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Li X, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Li N, Zhang S, Lv K, Jia R, Wei T, Li X, Han C, Lin J. KLF4 suppresses anticancer effects of brusatol via transcriptional upregulating NCK2 expression in melanoma. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116197. [PMID: 38583810 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Brusatol (Bru), a main extract from traditional Chinese medicine Brucea javanica, has been reported to exist antitumor effect in many tumors including melanoma. However, the underlying mechanism in its anti-melanoma effect still need further exploration. Here, we reported that the protein expression of KLF4 in melanoma cells were significantly downregulated in response to brusatol treatment. Overexpression of KLF4 suppressed brusatol-induced melanoma cell apoptosis; while knockdown of KLF4 enhanced antitumor effects of brusatol on melanoma cells not only in vitro but also in vivo. Further studies on the mechanism revealed that KLF4 bound to the promoter of NCK2 directly and facilitated NCK2 transcription, which suppressed the antitumor effect of brusatol on melanoma. Furthermore, our findings showed that miR-150-3p was dramatically upregulated under brusatol treatment which resulted in the downregulation of KLF4. Our results suggested that the miR-150-3p/KLF4/NCK2 axis might play an important role in the antitumour effects of brusatol in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Li
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China; Institute of Cancer Stem Cell of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Yuankuan Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Na Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Shumeng Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Kejia Lv
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Renchuan Jia
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Tianfu Wei
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- College of Stomatology Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China.
| | - Chuanchun Han
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China.
| | - Jingrong Lin
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China.
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Qi X, Chen Y, Liu S, Liu L, Yu Z, Yin L, Fu L, Deng M, Liang S, Lü M. Sanguinarine inhibits melanoma invasion and migration by targeting the FAK/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:696-709. [PMID: 37092313 PMCID: PMC10128503 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2200787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sanguinarine (SAG) is the most abundant constituent of Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br. (Popaceae). SAG has shown antimammary and colorectal metastatic effects in mice in vivo, suggesting its potential for cancer chemotherapy. OBJECTIVE To determine the antimetastatic effect and underlying molecular mechanisms of SAG on melanoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS CCK8 assay was used to determine the inhibition of SAG on the proliferation of A375 and A2058 cells. Network pharmacology analysis was applied to construct a compound-target network and select potential therapeutic targets of SAG against melanoma. Molecular docking simulation was conducted for further analysis of the selected targets. In vitro migration/invasion/western blot assay with 1, 1.5, 2 μM SAG and in vivo effect of 2, 4, 8 mg/kg SAG in xenotransplantation model in nude mice. RESULTS The key targets of SAG treatment for melanoma were mainly enriched in PI3K-AKT pathway, and the binding energy of SAG to PI3K, AKT, and mTOR were -6.33, -6.31, and -6.07 kcal/mol, respectively. SAG treatment inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of A375 and A2058 cells (p < 0.05) with IC50 values of 2.378 μM and 2.719 μM, respectively. It also decreased the phosphorylation levels of FAK, PI3K, AKT, mTOR and protein expression levels of MMP2 and ICAM-2. In the nude mouse xenograft model, 2, 4, 8 mg/kg SAG was shown to be effective in inhibiting tumour growth. CONCLUSIONS Our research offered a theoretical foundation for the clinical antitumor properties of SAG, further suggesting its potential application in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- The Public Platform of Advanced Detecting Instruments, Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Human Microecology and Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases of Sichuan Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yonglan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zehui Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ling Yin
- The Public Platform of Advanced Detecting Instruments, Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lu Fu
- The Public Platform of Advanced Detecting Instruments, Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Mingming Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Sicheng Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- The Public Platform of Advanced Detecting Instruments, Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Human Microecology and Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases of Sichuan Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
- CONTACT Sicheng Liang Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; The Public Platform of Advanced Detecting Instruments, Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Human Microecology and Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases of Sichuan Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
| | - Muhan Lü
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Human Microecology and Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases of Sichuan Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
- Muhan Lü Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Human Microecology and Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases of Sichuan Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
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de Almeida Roque A, da Luz JZ, Santurio MTK, Neto FF, de Oliveira Ribeiro CA. Complex mixtures of pesticides and metabolites modulate the malignant phenotype of murine melanoma B16-F1 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:47366-47380. [PMID: 36738412 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25603-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides use increased worldwide with a record in Brazil. Although several works addressed the effects of pesticides on living organisms, only a few considered their mixture, and even fewer tried to unravel their role in tumoral progression. Due to the relevance of cancer, in the present study, the effects of the mixture of pesticides widely used in Brazil (Glyphosate, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, Mancozeb, Atrazine, Acephate, and Paraquat) and their main metabolites (Aminomethylphosphonic Acid, 2,4-diclorophenol, Ethylenethiourea, Desethylatrazine, Methamidophos, and Paraquat) were investigated on the malignancy phenotype of murine melanoma B16-F1 cells after acute (24 h) and chronic (15 days) exposures. The tested concentrations were based on the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) value established by Brazilian legislation. The set of results showed that these chemicals modulate important parameters of tumor progression, affecting the expression of genes related to tumor aggressiveness (Mmp14 and Cd44) and multidrug resistance (Abcb1, Abcc1, and Abcc4), as well as tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (Timp1, Timp2, and Timp3). These findings revealed an absence of cytotoxicity but showed modulation of migration, invasion, and colonization capacity of B16-F1 cells. Together, the results point to some negative ways that exposure to pesticides can affect the progression of melanoma and raise a concern related to the increasing trend in pesticide use in Brazil, as the country is one of the major world food suppliers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliciane de Almeida Roque
- Laboratory of Cell Toxicology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box: 19031, Curitiba, PR, CEP: 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Jessica Zablocki da Luz
- Laboratory of Cell Toxicology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box: 19031, Curitiba, PR, CEP: 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Michelle Thays Khun Santurio
- Laboratory of Cell Toxicology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box: 19031, Curitiba, PR, CEP: 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Francisco Filipak Neto
- Laboratory of Cell Toxicology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box: 19031, Curitiba, PR, CEP: 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Cell Toxicology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box: 19031, Curitiba, PR, CEP: 81531-980, Brazil.
