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Giri A, Mehan S, Khan Z, Das Gupta G, Narula AS, Kalfin R. Modulation of neural circuits by melatonin in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:3867-3895. [PMID: 38225412 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02939-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders are two broad categories of neurological disorders characterized by progressive impairments in movement and cognitive functions within the central and peripheral nervous systems, and have emerged as a significant cause of mortality. Oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neurotransmitter imbalances are recognized as prominent pathogenic factors contributing to cognitive deficits and neurobehavioral anomalies. Consequently, preventing neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases has surfaced as a pivotal challenge in contemporary public health. This review explores the investigation of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders using both synthetic and natural bioactive compounds. A central focus lies on melatonin, a neuroregulatory hormone secreted by the pineal gland in response to light-dark cycles. Melatonin, an amphiphilic molecule, assumes multifaceted roles, including scavenging free radicals, modulating energy metabolism, and synchronizing circadian rhythms. Noteworthy for its robust antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties, melatonin exhibits diverse neuroprotective effects. The inherent attributes of melatonin position it as a potential key player in the pathophysiology of neurological disorders. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated melatonin's efficacy in alleviating neuropathological symptoms across neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric conditions (depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorder). The documented neuroprotective prowess of melatonin introduces novel therapeutic avenues for addressing neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. This comprehensive review encompasses many of melatonin's applications in treating diverse brain disorders. Despite the strides made, realizing melatonin's full neuroprotective potential necessitates further rigorous clinical investigations. By unravelling the extended neuroprotective benefits of melatonin, future studies promise to deepen our understanding and augment the therapeutic implications against neurological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Giri
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy Moga, Punjab, India.
- IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India.
| | - Zuber Khan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy Moga, Punjab, India
- IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India
| | | | - Acharan S Narula
- Narula Research, LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Reni Kalfin
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Block 23, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
- Department of Healthcare, South-West University "NeofitRilski", Ivan Mihailov St. 66, Blagoevgrad, 2700, Bulgaria
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Razmaray H, Nasiri E, Vakilipour P, Morsali S, Moradi A, Ebrahimian A, Rashidi S, Mosaddeghi-Heris R, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Naseri A. The effects of melatonin supplementation on neurobehavioral outcomes and clinical severity in rodent models of multiple sclerosis; a systematic review and meta-analysis. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:927-944. [PMID: 38252220 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Through the antioxidant and anti-inflammation pathways, melatonin is proposed as a safe and effective intervention in neurological diseases. This study aims to evaluate the effects of melatonin supplementation on the neurobehavioral and clinical outcomes in animal models of multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS This study was conducted following the PRISMA statement. Animal studies that reported the effects of melatonin in preclinical MS models, including the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and cuprizone model for demyelination are included in this study. A systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus up was conducted in April 2023. The collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Experimental Studies (CAMARADES) critical appraisal tool was used for the quality assessment of the studies and the quantitative synthetizes were conducted using the comprehensive meta-analysis software. RESULTS Out of 542 studies, finally 21 studies, including 14 studies in the EAE model and 7 studies of the toxic demyelination method with cuprizone were included. The route of administration was intraperitoneal in 18 studies, oral in 2 studies, and subcutaneous in 1 study. The quantitative synthesis of the EAE clinical severity scale was associated with significant differences (standardized mean difference [SDM]: - 2.52; - 3.61 to - 1.42; p value < 0.01). In subgroup analyses, the difference was statistically significant in the mouse subgroup (SMD: - 2.60; - 3.74 to - 1.46; p value < 0.01). DISCUSSION This study encountered that melatonin may be associated with improved behavioral and cognitive outcomes of preclinical models of MS with acceptable safety profiles. FUNDING The research was supported by the Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (grant number: 71005).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Razmaray
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, 5166/15731, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Ehsan Nasiri
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, 5166/15731, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Pouya Vakilipour
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, 5166/15731, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Soroush Morsali
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, 5166/15731, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Afshin Moradi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, 5166/15731, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Asal Ebrahimian
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, 5166/15731, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Sahel Rashidi
- Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Reza Mosaddeghi-Heris
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, 5166/614756, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, 5166/614756, East Azerbaijan, Iran.
| | - Amirreza Naseri
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, 5166/15731, East Azerbaijan, Iran.
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Center of Excellence, Iranian EBM Centre: A Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Tabriz USERN Office, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tabriz, Iran.
