunoreactive (-ir) neurons were abundant in the sensory ganglia of the petrosal (56.7%), jugular (28.3%) and nodose ganglia (82.5%). These neurons had small to medium-sized cell bodies (petrosal, mean ± S.D. = 667.4 ± 310.8 μ m2; jugular, 625.1 ± 318.4 μ m2; nodose, 708.3 ± 248.3 μ m2), and were distributed throughout the ganglia. However, the trigeminal ganglion was mostly free of Syn-ir neurons. By double and triple immunofluorescence staining, Syn-ir neurons co-expressed CGRP and TRPV1 in the petrosal and jugular ganglia. Syn-immunoreactivity was expressed by nerve fibers in the epithelium and taste bud of oral and cervical viscerae. These nerve fibers were abundant in the naso-pharynx, epiglottis and laryngeal vestibule. Some taste bud cells were also immunoreactive for Syn. In addition, Syn-ir nerve fibers were detected in the vicinity of macrophages, dendritic cells and Langerhans cells. CONCLUSIONS Syn was abundant in the visceral sensory neurons but not in somatic sensory neurons. This protein may play a role in nociceptive and chemosensory transduction in the glossopharyngeal and vagal sensory ganglia. It is possible that Syn has a function about the immune mechanism of the upper air way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadasu Sato
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Takehiro Yajima
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shiori Saijyo
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Shimazaki
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomiko Nishitani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Research Field in Dentistry, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Hoshika
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Research Field in Dentistry, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishitani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Research Field in Dentistry, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ichikawa
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Itaru Mizoguchi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Fukunaga
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Improving brain power by applying a cool TRPM8 receptor agonist to the eyelid margin. Med Hypotheses 2020; 142:109747. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hossain MZ, Ando H, Unno S, Kitagawa J. Targeting Chemosensory Ion Channels in Peripheral Swallowing-Related Regions for the Management of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6214. [PMID: 32867366 PMCID: PMC7503421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oropharyngeal dysphagia, or difficulty in swallowing, is a major health problem that can lead to serious complications, such as pulmonary aspiration, malnutrition, dehydration, and pneumonia. The current clinical management of oropharyngeal dysphagia mainly focuses on compensatory strategies and swallowing exercises/maneuvers; however, studies have suggested their limited effectiveness for recovering swallowing physiology and for promoting neuroplasticity in swallowing-related neuronal networks. Several new and innovative strategies based on neurostimulation in peripheral and cortical swallowing-related regions have been investigated, and appear promising for the management of oropharyngeal dysphagia. The peripheral chemical neurostimulation strategy is one of the innovative strategies, and targets chemosensory ion channels expressed in peripheral swallowing-related regions. A considerable number of animal and human studies, including randomized clinical trials in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia, have reported improvements in the efficacy, safety, and physiology of swallowing using this strategy. There is also evidence that neuroplasticity is promoted in swallowing-related neuronal networks with this strategy. The targeting of chemosensory ion channels in peripheral swallowing-related regions may therefore be a promising pharmacological treatment strategy for the management of oropharyngeal dysphagia. In this review, we focus on this strategy, including its possible neurophysiological and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zakir Hossain
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Ando
- Department of Biology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara, Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan;
| | - Shumpei Unno
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan;
| | - Junichi Kitagawa
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan;
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Liu Y, Mikrani R, He Y, Faran Ashraf Baig MM, Abbas M, Naveed M, Tang M, Zhang Q, Li C, Zhou X. TRPM8 channels: A review of distribution and clinical role. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 882:173312. [PMID: 32610057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels are important therapeutic targets due to their plethoric involvement in physiological and pathological consequences. The transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8) is a nonselective cation channel that controls Ca2+ homeostasis. It has been proposed to be the predominant thermoreceptor for cellular and behavioral responses to cold stimuli in the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel subfamilies and exploited so far to reach the clinical-stage of drug development. TRPM8 channels can be found in multiple organs and tissues, regulating several important processes such as cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis, inflammatory reactions, immunomodulatory effects, pain, and vascular muscle tension. The related disorders have been expanded to new fields ranging from cancer and migraine to dry eye disease, pruritus, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and chronic cough. This review is aimed to summarize the distribution of TRPM8 and disorders related to it from a clinical perspective, so as to broaden the scope of knowledge of researchers to conduct more studies on this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Reyaj Mikrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Yanjun He
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Mirza Muhammad Faran Ashraf Baig
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Muhammad Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China
| | - Meng Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Cuican Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211198, PR China; Department of Surgery, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210017, PR China; Department of Surgery, Nanjing Shuiximen Hospital, Jiangsu Province, 210017, PR China.
