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St Mary L, Trine LSD, Roper C, Wiley J, Craciunescu L, Sotorrios L, Paterson M, Massey Simonich SL, McCoustra M, Henry TB. Environmental significance of PAH photoproduct formation: TiO 2 nanoparticle influence, altered bioavailability, and potential photochemical mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 360:142384. [PMID: 38797205 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Interactions between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) can produce unforeseen photoproducts in the aqueous phase. Both PAHs and TiO2-NPs are well-studied and highly persistent environmental pollutants, but the consequences of PAH-TiO2-NP interactions are rarely explored. We investigated PAH photoproduct formation over time for benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), fluoranthene (FLT), and pyrene (PYR) in the presence of ultraviolet A (UVA) using a combination of analytical and computational methods including, identification of PAH photoproducts, assessment of expression profiles for gene indicators of PAH metabolism, and computational evaluation of the reaction mechanisms through which certain photoproducts might be formed. Chemical analyses identified diverse photoproducts, but all PAHs shared a primary photoproduct, 9,10-phenanthraquinone (9,10-PQ), regardless of TiO2-NP presence. The computed reaction mechanisms revealed the roles photodissociation and singlet oxygen chemistry likely play in PAH mediated photochemical processes that result in the congruent production of 9,10-PQ within this study. Our investigation of PAH photoproduct formation has provided substantial evidence of the many, diverse and congruent, photoproducts formed from physicochemically distinct PAHs and how TiO2-NPs influence bioavailability and time-related formation of PAH photoproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey St Mary
- Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure, and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97333, USA.
| | - Lisandra S D Trine
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97333, USA
| | - Courtney Roper
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97333, USA; Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Jackson Wiley
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97333, USA
| | - Luca Craciunescu
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK
| | - Lia Sotorrios
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK
| | - Martin Paterson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK
| | - Staci L Massey Simonich
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97333, USA
| | - Martin McCoustra
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK
| | - Theodore B Henry
- Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure, and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK
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Gao X, Han J, Zhu L, Nychas GJE, Mao Y, Yang X, Liu Y, Jiang X, Zhang Y, Dong P. The Effect of the PhoP/PhoQ System on the Regulation of Multi-Stress Adaptation Induced by Acid Stress in Salmonella Typhimurium. Foods 2024; 13:1533. [PMID: 38790833 PMCID: PMC11121531 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Acidic stress in beef cattle slaughtering abattoirs can induce the acid adaptation response of in-plant contaminated Salmonella. This may further lead to multiple resistance responses threatening public health. Therefore, the acid, heat, osmotic and antibiotic resistances of Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC14028) were evaluated after a 90 min adaption in a pH = 5.4 "mild acid" Luria-Bertani medium. Differences in such resistances were also determined between the ∆phoP mutant and wild-type Salmonella strains to confirm the contribution of the PhoP/PhoQ system. The transcriptomic differences between the acid-adapted and ∆phoP strain were compared to explore the role of the PhoP/Q two-component system in regulating multi-stress resistance. Acid adaptation was found to increase the viability of Salmonella to lethal acid, heat and hyperosmotic treatments. In particular, acid adaptation significantly increased the resistance of Salmonella typhimurium to Polymyxin B, and such resistance can last for 21 days when the adapted strain was stored in meat extract medium at 4 °C. Transcriptomics analysis revealed 178 up-regulated and 274 down-regulated genes in the ∆phoP strain. The Salmonella infection, cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) resistance, quorum sensing and two-component system pathways were down-regulated, while the bacterial tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways were up-regulated. Transcriptomics and RT-qPCR analyses revealed that the deletion of the phoP gene resulted in the down-regulation of the expression of genes related to lipid A modification and efflux pumps. These changes in the gene expression result in the change in net negative charge and the mobility of the cell membrane, resulting in enhanced CAMP resistance. The confirmation of multiple stress resistance under acid adaptation and the transcriptomic study in the current study may provide valuable information for the control of multiple stress resistance and meat safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Gao
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (X.G.); (L.Z.); (G.-J.E.N.); (Y.M.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.)
- International Joint Research Lab (China and Greece) of Digital Transformation as an Enabler for Food Safety and Sustainability, Taian 271018, China
| | - Jina Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Poultry Diseases Diagnosis and Immunology, Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250023, China;
| | - Lixian Zhu
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (X.G.); (L.Z.); (G.-J.E.N.); (Y.M.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.)
- International Joint Research Lab (China and Greece) of Digital Transformation as an Enabler for Food Safety and Sustainability, Taian 271018, China
| | - George-John E. Nychas
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (X.G.); (L.Z.); (G.-J.E.N.); (Y.M.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.)
- International Joint Research Lab (China and Greece) of Digital Transformation as an Enabler for Food Safety and Sustainability, Taian 271018, China
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Yanwei Mao
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (X.G.); (L.Z.); (G.-J.E.N.); (Y.M.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.)
- International Joint Research Lab (China and Greece) of Digital Transformation as an Enabler for Food Safety and Sustainability, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xiaoyin Yang
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (X.G.); (L.Z.); (G.-J.E.N.); (Y.M.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.)
- International Joint Research Lab (China and Greece) of Digital Transformation as an Enabler for Food Safety and Sustainability, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yunge Liu
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (X.G.); (L.Z.); (G.-J.E.N.); (Y.M.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.)
- International Joint Research Lab (China and Greece) of Digital Transformation as an Enabler for Food Safety and Sustainability, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xueqing Jiang
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (X.G.); (L.Z.); (G.-J.E.N.); (Y.M.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.)
