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Le MCN, Smith KA, Dopico PJ, Greer B, Alipanah M, Zhang Y, Siemann DW, Lagmay JP, Fan ZH. Investigating surface proteins and antibody combinations for detecting circulating tumor cells of various sarcomas. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12374. [PMID: 38811642 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61651-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have gathered attention as a biomarker for carcinomas. However, CTCs in sarcomas have received little attention. In this work, we investigated cell surface proteins and antibody combinations for immunofluorescence detection of sarcoma CTCs. A microfluidic device that combines filtration and immunoaffinity using gangliosides 2 and cell surface vimentin (CSV) antibodies was employed to capture CTCs. For CTC detection, antibodies against cytokeratins 7 and 8 (CK), pan-cytokeratin (panCK), or a combination of panCK and CSV were used. Thirty-nine blood samples were collected from 21 patients of various sarcoma subtypes. In the independent samples study, samples were subjected to one of three antibody combination choices. Significant difference in CTC enumeration was found between CK and panCK + CSV, and between panCK and panCK + CSV. Upon stratification of CK+ samples, those of metastatic disease had a higher CTC number than those of localized disease. In the paired samples study involving cytokeratin-positive sarcoma subtypes, using panCK antibody detected more CTCs than CK. Similarly, for osteosarcoma, using panCK + CSV combination resulted in a higher CTC count than panCK. This study emphasized deliberate selection of cell surface proteins for sarcoma CTC detection and subtype stratification for studying cancers as heterogeneous as sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh-Chau N Le
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 116250, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Kierstin A Smith
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 116250, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Pablo J Dopico
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 116250, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Beate Greer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Morteza Alipanah
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 116250, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 116250, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Dietmar W Siemann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Joanne P Lagmay
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Z Hugh Fan
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 116250, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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Radhakrishnan V, Kaifi JT, Suvilesh KN. Circulating Tumor Cells: How Far Have We Come with Mining These Seeds of Metastasis? Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:816. [PMID: 38398206 PMCID: PMC10887304 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells that slough off from the tumor and circulate in the peripheral blood and lymphatic system as micro metastases that eventually results in macro metastases. Through a simple blood draw, sensitive CTC detection from clinical samples has proven to be a useful tool for determining the prognosis of cancer. Recent technological developments now make it possible to detect CTCs reliably and repeatedly from a simple and straightforward blood test. Multicenter trials to assess the clinical value of CTCs have demonstrated the prognostic value of these cancer cells. Studies on CTCs have filled huge knowledge gap in understanding the process of metastasis since their identification in the late 19th century. However, these rare cancer cells have not been regularly used to tailor precision medicine and or identify novel druggable targets. In this review, we have attempted to summarize the milestones of CTC-based research from the time of identification to molecular characterization. Additionally, the need for a paradigm shift in dissecting these seeds of metastasis and the possible future avenues to improve CTC-based discoveries are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Radhakrishnan
- Department of Surgery, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, Roy Blunt NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (V.R.); (J.T.K.)
| | - Jussuf T. Kaifi
- Department of Surgery, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, Roy Blunt NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (V.R.); (J.T.K.)
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Kanve N. Suvilesh
- Department of Surgery, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, Roy Blunt NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (V.R.); (J.T.K.)
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
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3
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Lorenzi M, Resi MV, Bonanno L, Frega S, Dal Maso A, Ferro A, Guarneri V, Pasello G. Tissue and circulating biomarkers of benefit to immunotherapy in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer patients. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1308109. [PMID: 38348046 PMCID: PMC10859471 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1308109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Extensive stage-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (ES-SCLC) is an aggressive cancer with dismal prognosis. The addition of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to platinum-based chemotherapy have been consistently demonstrated to improve outcomes and survival, becoming the new standard in first - line treatment of ES-SCLC patients. However, despite positive results reported in the pivotal trials, longer benefit appears evident only for a selected group of patients. Several predictive biomarkers have been studied so far but the prospective identification of patients more likely to experience better outcome seems to be challenging in SCLC. Indeed, classical immune predictive biomarkers as PD-L1 and tumor mutational burden (TMB) seem not to correlate with outcomes. Recently, a new molecular classification of SCLC based on differential expression of genes associated with specific clinical behaviors and therapeutic vulnerability have been presented suggesting a new field to be investigated. Despite the achievements, these studies focused mainly on inter-tumoral heterogeneity, limiting the exploration of intra-tumoral heterogeneity and cell to cell interactions. New analysis methods are ongoing in order to explore subtypes plasticity. Analysis on single biopsies cannot catch the whole genomic profile and dynamic change of disease over time and during treatment. Moreover, the availability of tissue for translational research is limited due to the low proportion of patients undergoing surgery. In this context, liquid biopsy is a promising tool to detect reliable predictive biomarkers. Here, we reviewed the current available data on predictive role of tissue and liquid biomarkers in ES-SCLC patients receiving ICIs. We assessed latest results in terms of predictive and prognostic value of gene expression profiling in SCLC. Finally, we explored the role of liquid biopsy as a tool to monitor SCLC patients over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Lorenzi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Resi
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Bonanno
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Frega
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dal Maso
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ferro
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Guarneri
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Pasello
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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4
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Khan P, Siddiqui JA, Kshirsagar PG, Venkata RC, Maurya SK, Mirzapoiazova T, Perumal N, Chaudhary S, Kanchan RK, Fatima M, Khan MA, Rehman AU, Lakshmanan I, Mahapatra S, Talmon GA, Kulkarni P, Ganti AK, Jain M, Salgia R, Batra SK, Nasser MW. MicroRNA-1 attenuates the growth and metastasis of small cell lung cancer through CXCR4/FOXM1/RRM2 axis. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:1. [PMID: 36597126 PMCID: PMC9811802 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01695-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive lung cancer subtype that is associated with high recurrence and poor prognosis. Due to lack of potential drug targets, SCLC patients have few therapeutic options. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) provide an interesting repertoire of therapeutic molecules; however, the identification of miRNAs regulating SCLC growth and metastasis and their precise regulatory mechanisms are not well understood. METHODS To identify novel miRNAs regulating SCLC, we performed miRNA-sequencing from donor/patient serum samples and analyzed the bulk RNA-sequencing data from the tumors of SCLC patients. Further, we developed a nanotechnology-based, highly sensitive method to detect microRNA-1 (miR-1, identified miRNA) in patient serum samples and SCLC cell lines. To assess the therapeutic potential of miR-1, we developed various in vitro models, including miR-1 sponge (miR-1Zip) and DOX-On-miR-1 (Tet-ON) inducible stable overexpression systems. Mouse models derived from intracardiac injection of SCLC cells (miR-1Zip and DOX-On-miR-1) were established to delineate the role of miR-1 in SCLC metastasis. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the expression of miR-1 and target proteins (mouse and human tumor specimens), respectively. Dual-luciferase assay was used to validate the target of miR-1, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was used to investigate the protein-gene interactions. RESULTS A consistent downregulation of miR-1 was observed in tumor tissues and serum samples of SCLC patients compared to their matched normal controls, and these results were recapitulated in SCLC cell lines. Gain of function studies of miR-1 in SCLC cell lines showed decreased cell growth and oncogenic signaling, whereas loss of function studies of miR-1 rescued this effect. Intracardiac injection of gain of function of miR-1 SCLC cell lines in the mouse models showed a decrease in distant organ metastasis, whereas loss of function of miR-1 potentiated growth and metastasis. Mechanistic studies revealed that CXCR4 is a direct target of miR-1 in SCLC. Using unbiased transcriptomic analysis, we identified CXCR4/FOXM1/RRM2 as a unique axis that regulates SCLC growth and metastasis. Our results further showed that FOXM1 directly binds to the RRM2 promoter and regulates its activity in SCLC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed that miR-1 is a critical regulator for decreasing SCLC growth and metastasis. It targets the CXCR4/FOXM1/RRM2 axis and has a high potential for the development of novel SCLC therapies. MicroRNA-1 (miR-1) downregulation in the tumor tissues and serum samples of SCLC patients is an important hallmark of tumor growth and metastasis. The introduction of miR-1 in SCLC cell lines decreases cell growth and metastasis. Mechanistically, miR-1 directly targets CXCR4, which further prevents FOXM1 binding to the RRM2 promoter and decreases SCLC growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvez Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Jawed Akhtar Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Prakash G Kshirsagar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | | | - Shailendra Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Tamara Mirzapoiazova