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Atsumi K, Yajima T, Tachiya D, Kokubun S, Shoji N, Sasano T, Ichikawa H, Sato T. Sensory neurons in the human jugular ganglion. Tissue Cell 2020; 64:101344. [PMID: 32473709 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The jugular ganglion (JG) contains sensory neurons of the vagus nerve which innervate somatic and visceral structures in cranial and cervical regions. In this study, the number of sensory neurons in the human JG was investigated. And, the morphology of sensory neurons in the human JG and nodose ganglion (NG) was compared. The estimated number of JG neurons was 2721.8-9301.1 (average number of sensory neurons ± S.D. = 7975.1 ± 3312.8). There was no significant difference in sizes of the neuronal cell body and nucleus within the JG (cell body, 1128.8 ± 99.7 μ m2; nucleus, 127.7 ± 20.8 μ m2) and NG (cell body, 963.8 ± 225.7 μ m2; nucleus, 123.2 ± 32.3 μ m2). These findings indicate that most of sensory neurons show the similar morphology in the JG and NG. Our immunohistochemical method also demonstrated the distribution of ion channels, neurotransmitter agents and calcium-binding proteins in the human JG. Numerous JG neurons were immunoreactive for transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1, mean ± SD = 19.9 ± 11.5 %) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP, 28.4 ± 6.7 %). A moderate number of JG neurons contained TRPV2 (12.0 ± 4.7 %), substance P (SP, 15.7 ± 6.9 %) and secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine-like 1 (SPARCL1, 14.6 ± 7.4 %). A few JG neurons had vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2, 5.6 ± 2.9 %) and parvalbumin (PV, 2.3 ± 1.4 %). SP- and TRPV2-containing JG neurons had mainly small and medium-sized cell bodies, respectively. TRPV1- and VGLUT2- containing JG neurons were small to medium-sized. CGRP- and SPARCL1-containing JG neurons were of various cell body sizes. Sensory neurons in the human JG were mostly free of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). In the external auditory canal skin, subepithelial nerve fibers contained TRPV1, TRPV2, SP, CGRP and VGLUT2. Perivascular nerve fibers also had TRPV1, TRPV2, SP, CGRP, VIP, NPY and TH. However, PV- and SPARCL1-containing nerve endings could not be seen in the external auditory canal. It is likely that sensory neurons in the human JG can transduce nociceptive and mechanoreceptive information from the external auditory canal. Theses neurons may be also associated with neurogenic inflammation in the external auditory canal and ear-cough reflex through the vagus nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Atsumi
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takehiro Yajima
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tachiya
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Souichi Kokubun
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Noriaki Shoji
- Division of Oral Diagnosis, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takashi Sasano
- Division of Oral Diagnosis, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ichikawa
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tadasu Sato
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
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Hossain MZ, Ando H, Unno S, Masuda Y, Kitagawa J. Activation of TRPV1 and TRPM8 Channels in the Larynx and Associated Laryngopharyngeal Regions Facilitates the Swallowing Reflex. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E4113. [PMID: 30567389 PMCID: PMC6321618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The larynx and associated laryngopharyngeal regions are innervated by the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) and are highly reflexogenic. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels have recently been detected in SLN innervated regions; however, their involvement in the swallowing reflex has not been fully elucidated. Here, we explore the contribution of two TRP channels, TRPV1 and TRPM8, located in SLN-innervated regions to the swallowing reflex. Immunohistochemistry identified TRPV1 and TRPM8 on cell bodies of SLN afferents located in the nodose-petrosal-jugular ganglionic complex. The majority of TRPV1 and TRPM8 immunoreactivity was located on unmyelinated neurons. Topical application of different concentrations of TRPV1 and TRPM8 agonists modulated SLN activity. Application of the agonists evoked a significantly greater number of swallowing reflexes compared with the number evoked by distilled water. The interval between the reflexes evoked by the agonists was shorter than that produced by distilled water. Prior topical application of respective TRPV1 or TRPM8 antagonists significantly reduced the number of agonist-evoked reflexes. The findings suggest that the activation of TRPV1 and TRPM8 channels present in the swallowing-related regions can facilitate the evoking of swallowing reflex. Targeting the TRP channels could be a potential therapeutic strategy for the management of dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zakir Hossain
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Ando
- Department of Biology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara, Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan.