- International Joint Research Lab (China and Greece) of Digital Transformation as an Enabler for Food Safety and Sustainability, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (X.G.); (L.Z.); (G.-J.E.N.); (Y.M.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.)
- International Joint Research Lab (China and Greece) of Digital Transformation as an Enabler for Food Safety and Sustainability, Taian 271018, China
| | - Pengcheng Dong
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (X.G.); (L.Z.); (G.-J.E.N.); (Y.M.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.)
- International Joint Research Lab (China and Greece) of Digital Transformation as an Enabler for Food Safety and Sustainability, Taian 271018, China
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Wissink M, Glodowska M, van der Kolk MR, Jetten MSM, Welte CU. Probing Denitrifying Anaerobic Methane Oxidation via Antimicrobial Intervention: Implications for Innovative Wastewater Management. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:6250-6257. [PMID: 38551595 PMCID: PMC11008094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Methane emissions present a significant environmental challenge in both natural and engineered aquatic environments. Denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation (N-DAMO) has the potential for application in wastewater treatment plants. However, our understanding of the N-DAMO process is primarily based on studies conducted on environmental samples or enrichment cultures using metagenomic approaches. To gain deeper insights into N-DAMO, we used antimicrobial compounds to study the function and physiology of 'Candidatus Methanoperedens nitroreducens' and 'Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera' in N-DAMO enrichment cultures. We explored the effects of inhibitors and antibiotics and investigated the potential application of N-DAMO in wastewater contaminated with ammonium and heavy metals. Our results showed that 'Ca. M. nitroreducens' was susceptible to puromycin and 2-bromoethanesulfonate, while the novel methanogen inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol had no effect on N-DAMO. Furthermore, 'Ca. M. oxyfera' was shown to be susceptible to the particulate methane monooxygenase inhibitor 1,7-octadiyne and a bacteria-suppressing antibiotic cocktail. The N-DAMO activity was not affected by ammonium concentrations below 10 mM. Finally, the N-DAMO community appeared to be remarkably resistant to lead (Pb) but susceptible to nickel (Ni) and cadmium (Cd). This study provides insights into microbial functions in N-DAMO communities, facilitating further investigation of their application in methanogenic, nitrogen-polluted water systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Wissink
- Department
of Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental
Sciences, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martyna Glodowska
- Department
of Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental
Sciences, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marnix R. van der Kolk
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mike S. M. Jetten
- Department
of Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental
Sciences, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia U. Welte
- Department
of Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental
Sciences, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Li JJ, Dai MJ, Xue JZ. Investigation on toxicity and mechanism to Daphnia magna for 14 disinfection by-products: Enzyme activity and molecular docking. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167059. [PMID: 37709078 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to disinfection by-products (DBPs) has been found to induce a range of toxic effects in aquatic organism. Previous studies have consistently demonstrated that a majority of DBPs have the ability to induce in vivo toxicity in aquatic organisms. However, the impact of DBPs on the metabolic processes of Daphnia magna (D. magna) and the underlying molecular toxicity mechanisms are still not well understood. Therefore, we investigated the effects of 14 DBPs on two oxidative stress enzymes and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in D. magna. Additionally, we employed molecular docking to simulate the toxicity of DBPs to D. magna at the molecular level. This comprehensive analysis allowed us to gain further insights into the toxicity of DBPs on D. magna. The results showed that among the aliphatic DBPs, the more bromine substituents, the lower the toxicity effect, and it's opposite in the aromatic DBPs. In the detection of oxidative stress level, catalase (CAT) enzyme and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme in D. magna under compound stress showed a low increase and decrease with the increase of concentration. The level of MDA showed a positive correlation with the concentration. In the last, molecular docking simulations have shown promise in predicting the toxicity of DBPs and providing insights into their toxic effects to a certain extent, and the docking situation of P53 is slightly different. Hence, it is imperative to further regulate the presence of aromatic DBPs due to their pronounced toxic effects on D. magna, and these simulations can be complemented with actual experiments to enhance our understanding of the toxicity mechanisms of DBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin J Li
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Min J Dai
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Jun Z Xue
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China.