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Naveenkumar Perumal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Sanjib Chaudhary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Ranjana Kumari Kanchan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Mahek Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Md Arafat Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Asad Ur Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Imayavaramban Lakshmanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Sidharth Mahapatra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Prakash Kulkarni
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Apar K Ganti
- Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, VA-Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Surinder Kumar Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Mohd Wasim Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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5
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Phenotypic Characterization of Circulating Tumor Cells Isolated from Non-Small and Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010171. [PMID: 36612166 PMCID: PMC9818148 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the expression of JUNB and CXCR4 in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) of lung cancer patients and investigated whether these proteins have prognostic clinical relevance. Peripheral blood from 30 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was filtered using ISET membranes, and cytospins from 37 patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) were analyzed using confocal and VyCAP microscopy. Both JUNB and CXCR4 were expressed in the vast majority of lung cancer patients. Interestingly, the phenotypic patterns differed between NSCLC and SCLC patients; the (CK+/JUNB+/CXCR4+) phenotype was present in 50% of NSCLC vs. 71% of SCLC patients. Similarly, the (CK+/JUNB+/CXCR4−) was present in 44% vs. 71%, the (CK+/JUNB−/CXCR4+) in 6% vs. 71%, and the (CK+/JUNB−/CXCR4−) phenotype in 38% vs. 84%. In NSCLC, the presence of ≥1 CTCs with the (CK+/JUNB+/CXCR4+) phenotype was associated with worse progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.007, HR = 5.21) while ≥2 with poorer overall survival (OS) (p < 0.001, HR = 2.16). In extensive stage SCLC patients, the presence of ≥4 CXCR4-positive CTCs was associated with shorter OS (p = 0.041, HR = 5.01). Consequently, JUNB and CXCR4 were expressed in CTCs from lung cancer patients, and associated with patients’ survival, underlying their key role in tumor progression.
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6
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Jin F, Zhu L, Shao J, Yakoub M, Schmitt L, Reißfelder C, Loges S, Benner A, Schölch S. Circulating tumour cells in patients with lung cancer universally indicate poor prognosis. Eur Respir Rev 2022; 31:31/166/220151. [PMID: 36517047 PMCID: PMC9879327 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0151-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In lung cancer, the relevance of various circulating tumour cell (CTC) subgroups in different lung cancer subtypes is unclear. We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to assess the prognostic value of CTCs in the different histological types of lung cancer, with particular respect to CTC subtypes, cut-offs and time points of CTC enumeration. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Web of Science and Embase alongside relevant studies evaluating the prognostic value of CTCs in lung cancer patients. A random-effects model was used for meta-analysis, calculating hazard ratios (HRs), 95% confidence intervals and p-values. RESULTS 27 studies enrolling 2957 patients were included. CTC detection indicates poor prognosis, especially in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients (overall survival HR 3.11, 95% CI 2.59-3.73) and predicts a worse outcome compared to nonsmall cell lung cancer patients. Epithelial CTCs predict a worse outcome for lung cancer than mesenchymal CTCs or epithelial-mesenchymal hybrids. CONCLUSION CTCs indicate poor prognosis in patients with primary lung cancer, with CTCs in SCLC having a more pronounced prognostic effect. The prognostic value of CTCs detected by different markers varies; most evidence is available for the strong negative prognostic effect of epithelial CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fukang Jin
- JCCU Translational Surgical Oncology (A430), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany,Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany,These co-first authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Lei Zhu
- JCCU Translational Surgical Oncology (A430), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany,Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany,These co-first authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jingbo Shao
- Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mina Yakoub
- JCCU Translational Surgical Oncology (A430), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany,Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lukas Schmitt
- JCCU Translational Surgical Oncology (A430), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany,Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Reißfelder
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany,Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sonja Loges
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany,Division of Personalized Medical Oncology (A420), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,Department of Personalized Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Axel Benner
- Division of Biostatistics (C060), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schölch
- JCCU Translational Surgical Oncology (A430), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany,Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany,Corresponding author: Sebastian Schölch ()
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Mondelo-Macía P, García-González J, Abalo A, Mosquera-Presedo M, Aguín S, Mateos M, López-López R, León-Mateos L, Muinelo-Romay L, Díaz-Peña R. Plasma cell-free DNA and circulating tumor cells as prognostic biomarkers in small cell lung cancer patients. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2022; 11:1995-2009. [PMID: 36386449 PMCID: PMC9641037 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-22-273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of biomarkers for treatment selection and monitoring in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients with the limited therapeutic options, result in poor outcomes. Therefore, new prognostic biomarkers are needed to improve their management. The prognostic value of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been less explored in SCLC. METHODS We quantified cfDNA in 46 SCLC patients at different times during first-line of chemotherapy or chemo-immunotherapy. Moreover, CTCs were analyzed in 21 patients before therapy onset using CellSearch® system. The possible association between both biomarkers and patients' outcomes was investigated in order to develop a prognostic model. RESULTS High cfDNA levels before therapy were associated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Furthermore, cfDNA levels at 3 weeks and at progression disease were also associated with patients' outcomes. Multivariate analyses confirmed the independence of cfDNA levels as a prognostic biomarker. Finally, the three-risk category prognostic model developed included Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS), gender and baseline cfDNA levels was associated with a higher risk of progression and death. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed the prognostic utility of cfDNA quantitative analysis in SCLC patients before and during therapy. Our novel risk prognostic model in clinical practice will allow to identify patients who could benefit with actual therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Mondelo-Macía
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jorge García-González
- Department of Medical Oncology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Abalo
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Santiago Aguín
- Department of Medical Oncology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Mateos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rafael López-López
- Department of Medical Oncology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis León-Mateos
- University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Muinelo-Romay
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Díaz-Peña
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
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8
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Validation of Pretreatment Prognostic Factors and Prognostic Staging Systems for Small Cell Lung Cancer in a Real-World Data Set. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112625. [PMID: 35681605 PMCID: PMC9179878 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We present an analysis of a real-world cohort of patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and examine the value of prognostic factors and scores that have been published in recent decades. In our analysis, only a few clinical (age, tumor stage) and a single laboratory parameter (alkaline phosphatase) are associated with the prognosis of patients with SCLC. We could not confirm the prognostic role of most of the published complex prognostic scores. Abstract Treatment decisions in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) are made based on the extent of the disease. However, the outcome varies among patients at the same stage. A simple tool to predict outcomes in SCLC patients would be helpful for clinical decision-making. In recent years, several prognostic scores have been proposed. In this study, we evaluated the different prognostic factors in an unselected real-world cohort of patients. We retrospectively collected clinical, radiological and laboratory data from 92 patients diagnosed with SCLC. Univariate and multivariate cox regression analyses of survival were performed to assess the prognostic value of relevant clinical and laboratory factors for SCLC. Furthermore, we examined the association between eight published prognostic scores for SCLC and overall survival (OS). In the overall cohort, the median OS was 10.3 months (20.9 months and 9.2 months for limited disease (LD) SCLC and extensive disease (ED) SCLC, respectively). In univariate analysis, initial staging, number of metastatic sites and presence of liver, bone and adrenal gland metastases were significantly associated with worse OS. Of the established laboratory markers, albumin, alkaline phosphatase and hyponatremia but not lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) significantly predicted OS. All published prognostic scores, with the exception of the Glasgow Prognostic Score, did not significantly predict OS. In multivariate analysis, age, staging and alkaline phosphatase serum levels showed significant association with OS. We could not confirm the prognostic significance of most of the published complex prognostic scores. We therefore recommend using simple clinical and laboratory factors instead of complex scores to estimate the prognosis of SCLC patients in clinical practice.