| | - Shumpei Unno
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan.
| | - Yuji Masuda
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara, Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan.
| | - Junichi Kitagawa
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan.
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Fujita S, Zama M, Kaneko K, Murayama S, Ohtani S, Usui M, Noma D, Tsuda H, Yamamoto K, Kobayashi M. Menthol-induced facilitation of cerebrocortical excitatory propagation induced by air puff stimulation of the nasal cavity in the rat: An optical imaging study. Neurosci Lett 2018; 696:87-92. [PMID: 30553866 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Temperature plays a critical role in the sensation of airflow in the nasal mucosa. Neural activities of the ethmoidal nerve, a trigeminal afferent, responding to airflow are suppressed by warm airflow, whereas cold airflow enhances the ethmoidal nerve activities, which is mimicked by application of menthol, a cold-sensitive TRPM8 receptor agonist. However, it has been an open issue how menthol modulates the spatiotemporal profiles of neural activities of somatosensory cortical neurons. In this study, we assessed neural responses to an air puff stimulation (100 ms) to the nasal cavity in the absence or presence of l-menthol using an optical imaging technique with a voltage-sensitive dye in the primary cortex (S1) of urethane-anesthetized rats. A weak air puff application (15 psi) without l-menthol induced neural excitation in a part of the contralateral S1. The air puff stimulation with l-menthol significantly increased the optical signal intensity, expanded the activated area, and shortened the latency, compared to those in the absence of l-menthol. These results suggest that activation of cold-sensitive TRPM8 receptors sharpens airflow sensation in the nasal cavity and expands the receptive field, especially toward the pharynx, which may contribute to enhanced flavor perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Fujita
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; Division of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan.
| | - Manabu Zama
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kaneko
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Shota Murayama
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Saori Ohtani
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Midori Usui
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Daichi Noma
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tsuda
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; Division of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; Division of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; Molecular Dynamics Imaging Unit, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
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Magara J, Watanabe M, Tsujimura T, Hamdy S, Inoue M. Cold thermal oral stimulation produces immediate excitability in human pharyngeal motor cortex. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:e13384. [PMID: 29856098 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current strategies of swallowing therapy include facilitation of swallowing initiation by sensory modulation. Although thermal tactile oral stimulation is a common method to treat dysphagic patients to improve swallowing movement, little is known about the possible mechanisms. This study is aimed to investigate whether thermal oral (tongue) stimulation can modulate the cortico-pharyngeal neural motor pathway in humans. METHODS Eighteen healthy volunteers participated and were intubated with an intraluminal catheter for recording pharyngeal electromyography. Each participant underwent baseline transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) cortico-pharyngeal motor evoked potential (MEP) measurements bilaterally. MEPs were then measured during thermal stimulation over the dorsal tongue, applied using the Peltier device at three different temperatures; 45°C, 37°C, and 15°C, in a pre-ordered manner. Each of the three temperatures was given twice with a 5-min resting time between each trial. Averaged MEP amplitude changes were analyzed using ANOVA and post-hoc t-tests. KEY RESULTS Two-way repeated measures ANOVA with factors of Temperature × Trial in amplitude of MEP demonstrated a significant effect of Temperature both in the stronger (F2,34 = 5.775, P = .007) and weaker (F2,34 = 4.771, P = .017) pharyngeal hemispheres. Subsequent post-hoc tests showed the significant increase in pharyngeal MEPs at 15° compared to 37° in both hemispheres (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Cold oral stimulation was able to induce significant changes in pharyngeal cortical excitability, demonstrating evidence for a sensorimotor interaction between oral and pharyngeal cortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Magara