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Liu J, Zhang H, Zhang L, Li T, Liu N, Liu Q. Effect of various concentrations of common organic solvents on the growth and proliferation ability of Candida glabrata and their permissible limits for addition in drug susceptibility testing. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16444. [PMID: 38025727 PMCID: PMC10668856 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetone, ethanol, and methanol are organic solvents commonly used for dissolving drugs in antimicrobial susceptibility testing. However, these solvents have certain antimicrobial activity. Currently, standardized criteria for the selection and dosage of drug solvents in drug susceptibility testing research are lacking. The study aims to provide experimental evidence for the selection and addition limit of drug solvents for the in vitro antifungal susceptibility test of Candida glabrata (C. glabrata). Methods According to the recommendation of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M27-A3, a 0.5 McFarland C. glabrata suspension was prepared and then diluted 1:1,000. Next, a gradient dilution method was used to prepare 20%, 10%, 5%, and 2.5% DMSO/acetone/ethanol/methanol. The mixture was plated onto a 96-well plate and incubated at a constant temperature of 35 °C for 48 h. The inhibitory effects of DMSO, acetone, ethanol, and methanol on C. glabrata growth and proliferation were analyzed by measuring optical density values at 600 nm (OD600 values). Results After 48 h incubation, the OD600 values of C. glabrata decreased to different extents in the presence of the four common organic solvents. The decrease in the OD600 values was greater with increasing concentrations within the experimental concentration range. When DMSO and acetone concentrations were higher than 2.5% (containing 2.5%) and methanol and ethanol concentrations were higher than 5.0% (containing 5.0%), the differences were statistically significant compared with the growth control wells without any organic solvent (P < 0.05). Conclusion All four organic solvents could inhibit C. glabrata growth and proliferation. When used as solvents for drug sensitivity testing in C. glabrata, the concentrations of DMSO, acetone, ethanol, and methanol should be below 2.5%, 2.5%, 5%, and 5%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hongxin Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ting Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Bacińska Z, Baberowska K, Surowiak AK, Balcerzak L, Strub DJ. Exploring the Antimicrobial Properties of 99 Natural Flavour and Fragrance Raw Materials against Pathogenic Bacteria: A Comparative Study with Antibiotics. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3777. [PMID: 37960133 PMCID: PMC10648197 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, one of the most serious global problems is the increasing incidence of infectious diseases. This is closely related to the increase in antibiotic use, which has resulted in the development of multidrug resistance in microorganisms. Another problem is the numerous microbiological contaminations of cosmetic products, which can lead to dangerous bacterial infections in humans. Natural fragrance raw materials exhibit a wide spectrum of biological properties, including antimicrobial properties. Despite their prevalence and availability on the commercial market, there is little research into their effects on multidrug-resistant microorganisms. This study examines the inhibitory effect of natural substances on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. For this purpose, screening and appropriate assays were carried out to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of individual substances, using the alamarBlueTM reagent. The lowest MIC values were observed for Staphylococcus aureus (black seed (Nigella sativa) expressed oil, MIC = 25 µg/mL), Kocuria rhizophila (fir balsam absolute, MIC = 12.5 µg/mL), and Pseudomonas putida (cubeb oil and fir balsam absolute, MIC = 12.5 µg/mL). The most resistant Gram-negative species was Enterobacter gergoviae, while Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most resistant Gram-positive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Bacińska
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Engineering and Technology of Chemical Processes, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kinga Baberowska
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Alicja Karolina Surowiak
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Lucyna Balcerzak
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Daniel Jan Strub
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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Nordborg FM, Brinkman DL, Fisher R, Parkerton TF, Oelgemöller M, Negri AP. Effects of aromatic hydrocarbons and evaluation of oil toxicity modelling for larvae of a tropical coral. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 196:115610. [PMID: 37804672 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Application of oil toxicity modelling for assessing the risk of spills to coral reefs remains uncertain due to a lack of data for key tropical species and environmental conditions. In this study, larvae of the coral Acropora millepora were exposed to six aromatic hydrocarbons individually to generate critical target lipid body burdens (CTLBBs). Larval metamorphosis was inhibited by all six aromatic hydrocarbons, while larval survival was only affected at concentrations >2000 μg L-1. The derived metamorphosis CTLBB of 9.7 μmol g-1 octanol indicates larvae are more sensitive than adult corals, and places A. millepora larvae among the most sensitive organisms in the target lipid model (TLM) databases. Larvae were also more sensitive to anthracene and pyrene when co-exposed to ecologically relevant levels of ultraviolet radiation. The results suggest that the application of the phototoxic TLM would be protective of A. millepora larvae, provided adequate chemical and light data are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mikaela Nordborg
- AIMS@JCU, Division of Research & Innovation, James Cook University and Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville 4810, Queensland, Australia; College of Science & Engineering, Division of Tropical Environments and Societies, James Cook University, Townsville 4810, Queensland, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville 4810, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Diane L Brinkman
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville 4810, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rebecca Fisher
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Crawley 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Michael Oelgemöller
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Hochschule Fresenius gGmbH-University of Applied Sciences, D-65510 Idstein, Germany
| | - Andrew P Negri
- AIMS@JCU, Division of Research & Innovation, James Cook University and Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville 4810, Queensland, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville 4810, Queensland, Australia
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Hu A, Chen L, Geng X, Zhu L, Liu Y, Yang K, Zhu H, Zhu C. Extraction of DNA from trace forensic samples with a modified lysis buffer and chitosan coated magnetic beads. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2023; 67:102932. [PMID: 37713982 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2023.102932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The trace amounts of human tissue cells or body fluids left at the crime scene are often mixed with inhibitors such as rust, pigments, and humic acid. The extraction of the DNA from the trace cells is crucial for the investigation of cases. Usually, specially designed magnetic nanoparticles were chosen by the case investigators to enrich and elute DNA, which was then used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and short tandem repeat (STR) analysis. The traditional approach often had the following problems, such as low DNA enrichment efficiency, possible DNA breakage, and complex operations. Here, the 1%(w/v) of chitosan (75% deacetylation degree) was used to modify the 50 nm magnetic nanoparticles to gain the Chitosan@Beads, which theoretically carried positively charged in the pH = 5 of lysis buffer so as to adsorb negatively charged DNA through electrostatic interactions. The XPS and FT-IR results demonstrated that chitosan was successfully attached to the surface of magnetic nanoparticles. A set of simulated samples, containing 20 mg/μL of humic acid, pigments, iron ions (Fe2+, Fe3+), and the coexistence of the above three substances, were prepared to simulate the case scene. Human bronchial epithelial cells were mixed with the 200 μL of the above simulated samples for DNA extraction. 400 μL of lysis buffer, 20 μL of proteinase K (10 mg/mL) and 20 μL of Chitosan@Beads solution (20 mg/mL) was used for cell disruption and DNA enrichment. The extraction sensitivity of Chitosan@Beads was confirmed to be 10 cells, superior to commercial reagent kits. The Chitosan@Beads@DNA can directly use for "In-situ PCR" with elution-free operations. The STR loci rate of DNA extracted by Chitosan@Beads was around 97.9%, higher than the commercial kit (66.7%). In short, we foresee here developed novel Chitosan@Beads and modified lysis buffer could provide a new model for the DNA extraction of forensic trace evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzhong Hu