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Armany D, Gosal P, Adams S. The ampulla of Vater: A potential target for metastatic melanoma? J Surg Case Rep 2023; 2023:rjac621. [PMID: 36685125 PMCID: PMC9848047 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjac621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanomas are aggressive cancers that can prove to be fatal, with Australia harbouring the highest incidence of skin cancers worldwide. Surprisingly, as little as 13.4% of patients undergoing surgical resection of high-risk melanomas remain disease-free after 2 years, with 31.6% showing evidence of distant spread. Although rare, secondary tumours of the ampulla of Vater have been documented, with the most common primaries involving breast, renal and melanoma cancers. We report the case of a malignant melanoma of the ampulla of Vater occurring in a patient 4-year post-surgical resection of a Stage II melanoma manifesting as acute pancreatitis with obstructive jaundice. Given the rarity of secondary ampullary tumours, metastatic melanoma should always be considered in patients with obstructive jaundice and a history of melanoma resection. In the absence of distant disease, surgery may be considered after consensus at multidisciplinary team meetings and after consideration of the patient preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Armany
- Correspondence address. General Surgery Unaccredited Registrar, General Surgery Department, Nepean Hospital, NBMLHD, NSW, 2747, Australia. Tel: +61472730381; E-mail:
| | - Preet Gosal
- General Surgery Department, Nepean Hospital, NBMLHD, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart Adams
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, NSW Health Pathology, Nepean Hospital, NBMLHD, NSW, Australia
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Fernandes S, Vyas C, Lim P, Pereira RF, Virós A, Bártolo P. 3D Bioprinting: An Enabling Technology to Understand Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143535. [PMID: 35884596 PMCID: PMC9318274 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a potentially fatal cancer with rising incidence over the last 50 years, associated with enhanced sun exposure and ultraviolet radiation. Its incidence is highest in people of European descent and the ageing population. There are multiple clinical and epidemiological variables affecting melanoma incidence and mortality, such as sex, ethnicity, UV exposure, anatomic site, and age. Although survival has improved in recent years due to advances in targeted and immunotherapies, new understanding of melanoma biology and disease progression is vital to improving clinical outcomes. Efforts to develop three-dimensional human skin equivalent models using biofabrication techniques, such as bioprinting, promise to deliver a better understanding of the complexity of melanoma and associated risk factors. These 3D skin models can be used as a platform for patient specific models and testing therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Fernandes
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (S.F.); (C.V.); (P.L.)
| | - Cian Vyas
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (S.F.); (C.V.); (P.L.)
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Peggy Lim
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (S.F.); (C.V.); (P.L.)
| | - Rúben F. Pereira
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Amaya Virós
- Skin Cancer and Ageing Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Paulo Bártolo
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (S.F.); (C.V.); (P.L.)
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Correspondence: or
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6
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Wolff DW, Deng Z, Bianchi-Smiraglia A, Foley CE, Han Z, Wang X, Shen S, Rosenberg MM, Moparthy S, Yun DH, Chen J, Baker BK, Roll MV, Magiera AJ, Li J, Hurley E, Feltri ML, Cox AO, Lee J, Furdui CM, Liu L, Bshara W, LaConte LE, Kandel ES, Pasquale EB, Qu J, Hedstrom L, Nikiforov MA. Phosphorylation of guanosine monophosphate reductase triggers a GTP-dependent switch from pro- to anti-oncogenic function of EPHA4. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:970-984.e6. [PMID: 35148834 PMCID: PMC9620470 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Signal transduction pathways post-translationally regulating nucleotide metabolism remain largely unknown. Guanosine monophosphate reductase (GMPR) is a nucleotide metabolism enzyme that decreases GTP pools by converting GMP to IMP. We observed that phosphorylation of GMPR at Tyr267 is critical for its activity and found that this phosphorylation by ephrin receptor tyrosine kinase EPHA4 decreases GTP pools in cell protrusions and levels of GTP-bound RAC1. EPHs possess oncogenic and tumor-suppressor activities, although the mechanisms underlying switches between these two modes are poorly understood. We demonstrated that GMPR plays a key role in EPHA4-mediated RAC1 suppression. This supersedes GMPR-independent activation of RAC1 by EPHA4, resulting in a negative overall effect on melanoma cell invasion and tumorigenicity. Accordingly, EPHA4 levels increase during melanoma progression and inversely correlate with GMPR levels in individual melanoma tumors. Therefore, phosphorylation of GMPR at Tyr267 is a metabolic signal transduction switch controlling GTP biosynthesis and transformed phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W. Wolff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Zhiyong Deng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Anna Bianchi-Smiraglia
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Colleen E. Foley
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Zhannan Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Xingyou Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Shichen Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | | | - Sudha Moparthy
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Dong Hyun Yun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Jialin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Brian K. Baker
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Matthew V. Roll
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Andrew J. Magiera
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Edward Hurley
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurology, Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo NY, USA
| | - Maria Laura Feltri
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurology, Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo NY, USA
| | - Anderson O. Cox
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC, USA
| | - Jingyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC, USA
| | - Cristina M. Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC, USA
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Wiam Bshara
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo NY 14203, USA
| | - Leslie E.W. LaConte
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Eugene S. Kandel
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Elena B. Pasquale
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Lizbeth Hedstrom
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA,Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Mikhail A. Nikiforov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA,Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Corresponding author and lead contact: Mikhail A. Nikiforov,
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7
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Khan NH, Mir M, Qian L, Baloch M, Ali Khan MF, Rehman AU, Ngowi EE, Wu DD, Ji XY. Skin cancer biology and barriers to treatment: Recent applications of polymeric micro/nanostructures. J Adv Res 2022; 36:223-247. [PMID: 35127174 PMCID: PMC8799916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skin cancer has been the leading type of cancer worldwide. Melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers are now the most common types of skin cancer that have been reached to epidemic proportion. Based on the rapid prevalence of skin cancers, and lack of efficient drug delivery systems, it is essential to surge the possible ways to prevent or cure the disease. Aim of review Although surgical modalities and therapies have been made great progress in recent years, however, there is still an urgent need to alleviate its increased burden. Hence, understanding the precise pathophysiological signaling mechanisms and all other factors of such skin insults will be beneficial for the development of more efficient therapies. Key scientific concepts of review In this review, we explained new understandings about onset and development of skin cancer and described its management via polymeric micro/nano carriers-based therapies, highlighting the current key bottlenecks and future prospective in this field. In therapeutic drug/gene delivery approaches, polymeric carriers-based system is the most promising strategy. This review discusses that how polymers have successfully been exploited for development of micro/nanosized systems for efficient delivery of anticancer genes and drugs overcoming all the barriers and limitations associated with available conventional therapies. In addition to drug/gene delivery, intelligent polymeric nanocarriers platforms have also been established for combination anticancer therapies including photodynamic and photothermal, and for theranostic applications. This portfolio of latest approaches could promote the blooming growth of research and their clinical availability.