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - M Watanabe
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - T Tsujimura
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - S Hamdy
- GI Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, MAHSC, Salford, UK
| | - M Inoue
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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Alvarez-Berdugo D, Rofes L, Casamitjana JF, Padrón A, Quer M, Clavé P. Oropharyngeal and laryngeal sensory innervation in the pathophysiology of swallowing disorders and sensory stimulation treatments. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1380:104-120. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alvarez-Berdugo
- Gastrointestinal Motility Laboratory, Hospital de Mataró; Consorci Sanitari del Maresme; Mataró Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Barcelona Spain
| | - Laia Rofes
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Barcelona Spain
| | | | - Andreína Padrón
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Mataró; Consorci Sanitari del Maresme; Mataró Spain
| | - Miquel Quer
- ENT and Cervicofacial Pathology Department of Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Barcelona Spain
| | - Pere Clavé
- Gastrointestinal Motility Laboratory, Hospital de Mataró; Consorci Sanitari del Maresme; Mataró Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Barcelona Spain
- Fundació Institut de Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol; Badalona Spain
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Otake M, Kurose M, Uchida Y, Hasegawa M, Yamada Y, Saito I, Yamamura K. The interactions between different tastes on initiation of reflex swallow elicited by electrical stimulation in humans. Odontology 2015; 104:282-90. [PMID: 26702624 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-015-0226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The act of eating is a source of pleasure for people and is a major factor in maintaining a good quality of life. Several types of products for dysphagia patients are available to decrease aspiration of food that often accompanies daily food intake. The final goal of these products is to improve the ease of forming a food bolus and/or the safety of the swallowing process; however, tastes of products are not a major concern with initiation of swallowing. In the present study, we investigated the effect of bitter taste stimuli (quinine) and the combination of quinine and umami (monosodium glutamate: MSG) applied to the oropharynx on reflex swallows evoked by electrical stimulation to the oropharyngeal mucosa. Each of the distilled water (DW), quinine and quinine-MSG mixture solution (volume of each solutions, 100 µl) was applied 1 s prior to electrical stimulation. No swallow was evoked when each of the solutions was applied without electrical stimulation. The application of DW and lower concentration of quinine (<100 µM) did not affect the latency of reflex swallow, but 100 µM quinine application increased the latency of the reflex swallow. In addition, application of quinine-MSG mixture solution counteracted the increase in latency induced by quinine application alone. These findings suggest that MSG enhances the initiation of swallowing along with its well-known increase in appetite stimulation. Adding MSG might be effective when creating food to promote swallowing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Otake
- Division of Oral Physiology, Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.,Division of Orthodontics, Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kurose
- Division of Oral Physiology, Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.