- School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Forensic Science, Department of Anhui Public Security, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Xuelei Geng
- Institute of Forensic Science, Department of Anhui Public Security, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Huaqing Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Cancan Zhu
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
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Charirak P, Prajantasan R, Premprayoon K, Srikacha N, Ratananikom K. In Vitro Antibacterial Activity and Mode of Action of Piper betle Extracts against Soft Rot Disease-Causing Bacteria. SCIENTIFICA 2023; 2023:5806841. [PMID: 37766936 PMCID: PMC10522424 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5806841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Soft rot disease affects a range of crops in the field and also during transit and storage, resulting in significant yield losses and negative economic impacts. This study evaluated the in vitro antibacterial activities and mode of action of Piper betle extracts against the soft rot disease-causing bacteria, Erwinia caratovora subsp. caratovora (ECC). Dried leaves of P. betle were extracted with water, ethanol, and hexane solvents and evaluated for their antibacterial activity. The results showed the highest antibacterial activity against ECC in the ethanol extract, followed by hexane and water extracts with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 1.562, 6.25, and more than 12.50 mg/mL, respectively. The time-kill assay indicated a bactericidal mode of action. ECC growth was destroyed within 6 and 8 hours after treatment with the ethanol extract at 4-fold MIC and 2-fold MIC, respectively. The ethanol extract of P. betle showed promising activity against ECC, with the potential for further development as a novel alternative treatment to control phytobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punyisa Charirak
- Department of Plant Production Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Kalasin University, Kalasin, Thailand
| | - Rapeepun Prajantasan
- Department of Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Health Technology, Kalasin University, Kalasin, Thailand
| | - Kantapon Premprayoon
- Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Khon Kaen Campus, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nikom Srikacha
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Sakon Nakhon Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Khakhanang Ratananikom
- Department of Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Health Technology, Kalasin University, Kalasin, Thailand
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Pattaro-Júnior JR, Araújo IG, Moraes CB, Barbosa CG, Philippsen GS, Freitas-Junior LH, Guidi AC, de Mello JCP, Peralta RM, Fernandez MA, Teixeira RR, Seixas FAV. Antiviral activity of Cenostigma pluviosum var. peltophoroides extract and fractions against SARS-CoV-2. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:7297-7308. [PMID: 36069130 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2120078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Few extracts of plant species from the Brazilian flora have been validated from a pharmacological and clinical point of view, and it is important to determine whether their traditional use is proven by pharmacological effects. Cenostigma pluviosum var. peltophoroides is one of those plants, which belongs to the Fabaceae family that is widely used in traditional medicine and is very rich in tannins. Due to the lack of effective drugs to treat severe cases of Covid-19, the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro) becomes an attractive target in the research for new antivirals since this enzyme is crucial for virus replication and does not have homologs in humans. This study aimed to prospect inhibitor candidates among the compounds from C. pluviosum extract, by virtual screening simulations using SARS-CoV-2 Mpro as target. Experimental validation was made by inhibitory proteolytic assays of recombinant Mpro and by antiviral activity with infected Vero cells. Docking simulations identify four compounds with potential inhibitory activity of Mpro present in the extract. The compound pentagalloylglucose showed the best result in proteolytic kinetics experiments, with suppression of recombinant Mpro activity by approximately 60%. However, in experiments with infected cells ethyl acetate fraction and sub-fractions, F2 and F4 of C. pluviosum extract performed better than pentagalloylglucose, reaching close to 100% of antiviral activity. The prominent activity of the extract fractions in infected cells may be a result of a synergistic effect from the different hydrolyzable tannins present, performing simultaneous action on Mpro and other targets from SARS-CoV-2 and host.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Renato Pattaro-Júnior
- Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Departamento de Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Garcia Araújo
- Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Departamento de Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Ana Carolina Guidi
- PalaFito Laboratory, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Rosane Marina Peralta
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Fernandez
- Laboratório de Organização Funcional do Núcleo, Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Róbson Ricardo Teixeira
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Flavio Augusto Vicente Seixas
- Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Departamento de Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
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11
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Sandoval-Rivas D, Morales DV, Hepp MI. Toxicity evaluation of Pinus radiata D.Don bark wax for potential cosmetic application. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 178:113896. [PMID: 37339695 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Radiata pine bark is a widely available organic waste, requiring alternative uses due to its environmental impact on soil, fauna, and forest fires. Pine bark waxes could be used as cosmetic substitutes, but their toxicity requires evaluation since pine bark may contain toxic substances or xenobiotics, depending on the extraction process. This study evaluates the toxicity of radiata pine bark waxes obtained through various extraction methods on human skin cells grown in vitro. The assessment includes using XTT to evaluate mitochondrial activity, violet crystal dye to assess cell membrane integrity, and ApoTox-Glo triple assay to measure cytotoxicity, viability, and apoptosis signals. Pine bark waxes extracted via T3 (acid hydrolysis and petroleum ether incubation) and T9 (saturated steam cycle, alkaline hydrolysis, and petroleum ether incubation) exhibit non-toxicity up to 2% concentration, making them a potential substitute for petroleum-based cosmetic materials. Integrating the forestry and cosmetic industries through pine bark wax production under circular economy principles could promote development while replacing petroleum-based materials. Extraction methodology affects pine bark wax toxicity in human skin cells due to the retention of xenobiotic compounds including methyl 4-ketohex-5-enoate; 1-naphthalenol; dioctyl adipate; eicosanebioic acid dimethyl ester; among others. Future research will investigate whether the extraction methodology alters the molecular structure of the bark, affecting the release of toxic compounds in the wax mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sandoval-Rivas
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, 4090541, Chile; Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción, Chile
| | - Daniela V Morales
- Departamento de Química Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, 4090541, Chile; Centro de energía, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, 4090541, Chile
| | - Matías I Hepp
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, 4090541, Chile.