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Ghareghani M, Pons V, Laflamme N, Zibara K, Rivest S. Inhibiting nighttime melatonin and boosting cortisol increase patrolling monocytes, phagocytosis, and myelination in a murine model of multiple sclerosis. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:215-227. [PMID: 36635431 PMCID: PMC9898548 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Conflicting results on melatonin synthesis in multiple sclerosis (MS) have been reported due to variabilities in patient lifestyles, which are not considered when supplementing melatonin. Since melatonin acts through its receptors, we identified melatonin receptors in oligodendrocytes (OLs) in the corpus callosum, where demyelination occurs; the subventricular zone, where neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) are located; and the choroid plexus, which functions as a blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Moreover, using chimeric mice, resident macrophages were found to express melatonin receptors, whereas bone marrow-derived macrophages lost this expression in the demyelinated brain. Next, we showed that cuprizone-fed mice, which is an MS model, tended to have increased melatonin levels. While we used different approaches to alter the circadian rhythm of melatonin and cortisol, only the constant light approach increased NSPC proliferation and differentiation to oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), OPCs maturation to OLs and recruitment to the site of demyelination, the number of patrolling monocytes, and phagocytosis. In contrast, constant darkness and exogenous melatonin exacerbated these events and amplified monocyte infiltration. Therefore, melatonin should not be considered a universal remedy, as is currently claimed. Our data emphasize the importance of monitoring melatonin/cortisol oscillations in each MS patient by considering diet and lifestyle to avoid melatonin overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ghareghani
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Neuroscience Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, 2705 Laurier Boul., Québec City, QC G1V 4G2 Canada
| | - Vincent Pons
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Neuroscience Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, 2705 Laurier Boul., Québec City, QC G1V 4G2 Canada
| | - Nataly Laflamme
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Neuroscience Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, 2705 Laurier Boul., Québec City, QC G1V 4G2 Canada
| | - Kazem Zibara
- grid.411324.10000 0001 2324 3572PRASE and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Serge Rivest
- Neuroscience Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, 2705 Laurier Boul., Québec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
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Mabrouk M, El Ayed M, Démosthènes A, Aissouni Y, Aouani E, Daulhac-Terrail L, Mokni M, Bégou M. Antioxidant effect of grape seed extract corrects experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis behavioral dysfunctions, demyelination, and glial activation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:960355. [PMID: 36059517 PMCID: PMC9428676 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.960355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Multiple sclerosis (MS), a multifactorial autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), is characterized by demyelination and chronic inflammation, as well as axonal and neuronal loss. There is no cure for MS, and despite a significant improvement in the therapeutic management of patients during the last 20 years, some symptoms are still resistant to treatment, and the evolution of the disease to progressive form seems still ineluctable. The etiology of MS is complex and still not fully understood. However, inflammation is a major driver of physiopathology and oxidative stress contributes to CNS lesions and promotes existing inflammatory response. Plant polyphenols are endowed with many therapeutic benefits through alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation, thus providing neuroprotection in MS. We presently evaluated the curative effect of grape seed extract (GSE) in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS. Experimental approach Six-week-old C57Bl/6J females were subjected to the EAE paradigm (using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide fragment (35-55), complete Freund’s adjuvant, and pertussis toxin) and then chronically treated with GSE from day 10 to day 30 post-induction. Clinical score and body weight were monitored daily, while evaluation of sensitive, motor, cognitive, and anxiety-related behaviors was performed weekly. Then, the GSE effect was evaluated on whole brain and spinal cord samples through the evaluation of oxidative stress damage, antioxidant capacities, myelin alteration, astroglial and microglial proliferation, and sirtuin expression. Key results Grape seed extract curative chronic treatment corrected the clinical course of EAE, as well as the mechanical hypersensitivity, and avoided the development of EAE mouse thermal cold allodynia. The neuropathological evaluation showed that GSE reduced oxidative stress in the brain and spinal cord by decreasing the lipid and protein oxidation through correction of the three main antioxidant enzyme activities, namely, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, as well as restoring normal myelin protein expression and correcting microglial and astroglial protein overexpression and sirtuin downregulation. Conclusion and implications These data strongly support GSE as an effective therapeutic approach in MS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Mabrouk
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM 1107, Neuro-Dol, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Faculté de Pharmacie, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de substances bioactives, Centre de Biotechnologie, Technopole de Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis (FST), Université de Tunis el Manar (UTM), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed El Ayed