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Key Words
- 5-ALA, 5-aminolevulinic acid
- 5-FU, 5-fluorouracil
- AIDS, Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
- BCC, Basal cell carcinoma
- BCCs, Basal cell carcinomas
- Basal cell carcinoma
- CREB, response element-binding protein
- DDS, Drug delivery system
- DIM-D, Di indolyl methane derivative
- Drug delivery
- GNR-PEG-MN, PEGylated gold nanorod microneedle
- Gd, Gadolinium
- Gene delivery
- HH, Hedgehog
- HPMC, Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
- IPM, Isopropyl myristate
- MCIR, Melanocortin-1 receptor
- MNPs, Magnetic nanoparticle
- MNs, Microneedles
- MRI, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- MSC, Melanoma skin cancer
- Microneedles
- Mn, Manganese
- NMSC, Non melanoma skin cancer
- NPs, Nano Particles
- OTR, Organ transplant recipients
- PAMAM, Poly-amidoamines
- PAN, Polyacrylonitrile
- PATCH1, Patch
- PCL, Poly (ε-caprolactone)
- PDT, Photodynamic therapy
- PEG, Polyethylene glycol
- PLA, Poly lactic acid
- PLA-HPG, Poly (d-l-lactic acid)-hyperbranched polyglycerol
- PLGA, Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) copolymers
- PLL, Poly (L-lysine)
- Polymeric nanocarriers
- QDs, Quantum dots
- SC, Skin cancer
- SCC, Squamous cell Carcinoma
- SMO, Smoothen
- SPIO, Superparamagnetic iron oxide
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- UV, Ultra Violet
- cAMP, Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- dPG, Dendritic polyglycerol
- hTERT, Human telomerase reverse transcriptase
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazeer Hussain Khan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- School of Life Sciences. Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Maria Mir
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Lei Qian
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Mahnoor Baloch
- School of Natural Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farhan Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Asim-ur- Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ebenezeri Erasto Ngowi
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Dar es Salaam University College of Education, Dar es Salaam 2329, Tanzania
| | - Dong-Dong Wu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Xin-Ying Ji
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infection and Biological Safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
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8
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Fuselier C, Quemener S, Dufay E, Bour C, Boulagnon-Rombi C, Bouland N, Djermoune EH, Devy J, Martiny L, Schneider C. Anti-Tumoral and Anti-Angiogenic Effects of Low-Diluted Phenacetinum on Melanoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:597503. [PMID: 33747916 PMCID: PMC7966719 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.597503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer and the most rapidly expanding cancer in terms of worldwide incidence. If primary cutaneous melanoma is mostly treated with a curative wide local excision, malignant melanoma has a poor prognosis and needs other therapeutic approaches. Angiogenesis is a normal physiological process essential in growth and development, but it also plays a crucial role in crossing from benign to advanced state in cancer. In melanoma progression, angiogenesis is widely involved during the vertical growth phase. Currently, no anti-angiogenic agents are efficient on their own, and combination of treatments will probably be the key to success. In the past, phenacetin was used as an analgesic to relieve pain, causing side effects at large dose and tumor-inducing in humans and animals. By contrast, Phenacetinum low-dilution is often used in skin febrile exanthema, patches profusely scattered on limbs, headache, or flushed face without side effects. Herein are described the in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo anti-angiogenic and anti-tumoral potentials of Phenacetinum low-dilution in a B16F1 tumor model and endothelial cells. We demonstrate that low-diluted Phenacetinum inhibits in vivo tumor growth and tumor vascularization and thus increases the survival time of B16F1 melanoma induced-C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, Phenacetinum modulates the lung metastasis in a B16F10 induced model. Ex vivo and in vitro, we evidence that low-diluted Phenacetinum inhibits the migration and the recruitment of endothelial cells and leads to an imbalance in the pro-tumoral macrophages and to a structural malformation of the vascular network. All together these results demonstrate highly hopeful anti-tumoral, anti-metastatic, and anti-angiogenic effects of Phenacetinum low-dilution on melanoma. Continued studies are needed to preclinically validate Phenacetinum low-dilution as a complementary or therapeutic strategy for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Fuselier
- Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS UMR 7369 (Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC), Reims, France
| | - Sandrine Quemener
- Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011 INSERM, Lille, France
| | - Eleonore Dufay
- Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS UMR 7369 (Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC), Reims, France
| | - Camille Bour
- Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS UMR 7369 (Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC), Reims, France
| | - Camille Boulagnon-Rombi
- Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS UMR 7369 (Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC), Reims, France
- Centre Hospitalier et Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, laboratoire de Biopathologie, Reims, France
| | - Nicole Bouland
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, laboratoire d’Anatomie Pathologie, Reims, France
| | | | - Jérôme Devy
- Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS UMR 7369 (Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC), Reims, France
| | - Laurent Martiny
- Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS UMR 7369 (Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC), Reims, France
| | - Christophe Schneider
- Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS UMR 7369 (Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC), Reims, France
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9
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Sitarek P, Kowalczyk T, Wieczfinska J, Merecz-Sadowska A, Górski K, Śliwiński T, Skała E. Plant Extracts as a Natural Source of Bioactive Compounds and Potential Remedy for the Treatment of Certain Skin Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:2859-2875. [PMID: 32303169 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200417160049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Skin ailments present a major health burden in both developed and undeveloped countries. Maintaining healthy skin is important for a healthy body. Medicinal plants have long provided reliable therapy in the treatment of skin diseases in humans through a diverse range of bioactive molecules. Skin diseases may have a various basis, or may be genetically determined; together, they constitute approximately 34% of all occupational diseases encountered in people of all ages. Of these, melanoma is one of the most dangerous forms, with very poor prognosis for patients if it is diagnosed too late. This review of the literature over the past five years examines the role and utilities of plant extracts in treating various skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, acne or melanoma with various potential mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, S. Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Wieczfinska
- Department of Immunopathology, Chair of Allergology, Immunology and Dermatology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Karol Górski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Śliwiński
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Skała
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
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10