| | | | - Mana Hasegawa
- Division of Oral Physiology, Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | | | - Isao Saito
- Division of Orthodontics, Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kensuke Yamamura
- Division of Oral Physiology, Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
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12
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Yajima T, Sato T, Hosokawa H, Kondo T, Saito M, Shimauchi H, Ichikawa H. Distribution of transient receptor potential melastatin-8-containing nerve fibers in rat oral and craniofacial structures. Ann Anat 2015; 201:1-5. [PMID: 25978347 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential melastatin-8 (TRPM8) is a cold and menthol receptor located in the sensory ganglia. Immunohistochemistry for TRPM8 was performed on oral and craniofacial structures of the rat. TRPM8-immunoreactive (-IR) nerve fibers were detected in the oral mucous membrane. In the gingiva, TRPM8-IR nerve fibers were abundant beneath and within crestal and outer epithelia. Such nerve fibers were also common beneath and within taste buds in the incisive papilla. In addition, TRPM8-immunoreactivity was expressed by some taste bud cells in the papilla. Lips, periodontal ligaments and salivary glands as well as masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joints were mostly devoid of TRPM8-IR nerve fibers. A double immunofluorescence study indicated different distribution patterns of nerve fibers containing TRPM8 and calcitonin gene-related peptide in oral and craniofacial tissues. Retrograde tracing method also indicated that TRPM8-IR nerve fibers in the gingiva and incisive papilla originate from small sensory neurons in the trigeminal ganglion. TRPM8 may be associated with cool, cold nociceptive (<around 25°C) and chemoreceptive transmission in the oral mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Yajima
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tadasu Sato
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Hosokawa
- Division of Biological Information, Department of Intelligence Science and Technology, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Teruyoshi Kondo
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare School of Health Science, 1714-1 Yoshino-machi, Nobeoka 882-8508, Japan
| | - Masahiro Saito
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Shimauchi
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ichikawa
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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13
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Liu BY, Lin YJ, Lee HF, Ho CY, Ruan T, Kou YR. Menthol suppresses laryngeal C-fiber hypersensitivity to cigarette smoke in a rat model of gastroesophageal reflux disease: the role of TRPM8. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 118:635-45. [PMID: 25539933 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00717.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) display enhanced laryngeal reflex reactivity to stimuli that may be due to sensitization of the laryngeal C-fibers by acid and pepsin. Menthol, a ligand of transient receptor potential melastatin-8 (TRPM8), relieves throat irritation. However, the possibility that GERD induces laryngeal C-fiber hypersensitivity to cigarette smoke (CS) and that menthol suppresses this event has not been investigated. We delivered CS into functionally isolated larynxes of 160 anesthetized rats. Laryngeal pH 5-pepsin treatment, but not pH 5-denatured pepsin, augmented the apneic response to CS, which was blocked by denervation or perineural capsaicin treatment (a procedure that blocks the conduction of C fibers) of the superior laryngeal nerves. This augmented apnea was partially attenuated by capsazepine [an transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist], SB-366791 (a TRPV1 antagonist), and HC030031 [a transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) antagonist] and was completely prevented by a combination of TRPV1 and TRPA1 antagonists. Local application of menthol significantly suppressed the augmented apnea and this effect was reversed by pretreatment with AMTB (a TRPM8 antagonist). Our electrophysiological studies consistently revealed that laryngeal pH 5-pepsin treatment increased the sensitivity of laryngeal C-fibers to CS. Likewise, menthol suppressed this laryngeal C-fiber hypersensitivity and its effect could be reversed by pretreatment with AMTB. Our results suggest that laryngeal pH 5-pepsin treatment increases sensitivity to CS of both TRPV1 and TRPA1, which are presumably located at the terminals of laryngeal C-fibers. This sensory sensitization leads to enhanced laryngeal reflex reactivity and augmentation of the laryngeal C-fiber responses to CS, which can be suppressed by menthol acting via TRPM8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Yu Liu
- Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jung Lin
- Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Fu Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yin Ho
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; and
| | - Ting Ruan
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu Ru Kou
- Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan;
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Abstract