- Laboratoire de substances bioactives, Centre de Biotechnologie, Technopole de Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis (FST), Université de Tunis el Manar (UTM), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amélie Démosthènes
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM 1107, Neuro-Dol, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Faculté de Pharmacie, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Youssef Aissouni
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM 1107, Neuro-Dol, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Faculté de Pharmacie, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ezzedine Aouani
- Laboratoire de substances bioactives, Centre de Biotechnologie, Technopole de Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis (FST), Université de Tunis el Manar (UTM), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Laurence Daulhac-Terrail
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM 1107, Neuro-Dol, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Faculté de Pharmacie, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Meherzia Mokni
- Laboratoire de substances bioactives, Centre de Biotechnologie, Technopole de Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis (FST), Université de Tunis el Manar (UTM), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mélina Bégou
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM 1107, Neuro-Dol, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Faculté de Pharmacie, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- *Correspondence: Mélina Bégou,
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Tecellioğlu M, Türkmen NB, Ciftçi O, Taşlıdere A, Ekmekyapar T, Yüce H, Öztanır MN, Özcan C. The Beneficial Effects of Resveratrol on Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) in C57BL/6J Mouse Model. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ghareghani M, Farhadi Z, Rivest S, Zibara K. PDK4 Inhibition Ameliorates Melatonin Therapy by Modulating Cerebral Metabolism and Remyelination in an EAE Demyelinating Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:862316. [PMID: 35355991 PMCID: PMC8959827 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.862316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently showed that melatonin ameliorates the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. However, efficiency of melatonin therapy was associated with side effects, manifested by slowing down of remyelination, through increasing the inhibitory effects of brain pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK-4) on pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), a key enzyme in fatty acid (FA) synthesis during remyelination. In this study, we investigated the metabolic profile of FA synthesis using combination therapy of melatonin and diisopropylamine dichloroacetate (DADA), a PDK4 inhibitor, in EAE mice. Disease progression was monitored by recording the disability scores. Immunological, oligodendrogenesis and metabolic factors were also evaluated. Results showed that combination therapy of melatonin and DADA significantly reduced EAE disability scores, compared to melatonin, whereas DADA alone did not have any effect. In addition, co-therapy inhibited pro-inflammatory while increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines, significantly better than melatonin alone. Moreover, administration of combination drugs recovered the declined expression of oligodendrocytic markers in EAE, more potently than melatonin. Furthermore, co-therapy affected cerebral energy metabolism by significantly reducing lactate levels while increasing N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme-A reductase (HMGCR) levels. Finally, while melatonin increased lactate and PDK4 expression levels and greatly reduced PDC activity, co-therapy significantly restored PDC function while reducing the lactate levels. In summary, administration of melatonin with DADA increased the efficiency of melatonin treatment by eliminating the inhibitory effects of PDK4 on PDC’s function, a critical step for proper FA synthesis during remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ghareghani
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Zahra Farhadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Serge Rivest
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Kazem Zibara
- PRASE and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Zhang N, Cui Y, Li Y, Mi Y. A Novel Role of Nogo Proteins: Regulating Macrophages in Inflammatory Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2439-2448. [PMID: 34224050 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01124-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nogo proteins, also known as Reticulon-4, have been identified as myelin-derived inhibitors of neurite outgrowth in the central nervous system (CNS). There are three Nogo variants, Nogo-A, Nogo-B and Nogo-C. Recent studies have shown that Nogo-A/B is abundant in macrophages and may have a wider effect on inflammation. In this review, we focus mainly on the possible roles of Nogo-A/B on polarization and recruitment of macrophages and their involvement in a variety of inflammatory diseases. We then discuss the Nogo receptor1 (NgR1), a common receptor for Nogo proteins that is also abundant in microglia/macrophage in the CNS. Interaction of Nogo and NgR1 in microglia/macrophage may affect the adhesion and polarization of macrophages that are involved in multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. Overall, this review provides insights into the roles of Nogo proteins in regulating macrophage functions and suggests that, potentially, Nogo proteins maybe a new target in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xin-Wang Street #1, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cui
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xin-Wang Street #1, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xin-Wang Street #1, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yajing Mi
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xin-Wang Street #1, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China.