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Characteristics of immunophenotypes and immunological in tumor microenvironment and analysis of immune implication of CXCR4 in gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5720. [PMID: 35388021 PMCID: PMC8986874 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08622-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of gastric cancer (GC) is a complicated process involving multiple factors and multiple steps. The tumor–immune microenvironment is essential for the growth of GC and affects the prognosis of patients. We performed multiple machine learning algorithms to identify immunophenotypes and immunological characteristics in GC patients’ information from the TCGA database and extracted immune genes relevance of the GC immune microenvironment. C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), belongs to the C-X-C chemokine receptor family, which can promote the invasion and migration of tumor cells. CXCR4 expression is significantly correlated to metastasis and the worse prognosis. In this work, we assessed the condition of immune cells and identified the connection between CXCR4 and GC immune microenvironment, as well as the signaling pathways that mediate the immune responses involved in CXCR4. The work showed the risk scores generated by CXCR4-related immunomodulators could distinguish risk groups consisting of differential expression genes and could use for the personalized prognosis prediction. The findings suggested that CXCR4 is involved in tumor immunity of GC, and CXCR4 is considered as a potential prognostic biomarker and immunotherapy target of GC. The prognostic immune markers from CXCR4-associated immunomodulators can independently predict the overall survival of GC.
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Jiang AM, Zheng HR, Liu N, Zhao R, Ma YY, Bai SH, Tian T, Liang X, Ruan ZP, Fu X, Yao Y. Assessment of the Clinical Utility of Circulating Tumor Cells at Different Time Points in Predicting Prognosis of Patients With Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Cancer Control 2021; 28:10732748211050581. [PMID: 34654345 PMCID: PMC8521771 DOI: 10.1177/10732748211050581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Numerous studies have elucidated that circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have significant prognostic value in various solid tumors. However, the prognostic value of CTCs in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains controversial. The current study was performed to investigate the prognostic significance of different time points of CTCs in SCLC. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were retrieved for eligible studies. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to investigate the association between CTCs level and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in SCLC. Furthermore, subgroup analyses, sensitivity analysis, Begg’s and Egger’s tests were also conducted. Results Sixteen cohort studies with 1103 participants were eligible for this meta-analysis. Our results revealed that higher pretreatment CTCs level was significantly correlated with worse OS in SCLC no matter CellSearch (HR, 2.95; 95%CI, 1.56-5.58; P = .001) or other methods (HR, 2.37; 95%CI, 1.13-4.99; P = .023) was used to detect CTCs. Higher pretreatment CTCs status detected by CellSearch was associated with shorter PFS (HR, 3.75; 95%CI, 2.52-5.57; P < .001), while there was no significant association when other methods were adopted to CTC detection (HR, 2.04; 95%CI, .73-5.68; P = .172). Likewise, we observed that higher post-therapy CTCs level detected by both CellSearch (HR, 2.99; 95%CI, 1.51-5.93; P = .002) and other methods (HR, 4.79; 95%CI, 2.03-11.32; P < .001) was significantly correlated with decreased OS in SCLC. However, higher post-therapy CTCs count detected by CellSearch was not correlated with worse PFS (HR, 1.80; 95%CI, .83-3.90; P = .135). Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the pooled data were still stable after eliminating studies one by one. However, significant publication bias was observed between pretreatment CTCs level detected by CellSearch and OS of SCLC. Conclusion Dynamic monitoring of CTCs level could be a non-invasive and effective tool to predict the disease progression and prognosis in patients with SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Min Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology,162798The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Ran Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology,162798The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology,162798The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, 540681Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Yan Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology,162798The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Heng Bai
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, 162798The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Tian
- Department of Medical Oncology,162798The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology,162798The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ping Ruan
- Department of Medical Oncology,162798The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Fu
- Department of Medical Oncology,162798The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yao
- Department of Medical Oncology,162798The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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11
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Pizzutilo EG, Pedrani M, Amatu A, Ruggieri L, Lauricella C, Veronese SM, Signorelli D, Cerea G, Giannetta L, Siena S, Sartore-Bianchi A. Liquid Biopsy for Small Cell Lung Cancer either De Novo or Transformed: Systematic Review of Different Applications and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2265. [PMID: 34066817 PMCID: PMC8125928 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential added value of liquid biopsy (LB) is not well determined in the case of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), an aggressive tumor that can occur either de novo or from the histologic transformation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS A systematic review of studies adopting LB in patients with SCLC have been performed to assess the clinical utility of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) or circulating tumor cells (CTCs). RESULTS After a screening of 728 records, 62 studies (32 evaluating CTCs, 27 ctDNA, and 3 both) met predetermined eligibility criteria. Only four studies evaluated LB in the diagnostic setting for SCLC, while its prognostic significance was evaluated in 38 studies and prominently supported by both ctDNA and CTCs. A meta-analysis of 11 studies as for CTCs enumeration showed an HR for overall survival of 2.63 (1.71-4.05), with a potential publication bias. The feasibility of tumor genomic profiling and the predictive role of LB in terms of response/resistance to chemotherapy was assessed in 11 and 24 studies, respectively, with greater consistency for those regarding ctDNA. Intriguingly, several case reports suggest that LB can indirectly capture the transition to SCLC in NSCLC treated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS While dedicated trials are needed, LB holds potential clinical roles in both de novo and transformed SCLC. CtDNA analysis appears the most valuable and practicable tool for both disease monitoring and genomic profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elio Gregory Pizzutilo
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy; (E.G.P.); (M.P.); (A.A.); (L.R.); (C.L.); (S.M.V.); (D.S.); (G.C.); (L.G.); (S.S.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Martino Pedrani
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy; (E.G.P.); (M.P.); (A.A.); (L.R.); (C.L.); (S.M.V.); (D.S.); (G.C.); (L.G.); (S.S.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Amatu