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Liu J, Zhong F, Cao L, Zhu R, Qu J, Yang L, Chen T, Hu Y, Wang Y, Yao M, Xiao W, Li C, Li B, Yuan Y. 7-dehydrocholesterol suppresses melanoma cell proliferation and invasion via Akt1/NF-κB signaling. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:398. [PMID: 33193858 PMCID: PMC7656107 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most lethal cutaneous cancer with a high metastatic rate worldwide, causing ~55,500 deaths annually. Although the selective B-Raf oncogene serine/threonine-kinase (BRAF) inhibitors, dabrafenib and vemurafenib, have been approved for the treatment of BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma, the 5-year survival rate remains unfavorable due to acquired therapy resistance. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop alternative therapeutic drugs and uncover their mechanisms for the treatment of melanoma. 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) has been demonstrated to inhibit melanoma, but the mechanism is unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of the inhibitory effect of 7-DHC in melanoma cells via analyzing the proliferation, migration, apoptosis, cell cycle and transcriptional sequencing of melanoma cells treated with 7-DHC, as well as constructing a gene signature according to public data of patients with melanoma. In the present study, 7-DHC, the precursor of vitamin D3, was able to induce apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation and invasion of melanoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. RNA sequencing of melanoma cells treated with different concentrations of 7-DHC revealed that, compared with untreated melanoma cells, 65 genes were downregulated, and genes involved in the regulation of NF-ĸB import into the nucleus and NF-ĸB signaling were significantly repressed. Consistently, the Akt kinase family was one of most common somatic mutation hotspots in patients with melanoma according to The Cancer Genome Atlas enrichment analysis. Furthermore, 7-DHC decreased the phosphorylation of Akt1-Ser473 rather than that of MEK1, and the decreased phosphorylation of Akt1 subsequently inhibited the translocation of free RELA proto-oncogene NF-κB subunit to the nucleus. Finally, by intersecting downregulated genes by 7-DHC treatment and upregulated genes in patients with melanoma, a 7-DHC gene signature was identified, which was negatively associated with the prognosis. Overall, the present results demonstrated that 7-DHC suppressed melanoma cell proliferation and invasion via the Akt1/NF-ĸB signaling pathway, and 7-DHC key target genes were negatively associated with the prognosis. These findings highlight the potential application of 7-DHC for the treatment of melanoma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Feiliang Zhong
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Lei Cao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Ruiying Zhu
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Junze Qu
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Lin Yang
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300041, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P.R. China
| | - Yunlong Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Mingdong Yao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Wenhai Xiao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Chun Li
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Yingjin Yuan
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
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11
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Fuselier C, Terryn C, Berquand A, Crowet JM, Bonnomet A, Molinari M, Dauchez M, Martiny L, Schneider C. Low-diluted Phenacetinum disrupted the melanoma cancer cell migration. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9109. [PMID: 31235855 PMCID: PMC6591484 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic and reciprocal interactions generated by the communication between tumor cells and their matrix microenvironment, play a major role in the progression of a tumor. Indeed, the adhesion of specific sites to matrix components, associated with the repeated and coordinated formation of membrane protrusions, allow tumor cells to move along a determined pathway. Our study analyzed the mechanism of action of low-diluted Phenacetinum on murine cutaneous melanoma process in a fibronectin matrix environment. We demonstrated a reduction of dispersed cell migration, early and for as long as 24 h, by altering the formation of cell protrusions. Moreover, low-diluted Phenacetinum decreased cell stiffness highly on peripheral areas, due to a disruption of actin filaments located just under the plasma membrane. Finally, it modified the structure of the plasma membrane by accumulating large ordered lipid domains and disrupted B16 cell migration by a likely shift in the balance between ordered and disordered lipid phases. Whereas the correlation between the excess of lipid raft and cytoskeleton disrupting is not as yet established, it is clear that low-diluted Phenacetinum acts on the actin cytoskeleton organization, as confirmed by a decrease of cell stiffness affecting ultimately the establishment of an effective migration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Fuselier
- CNRS UMR7369 MEDyC, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Christine Terryn
- Plateform PICT, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | | | - Jean-Marc Crowet
- CNRS UMR7369 MEDyC, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Arnaud Bonnomet
- Plateform PICT, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Michael Molinari
- LRN EA 4682, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Manuel Dauchez
- CNRS UMR7369 MEDyC, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Laurent Martiny
- CNRS UMR7369 MEDyC, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
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12
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Yao X, Jiang W, Yu D, Yan Z. Luteolin inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of human melanoma cells in vivo and in vitro by suppressing MMP-2 and MMP-9 through the PI3K/AKT pathway. Food Funct 2019; 10:703-712. [PMID: 30663726 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02013b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the incidence rate of malignant melanoma is increasing annually, development of drugs against melanoma cell metastasis has become more urgent. Luteolin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, is abundant in our daily dietary intake and exhibits a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties. However, the potential anti-cancer role of luteolin in melanoma cells has not been fully investigated. In this study, we have explored whether luteolin inhibits the migration and invasion of A375 human melanoma cells and further elucidated the underlying anti-cancer molecular mechanism of luteolin in melanoma cells. A proliferation assay, flow cytometry and an apoptosis assay were applied to detect the effect of luteolin on the growth and apoptosis of A375 cells. Wound healing assay and transwell invasion assay were used to explore the impact of luteolin on the migration and invasion of A375 cells. Real-time quantitative PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence analysis were used to investigate the effects of luteolin on the expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9 and PI3K/AKT1 in A375 cells. A xenograft tumor animal model was used to investigate the anti-cancer effect of luteolin on the growth of the A375 cells in vivo. Our data indicated that luteolin significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of A375 cells and induced the apoptosis of A375 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, luteolin reduced the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and increased the expression of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. Furthermore, luteolin significantly inhibited the tumor growth of A375 cells in a xenograft mouse model. The immunofluorescence and immunoblotting assays indicated that luteolin inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT1 and PI3K. In conclusion, both in vivo and in vitro studies showed that luteolin inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of A375 human melanoma cells by reducing the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 through the PI3K/AKT pathway. Overall, luteolin can be considered as a promising anti-cancer agent for the treatment of human melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China.