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8
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Ghareghani M, Ghanbari A, Eid A, Shaito A, Mohamed W, Mondello S, Zibara K. Hormones in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal models. Transl Neurosci 2021; 12:164-189. [PMID: 34046214 PMCID: PMC8134801 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which activated immune cells attack the CNS and cause inflammation and demyelination. While the etiology of MS is still largely unknown, the interaction between hormones and the immune system plays a role in disease progression, but the mechanisms by which this occurs are incompletely understood. Several in vitro and in vivo experimental, but also clinical studies, have addressed the possible role of the endocrine system in susceptibility and severity of autoimmune diseases. Although there are several demyelinating models, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the oldest and most commonly used model for MS in laboratory animals which enables researchers to translate their findings from EAE into human. Evidences imply that there is great heterogeneity in the susceptibility to the induction, the method of induction, and the response to various immunological or pharmacological interventions, which led to conflicting results on the role of specific hormones in the EAE model. In this review, we address the role of endocrine system in EAE model to provide a comprehensive view and a better understanding of the interactions between the endocrine and the immune systems in various models of EAE, to open up a ground for further detailed studies in this field by considering and comparing the results and models used in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ghareghani
- Neuroscience Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Amir Ghanbari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Ali Eid
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdullah Shaito
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wael Mohamed
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Menoufia Medical School, Menoufia University, Shibin Al Kawm, Egypt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Kazem Zibara
- PRASE, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences – I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Dmitrzak-Weglarz M, Banach E, Bilska K, Narozna B, Szczepankiewicz A, Reszka E, Jablonska E, Kapelski P, Skibinska M, Pawlak J. Molecular Regulation of the Melatonin Biosynthesis Pathway in Unipolar and Bipolar Depression. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:666541. [PMID: 33981243 PMCID: PMC8107693 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.666541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a neurohormone that maintains the circadian rhythms of the body. By regulating the secretion of other hormones and neurotransmitters, it acts as a pleiotropic modulator that affects, for example, reproductive, immune, cardiovascular, sleep, and wake systems and mood. Thus, synthetic melatonin has become an essential component in the treatment of depressive disorders. Although we know the pathway of melatonin action in the brain, we lack comprehensive cross-sectional studies on the periphery of depressed patients. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the differences between healthy control subjects (n = 84) and unipolar and bipolar depression patients (n = 94), including an analysis of the melatonin pathway at the level of the genes and serum biomarkers. An innovative approach is a pilot study based on gene expression profiling carried out on clinical and cell culture models using agomelatine and melatonin. We confirmed the melatonin biosynthesis pathway's molecular regulation dysfunctions, with a specific pattern for unipolar and bipolar depression, at the AANAT gene, its polymorphisms (rs8150 and rs3760138), and examined the serum biomarkers (serotonin, AANAT, ASMT, and melatonin). The biological pathway analysis uncovered pathways and genes that were uniquely altered after agomelatine treatment in a clinical model and melatonin treatment in a cell culture model. In both models, we confirmed the immunomodulatory effect of melatonin agents in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Banach
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Bilska
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Beata Narozna
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szczepankiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Edyta Reszka
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Jablonska
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Kapelski
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maria Skibinska
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Pawlak
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Chang T, Niu C, Sun C, Ma Y, Guo R, Ruan Z, Gao Y, Lu X, Li H, Lin Y, Lin J, Li Z. Melatonin exerts immunoregulatory effects by balancing peripheral effector and regulatory T helper cells in myasthenia gravis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:21147-21160. [PMID: 33136553 PMCID: PMC7695404 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a prototypic organ-specific autoimmune disorder that, in most cases, is mainly mediated by antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor. Evidence implicates CD4+ T helper (Th) cells in the development of MG, whereas regulatory T cells (Tregs) are associated with disease resolution. Melatonin has important immunoregulatory effects in many T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. However, there are few studies on the role of melatonin in MG. In the present study, we investigated serum melatonin levels and melatonin receptor expression in MG patients and healthy controls (HCs). We also evaluated the impact of melatonin administration on peripheral CD4+ Th cells and related cytokine production. Serum melatonin levels were lower in MG patients than in HCs, and MT1 expression was lower in PBMCs from MG patients than in those from HCs. Administration of melatonin significantly decreased Th1 and Th17 cell responses and proinflammatory cytokine production. Further investigation in vitro revealed that melatonin administration increased FoxP3 and IL-10 expression in CD4+ T cells from MG patients and enhanced the suppressive function of Tregs. These findings indicate that melatonin exerts immunoregulatory activity in MG by balancing effector and regulatory Th cell populations as well as by suppressing proinflammatory cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chang
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Chunxiao Niu
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Immunology, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Rongjing Guo
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Ruan
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yanwu Gao
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodan Lu
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Ye Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jiaji Lin