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy; (E.G.P.); (M.P.); (A.A.); (L.R.); (C.L.); (S.M.V.); (D.S.); (G.C.); (L.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Lorenzo Ruggieri
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy; (E.G.P.); (M.P.); (A.A.); (L.R.); (C.L.); (S.M.V.); (D.S.); (G.C.); (L.G.); (S.S.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Calogero Lauricella
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy; (E.G.P.); (M.P.); (A.A.); (L.R.); (C.L.); (S.M.V.); (D.S.); (G.C.); (L.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Silvio Marco Veronese
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy; (E.G.P.); (M.P.); (A.A.); (L.R.); (C.L.); (S.M.V.); (D.S.); (G.C.); (L.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Diego Signorelli
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy; (E.G.P.); (M.P.); (A.A.); (L.R.); (C.L.); (S.M.V.); (D.S.); (G.C.); (L.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Giulio Cerea
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy; (E.G.P.); (M.P.); (A.A.); (L.R.); (C.L.); (S.M.V.); (D.S.); (G.C.); (L.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Laura Giannetta
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy; (E.G.P.); (M.P.); (A.A.); (L.R.); (C.L.); (S.M.V.); (D.S.); (G.C.); (L.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Salvatore Siena
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy; (E.G.P.); (M.P.); (A.A.); (L.R.); (C.L.); (S.M.V.); (D.S.); (G.C.); (L.G.); (S.S.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Sartore-Bianchi
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy; (E.G.P.); (M.P.); (A.A.); (L.R.); (C.L.); (S.M.V.); (D.S.); (G.C.); (L.G.); (S.S.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
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12
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Fang H, Cavaliere A, Li Z, Huang Y, Marquez-Nostra B. Preclinical Advances in Theranostics for the Different Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:627693. [PMID: 33986665 PMCID: PMC8111013 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.627693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. The heterogeneity of breast cancer and drug resistance to therapies make the diagnosis and treatment difficult. Molecular imaging methods with positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) provide useful tools to diagnose, predict, and monitor the response of therapy, contributing to precision medicine for breast cancer patients. Recently, many efforts have been made to find new targets for breast cancer therapy to overcome resistance to standard of care treatments, giving rise to new therapeutic agents to offer more options for patients with breast cancer. The combination of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies forms the foundation of theranostics. Some of these theranostic agents exhibit high potential to be translated to clinic. In this review, we highlight the most recent advances in theranostics of the different molecular subtypes of breast cancer in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyi Fang
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Alessandra Cavaliere
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ziqi Li
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiyun Huang
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Bernadette Marquez-Nostra
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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13
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De Luca A, Gallo M, Esposito C, Morabito A, Normanno N. Promising Role of Circulating Tumor Cells in the Management of SCLC. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2029. [PMID: 33922300 PMCID: PMC8122820 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer is an aggressive disease for which few therapeutic options are currently available. Although patients initially respond to therapy, they rapidly relapse. Up to today, no biomarkers for guiding treatment of SCLC patients have been identified. SCLC patients rarely undergo surgery and often the available tissue samples are inadequate for biomarker analysis. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are rare cells in the peripheral blood that might be used as surrogates of tissue samples. Different methodological approaches have been developed for studies of CTCs in SCLC. In addition to CTC count, which might provide prognostic and predictive information, genomic and transcriptomic analyses allow the characterization of molecular profiles of CTCs and permit the study of tumor heterogeneity. The employment of CTC-derived xenografts offers complementary information to genomic analyses and CTC enumeration about the mechanisms involved in the sensitivity/resistance to treatments. Using these approaches, CTC analysis is providing relevant information on SCLC biology that might aid in the development of personalized therapeutic strategies for SCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella De Luca
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS—Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.L.); (M.G.); (C.E.)
| | - Marianna Gallo
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS—Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.L.); (M.G.); (C.E.)
| | - Claudia Esposito
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS—Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.L.); (M.G.); (C.E.)
| | - Alessandro Morabito
- Thoracic Medical Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS—Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Nicola Normanno
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS—Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.L.); (M.G.); (C.E.)
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14
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Mondelo-Macía P, García-González J, León-Mateos L, Castillo-García A, López-López R, Muinelo-Romay L, Díaz-Peña R. Current Status and Future Perspectives of Liquid Biopsy in Small Cell Lung Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:48. [PMID: 33430290 PMCID: PMC7825645 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 19% of all cancer-related deaths are due to lung cancer, which is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) affects approximately 15% of patients diagnosed with lung cancer. SCLC is characterized by aggressiveness; the majority of SCLC patients present with metastatic disease, and less than 5% of patients are alive at 5 years. The gold standard of SCLC treatment is platinum and etoposide-based chemotherapy; however, its effects are short. In recent years, treatment for SCLC has changed; new drugs have been approved, and new biomarkers are needed for treatment selection. Liquid biopsy is a non-invasive, rapid, repeated and alternative tool to the traditional tumor biopsy that could allow the most personalized medicine into the management of SCLC patients. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) are the most commonly used liquid biopsy biomarkers. Some studies have reported the prognostic factors of CTCs and cfDNA in SCLC patients, independent of the stage. In this review, we summarize the recent SCLC studies of CTCs, cfDNA and other liquid biopsy biomarkers, and we discuss the future utility of liquid biopsy in the clinical management of SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Mondelo-Macía
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (P.M.-M.); (L.M.-R.)
| | - Jorge García-González
- Department of Medical Oncology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (J.G.-G.); (L.L.-M.); (R.L.-L.)
- Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis León-Mateos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (J.G.-G.); (L.L.-M.); (R.L.-L.)
- Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rafael López-López
- Department of Medical Oncology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (J.G.-G.); (L.L.-M.); (R.L.-L.)
- Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Muinelo-Romay
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (P.M.-M.); (L.M.-R.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Díaz-Peña
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (P.M.-M.); (L.M.-R.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Cortés-Hernández LE, Eslami-S Z, Dujon AM, Giraudeau M, Ujvari B, Thomas F, Alix-Panabières C. Do malignant cells sleep at night? Genome Biol 2020; 21:276. [PMID: 33183336 PMCID: PMC7659113 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02179-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological rhythms regulate the biology of most, if not all living creatures, from whole organisms to their constitutive cells, their microbiota, and also parasites. Here, we present the hypothesis that internal and external ecological variations induced by biological cycles also influence or are exploited by cancer cells, especially by circulating tumor cells, the key players in the metastatic cascade. We then discuss the possible clinical implications of the effect of biological cycles on cancer progression, and how they could be exploited to improve and standardize methods used in the liquid biopsy field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Eslami-S
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Antoine M Dujon
- CREEC (CREES), Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mathieu Giraudeau
- CREEC (CREES), Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- CREEC (CREES), Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- CREEC (CREES), Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique (IURC), 641, avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34093, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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16
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Kallergi G, Hoffmann O, Bittner AK, Papadimitriou L, Katsarou SD, Zacharopoulou N, Zervakis M, Sfakianakis S, Stournaras C, Georgoulias V, Kimmig R, Kasimir-Bauer S. CXCR4 and JUNB double-positive disseminated tumor cells are detected frequently in breast cancer patients at primary diagnosis. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835919895754. [PMID: 32426042 PMCID: PMC7222234 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919895754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The chemokine receptor CXCR4 and the transcription factor JUNB, expressed on a variety of tumor cells, seem to play an important role in the metastatic process. Since disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow (BM) have been associated with worse outcomes, we evaluated the expression of CXCR4 and JUNB in DTCs of primary, nonmetastatic breast cancer (BC) patients before the onset of any systemic treatment. Methods: Bilateral BM (10 ml) aspirations of 39 hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-negative BC patients were assessed for the presence of DTCs using the following combination of antibodies: pan-cytokeratin (A45-B/B3)/CXCR4/JUNB. An expression pattern of the examined proteins was created using confocal laser scanning microscopy, Image J software and BC cell lines. Results: CXCR4 was overexpressed in cancer cells and DTCs, with the following hierarchy of expression: SKBR3 > MCF7 > DTCs > MDA-MB231. Accordingly, the expression pattern of JUNB was: DTCs > MDA-MB231 > SKBR3 > MCF7. The mean intensity of CXCR4 (6411 ± 334) and JUNB (27725.64 ± 470) in DTCs was statistically higher compared with BM hematopoietic cells (2009 ± 456, p = 0.001; and 11112.89 ± 545, p = 0.001, respectively). The (CXCR4+JUNB+CK+) phenotype was the most frequently detected [90% (35/39)], followed by the (CXCR4–JUNB+CK+) phenotype [36% (14/39)]. However, (CXCR4+JUNB–CK+) tumor cells were found in only 5% (3/39) of patients. Those patients harboring DTCs with the (CXCR4+JUNB+CK+) phenotype revealed lower overall survival (Cox regression: p = 0.023). Conclusions: (CXCR4+JUNB+CK+)-expressing DTCs, detected frequently in the BM of BC patients, seem to identify a subgroup of patients at higher risk for relapse that may be considered for close follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Hoffmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Bittner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lina Papadimitriou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, (IESL-FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Nefeli Zacharopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Michalis Zervakis
- Digital Image and Signal Processing Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece
| | - Stelios Sfakianakis
- Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, (IESL-FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Christos Stournaras
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Rainer Kimmig
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sabine Kasimir-Bauer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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17
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Zhang W, Zeng Y, Wang L, Liu Y, Cheng YN. An Effective Graph Clustering Method to Identify Cancer Driver Modules. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:271. [PMID: 32318558 PMCID: PMC7154174 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the molecular modules that drive cancer progression can greatly deepen the understanding of cancer mechanisms and provide useful information for targeted therapies. Most methods currently addressing this issue primarily use mutual exclusivity without making full use of the extra layer of module property. In this paper, we propose MCLCluster to identity cancer driver modules, which use somatic mutation data, Cancer Cell Fraction (CCF) data, gene functional interaction network and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to derive the module property on mutual exclusivity, connectivity in PPI network and functionally similarity of genes. We have taken three effective measures to ensure the effectiveness of our algorithm. First, we use CCF data to choose stronger signals and more confident mutations. Second, the weighted gene functional interaction network is used to quantify the gene functional similarity in PPI. The third, graph clustering method based on Markov is exploited to extract the candidate module. MCLCluster is tested in the two TCGA datasets (GBM and BRCA), and identifies several well-known oncogenes driver modules and some modules with functionally associated driver genes. Besides, we compare it with Multi-Dendrix, FSME Cluster and RME in simulated dataset with background noise and passenger rate, MCLCluster outperforming all of these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- College of Computer Engineering and Applied Mathematics, Changsha University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Industrial Internet Technology and Security, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Yifu Zeng
- College of Computer Engineering and Applied Mathematics, Changsha University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Industrial Internet Technology and Security, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Computer Engineering and Applied Mathematics, Changsha University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Internet of Things and Information Security, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Yue Liu
- College of Computer Science and Electronics Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi-Nan Cheng
- College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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18
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Lu Y, Jiang J, Ren C. The clinicopathological and prognostic value of the pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230979. [PMID: 32241019 PMCID: PMC7117946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many scholars have recently studied the relationships between the pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and prognosis in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), the conclusions have been inconsistent. Accordingly, in this meta-analysis, we attempted to assess the clinicopathological and prognostic value of the pretreatment NLR in SCLC. Related literature was searched using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Literature, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases. Each eligible study was extracted, and a meta-analysis was performed using hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to assess the prognostic value of NLR. Evaluation of the clinicopathological significance of NLR in SCLC used odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). We included a total of 20 studies with 21 outcomes (5141 patients) in this meta-analysis. The results showed that high pretreatment NLR was closely related to poorer progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) (PFS, HR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.27-1.88, P < 0.0001; I2 = 0%; OS, HR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.26-1.55, P < 0.00001; I2 = 64%). In addition, pretreatment NLR was significantly associated with clinical stage of SCLC (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.35-3.39, P = 0.001). Our meta-analysis showed that high levels of pretreatment NLR were significantly associated with a more serious clinical stage and poorer PFS and OS in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Clinical Laboratory, DongYang People’s Hospital, Dongyang, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail:
| | - JinWen Jiang
- Clinical Laboratory, DongYang People’s Hospital, Dongyang, Zhejiang, China
| | - ChaoXiang Ren
- Clinical Laboratory, DongYang People’s Hospital, Dongyang, Zhejiang, China
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19