TRP channels are expressed in taste buds, nerve fibers, and keratinocytes in the oronasal cavity. These channels play integral roles in transducing chemical stimuli, giving rise to sensations of taste, irritation, warmth, coolness, and pungency. Specifically, TRPM5 acts downstream of taste receptors in the taste transduction pathway. TRPM5 channels convert taste-evoked intracellular Ca(2+) release into membrane depolarization to trigger taste transmitter secretion. PKD2L1 is expressed in acid-sensitive (sour) taste bud cells but is unlikely to be the transducer for sour taste. TRPV1 is a receptor for pungent chemical stimuli such as capsaicin and for several irritants (chemesthesis). It is controversial whether TRPV1 is present in the taste buds and plays a direct role in taste. Instead, TRPV1 is expressed in non-gustatory sensory afferent fibers and in keratinocytes of the oronasal cavity. In many sensory fibers and epithelial cells lining the oronasal cavity, TRPA1 is also co-expressed with TRPV1. As with TRPV1, TRPA1 transduces a wide variety of irritants and, in combination with TRPV1, assures that there is a broad response to noxious chemical stimuli. Other TRP channels, including TRPM8, TRPV3, and TRPV4, play less prominent roles in chemesthesis and no known role in taste, per se. The pungency of foods and beverages is likely highly influenced by the temperature at which they are consumed, their acidity, and, for beverages, their carbonation. All these factors modulate the activity of TRP channels in taste buds and in the oronasal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Roper
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Ave., Miami, FL, 33136, USA,
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Suzuki T, Sato T, Kano M, Ichikawa H. The distribution of galanin-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the rat pharynx. Neuropeptides 2013; 47:231-6. [PMID: 23731834 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Galanin (GAL) consists of a chain of 29/30 amino acids which is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems. In this study, the distribution of GAL-immunoreactive (-IR) nerve fibers was examined in the rat pharynx and its adjacent regions. GAL-IR nerve fibers were located beneath the epithelium and taste bud-like structure of the pharynx, epiglottis, soft palate and larynx. These nerve fibers were abundant in the laryngeal part of the pharynx, and were rare in other regions. Mucous glands were mostly devoid of GAL-IR nerve fibers. In the musculature of pharyngeal constrictor muscles, many GAL-IR nerve fibers were also located around small blood vessels. However, intrinsic laryngeal muscles contained only a few GAL-IR nerve fibers. The double immunofluorescence method demonstrated that the distribution pattern of GAL-IR nerve fibers was partly similar to that of calcitonin gene-related peptide-IR nerve fibers in the pharyngeal mucosa and muscles. The present findings suggest that the pharynx is one of main targets of GAL-containing nerves in the upper digestive and respiratory systems. These nerves may have sensory and autonomic origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Suzuki
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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16
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Sasaki R, Sato T, Yajima T, Kano M, Suzuki T, Ichikawa H. The distribution of TRPV1 and TRPV2 in the rat pharynx. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2013; 33:707-14. [PMID: 23584686 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-013-9938-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry for two nociceptive transducers, the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V members 1 (TRPV1) and 2 (TRPV2), was performed on the pharynx and its adjacent regions. TRPV1-immunoreactivity (IR) was detected in nerve fibers beneath and within the epithelium and/or taste bud-like structure. In the pharynx, these nerve fibers were abundant in the naso-oral part and at the border region of naso-oral and laryngeal parts. They were also numerous on the laryngeal side of the epiglottis and in the soft palate. TRPV2-IR was expressed by dendritic cells in the pharynx and epiglottis, as well as in the root of the tongue and soft palate. These cells were located in the epithelium and lamina propria. TRPV2-immunoreactive (IR) dendritic cells were numerous in the naso-oral part of the pharynx, epiglottis, and tongue. Abundance of TRPV2-IR dendritic processes usually obscured the presence of TRPV2-IR nerve fibers in these portions. However, some TRPV2-IR nerve fibers could be observed in the epithelium of the soft palate. Retrograde tracing method also revealed that sensory neurons which innervate the pharynx or soft palate were abundant in the jugular-petrosal ganglion complex and relatively rare in the nodose ganglion. In the jugular-petrosal ganglion complex, TRPV1- and TRPV2-IR were expressed by one-third of pharyngeal and soft palate neurons. TRPV2-IR was also detected in 11.5 % pharyngeal and 30.9 % soft palate neurons in the complex. Coexpression of TRPV1 and CGRP was frequent among pharyngeal and soft palate neurons. The present study suggests that TRPV1- and TRPV2-IR jugular-petrosal neurons may be associated with the regulation of the swallowing reflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Sasaki
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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