- Medical Corp in Unit 93246 of PLA, Changchun, Jilin Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhuyi Li
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
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11
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Wieters F, Weiss Lucas C, Gruhn M, Büschges A, Fink GR, Aswendt M. Introduction to spasticity and related mouse models. Exp Neurol 2020; 335:113491. [PMID: 33007294 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although spasticity is one of the most common causes of motor disability worldwide, its precise definition and pathophysiology remain elusive, which to date renders its experimental targeting tricky. At least in part, this difficulty is caused by heterogeneous phenotypes of spasticity-causing neurological disorders, all causing spasticity by involving upper motor neurons. The most common clinical symptoms are a series of rapid muscle contractions (clonus), an increased muscle tone (hypertonia), and augmented tendon reflex activity (hyperreflexia). This muscle overactivity is due to disturbed inhibition of spinal reflexes following upper motor neuron dysfunction. Despite a range of physical and pharmacological therapies ameliorating the symptoms, their targeted application remains difficult. Therefore, to date, spasticity impacts rehabilitative therapy, and no therapy exists that reverses the pathology completely. In contrast to the incidence and importance of spasticity, only very little pre-clinical work in animal models exists, and this research is focused on the cat or the rat spastic tail model to decipher altered reflexes and excitability of the motor neurons in the spinal cord. Meanwhile, the characterization of spasticity in clinically more relevant mouse models of neurological disorders, such as stroke, remains understudied. Here, we provide a brief introduction into the clinical knowledge and therapy of spasticity and an in-depth review of pre-clinical studies of spasticity in mice including the current experimental challenges for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederique Wieters
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Carolin Weiss Lucas
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Center of Neurosurgery, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Gruhn
- Department for Animal Physiology, Institute for Zoology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne
| | - Ansgar Büschges
- Department for Animal Physiology, Institute for Zoology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne
| | - Gereon R Fink
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany; Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Juelich, Germany
| | - Markus Aswendt
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany; Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Juelich, Germany.
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12
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Skarlis C, Anagnostouli M. The role of melatonin in Multiple Sclerosis. Neurol Sci 2019; 41:769-781. [PMID: 31845043 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-04137-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a neurohormone mainly produced by the pineal gland following a circadian rhythm. It is characterized as a pleiotropic factor because it not only regulates the wake-sleep rhythm but also exerts antinociceptive, antidepressant, anxiolytic, and immunomodulating properties. Recent studies suggest that dysregulation of melatonin secretion is associated with the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases, such as, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is an autoimmune disorder characterized by an abnormal immune response directed against the myelin sheath in the central nervous system, demyelination, oligodendrocyte death, and axonal degeneration. Recent evidence reveals that melatonin secretion is dysregulated in MS patients, suggesting that melatonin could be a potential target for therapeutic intervention. Here, we summarize the available literature regarding the role of melatonin in immune processes relevant for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), MS, and the current clinical trials of melatonin supplementation in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Skarlis
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, 1st Department of Neurology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aeginition Hospital, Vas. Sophias, 74, 115 28, Athens, Greece.
| | - Maria Anagnostouli
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, 1st Department of Neurology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aeginition Hospital, Vas. Sophias, 74, 115 28, Athens, Greece. .,Demyelinating Diseases Clinic, 1st Department of Neurology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aeginition Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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13
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Abo Taleb HA, Alghamdi BS. Neuroprotective Effects of Melatonin during Demyelination and Remyelination Stages in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 70:386-402. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01425-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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14
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Melatonin and Multiple Sclerosis: From Plausible Neuropharmacological Mechanisms of Action to Experimental and Clinical Evidence. Clin Drug Investig 2019; 39:607-624. [PMID: 31054087 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-019-00793-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a devastating chronic autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), thought to affect more than 2.5 million people worldwide. Regulation of the sleep-wake cycle might influence disease activity and the frequency of relapses in patients. As melatonin (or sleep hormone) involves the regulation of circadian rhythms, much attention has been paid to the management of MS symptoms with melatonin. This review describes the pharmacological mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of melatonin and recent clinical evidence from MS patients. Apparent risks and benefits of melatonin therapies are also discussed. Various in vivo and clinical data presented in this up-to-date review suggest that melatonin may possibly possess a protective role against the behavioral deficits and neuropathological characteristics of MS. Multiple mechanisms of the neuroprotective effects of melatonin such as mitochondrial protection and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties, as well as its anti-demyelinating function are also discussed. A large body of evidence shows that melatonin potently regulates the immune system, demyelination, free radical generation, and inflammatory responses in neural tissue, which are mediated by multiple signal transduction cascades. In the present article, we focus on different pathways that are targeted by melatonin to prevent the development and progression of MS.