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Bai T, Mai R, Ye J, Chen J, Qi L, Tang J, Wei M, Zhang L, Chen Z, Tang Z, Li L, Wu F. Circulating tumor cells and CXCR4 in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:1384-1394. [PMID: 35117486 PMCID: PMC8798757 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2020.01.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background This study was to determine circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and the expression of CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) in primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the relationships with prognosis. Methods We used an advanced CanPatrolTM CTC-enrichment technique to collect CTCs for isolation and characterization from blood samples. The RNA in situ hybridization (RNA-ISH) method, which is based on branched DNA (bDNA) signal amplification technology, was used to determine the expression of CXCR4 according to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in 99 patients with primary liver cancer in blood samples pre-operatively. The relationship between the EMT markers and HCC was determined. Results The positive rates of CTCs and CXCR4 were 89.9% and 58.8%, respectively. CTCs were positively correlated with the Barcelona clinic liver cancer (BCLC) staging, tumor diameter and number, envelope, microsatellite damage, portal vein thrombosis, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and hepatitis B DNA, and negatively correlated with Edmondson grade. There were significant differences in the expression of CXCR4 between interstitial CTCs and mixed CTCs. A total of 99 patients underwent CTCs testing prior to surgery. The tumor-free survival time of HCC patients with interstitial CTCs <1 (13.3 months) was significantly longer than patients with interstitial CTCs ≥1 (5.0 months) pre-operatively. Conclusions CTC-positivity was shown to be associated with HCC and can be used as an independent prognostic factor for HCC. High CXCR4 protein expression was more common in mixed CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning 530021, China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Rongyun Mai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning 530021, China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jiazhou Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning 530021, China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning 530021, China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Lunan Qi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning 530021, China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Juan Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning 530021, China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Meng Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning 530021, China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Lianda Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning 530021, China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning 530021, China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhihong Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning 530021, China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Lequn Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning 530021, China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Feixiang Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning 530021, China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning 530021, China
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20
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Malczewska A, Kidd M, Matar S, Kos-Kudła B, Bodei L, Oberg K, Modlin IM. An Assessment of Circulating Chromogranin A as a Biomarker of Bronchopulmonary Neuroendocrine Neoplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neuroendocrinology 2020; 110:198-216. [PMID: 31266019 DOI: 10.1159/000500525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Management of bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasia (NEN; pulmonary carcinoids [PCs], small-cell lung cancer [SCLC], and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma) is hampered by the paucity of biomarkers. Chromogranin A (CgA), the default neuroendocrine tumor biomarker, has undergone wide assessment in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. OBJECTIVES To evaluate CgA in lung NEN, define its clinical utility as a biomarker, assess its diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive efficacy, as well as its accuracy in the identification of disease recurrence. METHODS A systematic review of PubMed was undertaken using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. No language restrictions were applied. Overall, 33 original scientific papers and 3 case reports, which met inclusion criteria, were included in qualitative analysis, and meta-analysis thereafter. All studies, except 2, were retrospective. Meta-analysis statistical assessment by generic inverse variance methodology. RESULTS Ten different CgA assay types were reported, without consistency in the upper limit of normal (ULN). For PCs (n = 16 studies; median patient inclusion 21 [range 1-200, total: 591 patients]), the CgA diagnostic sensitivity was 34.5 ± 2.7% with a specificity of 93.8 ± 4.7. CgA metrics were not available separately for typical or atypical carcinoids. CgA >100 ng/mL (2.7 × ULN) and >600 ng/mL (ULN unspecified) were anecdotally prognostic for overall survival (n = 2 retrospective studies). No evidence was presented for predicting treatment response or identifying post-surgery residual disease. For SCLC (n = 19 studies; median patient inclusion 23 [range 5-251, total: 1,241 patients]), the mean diagnostic sensitivity was 59.9 ± 6.8% and specificity 79.4 ± 3.1. Extensive disease typically exhibited higher CgA levels (diagnostic accuracy: 61 ± 2.5%). An elevated CgA was prognostic for overall survival (n = 4 retrospective studies). No prospective studies evaluating predictive benefit or prognostic utility were identified. CONCLUSION The available data are scarce. An assessment of all published data showed that CgA exhibits major limitations as an effective and accurate biomarker for either PC or SCLC. Its utility especially for localized PC/limited SCLC (when surgery is potentially curative), is limited. The clinical value of CgA remains to be determined. This requires validated, well-constructed, multicenter, prospective, randomized studies. An assessment of all published data indicates that CgA does not exhibit the minimum required metrics to function as a clinically useful biomarker for lung NENs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Malczewska
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Mark Kidd
- Wren Laboratories, Branford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Somer Matar
- Wren Laboratories, Branford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Beata Kos-Kudła
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Lisa Bodei
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kjell Oberg
- Department of Endocrine Oncology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Irvin M Modlin
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA,
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21
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Brylka LJ, Schinke T. Chemokines in Physiological and Pathological Bone Remodeling. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2182. [PMID: 31572390 PMCID: PMC6753917 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone matrix is constantly remodeled by bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts. These two cell types are fundamentally different in terms of progenitor cells, mode of action and regulation by specific molecules, acting either systemically or locally. Importantly, there is increasing evidence for an impact of cell types or molecules of the adaptive and innate immune system on bone remodeling. Understanding these influences is the major goal of a novel research area termed osteoimmunology, which is of key relevance in the context of inflammation-induced bone loss, skeletal metastases, and diseases of impaired bone remodeling, such as osteoporosis. This review article aims at summarizing the current knowledge on one particular aspect of osteoimmunology, namely the impact of chemokines on skeletal cells in order to regulate bone remodeling under physiological and pathological conditions. Chemokines have key roles in the adaptive immune system by controlling migration, localization, and function of immune cells during inflammation. The vast majority of chemokines are divided into two subgroups based on the pattern of cysteine residues. More specifically, there are 27 known C-C-chemokines, binding to 10 different C-C receptors, and 17 known C-X-C-chemokines binding to seven different C-X-C receptors. Three additional chemokines do not fall into this category, and only one of them, i.e., CX3CL1, has been shown to influence bone remodeling cell types. There is a large amount of published studies demonstrating specific effects of certain chemokines on differentiation and function of osteoclasts and/or osteoblasts. Chemokine signaling by skeletal cells or by other cells of the bone marrow niche regulates bone formation and resorption through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. In vivo evidence from mouse deficiency models strongly supports the role of certain chemokine signaling pathways in bone remodeling. We will summarize these data in the present review with a special focus on the most established subsets of chemokines. In combination with the other review articles of this issue, the knowledge presented here confirms that there is a physiologically relevant crosstalk between the innate immune system and bone remodeling cell types, whose molecular understanding is of high clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Brylka
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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22
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Kallergi G, Tsintari V, Sfakianakis S, Bei E, Lagoudaki E, Koutsopoulos A, Zacharopoulou N, Alkahtani S, Alarifi S, Stournaras C, Zervakis M, Georgoulias V. The prognostic value of JUNB-positive CTCs in metastatic breast cancer: from bioinformatics to phenotypic characterization. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:86. [PMID: 31370904 PMCID: PMC6676640 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are important for metastatic dissemination of cancer. They can provide useful information, regarding biological features and tumor heterogeneity; however, their detection and characterization are difficult due to their limited number in the bloodstream and their mesenchymal characteristics. Therefore, new biomarkers are needed to address these questions. Methods Bioinformatics functional enrichment analysis revealed a subgroup of 24 genes, potentially overexpressed in CTCs. Among these genes, the chemokine receptor CXCR4 plays a central role. After prioritization according to the CXCR4 corresponding pathways, five molecules (JUNB, YWHAB, TYROBP, NFYA, and PRDX1) were selected for further analysis in biological samples. The SKBR3, MDA-MB231, and MCF7 cell lines, as well as PBMCs from normal (n = 10) blood donors, were used as controls to define the expression pattern of all the examined molecules. Consequently, 100 previously untreated metastatic breast cancer (mBC) patients (n = 100) were analyzed using the following combinations of antibodies: CK (cytokeratin)/CXCR4/JUNB, CK/NFYA/ΥWHΑΒ (14-3-3), and CK/TYROBP/PRDX1. A threshold value for every molecule was considered the mean expression in normal PBMCs. Results Quantification of CXCR4 revealed overexpression of the receptor in SKBR3 and in CTCs, following the subsequent scale (SKBR3>CTCs>Hela>MCF7>MDA-MB231). JUNB was also overexpressed in CTCs (SKBR3>CTCs>MCF7>MDA-MB231>Hela). According to the defined threshold for each molecule, CXCR4-positive CTCs were identified in 90% of the patients with detectable tumor cells in their blood. In addition, 65%, 75%, 14.3%, and 12.5% of the patients harbored JUNB-, TYROBP-, NFYA-, and PRDX-positive CTCs, respectively. Conversely, none of the patients revealed YWHAB-positive CTCs. Interestingly, JUNB expression in CTCs was phenotypically and statistically enhanced compared to patients’ blood cells (p = 0.002) providing a possible new biomarker for CTCs. Furthermore, the detection of JUNB-positive CTCs in patients was associated with poorer PFS (p = 0.015) and OS (p = 0.002). Moreover, JUNB staining of 11 primary and 4 metastatic tumors from the same cohort of patients revealed a dramatic increase of JUNB expression in metastasis. Conclusions CXCR4, JUNB, and TYROBP were overexpressed in CTCs, but only the expression of JUNB was associated with poor prognosis, providing a new biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for the elimination of CTCs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-019-1166-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galatea Kallergi
- Laboratory of Τumor Cell Βiology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece. .,Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. .,Hellenic Oncology Research Group (HORG), Athens, Greece.