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13
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Rodríguez-Cerdeira C, Carnero Gregorio M, López-Barcenas A, Sánchez-Blanco E, Sánchez-Blanco B, Fabbrocini G, Bardhi B, Sinani A, Guzman RA. Advances in Immunotherapy for Melanoma: A Comprehensive Review. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:3264217. [PMID: 28848246 PMCID: PMC5564072 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3264217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanomas are tumors originating from melanocytes and tend to show early metastasis secondary to the loss of cellular adhesion in the primary tumor, resulting in high mortality rates. Cancer-specific active immunotherapy is an experimental form of treatment that stimulates the immune system to recognize antigens on the surface of cancer cells. Current experimental approaches in immunotherapy include vaccines, biochemotherapy, and the transfer of adoptive T cells and dendritic cells. Several types of vaccines, including peptide, viral, and dendritic cell vaccines, are currently under investigation for the treatment of melanoma. These treatments have the same goal as drugs that are already used to stimulate the proliferation of T lymphocytes in order to destroy tumor cells; however, immunotherapies aim to selectively attack the tumor cells of each patient. In this comprehensive review, we describe recent advancements in the development of immunotherapies for melanoma, with a specific focus on the identification of neoantigens for the prediction of their elicited immune responses. This review is expected to provide important insights into the future of immunotherapy for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ardiana Sinani
- Dermatology Service, Military Medical Unit, University Trauma Hospital, Tirana, Albania
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14
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Bhattacharya A, Young A, Wong A, Stalling S, Wei M, Hadley D. Precision Diagnosis Of Melanoma And Other Skin Lesions From Digital Images. AMIA JOINT SUMMITS ON TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS. AMIA JOINT SUMMITS ON TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 2017:220-226. [PMID: 28815132 PMCID: PMC5543387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma will affect an estimated 73,000 new cases this year and result in 9,000 deaths, yet precise diagnosis remains a serious problem. Without early detection and preventative care, melanoma can quickly spread to become fatal (Stage IV 5-year survival rate is 20-10%) from a once localized skin lesion (Stage IA 5- year survival rate is 97%). There is no biomarker for melanoma in clinical use, and the current diagnostic criteria for skin lesions remains subjective and imprecise. Accurate diagnosis of melanoma relies on a histopathologic gold standard; thus, aggressive excision of melanocytic skin lesions has been the mainstay of treatment. It is estimated that 36 biopsies are performed for every melanoma confirmed by pathology among excised lesions. There is significant morbidity in misdiagnosing melanoma such as progression of the disease for a false negative prediction vs the risks of unnecessary surgery for a false positive prediction. Every year, poor diagnostic precision adds an estimated $673 million in overall cost to manage the disease. Currently, manual dermatoscopic imaging is the standard of care in selecting atypical skin lesions for biopsy, and at best it achieves 90% sensitivity but only 59% specificity when performed by an expert dermatologist. Many computer vision (CV) algorithms perform better than dermatologists in classifying skin lesions although not significantly so in clinical practice. Meanwhile, open source deep learning (DL) techniques in CV have been gaining dominance since 2012 for image classification, and today DL can outperform humans in classifying millions of digital images with less than 5% error rates. Moreover, DL algorithms are readily run on commoditized hardware and have a strong online community of developers supporting their rapid adoption. In this work, we performed a successful pilot study to show proof of concept to DL skin pathology from images. However, DL algorithms must be trained on very large labelled datasets of images to achieve high accuracy. Here, we begin to assemble a large imageset of skin lesions from the UCSF and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) dermatology clinics that are well characterized by their underlying pathology, on which to train DL algorithms. If trained on sufficient data, we hypothesize that our approach will significantly outperform general dermatologists in predicting skin lesion pathology. We posit that our work will allow for precision diagnosis of melanoma from widely available digital photography, which may optimize the management of the disease by decreasing unnecessary office visits and the significant morbidity and cost of melanoma misdiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Albert Young
- Institute for Computational Health Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94143;,Department of Pediatrics, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Andrew Wong
- Institute for Computational Health Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94143;,Department of Pediatrics, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Simone Stalling
- Institute for Computational Health Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Maria Wei
- School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143;,Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Dexter Hadley
- Institute for Computational Health Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94143;,Department of Pediatrics, San Francisco, CA 94143;,School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143
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15
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The burden of skin disease in the United States. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 76:958-972.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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16
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Abstract
Malignant melanoma of the skin is the most aggressive human cancer given that a primary tumor a few millimeters in diameter frequently has full metastatic competence. In view of that, revealing the genetic background of this potential may also help to better understand tumor dissemination in general. Genomic analyses have established the molecular classification of melanoma based on the most frequent driver oncogenic mutations (BRAF, NRAS, KIT) and have also revealed a long list of rare events, including mutations and amplifications as well as genetic microheterogeneity. At the moment, it is unclear whether any of these rare events have role in the metastasis initiation process since the major drivers do not have such a role. During lymphatic and hematogenous dissemination, the clonal selection process is evidently reflected by differences in oncogenic drivers in the metastases versus the primary tumor. Clonal selection is also evident during lymphatic progression, though the genetic background of this immunoselection is less clear. Genomic analyses of metastases identified further genetic alterations, some of which may correspond to metastasis maintenance genes. The natural genetic progression of melanoma can be modified by targeted (BRAF or MEK inhibitor) or immunotherapies. Some of the rare events in primary tumors may result in primary resistance, while further new genetic lesions develop during the acquired resistance to both targeted and immunotherapies. Only a few genetic lesions of the primary tumor are constant during natural or therapy-modulated progression. EGFR4 and NMDAR2 mutations, MITF and MET amplifications and PTEN loss can be considered as metastasis drivers. Furthermore, BRAF and MITF amplifications as well as PTEN loss are also responsible for resistance to targeted therapies, whereas NRAS mutation is the only founder genetic lesion showing any association with sensitivity to immunotherapies. Unfortunately, there are hardly any data on the possible organ-specific metastatic drivers in melanoma. These observations suggest that clinical management of melanoma patients must rely on the genetic analysis of the metastatic lesions to be able to monitor progression-associated changes and to personalize therapies.