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12
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de Araujo IG, Pattaro-Júnior JR, Barbosa CG, Philippsen GS, Silva AR, Ioshino RS, Moraes CB, Freitas-Junior LH, Barros L, Peralta RM, Fernandez MA, Seixas FAV. Potential of plant extracts in targeting SARS-CoV-2 main protease: an in vitro and in silico study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:12204-12213. [PMID: 36651196 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2166589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The deaths caused by the covid-19 pandemic have recently decreased due to a worldwide effort in vaccination campaigns. However, even vaccinated people can develop a severe form of the disease that requires ICU admission. As a result, the search for antiviral drugs to treat these severe cases has become a necessity. In this context, natural products are an interesting alternative to synthetic medicines used in drug repositioning, as they have been consumed for a long time through traditional medicine. Many natural compounds found in plant extracts have already been shown to be effective in treating viral and bacterial diseases, making them possible hits to exploit against covid-19. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antiviral activity of different plant extracts available in the library of natural products of the Universidade Estadual de Maringá, by inhibiting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), and by preventing viral infection in a cellular model. As a result, the extract of Cytinus hypocistis, obtained by ultrasound, showed a Mpro inhibition capacity greater than 90%. In the infection model assays using Vero cells, an inhibition of 99.6% was observed, with a selectivity index of 42.7. The in silico molecular docking simulations using the extract compounds against Mpro, suggested Tellimagrandin II as the component of C. hypocistis extract most likely to inhibit the viral enzyme. These results demonstrate the potential of C. hypocistis extract as a promising source of natural compounds with antiviral activity against covid-19.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cecilia Gomes Barbosa
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul (USCS), São Caetano, Brazil
- Bela Vista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Rita Silva
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, CIETUS-IBSAL, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, España
| | | | | | | | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | | | - Maria Aparecida Fernandez
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, P.R. Brazil
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13
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Wang D, Bai L, Huang X, Yan W, Li S. Size-dependent acute toxicity and oxidative damage caused by cobalt-based framework (ZIF-67) to Photobacterium phosphoreum. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158317. [PMID: 36037900 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are emerging nanomaterials with widespread applications for their superior properties. However, the potential health and environmental risks of MOFs still need further understanding. In this work, we investigated the toxicity of a typical cobalt-based MOF (ZIF-67) with varied primary particle sizes (100, 200, 400, 700 and 1200 nm) to Photobacterium Phosphoreum T3 strain, a kind of luminescent bacteria. The luminescence inhibition rate of all ZIF-67 nanoparticles (NPs) reached 40 % and higher at the concentration of 5 mg/L, exhibiting strong toxicity. Combined cellular assays and gene expression analysis confirmed that the general bioactivity inhibition and oxidative damage were induced mainly by ZIF-67 NPs, rather than Co2+ released from the ZIF-67 NPs. Additionally, the toxicity of ZIF-67 NPs demonstrated an evident size-dependent effect. For ZIF-67 smaller than 400 nm, the toxicity increased with the particle size decreased, while the trend was not significant when the particle size was larger than 400 nm. A potential explanation for this phenomenon is the smaller NPs (100 and 200 nm) may enter the cytoplasm, accumulating in the cytoplasm and causing more severe toxicity. Furthermore, Co2+ released from the ZIF-67 NPs was not the primary contributor to the toxic effect of ZIF-67 NPs which was verified by the toxicity results and the variation of toxicity-related indicators. These findings provided insight into the better design and safer use of MOFs, and it also implied the potential environmental risk of the MOF's cannot be ignored, especially for the bioapplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Linming Bai
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiaochuan Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and NSF Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Rice University, Houston 77005, United States
| | - Wei Yan
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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14
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Summer K, Browne J, Hollanders M, Benkendorff K. Out of control: The need for standardised solvent approaches and data reporting in antibiofilm assays incorporating dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO). Biofilm 2022; 4:100081. [PMID: 36060119 PMCID: PMC9428811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2022.100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Summer
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Military Road, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Terminal Drive, Bilinga, Qld, 4225, Australia
- Corresponding author. Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Military Road, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia.