| | - Vasileia Tsintari
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology, Immunology and Pulmology, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stelios Sfakianakis
- Computational BioMedicine Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ekaterini Bei
- Digital Image and Signal Processing Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece
| | - Eleni Lagoudaki
- Department of Pathology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Nefeli Zacharopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Department of Zoology, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alarifi
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Department of Zoology, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christos Stournaras
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Michalis Zervakis
- Digital Image and Signal Processing Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece
| | - Vassilis Georgoulias
- Laboratory of Τumor Cell Βiology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Hellenic Oncology Research Group (HORG), Athens, Greece
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23
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Wei T, Zhu D, Yang Y, Yuan G, Xie H, Shen R. The application of nano-enrichment in CTC detection and the clinical significance of CTCs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219129. [PMID: 31344053 PMCID: PMC6657845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are an independent prognostic marker in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). CTC numbers are closely related to early diagnosis, clinical stage, therapy surveillance, and prognosis of NSCLC. We used a more efficient nano-enrichment method to detect CTCs in NSCLC patients and explored the clinical value of CTCs. The results showed that CTC numbers in stage IV cases were significantly higher than those in stage I, II or III cases. The number of CTCs in poorly-differentiated cases was significantly higher than that in well-differentiated cases. During six chemotherapy cycles, the average CTC number decreased from 5.8/7.5 ml in cycle #1 to 2.4/7.5 ml in cycle #4 and remained at almost the same level from 4 to 6 cycles. CTC numbers in patients with EGFR mutations was significantly higher than those in patients with no mutations. The average progression free survival (PFS) in the favorable group (CTC ≤ 5/7.5 ml) was 11.3 months, which was longer than that in the unfavorable group (CTC > 5/7.5 ml, 7.2 months). In conclusion, the assessment of NSCLC cannot be performed using a single CTC analysis. The clinical value is more significant in the continuous analysis of CTC data, as well as the cross-validation of other indexes and imaging results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengteng Wei
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Suzhou Municipal Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Donglin Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Suzhou Municipal Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Suzhou Municipal Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangda Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Suzhou Municipal Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongya Xie
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Suzhou Municipal Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongming Shen
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Suzhou Municipal Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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24
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Ieranò C, D'Alterio C, Giarra S, Napolitano M, Rea G, Portella L, Santagata A, Trotta AM, Barbieri A, Campani V, Luciano A, Arra C, Anniciello AM, Botti G, Mayol L, De Rosa G, Pacelli R, Scala S. CXCL12 loaded-dermal filler captures CXCR4 expressing melanoma circulating tumor cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:562. [PMID: 31332163 PMCID: PMC6646345 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1796-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Development of distant metastasis relies on interactions between cancer and stromal cells. CXCL12, also known as stromal-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α), is a major chemokine constitutively secreted in bone marrow, lymph nodes, liver and lung, playing a critical role in the migration and seeding of neoplastic cells. CXCL12 activates the CXCR4 receptor that is overexpressed in several human cancer cells. Recent evidence reveals that tumors induce pre-metastatic niches in target organ producing tumor-derived factors. Pre-metastatic niches represent a tumor growth-favoring microenvironment in absence of cancer cells. A commercially available dermal filler, hyaluronic acid (HA) -based gel, loaded with CXCL12 (CLG) reproduced a "fake" pre-metastatic niche. In vitro, B16-hCXCR4-GFP, human cxcr4 expressing murine melanoma cells efficiently migrated toward CLG. In vivo, CLGs and empty gels (EGs) were subcutaneously injected into C57BL/6 mice and 5 days later B16-hCXCR4-GFP cells were intravenously inoculated. CLGs were able to recruit a significantly higher number of B16-hCXCR4-GFP cells as compared to EGs, with reduced lung metastasis in mice carrying CLG. CLG were infiltrated by higher number of CD45-positive leukocytes, mainly neutrophils CD11b+Ly6G+ cells, myeloid CD11b+Ly6G- and macrophages F4/80. CLG recovered cells recapitulated the features of B16-hCXCR4-GFP (epithelial, melanin rich, MELAN A/ S100/ c-Kit/CXCR4 pos; α-SMA neg). Thus a HA-based dermal filler loaded with CXCL12 can attract and trap CXCR4+tumor cells. The CLG trapped cells can be recovered and biologically characterized. As a corollary, a reduction in CXCR4 dependent lung metastasis was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Ieranò
- Functional Genomics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione "G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Crescenzo D'Alterio
- Functional Genomics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione "G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Simona Giarra
- Department of Pharmacy, Federico II University, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Napolitano
- Functional Genomics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione "G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Rea
- Functional Genomics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione "G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Portella
- Functional Genomics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione "G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Assunta Santagata
- Functional Genomics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione "G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Trotta
- Functional Genomics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione "G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbieri
- Animal Facility, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione "G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Luciano
- Animal Facility, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione "G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudio Arra
- Animal Facility, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione "G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Anniciello
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione "G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione "G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Laura Mayol
- Department of Pharmacy, Federico II University, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Pacelli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University School of Medicine, Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefania Scala
- Functional Genomics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione "G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy.