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17
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Kim M, Neznanov N, Wilfong CD, Fleyshman DI, Purmal AA, Haderski G, Stanhope-Baker P, Burkhart CA, Gurova KV, Gudkov AV, Skitzki JJ. Preclinical Validation of a Single-Treatment Infusion Modality That Can Eradicate Extremity Melanomas. Cancer Res 2016; 76:6620-6630. [PMID: 27680682 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Isolated limb perfusion (ILP) with the chemotherapeutic agent melphalan is an effective treatment option for extremity in-transit melanoma but is toxic and technically challenging to deliver locoregionally. CBL0137 is an experimental clinical drug with broad anticancer activity in animal models, owing to its ability to bind DNA in a nongenotoxic manner and inactivate the FACT chromatin modulator essential for tumor cell viability. Here, we report that CBL0137 delivered by ILP in a murine melanoma model is as efficacious as melphalan, displaying antitumor activity at doses corresponding to only a fraction of the systemic MTD of CBL0137. The ability to bind DNA quickly combined with a favorable safety profile made it possible to substitute CBL0137 in the ILP protocol, using an intra-arterial infusion method, to safely achieve effective tumor suppression. Our findings of a preclinical proof of concept for CBL0137 and its administration via intra-arterial infusion as a superior treatment compared with melphalan ILP allows for locoregional treatment anywhere a catheter can be placed. Cancer Res; 76(22); 6620-30. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhyung Kim
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Nickolay Neznanov
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Chandler D Wilfong
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Daria I Fleyshman
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Andrei A Purmal
- Cleveland BioLabs, Inc., Buffalo, New York.,Incuron, LLC, Buffalo, New York
| | | | | | | | - Katerina V Gurova
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Andrei V Gudkov
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Joseph J Skitzki
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York. .,Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
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18
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Shi J, Guo B, Zhang Y, Hui Q, Chang P, Tao K. Guanine nucleotide exchange factor H1 can be a new biomarker of melanoma. Biologics 2016; 10:89-98. [PMID: 27462139 PMCID: PMC4939981 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s109643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Guanine nucleotide exchange factor H1 (GEF-H1), which couples microtubule dynamics to RhoA activation, is a microtubule-regulated exchange factor. Studies have shown that GEF-H1 can be involved in various cancer pathways; however, the clinical significance of GEF-H1 expression and functions in melanoma has not been established. In this study, we investigated the relationship between clinical outcomes and GEF-H1 functions in melanoma. A total of 60 cases of different grades of melanoma samples were used to detect the expression of GEF-H1. Results showed that both messenger RNA and protein levels of GEF-H1 were significantly higher in high-grade melanomas. Furthermore, patients with high GEF-H1 expression had a shorter overall survival (22 months) than patients with low level of GEF-H1 expression (33.38 months). We also found that GEF-H1 can promote the proliferation and metastasis of melanoma cells. In summary, these results suggested that GEF-H1 may be a valuable biomarker for assessing the degree and prognosis of melanoma following surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shi
- Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingyu Guo
- Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Hui
- Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Chang
- Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Tao
- Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Han D, Thomas DC, Zager JS, Pockaj B, White RL, Leong SPL. Clinical utilities and biological characteristics of melanoma sentinel lymph nodes. World J Clin Oncol 2016; 7:174-188. [PMID: 27081640 PMCID: PMC4826963 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v7.i2.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An estimated 73870 people will be diagnosed with melanoma in the United States in 2015, resulting in 9940 deaths. The majority of patients with cutaneous melanomas are cured with wide local excision. However, current evidence supports the use of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) given the 15%-20% of patients who harbor regional node metastasis. More importantly, the presence or absence of nodal micrometastases has been found to be the most important prognostic factor in early-stage melanoma, particularly in intermediate thickness melanoma. This review examines the development of SLNB for melanoma as a means to determine a patient’s nodal status, the efficacy of SLNB in patients with melanoma, and the biology of melanoma metastatic to sentinel lymph nodes. Prospective randomized trials have guided the development of practice guidelines for use of SLNB for melanoma and have shown the prognostic value of SLNB. Given the rapidly advancing molecular and surgical technologies, the technical aspects of diagnosis, identification, and management of regional lymph nodes in melanoma continues to evolve and to improve. Additionally, there is ongoing research examining both the role of SLNB for specific clinical scenarios and the ways to identify patients who may benefit from completion lymphadenectomy for a positive SLN. Until further data provides sufficient evidence to alter national consensus-based guidelines, SLNB with completion lymphadenectomy remains the standard of care for clinically node-negative patients found to have a positive SLN.
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20
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Wainstein AJA, Barbosa LCLS, Kansaon M, Salomé M, Drummond-Lage AP. Advanced malignant melanoma during pregnancy: technical description of sentinel lymph node biopsy followed by radical lymph node dissection. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE MATERNO INFANTIL 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-38292015000400009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Introduction: melanoma is a very aggressive cancer, with increasing incidence, and is currently the fifth most common cancer in men and the sixth most common in women in the United States. Melanoma is not unusual in pregnancy, with an estimated occur-rence rate of 1:1.000. Although not the most common cancer in pregnancy, melanoma is the tumor with the highest incidence ofplacenta and fetus metastases. Description: a 29-year-old lady, 4 weeks after conception underwent resection of an atypical pigmented lesion after a diagnosis of stage T4b melanoma. At 16 weeks she underwent a broad local excision and sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy. SLN was evaluated histologically and tested positive for melanoma. A radical axillary lymphadenectomy was performed on the patient without evidence of metas-tasis in any other LN. In the 40th week of pregnancy, labor was induced and a healthy newborn was deli-vered via cesarean. Discussion: melanoma management in pregnancy is more complex and requires multidisciplinary coor-dination, as well as extensive discussion with the patient and her family. We present a case report description in which treatment recommendations are established according to no pregnancy experience.