| | - Jessica Browne
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Terminal Drive, Bilinga, Qld, 4225, Australia
| | - Matthijs Hollanders
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Military Road, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
- QuantEcol, 53 Bentinck St, Ballina, NSW 2478, Australia
| | - Kirsten Benkendorff
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia
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15
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Effect of solvents and glutathione on the decomposition of the nitrosyl iron complex with N-ethylthiourea ligands: An experimental and theoretical study. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 235:111926. [PMID: 35843200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) are a depot and potential source of free NO in organisms. Their synthetic analog, N-ethylthiourea DNIC [Fe(SC(NH2)(NHC2H5))2(NO)2]+Cl-∙[Fe(SC(NH2)(NHC2H5))Cl(NO)2]0 (complex 1), as cardioprotective and cytostatic agent is a promising prodrug for the treatment of socially relevant diseases. In this work, transformation mechanism of complex 1 has been studied in anaerobic aqueous solution (pH = 7.0), DMSO, and ethanol. It was shown that the solvent has a significant effect on the decomposition of complex. According to EPR-spectroscopy, only cationic part of complex is found upon its dissolution in water; only neutral part is retained in DMSO, and both fragments are present in ethanol. Effective generation of NO occurs in an aqueous solution. The structures of the decomposition products were proposed for all solvents, their UV-spectra and rate constants were calculated. From the experimental and theoretical data obtained, it follows that complex 1 is most stable in DMSO. Solutions of complex in a DMSO-water mixture can be used to improve its bioavailability in further in vitro and in vivo studies. Also, we have analyzed its interaction with glutathione (GSH), which can participate in the metabolism of this compound. This study shows that complex 1 reacts with GSH to form a new binuclear DNIC with two GS--ligands. It was found that the resulting complex is a more prolonged NO-donor than the initial one: k = 6.1∙10-3·s-1 in buffer, k = 6.4∙10-5 s-1 with GSH. This reaction may prevent S-glutathionylation of the essential enzyme systems and is important for metabolism of complex, associated with its antitumor activity.
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16
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Chen JY, Hu HL, Feng L, Ding GH. Ecotoxicity assessment of triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) exposure in Hoplobatrachus rugulosus tadpoles. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 292:133480. [PMID: 34974044 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), a widely used aromatic organophosphate flame retardant, is known to accumulate in organisms through water, air, and soil, consequently, causing toxicity. This study is the first to evaluate the acute and sub-chronic toxicities of TPhP to amphibians. In the acute toxicity analysis, the 96-h median lethal concentration (LC50) for GS35 Hoplobatrachus rugulosus tadpoles was 2.893 mg/L, and the 10% effect concentration (EC10) was 289 μg/L. After two weeks of exposure to low TPhP concentrations, the survival and metamorphosis rates of H. rugulosus tadpoles decreased, and the metamorphosis time was prolonged as the TPhP concentration increased. The threshold concentration that affected tadpole survival and metamorphosis time was 50 μg/L and 100 μg/L, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the condition factor and hepatic somatic index of the tadpole after metamorphosis; however, tadpole body mass and TPhP concentration were negatively correlated. Further, TPhP inhibited the expressions of Cu-Zn sod and cat, thereby reducing the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the tadpole liver. The threshold for affecting gene expression and enzymatic activity was 100 μg/L. These findings provide significant insights on the stress ecology of aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Chen
- Laboratory of Amphibian Diversity Investigation, College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua-Li Hu
- Laboratory of Amphibian Diversity Investigation, College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Laboratory of Amphibian Diversity Investigation, College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guo-Hua Ding
- Laboratory of Amphibian Diversity Investigation, College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang, China.
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17
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OUP accepted manuscript. Med Mycol 2022; 60:6517703. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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18
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Evaluating acute toxicity in enriched nitrifying cultures: Lessons learned. J Microbiol Methods 2021; 192:106377. [PMID: 34798174 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2021.106377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Toxicological batch assays are essential to assess a compound's acute effect on microorganisms. This methodology is frequently employed to evaluate the effect of contaminants in sensitive microbial communities from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), such as autotrophic nitrifying populations. However, despite nitrifying batch assays being commonly mentioned in the literature, their experimental design criteria are rarely reported or overlooked. Here, we found that slight deviations in culture preparations and conditions impacted bacterial community performance and could skew assay results. From pre-experimental trials and experience, we determined how mishandling and treatment of cultures could affect nitrification activity. While media and biomass preparations are needed to establish baseline conditions (e.g., biomass washing), we found extensive centrifugation selectively destabilised nitrification activities. Further, it is paramount that the air supply is adjusted to minimise nitrite build-up in the culture and maintain suitable aeration levels without sparging ammonia. DMSO and acetone up to 0.03% (v/v) were suitable organic solvents with minimal impact on nitrification activity. In the nitrification assays with allylthiourea (ATU), dilute cultures exhibited more significant inhibition than concentrated cultures. So there were biomass-related effects; however, these differences minimally impacted the EC50 values. Using different nutrient-media compositions had a minimal effect; however, switching mineral media for the toxicity test from the original cultivation media is not recommended because it reduced the original biomass nitrification capacity. Our results demonstrated that these factors substantially impact the performance of the nitrifying inoculum used in acute bioassays, and consequently, affect the response of AOB-NOB populations during the toxicant exposure. These are not highlighted in operation standards, and unfortunately, they can have significant consequential impacts on the determinations of toxicological endpoints. Moreover, the practical procedures tested here could support other authors in developing testing methodologies, adding quality checks in the experimental framework with minimal waste of time and resources.