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25
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Rizzo FM, Vesely C, Childs A, Marafioti T, Khan MS, Mandair D, Cives M, Ensell L, Lowe H, Akarca AU, Luong T, Caplin M, Toumpanakis C, Krell D, Thirlwell C, Silvestris F, Hartley JA, Meyer T. Circulating tumour cells and their association with bone metastases in patients with neuroendocrine tumours. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:294-300. [PMID: 30636773 PMCID: PMC6353867 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0367-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone metastases are associated with a worse outcome in patients with neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). Tumour overexpression of C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) appears predictive of skeletal involvement. We investigated the role of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and CXCR4 expression on CTCs as potential predictors of skeleton invasion. Methods Blood from patients with metastatic bronchial, midgut or pancreatic NET (pNET) was analysed by CellSearch. CXCR4 immunohistochemistry was performed on matched formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples. Results Two hundred and fifty-four patients were recruited with 121 midgut and 119 pNETs, of which 51 and 36% had detectable CTCs, respectively. Bone metastases were reported in 30% of midgut and 23% of pNET patients and were significantly associated with CTC presence (p = 0.003 and p < 0.0001). In a subgroup of 40 patients, 85% patients with CTCs had CTCs positive for CXCR4 expression. The proportion of CXCR4-positive CTCs in patients with bone metastases was 56% compared to 35% in those without (p = 0.18) it. Staining for CXCR4 on matched FFPE tissue showed a trend towards a correlation with CXCR4 expression on CTCs (p = 0.08). Conclusions CTC presence is associated with bone metastases in NETs. CXCR4 may be involved in CTC osteotropism and present a therapeutic target to reduce skeletal morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca M Rizzo
- Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Clare Vesely
- Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alexa Childs
- Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Teresa Marafioti
- Department of Pathology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mohid S Khan
- Wales Neuroendocrine Tumour Service, Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Dalvinder Mandair
- Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mauro Cives
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Leah Ensell
- Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Helen Lowe
- Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ayse U Akarca
- Department of Pathology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - TuVinh Luong
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Martyn Caplin
- Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Christos Toumpanakis
- Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Daniel Krell
- Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Department of Oncology, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Christina Thirlwell
- Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.,Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Department of Oncology, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - John A Hartley
- Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tim Meyer
- Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK. .,Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Department of Oncology, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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26
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Kapeleris J, Kulasinghe A, Warkiani ME, Vela I, Kenny L, O'Byrne K, Punyadeera C. The Prognostic Role of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) in Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2018; 8:311. [PMID: 30155443 PMCID: PMC6102369 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer affects over 1. 8 million people worldwide and is the leading cause of cancer related mortality globally. Currently, diagnosis of lung cancer involves a combination of imaging and invasive biopsies to confirm histopathology. Non-invasive diagnostic techniques under investigation include "liquid biopsies" through a simple blood draw to develop predictive and prognostic biomarkers. A better understanding of circulating tumor cell (CTC) dissemination mechanisms offers promising potential for the development of techniques to assist in the diagnosis of lung cancer. Enumeration and characterization of CTCs has the potential to act as a prognostic biomarker and to identify novel drug targets for a precision medicine approach to lung cancer care. This review will focus on the current status of CTCs and their potential diagnostic and prognostic utility in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kapeleris
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Arutha Kulasinghe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Majid E. Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ian Vela
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Liz Kenny
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Central Integrated Regional Cancer Service, Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kenneth O'Byrne
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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27
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Barnett CM, Sommerville RS, Lin C, Ratnayake G, Hughes B, Taheri T. CXCR4 and PD-1 Expression in Head and Neck Cancer with Perineural Spread. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2018; 80:18-22. [PMID: 30733896 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1660846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Perineural spread (PNS) is a marker of aggressiveness and has been shown to occur in cranial nerves due to advanced mucosal and cutaneous head and neck cancer. Receptors CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) have been shown to be overexpressed in a variety of cancers with PNS, with the inhibition of these pathways offering a potential future treatment. Methods Retrospective immunohistochemical staining for the CXCR4 and PD-1 receptors was performed on 28 head and neck specimens that demonstrated PNS from January 2017 to August 2017, at Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia. Results CXCR4 staining was positive in 52 and 60% of the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenoid cystic carcinoma PNS specimens, respectively. Cutaneous SCC tumors with no PNS stained positively in 33%. No significant staining for PD-1 in peritumoral lymphocytes or tumor specimens was seen. Conclusion CXCR4 is overexpressed in advanced skin cancer and head and neck tumors that demonstrated PNS to large cranial nerves. Overall, these results provide strong support for using CXCR4 as a biomarker and further investigation of immunotherapeutic agents that could inhibit tumor progression via targeting CXCR4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Barnett
- Department of Ear Nose and Throat, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ryan S Sommerville
- Department of Ear Nose and Throat, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Charles Lin
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gishan Ratnayake
- Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brett Hughes
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Touraj Taheri
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Pathology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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28
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Circulating tumor cells count as a predictor of survival in lung cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 125:60-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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29
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Zhang W, Wang SL. An efficient strategy for identifying cancer-related key genes based on graph entropy. Comput Biol Chem 2018; 74:142-148. [PMID: 29609142 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Gene networks are beneficial to identify functional genes that are highly relevant to clinical outcomes. Most of the current methods require information about the interaction of genes or proteins to construct genetic network connection. However, the conclusion of these methods may be bias because of the current incompleteness of human interactome. In this paper, we propose an efficient strategy to use gene expression data and gene mutation data for identifying cancer-related key genes based on graph entropy (iKGGE). Firstly, we construct a gene network using only gene expression data based on the sparse inverse covariance matrix, then, cluster genes use the algorithm of parallel maximal cliques for quickly obtaining a series of subgraphs, and at last, we introduce a novel metric that combine graph entropy and the influence of upstream gene mutations information to measure the impact factors of genes. Testing of the three available cancer datasets shows that our strategy can effectively extract key genes that may play distinct roles in tumorigenesis, and the cancer patient risk groups are well predicted based on key genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- College of Computer Science and Electronics Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China.
| | - Shu-Lin Wang
- College of Computer Science and Electronics Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China.
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30
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Sun Y, Chen Y, Li S, Lei Y, Xu D, Jiang N, Zhang Y, Cao J, Ke Z. NanoVelcro-captured CTC number concomitant with enhanced serum levels of MMP7 and MMP9 enables accurate prediction of metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:6399-6412. [PMID: 28919743 PMCID: PMC5587146 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s144033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) is among the most malignant cancers that frequently develops micrometastases even in early stages of the disease. Circulating tumor cell (CTC) number, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 7, and MMP9 show great prospects as predictive biomarkers in many tumors. However, the interactions between these biomarkers and the molecular basis of their roles in the metastasis and prognosis of LADC remain unclear. The present study revealed that an elevated CTC count and overexpression of MMP7 and MMP9 correlate with metastasis and clinical progression in LADC patients (n=143). Furthermore, MMP7 and MMP9 upregulation facilitates LADC cell migration in vitro and enhances serum CTC levels in a xenograft mouse model. More importantly, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Kaplan-Meier analysis confirmed more accurate prediction of metastasis and overall survival (OS) with a combination panel of CTC, MMP7, and MMP9. Taken together, our data show, for the first time, the involvement of MMP7 and MMP9 in the release of CTCs into the peripheral blood, and our data reveal that CTC count and expression of MMP7 and MMP9 can be used together as an effective clinical prediction panel for LADC metastasis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yiyan Lei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Yang Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Jessica Cao
- Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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