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Jung JI, Kim EJ, Kwon GT, Jung YJ, Park T, Kim Y, Yu R, Choi MS, Chun HS, Kwon SH, Her S, Lee KW, Park JHY. β-Caryophyllene potently inhibits solid tumor growth and lymph node metastasis of B16F10 melanoma cells in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6N mice. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:1028-39. [PMID: 26025912 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported previously that high-fat diet (HFD) feeding stimulated solid tumor growth and lymph node (LN) metastasis in C57BL/6N mice injected with B16F10 melanoma cells. β-caryophyllene (BCP) is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene found in many essential oils and has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory activities. To examine whether BCP inhibits HFD-induced melanoma progression, 4-weeks old, male C57BL/6N mice were fed a control diet (CD, 10 kcal% fat) or HFD (60 kcal% fat + 0, 0.15 or 0.3% BCP) for the entire experimental period. After 16 weeks of feeding, B16F10s were subcutaneously injected into mice. Three weeks later, tumors were resected, and mice were killed 2 weeks post-resection. Although HFD feeding increased body weight gain, fasting blood glucose levels, solid tumor growth, LN metastasis, tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, it decreased apoptotic cells, all of which were suppressed by dietary BCP. HFD feeding increased the number of lipid vacuoles and F4/80+ macrophage (MΦ) and macrophage mannose receptor (MMR)+ M2-MΦs in tumor tissues and adipose tissues surrounding the LN, which was suppressed by BCP. HFD feeding increased the levels of CCL19 and CCL21 in the LN and the expression of CCR7 in the tumor; these changes were blocked by dietary BCP. In vitro culture results revealed that BCP inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes; monocyte migration and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 secretion by B16F10s, adipocytes and M2-MΦs; angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. The suppression of adipocyte and M2-cell accumulation and the inhibition of CCL19/21-CCR7 axis may be a part of mechanisms for the BCP suppression of HFD-stimulated melanoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae In Jung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- Center for Efficacy Assessment and Development of Functional Foods and Drugs, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Gyoo Taik Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Jung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Taesung Park
- Department of Statistics and Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea, Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Yongkang Kim
- Department of Statistics and Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Rina Yu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Korea
| | - Myung-Sook Choi
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research and Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Hyang Sook Chun
- Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, An-Sung 456-756, Korea
| | - Seung-Hae Kwon
- Division of Bio-Imaging, Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
| | - Song Her
- Division of Bio-Imaging, Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
| | - Ki Won Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea and Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Korea
| | - Jung Han Yoon Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Korea
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Monsma DJ, Cherba DM, Eugster EE, Dylewski DL, Davidson PT, Peterson CA, Borgman AS, Winn ME, Dykema KJ, Webb CP, MacKeigan JP, Duesbery NS, Nickoloff BJ, Monks NR. Melanoma patient derived xenografts acquire distinct Vemurafenib resistance mechanisms. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:1507-1518. [PMID: 26101714 PMCID: PMC4473327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Variable clinical responses, tumor heterogeneity, and drug resistance reduce long-term survival outcomes for metastatic melanoma patients. To guide and accelerate drug development, we characterized tumor responses for five melanoma patient derived xenograft models treated with Vemurafenib. Three BRAF(V600E) models showed acquired drug resistance, one BRAF(V600E) model had a complete and durable response, and a BRAF(V600V) model was expectedly unresponsive. In progressing tumors, a variety of resistance mechanisms to BRAF inhibition were uncovered, including mutant BRAF alternative splicing, NRAS mutation, COT (MAP3K8) overexpression, and increased mutant BRAF gene amplification and copy number. The resistance mechanisms among the patient derived xenograft models were similar to the resistance pathways identified in clinical specimens from patients progressing on BRAF inhibitor therapy. In addition, there was both inter- and intra-patient heterogeneity in resistance mechanisms, accompanied by heterogeneous pERK expression immunostaining profiles. MEK monotherapy of Vemurafenib-resistant tumors caused toxicity and acquired drug resistance. However, tumors were eradicated when Vemurafenib was combined the MEK inhibitor. The diversity of drug responses among the xenograft models; the distinct mechanisms of resistance; and the ability to overcome resistance by the addition of a MEK inhibitor provide a scheduling rationale for clinical trials of next-generation drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Monsma
- Vivarium and Transgenics Core, Van Andel Research InstituteGrand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - David M Cherba
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research InstituteGrand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Emily E Eugster
- Pathology and Biorepository Core, Van Andel Research InstituteGrand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Dawna L Dylewski
- Center for Translational Medicine, Van Andel Research InstituteGrand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Paula T Davidson
- Center for Translational Medicine, Van Andel Research InstituteGrand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Chelsea A Peterson
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State UniversityGrand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew S Borgman
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research InstituteGrand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Mary E Winn
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research InstituteGrand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Karl J Dykema
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research InstituteGrand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey P MacKeigan
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Van Andel Research InstituteGrand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicholas S Duesbery
- Laboratory of Cancer and Developmental Cell Biology, Van Andel Research InstituteGrand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Brian J Nickoloff
- Center for Translational Medicine, Van Andel Research InstituteGrand Rapids, Michigan, USA
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State UniversityGrand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Noel R Monks
- Center for Translational Medicine, Van Andel Research InstituteGrand Rapids, Michigan, USA
- Current address: Medimmune, One MedImmune WayGaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
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Geers B, De Wever O, Demeester J, Bracke M, De Smedt SC, Lentacker I. Targeted liposome-loaded microbubbles for cell-specific ultrasound-triggered drug delivery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:4027-4035. [PMID: 23737360 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201300161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