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Tang N, Fan P, Yu X, Ma R, Tao Y, Wang W, Ouyang F. Effects of Long-Term Triclosan Exposure on Microbiota in Zebrafish. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:604313. [PMID: 34712206 PMCID: PMC8546329 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.604313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Triclosan (TCS) is a widely used antibacterial agent in personal care products and is ubiquitous in the environment. We aimed to examine whether TCS exposure affects microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract of zebrafish. Methods: After exposure to TCS 0 (Dimethyl Sulphoxide, DMSO control), 0.03, 0.3, 3, 30, 100, and 300ng/ml, respectively, from day 0 to 120days post fertilization (dpf), or for 7days in adult 4-month zebrafish, the long- and short-term impact of TCS exposure on the microbiome in the gastrointestinal tract was evaluated by analyzing 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region sequencing. Results: The top two most dominant microbiota phyla were Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria phylum in all zebrafish groups. In TCS exposure 0–120 dpf, compared with DMSO control, the mean number of microbial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was 54.46 lower (p<0.0001), Chao indice 41.40 lower (p=0.0004), and Ace indice 34.10 lower (p=0.0044) in TCS 300ng/ml group, but no change was observed in most of the other TCS concentrations. PCoA diagram showed that the microbial community in the long-term TCS 300ng/ml exposure group clustered differently from those in the DMSO control and other TCS exposure groups. A shorter body length of the zebrafish was observed in the long-term TCS exposure at 0.03, 100, and 300ng/ml. For 7-day short-term exposure in adult zebrafish, no difference was observed in alpha or beta diversity of microbiota nor the relative abundance of Proteobacteria or Fusobacteria phylum among DMSO control and any TCS levels, but a minor difference in microbial composition was observed for TCS exposure. Conclusions: Long-term exposure to high TCS concentration in a window from early embryonic life to early adulthood may reduce diversity and alter the composition of microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract. The effect of short-term TCS exposure was not observed on the diversity of microbiota but there was a minor change of microbial composition in adult zebrafish with TCS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tang
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pianpian Fan
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaogang Yu
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yexuan Tao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiye Wang
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengxiu Ouyang
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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20
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Monteiro M, Lavrador AS, Santos R, Rangel F, Iglesias P, Tárraga M, Couto A, Serra CR, Tafalla C, Da Costa E, Domingues MR, Oliva-Teles A, Carvalho AP, Enes P, Díaz-Rosales P. Evaluation of the Potential of Marine Algae Extracts as a Source of Functional Ingredients Using Zebrafish as Animal Model for Aquaculture. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 23:529-545. [PMID: 34189658 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Research on immunotherapeutic agents has become a focus for the treatment of fish diseases. The ability of algae to produce secondary metabolites of potential interest as immunotherapeutics has been documented. The present research intended to assess antiviral and antibacterial activities of macro- and microalgae extracts against viral and bacterial pathogens and explore their immunomodulatory potential using zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae as a model organism. The cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of eight methanolic and ethanolic extracts from two macroalgae (Fucus vesiculosus, Ulva rigida) and two microalgae (Nannochloropsis gaditana, Chlorella sp.) were analyzed in established fish cell lines. Six extracts were selected to evaluate antibacterial activity by disk diffusion and growth inhibition assays. The three most promising extracts were characterized in terms of fatty acid composition, incorporated at 1% into a plant-based diet, and evaluated their effect on zebrafish immune response and intestinal morphology in a short-term feeding trial. All extracts exhibited in vitro antiviral activity against viral hemorrhagic septicemia and/or infectious pancreatic necrosis viruses. Methanolic extracts from F. vesiculosus and U. rigida were richer in saturated fatty acids and exhibited in vitro antibacterial action against several bacteria. Most promising results were obtained in vivo with F. vesiculosus methanol extract, which exerted an anti-inflammatory action when incorporated alone into diets and induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, when combined with the other extracts. Moreover, dietary inclusion of the extracts improved intestinal morphology. In summary, the results obtained in this study support the potential of algae as natural sources of bioactive compounds for the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Monteiro
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Universidade Do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - A S Lavrador
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Universidade Do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - R Santos
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Universidade Do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Rangel
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Universidade Do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - P Iglesias
- , Parque Industrial Base 2000, Lorquí, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Tárraga
- , Parque Industrial Base 2000, Lorquí, Murcia, Spain
| | - A Couto
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Universidade Do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - C R Serra
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Universidade Do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - C Tafalla
- Inmunología Y Patología de Peces, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA, INIA), Carretera de Algete a El Casar s/n, 28130, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Da Costa
- Centro de Espetrometria de Massa, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M R Domingues
- Centro de Espetrometria de Massa, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A Oliva-Teles
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Universidade Do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - A P Carvalho
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Universidade Do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - P Enes
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Universidade Do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - P Díaz-Rosales
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Universidade Do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Inmunología Y Patología de Peces, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA, INIA), Carretera de Algete a El Casar s/n, 28130, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Pun M, Khazanov N, Galsurker O, Weitman M, Kerem Z, Senderowitz H, Yedidia I. Phloretin, an Apple Phytoalexin, Affects the Virulence and Fitness of Pectobacterium brasiliense by Interfering With Quorum-Sensing. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:671807. [PMID: 34249044 PMCID: PMC8270676 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.671807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effects of phloretin a phytoalexin from apple, was tested on Pectobacterium brasiliense (Pb1692), an emerging soft-rot pathogen of potato. Exposure of Pb1692 to 0.2 mM phloretin a concentration that does not affect growth, or to 0.4 mM a 50% growth inhibiting concentration (50% MIC), reduced motility, biofilm formation, secretion of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, production of acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) signaling molecules and infection, phenotypes that are associated with bacterial population density-dependent system known as quorum sensing (QS). To analyze the effect of growth inhibition on QS, the activity of ciprofloxacin, an antibiotic that impairs cell division, was compared to that of phloretin at 50% MIC. Unlike phloretin, the antibiotic hardly affected the tested phenotypes. The use of DH5α, a QS-negative Escherichia coli strain, transformed with an AHL synthase (ExpI) from Pb1692, allowed to validate direct inhibition of AHL production by phloretin, as demonstrated by two biosensor strains, Chromobacterium violaceaum (CV026) and E. coli (pSB401). Expression analysis of virulence-related genes revealed downregulation of QS-regulated genes (expI, expR, luxS, rsmB), plant cell wall degrading enzymes genes (pel, peh and prt) and motility genes (motA, fim, fliA, flhC and flhD) following exposure to both phloretin concentrations. The results support the inhibition of ExpI activity by phloretin. Docking simulations were used to predict the molecular associations between phloretin and the active site of ExpI, to suggest a likely mode of action for the compound's inhibition of virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Pun