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15
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Ghareghani M, Scavo L, Jand Y, Farhadi N, Sadeghi H, Ghanbari A, Mondello S, Arnoult D, Gharaghani S, Zibara K. Melatonin Therapy Modulates Cerebral Metabolism and Enhances Remyelination by Increasing PDK4 in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:147. [PMID: 30873027 PMCID: PMC6403148 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disturbances have been implicated in demyelinating diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS). Melatonin, a naturally occurring hormone, has emerged as a potent neuroprotective candidate to reduce myelin loss and improve MS outcomes. In this study, we evaluated the effect of melatonin, at both physiological and pharmacological doses, on oligodendrocytes metabolism in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS. Results showed that melatonin decreased neurological disability scores and enhanced remyelination, significantly increasing myelin protein levels including MBP, MOG, and MOBP. In addition, melatonin attenuated inflammation by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). Moreover, melatonin significantly increased brain concentrations of lactate, N-acetylaspartate (NAA), and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme-A reductase (HMGCR). Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK-4) mRNA and protein expression levels were also increased in melatonin-treated, compared to untreated EAE mice. However, melatonin significantly inhibited active and total pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), an enzyme under the control of PDK4. In summary, although PDC activity was reduced by melatonin, it caused a reduction in inflammatory mediators while stimulating oligodendrogenesis, suggesting that oligodendrocytes are forced to use an alternative pathway to synthesize fatty acids for remyelination. We propose that combining melatonin and PDK inhibitors may provide greater benefits for MS patients than the use of melatonin therapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ghareghani
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Linda Scavo
- Platform of Research and Analysis in Sciences and Environment (PRASE), Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,INSERM U 1197, Laboratory of Stem Cells, Transplantation and Immunoregulation, Villejuif, France
| | - Yahya Jand
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Farhadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Hossein Sadeghi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Amir Ghanbari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Oasi Research Institute - IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Damien Arnoult
- INSERM U 1197, Laboratory of Stem Cells, Transplantation and Immunoregulation, Villejuif, France
| | - Sajjad Gharaghani
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Drug Design, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Zibara
- Platform of Research and Analysis in Sciences and Environment (PRASE), Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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16
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Kamisli S, Ciftci O, Taslidere A, Basak Turkmen N, Ozcan C. The beneficial effects of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid on the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in C57BL/6 mouse model. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2018; 40:344-352. [PMID: 30052483 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2018.1490318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) on the experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in C57BL/6 mice. GA is a natural substance found in the root of licorice and is used in traditional Chinese medicine. It has many pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 40 C57BL/6 mice were divided equally into four groups: (1) Control, (2) EAE, (3) GA and (4) GA + EAE. 14 days after induction of EAE with MOG35-55 and pertussis toxin, mice were treated with GA at doses of 100 mg/kg/day for 7 days intraperitoneally. RESULTS To our results, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidations (elevated TBARS levels, decreased GPx, SOD, CAT, and GSH levels) were significantly (p < .01) increased, causing EAE in brain tissue. Also, histopathological damage (Caspase-3 and IL-17 activity, p ≤ .01) and cytokine levels (TNF-α and IL-1β, p < .01) were induced with EAE in mice brain tissue. On the other hand, GA treatment significantly (p < .01) reversed oxidative histological and immunological alterations caused by EAE. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the GA treatment can protect the brain tissue against EAE in mice with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suat Kamisli
- a Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology , University of Inonu , Malatya , Turkey
| | - Osman Ciftci
- b Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology , University of Pamukkale , Denizli , Turkey
| | - Asli Taslidere
- c Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology , University of Inonu , Malatya , Turkey
| | - Nese Basak Turkmen
- d Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology , University of Inonu , Malatya , Turkey
| | - Cemal Ozcan
- a Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology , University of Inonu , Malatya , Turkey
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