One of the main problems in cancer treatment is disease relapse through metastatic colonization, which is caused by circulating tumor cells (CTCs). This work reports on liposome-loaded microbubbles targeted to N-cadherin, a cell-cell adhesion molecule expressed by CTCs. It is shown that such microbubbles can indeed bind to N-cadherin at the surface of HMB2 cells. Interestingly, in a mixture of cells with and without N-cadherin expression, binding of the liposome-loaded microbubbles mainly occurs to the N-cadherin-expressing cells. Importantly, applying ultrasound results in the intracellular delivery of a model drug (loaded in the liposomes) in the N-cadherin-expressing cells only. As described in this paper, such liposome-loaded microbubbles may find application as theranostics and in devices aimed for the specific killing of CTCs in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Geers
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium, Tel: +32 9 264 80 76; Fax: +32 9 264 81 89
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Wawrzyniak JA, Bianchi-Smiraglia A, Bshara W, Mannava S, Ackroyd J, Bagati A, Omilian AR, Im M, Fedtsova N, Miecznikowski JC, Moparthy KC, Zucker SN, Zhu Q, Kozlova NI, Berman AE, Hoek KS, Gudkov AV, Shewach DS, Morrison CD, Nikiforov MA. A purine nucleotide biosynthesis enzyme guanosine monophosphate reductase is a suppressor of melanoma invasion. Cell Rep 2013; 5:493-507. [PMID: 24139804 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive types of human cancers, and the mechanisms underlying melanoma invasive phenotype are not completely understood. Here, we report that expression of guanosine monophosphate reductase (GMPR), an enzyme involved in de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides, was downregulated in the invasive stages of human melanoma. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments revealed that GMPR downregulates the amounts of several GTP-bound (active) Rho-GTPases and suppresses the ability of melanoma cells to form invadopodia, degrade extracellular matrix, invade in vitro, and grow as tumor xenografts in vivo. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that GMPR partially depletes intracellular GTP pools. Pharmacological inhibition of de novo GTP biosynthesis suppressed whereas addition of exogenous guanosine increased invasion of melanoma cells as well as cells from other cancer types. Our data identify GMPR as a melanoma invasion suppressor and establish a link between guanosine metabolism and Rho-GTPase-dependent melanoma cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Wawrzyniak
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Colombino M, Lissia A, Capone M, De Giorgi V, Massi D, Stanganelli I, Fonsatti E, Maio M, Botti G, Caracò C, Mozzillo N, Ascierto PA, Cossu A, Palmieri G. Heterogeneous distribution of BRAF/NRAS mutations among Italian patients with advanced melanoma. J Transl Med 2013; 11:202. [PMID: 23987572 PMCID: PMC3765741 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence and distribution of pathogenetic mutations in BRAF and NRAS genes were evaluated in multiple melanoma lesions from patients with different geographical origin within the same Italian population. METHODS Genomic DNA from a total of 749 tumor samples (451 primary tumors and 298 metastases) in 513 consecutively-collected patients with advanced melanoma (AJCC stages III and IV) was screened for mutations in exon 15 of BRAF gene and, at lower extension (354/513; 69%), in the entire coding DNA of NRAS gene by automated direct sequencing. Among tissues, 236 paired samples of primary melanomas and synchronous or asynchronous metastases were included into the screening. RESULTS Overall, mutations were detected in 49% primary melanomas and 51% metastases, for BRAF gene, and 15% primary tumors and 16% secondaries, for NRAS gene. A heterogeneous distribution of mutations in both genes was observed among the 451 primary melanomas according to patients' geographical origin: 61% vs. 42% (p = 0.0372) BRAF-mutated patients and 2% vs. 21% (p < 0.0001) NRAS-mutated cases were observed in Sardinian and non-Sardinian populations, respectively. Consistency in BRAF/NRAS mutations among paired samples was high for lymph node (91%) and visceral metastases (92.5%), but significantly lower for brain (79%; p = 0.0227) and skin (71%; p = 0.0009) metastases. CONCLUSIONS Our findings about the two main alterations occurring in the different tumor tissues from patients with advanced melanoma may be helpful in improving the management of such a disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Colombino
- Unit of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Traversa La Crucca 3, Baldinca Li Punti 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Amelia Lissia
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital (AOU), Sassari, Italy
| | | | | | - Daniela Massi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ignazio Stanganelli
- Skin Cancer Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo Tumori (IRST), Meldola, Italy
| | - Ester Fonsatti
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital (AOU), Siena, Italy
| | - Michele Maio
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital (AOU), Siena, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- National Tumour Institute “Fondazione Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Corrado Caracò
- National Tumour Institute “Fondazione Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Mozzillo
- National Tumour Institute “Fondazione Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Cossu
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital (AOU), Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palmieri
- Unit of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Traversa La Crucca 3, Baldinca Li Punti 07100, Sassari, Italy
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Melanoma genotypes and phenotypes get personal. J Transl Med 2013; 93:858-67. [PMID: 23817084 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, the diagnosis of metastatic melanoma was terminal to most patients. However, the advancements towards understanding the fundamental etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment have raised melanoma to the forefront of contemporary medicine. Indeed, the evidence of durable remissions are being heard ever more frequently in clinics around the globe. Despite having more gene mutations per cell than any other type of cancer, investigators are overcoming complex genomic landscapes, signaling pathways, and immune checkpoints by generating novel technological methods and clinical protocols with breath-taking speed. Significant progress in deciphering molecular genetics, epigenetics, kinase-driven networks, metabolomics, and immune-enhancing pathways to achieve personalized and positive outcomes has truly provided new hope for melanoma patients. However, obstacles requiring breakthroughs include understanding the influence of sunlight exposure on melanoma etiology, and overcoming all too frequently acquired drug resistance, complicating targeted therapy. Pathologists continue to have critically important roles in advancing the field, particularly in the area of transitioning from microscope-based diagnostic reports to pharmacogenomics through molecularly informed tumor boards. Although melanoma is no longer considered just 'one disease', pathologists will continue this rapidly progressing and exciting journey to identify tumor subtypes, to utilize tumorgraft or so-called patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, and to develop companion diagnostics to keep pace with the bewildering breakthroughs occurring on a regular basis. Exactly which combination of drugs will ultimately be required to eradicate melanoma cells remains to be determined. However, it is clear that pathologists who are as dedicated to melanoma as the pioneering pathologist Dr Sidney Farber was committed to childhood cancers, will be required as the battle against melanoma continues. In this review, we describe what sets melanoma apart from other tumors, and demonstrate how lessons learned in the melanoma clinic are being transferred to many other types of aggressive neoplasms.
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