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon Lezion, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Netaly Khazanov
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ortal Galsurker
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Michal Weitman
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Zohar Kerem
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Iris Yedidia
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon Lezion, Israel
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22
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Kim K, Lee SE. Combined toxicity of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and vanadium towards zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio): Unexpected synergistic effect by DMSO. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 270:129405. [PMID: 33412354 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is produced in nature and is known to be a source of carbon and sulfur for marine microorganisms. It is currently used in many biological experiments, pharmaceutical preparations, and energy-producing systems such as lithium batteries. Therefore, the toxicity of DMSO has been studied because of its various implications to living organisms; however, such studies are largely limited to measuring individual toxicity whereas the combined toxicity of DMSO with other compounds has rarely been investigated. In the present study, the combined acute toxicity of 0.1% and 0.5% DMSO with vanadium was investigated in zebrafish embryos; the LC50 values of these combinations were 62.0 and 6.38 ppm, respectively. In individual toxicity tests, neither DMSO nor vanadium caused such mortality levels. Therefore, both 0.1% and 0.5% DMSO had a synergistic effect with vanadium, and this result was confirmed using an independent action model. This combined toxicity delayed the development of zebrafish embryos and caused pericardial edema. The synergistic effect of DMSO and vanadium was found to be related to reduced pH and inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase activity. Given its potential synergistic toxicity to aquatic organisms, the introduction of DMSO into the environment should be investigated and routinely monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongnam Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Lai C, Wu F, Wang Y, Wang W, Li Y, Zhang G, Gao J, Zhu Z, Yuan J, Yang J, Zhang W. Specific epigenetic microenvironment and the regulation of tumor-related gene expression by trichloroethylene in human hepatocytes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111453. [PMID: 33068984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE), an important volatile organic solvent, causes a series of toxic damage to human. Conventional genetic mechanisms cannot fully explain its toxicity and carcinogenicity, indicative of the possible involvement of epigenetic mechanisms. Our study was intended to investigate the epigenetic toxicity and underlying mechanisms of TCE. Data showed that 0.3 mM TCE treatment for 24 h increased the growth of L-02 cells transiently. In contrast, subacute exposure to TCE inhibited cell growth and induced the genomic DNA hypomethylation and histone hyperacetylation. Further studies have revealed the TCE-induced DNA hypomethylation in the promoter regions of tumor-related genes, N-Ras, c-Jun, c-Myc, c-Fos and IGF-II, promoting their protein levels in a time-dependent manner. These results reveal there is a negative relationship existing between DNA hypomethylation and protein expression in tumor-related gene after TCE exposure under specific epigenetic microenvironment, serving as early biomarkers for TCE-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Lai
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Yueqi Li
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Gaoqiang Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Jianji Gao
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Zhiliang Zhu
- Baoan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518101, PR China
| | - Jianhui Yuan
- Nanshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518054, PR China
| | - Jianping Yang
- Shenzhen Taike Test Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518053, PR China.
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China.
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24
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Song Q, He Z, Li B, Liu J, Liu L, Liao W, Xiong Y, Song C, Yang S, Liu Y. Melatonin inhibits oxalate-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in HK-2 cells by activating the AMPK pathway. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:2600-2610. [PMID: 32871086 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1810401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Deposition of various crystal and organic substances in the kidney can lead to kidney stone formation. Melatonin is an effective endogenous antioxidant that can prevent crystalluria and kidney damage due to crystal formation and aggregation. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which melatonin inhibits endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis. Methods: We treated HK-2 cells with oxalate to establish an in vitro kidney stone model, and treated these cells with different concentrations of melatonin (0, 5, 10, 20 μmol/L) and the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor Compound C. We measured levels of stress response markers including reactive oxygen species (ROS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and factors in the stress response pathway, such as ATF6, GRP78, DDIT3, PERK, p-PERK, IRE1, p-IRE1, XBP1s, AMPK, and p-AMPK, using real time-PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence analyzes. We measured mitochondrial membrane potential and caspases-3 activity using the CCK8, enzyme-linked immunosorbent, and flow cytometry assays to assess HK-2 cell viability and apoptosis. Results: Melatonin improved the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of the HK-2 cells, as evidenced by the dose-dependent reduction in apoptosis, ROS levels, and protein expression of ATF6, GRP78, DDIT3, p-PERK, p-IRE1, XBP1s, caspase-12, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9. Addition of the AMPK inhibitor, Compound C, partially reversed the protective effect of melatonin. Conclusion: Our study revealed that the protective effects of melatonin on oxalate-induced ER stress and apoptosis is partly dependent on AMPK activation in HK-2 cells. These findings provide insight into the prevention and treatment of kidney stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianlin Song
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqi He
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junwei Liu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lang Liu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbiao Liao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhe Xiong
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sixing Yang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
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25
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Development of large-scale oxidative Bromination with HBr-DMSO by using a continuous-flow microwave system for the subsequent synthesis of 4-Methoxy-2-methyldiphenylamine. J Flow Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-020-00094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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